VOL. as? NO. 19. COLUMBIA, S. C. MAY IS, 188?. $3 PER ASStM
THE
ZCliUUBZA. TBLBS0CP3
18 PUBLISHED BY
A. S. JOHNSTON,
Every Saturday Morning',
BTXRT WEUSKSD^r A SO SATURDAY MORNING
?7RING THE SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE.
TERMS :
Three dollars per annum, if paid in advance, or
Four dollars at the end of the year.
ADTttTlMJEENTS conspicuously inserted at 75
5ejL.*per square for the first insertion, and 37 4; cents
fcr every subsequent insertion. All advertisements
wdered m the inside every publication ? or inserted
"otherwise than regularly, to be charged as new for
>svery insertion. Advertisements not having the
bomber of insertions marked on them will be contin
ued till ordered out, and charged accordingly. All
accounts for advertising, above $25 and under $50,
55 per cent. ieducrion--above $50, 40 per cent, de
duction.
fo and Country Jfi er
chmitg*
SALUDA MANUFACTURED COTTQ**^
GOODS. t
CITY and Country Merchants can be supplied
wi h Cotton Yarns and G?r^HT^^3 expressly
adapted to the Southern trade and warranted to be
of me first quality on as reasonable terras as else
where, by application at the Factory, near Columbia.
Febnuuy 13, 1837 8
Flower Roots.
JUST received trom Sinclair of Baltimore, and
Thorburn of New- York,
400 ipiendid Dalia Roots, all colors, Paeon y Roots, all
colors, among them are,
Ficta Formtsisama, orange and red.
Widnals Grants, dark clarret.
Kins of Delias, pure white edged with pink.
Lord John Russell's Scarlet.
Black Hawk, most black.
Fair Ellen, pink.
K&g of the Yellows.
Zuta Perfecta, orange.
Double Tulips in full bloom.
Hyasinths, all colors.
Camelia Japonicas, in blossom,' splendid.
Fofittntfcus, in pots, now in flower.
Pinks all sorts and colors.
1 A few ounces of the true Chinese Midbcrry seed
left, warranted to produce the true sort for making
silk. Samples of the silk may- be seen at my Seed
Store. Clover seed and Poutoe Oats.
R. RUSSELL.
Narch 25, 1837. 12tf
Columbia, February 11, 1837.
Satuda Manufacturing Co
Resolved, by the Board of Directors of
Saluda Manufacturing- Company, That the
Books shall be opened on the 1st day of March
next, at the counting hous*? of D. & J. Ewart
& Co., for an additional subscription of one
hundrtd thousand dollars to the capital Stock
of the Company. New subscribers will be
admitted into the Company on the same terms
and on the same conditions of original sub
scribers. Ten dollars a share on each share
ef one hundred dollars, will be required at t>me
of subscribing, and ten dollars a share at the
end of each and every sixty days thereafter,
until the^ whole will be paid. A failure to com- ]
pJy with these terms, will inure in a forfeiture I
of the stock for the benefit of the Company.
The Company having one fourth of the mill
filled with machinery, and now i.) operate,
and another fourth in progress of setting up,
are able to calculate to a reasonable degree of
certainty, the value of their undertaking. To
make the establishment available to the full
extent of which it is capable, they have come
to the determination, provided they can sell
the stock, to fill the mill from the basement to
the attic story. The citizens of our State, and
particularly the present stockholders, are called
upon to aid in an undertaking which will be a
credit to our State, and will most unquestion*
ably exceed in profitable or pecuniary results
any joint stock company within the State.
DA VI D E W A RT, President.
JLaic JYotice.
GREGG & ADDISON.
AYE renewed their Partnership, in the prac- |
__ * tice of Law for Lexington District.
March 1 1th 10 4t |
H
EXCHAX&E.
^^iHECKS at Sight on Lexington, Kentucky, by
RICHARD SONDLEV,
Agent Bank of Charleston.
Nov 29 tf 49
$75,000.
15 Drawn Numbers in each Package.
The most splendid Lottery ever drawn in the
United States.
Alexandria Lottery, Class E.
To be drawn at Alexandria, D. C. on Saturday
May 27. ?*-> ""
75 Number lx>tt?
JtiCH -'3 ? Drawn Ballots,
1 Gra^ - A*VT> s?lixi>ii> prizes
J c Capital of 75,000 Dollars.
. oplendid Prize of 25,000 Dollars.
1 do 20,0?0 Dollars.
1 do 10,000 Dollars.
1 do 9,000 Dollars.
1 do 8,000 Dollars.
1 do 7,500 Dollars.
1 do 7,000 Dollars.
1 do 6.000 Dollars.
$5,000 ? $4,000 ? $3,000 ? $2.732 ? $2,500 ? $2000
5 of $1,750 ? 5 of 1,500
50 prizes of $1,000
50 do 750
50 do 600
60 prizes of $300
60 do 250
60 do 200
50 do 500 i 60 do 150
50 do 400 1 &c. &c.
TUAets $20 ? Halves 10 ? Quarters 5 ? Eights 2 50.
? Certificates of packages of 25 Whole Tickets $270
do ?'o 25 Half do 135
do do 25 Quarter do 67 50
do do 25 Eighth do 33 75
$$*Ordersfor Tickets and Shires or Certificates of
Packages in the above magnificent Scheme, will
receivexhe most prompt attention, and an official
sccount-of the drawing sent immediately after it is
over te all whe order from us. ? Address,
D. 8. GREGORY & CO. Managers,
Washington City, D. C.
April 15 15 6t
Francis Ogier,
DRUGGIST AND APOTiiECARY.
U ESPECTFULLY informs his friends and