Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

. ? ; . > 5 * -> -?? ^ Ar # : F.. '?^St*^. X x ? " I ?*> >S'W * ^V-' jWT A. S. JOHNSTON. NEC DEESSE, PTEC SITPERESSE UEIPUBL,1C^E - PUBLISHED WEEKI/Y. iTOIi. 34-XO, 4. COLUMBIA* S. C. JANUARY 81, 1838. S3 PER ANNUM. ^ TEBM &QLT2?SL& T3SLSSOOP3 <18 PUBLISHED ST A.S.JOHNSTON, Xlvery Saturday Morning-, kfc.fi. IVRRY WEUXESD T A9V SATURDAY MOR.VISG ^^WUSO THE SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE. ??^*V TERMS : Three dollars per annum, if paid in advance, or Four dollars a: the end of the year. Jap Anvrfcf rasjiZNTS conspicuously inserted at 75 ^ientt per square for the first insertion, and 37 i cents - every subsequent insertipn. All advertisements ^Ibrdered is the inside every publication ? or inserted "Other wise than regularly, to be charged as new foil v^lpperojOsiftiQn. Advertisements not having the ^jfidwSSr ofinsertionsmapked on them will be contin fced^till ordered out/ and charged accordingly. - Executive Department,?/ t " Columbia, Jan. 18, 1S33. $ ||gjs? la pursuance of Resolutions adopted by S0ke Legislature at its late session, Col. W. MARTIN has been appointed to collect claims of citizens of this State for losses >y?%Bfcttrrecl in the Florida campaign. He will at W inns borough, on Monday, -.'the 22d and remain two days, to attend to the ? claims of Capt. Smith's company ? at New C. H, on Thursday, the. 25tlf, and re / main three days, for the companies of Cap <^ taiae Marhis and 'Hargrove ? at Laurens C. Monday, the ^9th,;:and remain "two jiays^ fo?,.Qapt. j" ones' s - company ? at "Abbe on Thursday, the 1st of Februa ~ nd remain three days, for Capt. Chiles's at ^ Vlrennes, Anderson District, " x**~Monday,' the 5th Febriisay,, for Captain en3\cqmpany. C " the': other districts^notice will be ?;rhe3P?^Lv^-.^ JHBHRHHRI ^Fdr public infonnatfop* the Resolutions eferred to ^re annexed. ^The-actof Congress. ojivtI;e:sarae^subject ^ubIis|^dU; Claimants. iciB^e prepared ce, in conformky. to the requisi LL^,^if^uci^r<^nBOtU)e pro 33 near'y practicable. ?The ?racera ofc'th?; companies concerned |ay ^ ? - - Ml ,, - ? M \*EPORT^p - , ? ; Specie bCr>mmtittr* fm that part of . the Oover which reictex to the Claims of pie Flo j. . .. ^ . .it Special Committee to which, was referred that part of the Governor's Message relating t<> vthe That early in the month of February, 1836; Major ?;? General Scott, of the Army of the" United States, ^wfeo^waSck>thadby the War Departioent,with. ex ?^pwdinary ani plenary power, to conduct the -War y^iwpttBst the Saminole Indians in Florida, made his jequrtitjori upon the Governor of this. State for a w joriment ofmounted infantry, to serve for three - - sooner discharged? That the Gover ^iNNrJif sedwrdarice with that' requisition ordered into ^ service the rtgiment which was commanded by Col f^TL.H.Goodw y n ? That the citizens of the State be v~ Tongingtothat raiment, were not o; / required to give to the United Stales their personal service, but were also required to carry a part of their property -/ Into that serviced?That there Was atthe time no la w ^ Congress which provided an -indemnification for losses which might accrue upon the exposure' of individual property thus,carried into: the service of the United States ? that.akhov there . was no existing r?j-?w. your cocsmittee are of the opinion, that the obli ^5gsJ?n of. theUnited State* far indemnify cannot be _______ jned? the more especially as the officer making the reqatshion was cdbthed by hfe department and by .tho^hief ma^strate of the United States with the ^awsS plenary powers ? and as the property as well as r/|he individual owning the property was received into /?^he service, the authority of the officers of the Um States being exercised as tully over the property $&a*ii was over the owner.- This regiment, with the ^??ception of Capt. Gibson's company, was mustered j ^MDtoibeservice ofthe United States, at the Sister's "" "ferry oh the Savannah River, about the 18th. of Feb ^^naiiy. The fiorsea were then appraised, as your ^committee are informed by- the late Colonel, upon a ?^Vejbol order given by- him, and the appraisement j ^liste placed in the hands of the captains of the com % pany. This measure was taken by the Colonel as no officer appeared on the part of the United -States to j . Vper&rm this duty ; but Brig Gen. Eustis, of the army ^io^the United States, under whose " command this - ^regiment was placed, gave it liis verbal sanction. ? -- From this regiment has arisen a variety of claims for ; " indemnity for property lost or injured . Congress has j?ised a law intended to cover some of those claims, , ^ but leaving out others, manifestly too just to be in ' the opinion of your committee, omitted. This law is . also accompanied by so many vexatious regulations from the Department charged with its execution, as to render it, if not nugatory, the cause of much trouble I .*?' ead erpense and delay to the claimants. The State stands between the claimants and the United States, "> in a relation, that in the opinion of the committee, I renders it sot only expedient and proper, but the duty of the State, to see that they shall not suffer loss, either by a denial of their just claims, or the delay of . the Federal Government to admit them. The State ^ having in fulfillment of her own engagements with l-" the Federal Government ordered these claimants, v being her own citizens, into the service of the United States, is, in the opinion of the committee, bound to see them indemnified for the losses .consequent upon that service. Your committee, therefore, recom > mend that the State shall assume the payment of all losses of property on the part of that regiment, for which the claimants are jtiitly entitled to indemnity. , In pursuance of this recommendation, the committee T present the following classification of the claims for die sanction of the Legislature, to be settled in the manner hereafter provided for, updn being submitted in proper form, and being satisfactorily vouched. ~ ' 1st. Horses killed in battle, or being wounded^ were killed by order. 2nd. Horses which died in the service. 3rd. Horses which were lost in the service. 4th. Horses which died alter the discharge of the ^ regiment and on the way home. .. v ? 5th. Horses which died after they returned home, from fatigue or of disease contracted in the service. 6th. Horses which failed in the service or on the return home and were abandoned, sole, or traded off in consequence of such failure. g&y ?th. Horses which returned home, but in conse ? qnence of permanent injury received in the service rendered valueless. . O ^ . ^ '-3th." Equipage, which was lost with faerses. '"i -.-i\ - 9th. When the soldier was separated by the order of an officer from his horse or equipage, and his horse or equipage was lost or not returned. In addition, there are some claims which can be brought under neither of the above heads, which your committee recommend shall be settled. 1st. The claim of Capt. Pickens's company from Col. Norris's regiment in Anderson district. This company was drafted, and many of the men not owning horses, horses were pressed by order of the Colonel to mount the company. These horses were appraised, and on their return sold. The dif ference between the amount of the appraisement ' 1 and the sale will be between 1 1 and 1200 dollars 2nd. The claim of Capt. Whitmore and his officers, for horses purchased for their company. In this case, about twenty soldiers presented them selves at the rendezvous at the Sister's ferry, with out horses, and were mustered into the service. An effort was made to have them mounted at the expense ? of the General Government, but failed. An effort was then made to have them discharged, which was refused Under these circumstances, Capt. Whit" more and his.officers purchased horses at their own. expense. These horses were sold at the close of the campaign and the difference of the purchase and sale, two or three hundred dollars, is submitted by Capt. Whitmore as a claim on the part of himself and officers. " 4 - ? * ... 3rd. Capt. Gibson's claim for subsistence between Savannah and St. Augustine. Capt. Gibson's company could not Teach the Sis ter's ferry with the other companies and marched - alone to St. Augustine. It was mustered into service at Savannah. -The claim of Capt. Gibson amounts to two or three hundred dollars for subsistence furnished by liim for his command on the march from Savan nah to St. Augustine, the proper department of the army having neglected to furnish it- ? * ?_* 4th-. Claim of John A. Colcough for "horses fur-, nished Capt. Dubose's company from Sumter district. Many of these men were drafted, and as irt the case of Capt. Pickens's company, owned no horses ; 'fifteen head of horses were furnished by this patriot iccitixen, butfew of which/were returned. y \5th-The dima of J. M. Desaussure, for money ?furnished Capt. Dubose's company for subsistence. Tills is a claim for $300, Mr. Desaussure was Brigade Major to Brig. Gen. Cantey, and wa& dis patched by: him to organize the company in Sumter. The company was without the means of subsistence and- could not march? under these circumstances Maj. D^ussure advanced $500, $200 of- which was returned by the Captain. - - ? Tocarry into effect this report, and to adjust and settle all the claims contained in it, your committee recommend the adoption of the following resolutions : '"<? Resolved x That one or more persons be Appointed by the Governor, ;to be paid out of the contingent fund, whose dutyitsbal] be to collect ail the claims - which are embraced in this report and. the testimony on. which they are supported. -- y ? - - Resolved, That his excellency P. M. Butler, Gen. James Jones, and Col. R. H. Goodwyn afe hereby appointed commissioners to pass upon the aforesaid -claims ; and that the Treasurer of the Upper Division 4*: hereby required to pay any claim passed by said commissioners. - "vr Provided that no claim or claims be "allowed as sufficiently established, unless supported by the same testimony and documents as are required by the act of Congress, passed at its last regular session, for the establishment, and payment of such claims ? in case such testimony and documents can be procured. . - - Resolved , That twenty thousand dollars be appro priated to pay the aforesaid claims, if so much shall be accessary, v., 4 * ^ Resolved, That his excellency the Governor be requested to apply, through our Representatives in Congress, to the .General Government, for payment to the State of the amount of the said claims, as soon as they shall have been established as aforesaid. In the House of Representatives , Dec . 18, 1837 Resolved, That the House do agree to the Report. Ordered, That it be sent to the Senate for concur rence. By order, " . ' T. W. GLOVER, C. H. R. |*. ' In Senate, 19 th Dec ., 1837. ' Resolved , That Senate do concur. Ordered, I'hat it be returned to the House of Representatives. By order, JACOB WARLEY, C. S. WAR DEPARTMENT. ) : January 25, 1S37. $ I .Rules in Relation* to Claims, Provided for by an r act of Congress passed 18th January, 1837, entitled [' " An act to provide for the payment of horses and other property lost or destroyed in the military ser vice of the United States," prescribed in pursuance of the 4th section of the said act. ; All claims under the provisions of this act must be presented at the office of the Third Auditor of the Treasury Department before the end of the next ses sion of Congress, and each must be substantiated by i such evidence as is hereinafter designated, with res pect to cases ot the class under which it fails. FIRST CLASS OF CASES. By the first section of the law it is enacted : i ? " That any field, or staff, or other officer, mounted I militiaman, volunteer, ranger, or cavalry, engaged in ! he military service ofthe United Sutessince the 18th ! of June, 1812, or who shall hereafter be in said ser I vice, and has sustained or shall sustain damage, with ' out fault or negligence on his part while in said ser | vice, by the|loss of ahorse in battle, or by the loss of a ' horse wounded in battle, and which has died, or shall j die, of said wound, or !>eing so wounded, shall be : abandoned, by order of his officer, and lost, or shall ! sustain damage by the loss of any horse by death, or ! abandonment, in consequence of the United States ; failing to supply sufficient forage, or because the rider was dismounted and separated from his horse, i and ordered to do duty on foot at a station detached i from his horse, or when the officer in the immediate ) command ordered, or shall order, the horse turned ' out to gaze in the woods, prairies, or commons, be cause the United States failed, or shall fail to supply ? sufficient forage, and the loss was or shall be conse i quent thereon, or for the loss of necessary equipage l in consequence of the loss of his horse, as aforesaid, i shall be allowed and paid the value thereof : Pruvid led , That if any payment has b een or shall be made j to any one aforesaid, for the use and risk, or for for ; age after the death, loss, or abandonment of his horse, | said payment shall be deducted from the value there ! of, unless he satisfied, or shall satisfy the paymaster, i at the time he made or shall make tbe payment, or f thereafter show by proof, that he was remounted, in ! which case the deduction shall only extend to the j time he was on foot. And provided , aho, if any pay | ment shall have been, or shall hereafter be made, to | any person above mentioned, on account of clothing, to which he was not entitled by law, such payment shall be deducted from the value of his horse or ac coutrements." To establish a claim under this provision, the claimentmust adduce the evidence of the officer un der whose command he served when the loss occur ed, if alive, or, if dead, then of the next serviving of ficer; describing the property, the value thereof, the time and manner in which the loss happened, and whether or not it was snstained without any fault or negligence on the claimants part.The evidence should also, in case the claimant was remounted, after the loss, state when he was remounted, how long he continued so, and explain whether the horse whereon he was remounted had not been furnished by the United States or been owned by another mounted militiaman or volunteer, to whom payment for the j ?ir-y "? ;'v' /V'\ use and risk thereof, or for its forage whilst uuhe possession of the claimant, m&y ^ . me ,he 0 )T. and if it had been thus ow?^, should name t hep^ son, and the command to which he belong - in every instance in which the claim may extend i to l^V?he several articles o( which the same on Sted, and the separate value of each, should be sp cifled SECOND CLASS OF CASES. The second section of the law eI??cts.f. RPrv;c0 44 That any person who, in the said military as volunteer or draughted rn.liua^n ^rmAed or shall furnish himself with arnM airf m.htary acMU | trements, and sustained or shall sustain S } the capture or destruction of the same, vMtho y fault ornegligence^bn.his part, or who lostor shall lose the same by reason of his being woundedin the service, shall be allowed and paid the value therwl Each claim under this provision must be estahli ed by the evidence of the officer vv^o commandcd the claimant when the lost happened, if i alive , or, it dead, then of the next surviving officer; discr bing th several articles lost, the value of each, whether or not the same were furnished by the claiman t, wav and when the loss occurred, and whether or not , 't was sustained without any fault or negligence otk his part. v -v THtRD'C^SS OF CASES. The third section of the law enacts, U That anv person who sustained or shall damlge byntyheP loss, capture, or destrueUon, byan enemv ot any horse, mule, or wagon, cart'.?^^ S or harness, wtdle such property was 2"' ? vice of the United States, either by a? ^e^i^^or contract-except in cases where therttX to which the property would be exposed was agreed ,"curredb?uhPeowner,.fitihaUapp?arthMmchte?, raoture, or destruction was without any fault orne <rl?ence on the part of the owner ; and who without any fault or negligence sustained or shall sustain damage by the death or abandonment and ; loss of any such horse, mule, or ox, while in .the ser > vice aforesaid, in consequence of the nart of the United- States, to furnish the same with sufficient forage, shall be dlowed and paid the value .^To^estahlish a claim under this provision, itwiUb? necessary to produce the testimony of the officer or agent of the United States who impressud or wn tracted for the property mentioned in such claim,and also/of the officer under whose irnmedia^ Minmand -tWe same wm employed at the time of captu , SS or abandonment ; declaring m what way the property was taken into the service of he United Slates, the value thereof, whether or not the risk to which it would be exposed was agreed to be incurred by the owner, whether or as regarded horses, mules, or oien, he engaged to suppl y.ihe same with sufficient forage, .n what manner 'helo? happened, and whether or not it was sustained with out any fault Or negligence on his part.. - , " The sixth section thela wer.av^s. . - "That in all instances where any minor has been, or shall be engaged in lhe. J United States, and was or shall be provided witn horse or equipments, or with mihtary acwutreme , by his palent or guardian, and has died or shall die, without paying for said property, and the same has b^eB or shall be lost, captured, destroyed, or aban Boned, in the manner before mennoned, said Pa?* > or guardian, shall be allowed pay therefor on making satisfactory proof as in other cases, and . the fortner proof t haVhe is entitled thereto, by having furnished ^A^arlnt or guardian of a deceased minor,, will, ' therefore, in addition to such testimony applIc^ble tP his claim as previously described, have to proof that he provided the minor with the p pe y therein mentioned ; that ^emipordied^ut pay ing for such property ; and that he,; the l?^ or guardian, is entitled to payment for it, by his ha\ mg furnished the same. < The seventh section of the law enacts : 4iThat in all instances where any than a minor, has been or shall be en gag ^ military service aforesaid, and has heen, i:,*.. provided with a horse or equ.pmenu or with mih^ ry accoutrements, by any person, the owner thereo , who has risked, or shall take the risk of equipments, or military accoutrements on himsf It, 2d the same has been or shall be lost, ^ured.de^ stroved or abandoned in the manner before men tioned, such owner shall be ^owMp^ t /e , making satisfactory proof as in other cases^ further prooflhat he is entitled thereto by having furnished the same, and having taken the n?K ^ra ^Besides the testimony in support of ^kim here in before required, every such owner, therefor^ wi have to prove that he did provide the horse, equip ments, or military accoutrements therein mentioned and took the risk thereof on himself, and, that he w entitled to pay therefor, by having furnished t same, mkenthl risk thereof, on hinuelfj and <h? proof should be - contained in a . u^m withsuch person who had been so provided by him with sucn horse, equipments or military accoutrements ; . In no case can the production of the evidence pre viouslv described, he dispensed with, unless the i practicability of producing it be clearly provec h and then the nearest and best other e*l<te the case may be susceptible, must be furnished .in ^Everyclaim must be accompanied by a d?P??!j?on ofthe cl amant, declaring that he ^?>t received from any officer or agent ot the United states a y horse or horses, equipage, arms, acco^rsX^e mly wagon, cart, boat, sleigh, or harness, [as the ewe may be,f in lieu ofthe property he lost, n or an? . JJW?* sation for the same, and be supported ifprac ira^ bv the ordinal valuation list, made by the appraiser of the property, at the time the same was taken int the United States service. . All evidence, other than the certificates of officers, who at the time of giving them, were in themilrtry service ofthe United States, must be sworn to before someTudge justice of the peace, or another person duly authorized to administer oaths, an.^ authority, proof should accompanyhe ev^denc^ Secretary of War od interim* Approved, January 25, 1832;NtDREW jACKSON. , The Pendleton Messenger, Greenville Mountain eer, Edgefield Advertiser, Charleston Courier, a. - Mercury, will copy the above twice. In the Court of Ordinary , LEXINGTON DISTRICT, S.C. Uriah Frazier el uxor,] Applicants, I vs. Mrs. Susannah Calk, widow, Wm. Gregory and wife Elizabeth, Jacob Frazier and - wife Susannah, Simeon Calk, and Sarah Ann Calk, Defendants. _ . IT appearing to my satisfaction that cSu8PnI"V Calk, William Gregory and wife, and Sarah An Calk three ofthe defendants, reside out ofthe limits of this State, it is therefore ordered, that they appea before me, on or before the 12th day of ^.arc^ "?xh to object to the division or sale of the realest JAMES CALK, late resident on Saluda Kiver,de ceased, or their consent^iU be^n^ed of re^ Lexington C. II., Jan. 10th, 1838. 3 The Public 4 RE informed that the NBSBITT M ANUFAC A. TURING COMPANY are prepared to execute orders in CAST IRON, for the running gear of Mills, Cotton Gins, Thrashing Machmes. and Cast ings generally, at their works on the Broad River. in S^rtonburg and Union Districts, about 100 miles aM? wSr Waddell and P. & R lumbia, are authorized to receive orders^A^e^ terns, ihich will be forwarded tc ? thjWgi. rfdj Company without delay. Mr- E. ? the General Superintendent, wdl receive and exe cute orders at the Works. rvlnm Castin^s will be delivered to customers in Colum bia^at the Charleston prices ; at the Works they wdl l'eThe'corapany are determined to deserve the pa tronage ofthe public.^ t ELMOREi president. Jan. 20, - : ? Partition of the Real Estate of James Calk, doceased. SONG. Lord Holland rose, and went to mass, And doflf'd Ij is mourning weed, An ? bade thom bring ? looking-glass, And saddle fast a steed : "I'll deck with gems my bonnet's loop, And wear a feather fir.e; And when lorn lovers sit and droop, Why I will sit and dine : Sing merrily, sing merrily ! And fill the cup of wine. "Though Elgitha be thus untrue, Adole is beauteous yet ; And he that's baffled by the blue May bow before the jet: So welcome, welcome, hall or -heath; So welcome, shower or siiine! And wither there, thou willow wreath, Thou never shall be mine: ? Sing merrily, sing merrily ! And fill the cup of wine !? Proud Elgitha, a health to thee, A health in brimming gold, And store of lovers after me, As honest, and less cold ; My. hand is on my bugle-horn, My boat is on the brine ; If ever gallant died of scorn, I shall not die of thine.: . V Sing merrily, sing merrily! And fill the cup of wine," SONG, BT T. H. BATLK. Oh, sing ire no new songs to-night; Repeat the plaintive atrafn, My favorite air in former years ? Come, sing if once again: Sweet thoughts that slumber'd start to lifo, And give my heart relief; , And though I weep to hear that sonj, 'Tis not the tear of grief. -Her precious record of the past" % ' F?nd Memory oft conceals, . VL But Music, with her master key, The hidden volume steals: The loves, the friends, the hopes of ycull:. Are stored in every leaf; Oh, if I weep to hear that song, 'Timet the tear of grief.* - From the Southern Jjiterary Journal. JUDGE HARPER'S MEMOIR ON SLAVERY. - The institution of domestic slavery^ exists over far the greater portion of the inhabited earth. Until within a very few centuries, it may be said to have existed over the whole* earth? at least in all those portions of -it which had made any advances toward civili zation. We might safely conclude then that it is deeply founded in the nature of man and the exigencies of human society. Yet, fa the -few countries in which it has been *al>oli?hed ? claiming, perhaps justly, to be farthest advanced in civilization and intelli gence, but which have had the smallest op portunity of observing its true character and effects ? it is denounced as the most intole rable of social and political evils. Its exis tence, and every hour of its continuance, is .regarded as the crime of the communities in which it is found.- Even by those in the: countries alluded to, who regard it with the most indulgence or the least abhorrence? who attribute no" criminality to the present generation? who found it in existence, and have not yet been able to devise the means of abolishing it, it is- pronounced a misfortune* and a curse injurious and dangerous always, and which must be finally fatal to the socie ties which admit it. This is no longer re garded as a subject of argument and investi tion. The opinions referred to are assumed as settled, or the truth of them as self-evi dent. If any voice is raised among ourselves to extenuate or vindicate, it is unheard. The judgment is made up. We can have no hearing: before the tribunal of the civilized world. Yet, on this very account, it is more im portant that we, the inhabitants of the slave holding States of America, insulated as we are, by this institution, and cut off, in some degree, fiom the communion and sympathies of the world by which we are surrounded, or with which we have intercourse, and exposed continually to their animadversions and at tacks, should thoroughly understand this subject and our strength and weakness in relation to it. If it be thus criminal, dan gerous and fatal ; and if it be possible to de vise means of freeing ourselves from it, we ought at once to set about the employing of ?those means. It would be the most wretched and imbecile fatuity, to shut our eyes to the impending dangers and horrors, and "drive darkling down the current of our fate," till we are overwhelmed in the final destruction. If we are tyrants, cruel, unjust, oppressive, let us humble ourselves and repent in the sight of Heaven, that the foul stain may be cleansed, and we enabled to stand erect as having common claims to humanity with our fellow men. But if we are nothing of all this; if we commit no injustice or cruelty ; if the main tenance of our institutions be essential to our prosperity, our character, our safety, and the safety of all that is dear to us, let us enlighten our minds and fortify our hearts to defend them. It is a somewhat singular evidence of the indisposition of the rest of the world to hear any thing more on this subject, that perhaps the most profound, original and truly philo sophical treatise, which has appeared within the time of my recollection,* seems not to have attracted the slightest attention out of the slaveholding States themselves. If truth, reason and conclusive argument, propounded with admirable temper and perfect candour, might be supposed to have an effect on the minds of men, we should think this work would have put an end to agitation on this subject. The author has rendered inappre ciable service to the South in enlighteniug them on the subject of-their own institutions, and turning back that monstrous tide of folly and madness which, if it had rolled on, would have' involved his 6wn great State along with the rest of the slaveholding States * President Do w's Review of the V irgtnia Debates ' on the subject of Slavery. - in a common ruin. But beyond he seems to have produced no effort whatever. The denouncers of Slavery, with ^hose pro ductions the press groans, seem to he una ware of his existence ? unaware that there is' reason to be encountered, or argument to he> answered. They assume that the truth is known and settled, and only requires to be' enforced by denunciation. Another vindicator of ihe South has ap peared in an individual who is among those that have done honor to American literature.* With conclusive argument, and great force of expression he has defended Slavery - from the charge of injustice or immorality, and shewn clearly the unspeakable cruelty and mischief which must result from any scheme of abolition. He does not live among slave holders, and it cannot be said of him as of others, that his mind is warped by interest, or his moral sense blunted by habit and fa miliarity with abuse. These circonxslKwes^ ] it might be supposed, would liave featured him hearing and consideration. He seems to be equally unheeded, and the work of denun ciation disdaining argument, still goes on. President Dew has shown that the institu tion of Slavery, is a principal cause .of civili zation. Perhaps nothing can be more eyi-. dent than that it is the sole can?e. If 'any thing can be predicated a3 universally true of uncultivated man, it is that he wilt" not labor beyond what is absolutely necessary to maintain his existence. Labour fo pain to those who are unaccustomed to it, and ? the nature of man is averse to pain. Even with all the training, the- helps and motives of civilization, we find that this aversion can not be overcome in many' individuals of the most cultivated societies." The coercion of Slavery alone is adequate to form man to hahits of labour. Without it there can be no accumulation of property, no providence for the future, no taste for comforts or ele gancies, which are the characteristics and essentials of civilization. He who has ob tained the commajd of another's labour, first begins to accumulate and provide for the fu ture, and the foundations of civilization are hid. We find confirmed by experience that which is so evident in theory. Since the Silence of man upon the earth, with no ex ception whatever, either of ancient or mod ern times, every society which has attained civilization, has advanced to it through this process* v ? ' - V-. Will those who regard Slavery as immoral, or crime in itself, tell us that man was not .intended for civilization, but to roam the earth as a biped brute? That he was not to raise his eyes to Heaven; or be conformed in his nobler faculties to the image of his Maker? Or will thej say that the Judge of all the earth has done wrong in ordainingnhe means by which alone that end can be attain ed 1 It is true that the Creator can make the wickedness as well as the wrath of man to praise him, and bring forth the most be nevolent results from the most atrocious actions. But in such cases, it is the motive of the actor alone which condemns the ac tion. The act itself is good, if it promotes the good purposes of God, and would be ap proved by him if that result only were in tended. Do they not blaspheme the provi dence of God who denounce as wickedness and outrage, that which is rendered indispen sable to his purposes' in the government of the world ? Or at what stage of the progress of society will they say that .Slavery ceases to be necessary, and its very existence be comes sin and crime ? I am aware that such argument would have little effect on those with whom it would be degrading to contend ? who pervert the inspired writings? which in some parts expressly sanction Slavery^ and throughout indicate most clearly that it is a civil institution, with which religion has no concern ? with a shallowness and presump tion not less flagrant and shameless than his, who wo >ld justify murder from the text, "and Phineas arose a rid" executed judg [ mcnt." . There seems to be something in this sub j ject, which blunts the perception, and dark ens -and confuses/the understandings arid moral feelings of men. Tell them that, of necessity, in every civilized society,; there must be an infinite variety of conditions and employments, from the most eminent and in tellectual, to the most servile and laborious; that the negro race, from their temperament and capacity, are peculiarly suited to the situ ation which they occupy, and not less happy in it than any corresponding class to be found in the world ; prove incontestably that no scheme of emancipation could be carried into effect without the most intolerable mis chiefs and calamities to both master and slave, or without probably throwing a large and fertile portion of the earth's surface out of the pale of civilization ? and you have done nothing. They reply, that whatever may be the consequence, you are bound to do right ; that man has a right to himself, and man can not have a property in man ; that if the negro race be naturally inferior in mind and charac | ter, they are not less entitled to the rights of humanity; that if they arc happy in their condition, it affords but the strongerevidence of their degradation, and renders them still more objects of commiseration. They re peat, as the fundamental maxim of our civil policy, that all men are free and equal, and quote from our Declaration of Independence, "that rr.en are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, amoug which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." It is not the first time that I have had oc casion to observe that men may repeat with the utmost confidence, some maxim or senti mental phrase, as self-evident or admitted truth, which is either palpably false or to which, upon examinatiou, it will be found that they attach no definite idea. Notwith standing our respect for the important docu-"^ ment which declared our independence, yet if any thing be found in it, and- especially ?iri what may be regarded ratheras its orname'ut: than its s ubstance?false v so phisti cal or un meauingvthat respect should not screen it from the freest examination. ALL .nen are born free and equal. Is it not palpably nearer the truth to say that no man was ever born free, and that no two men were ever born equal T Man-is bom in a state of the most helpless dependence on others. He continues subject to the absolute control Hil F&uldinj? on Slavery. ? T of others, afid remains without many of the civil, and all of the political privileges of hi? society, until the period which the laws have fixed, as that at which he is supposed lo' at tain the maturity of his faculties. Then equality, is further developed* and become# infinite in every society, and uuder whatever form of government. Wealth and povorty, fame or obscurity, Strength or weakness, - kuowJet'ge ot ignorance, ease orlabor, poWer or subjection, make the endless diversity in the condition of men. ' BuPwe have not arrived at the profundity of the maxitn. This inequality is in a great measure the result of abuses in the institu tions of society. ~Th*;y do notspeak of what exists, but ol what ought 'io exist. Every one should be left at liberty to obtain all the advantages of society which he can compass, by the. free exertion of his faculties, unim peded by civil restraints. It may be said that this . wculd not remedy the evils of society WhicB a? complained o? ' Tl^e inequalities to which I have referred, with thtf jfilljtqCi!*-? suiting from i.hem, would exist in fact under the freest ana most popular form of go ve ru in ent that man wonlddevise. But what is "the foundation of the bold dogma so confi- ; dently announced ? F emales are human and rational beings. 'JTiev may Tie found ofbetter faculties & better qualified to exercise political , privileges and to attain the distinctions of soci ety than many men ; yet who complains of the ; ordejr of society by which they are excluded' from them ? For*] do not speak of .thefcvV who would desecrate them ; do violence to the nature which their Creator has' impressed upon them ; drag them from the position; which they, necessarily ocoupy for the exit- * tence of civilized society, and iu which tbey^ constitute its blessings and ornament-rthe only position which they have ever occupied i in any human society ? to place them in situation iu which they would be alike mise rable aud degraded. JLow as we descend in. combating, the theories of presumptnovif dogmatists, it cannot be necessary to stoop to this. A youth of eighteen ntay hare pow ers which cast into the shade those of any ' of his more advanced cotemporaries. /'Ha, may be capable of serving or. saving - his r country, and if not permitted to do so noir, the occasion may have Jwtn But he can exercise no political privilege or aspire to auy political distinction. It is said that of necessity, society must exclude from some civil' and political privileges those who are unfitted to exercise them, by infirmi ty, unsuitableuess of character, or' defect ef discretion; that of necessity there must be some general rule en the su bject, an&X any rule which can be devised will ope-' rate with hardship and injustice on indivi duals. This % is all that can be said andaii that need be said. It is saying, in Other words, that the privileges in questiou are no matter of natural right, but to be settled by convention, as the good and saiety of society may require. If society should jlitfraiffihiai individuals convicted of infamous crimes, would this be an invasion.of natural, right f Yet this would not be justified on the score . of their moral guilt, but that the good of society required, or would be promoted by it. We admit the existence of a moral law; bind ing on societies as on -'individuals. Society t1 must act in good faith. No man or body of men has a right to inflict pain or privation oo . others, unless with a view, after full and im- j partial deliberation, to prevent a greater evil. If this deliberation be had, and the decision ' made in good faith, there can be no imputa- . t ion of mo rat guilt. Has any politician con% tended that tli|tovery existence ^of govern ments in which there are orders . privileged by- law, constitutes a violation of morality; that their continuance is a crime, which men are bound to put an end to without any con-*!, side/ at ion of the good or evil^td resnlt from' the change ? Yet this' is the natural i nfer ence from the dogma of the natural equality' of men as applied to our institution of slave- ' ry ? an equality not to be^ invaded without injustice and wroug, and requiring to be re stored instantly, unqualifiedly, and without reference to consequences. Tp is sufficiently romjnon-plafce, but wo are sometimes driven to common-place. It is not less a false antfshallow than a presump tuous philosophy., which theorixes on -the ' affairs of meiiLas, of a problem to be solved by some unerring rule of hum an reason, without, reference to the designs of a superior intelli gence, so far as he has been pleased to indi cate them in their creation and destiny^ Man ' is born to subjection. Not only during in- 51 fancy is he dependant and uuder the control of others ; at all ^ ages, it is tf&very bias of his nature; that the strong and the wise should control theweak and the ignorant. So it has been since the days of Nimrod. ,The exis tence of some form of Slaved in all agesand countries, is proof- enbngh of this. He is born to subjection as lie is born iu sin and ig? norance. To make. any considerable progress in knowledge, thVpontinued efforts of sue* cessive generations, and the diligeut training and unwearied exertions of the individual are; requisite. ' To make progress in moral viW I tiie, not less time and effort, aided by superior help, are necessary ; and it is only by.th^ matured exercise of his kno wtedge a?t * ' virtue," that lie can attain to civifjfijee< Of all things, the existence of crK? tjij most the result of artificial institution. 1 proclivity of;the natural man is td:'dSmii or to be subservient. . A-noble result ind< but iu the attaining of which, as- in the: ins stances of knowledge and virtue, the Creator^ for his own purposes,'haiTset a Koiitt " which we cannotgo. / Iiut he who inmost-advanced in knowl is most sensible of hb ? own ignorance, aod how much must forever be unkuowu to man in his present condition. r As L have heard it expressed, the farther you extend the circle of light, the wider . is the horizon of. dark-" ness. lie Who has made the greatest. pro gress in moral purity, is most sensible of the depravityj not only of the world around him, but of his own heart and the imperfection ot h?s best motives; and this he knows that men must feel and lament so long as they contin ue men. So when the greatest civil- liberty has been made, the enlightened lover of .liberty will know that there must w*? main much inequality, ranch injustie^gtytejT Slavery t which no homan wisdom or vutvs will ever be able whollv to prevent^'ie&s|| As I have before had the hoOor ??|^M^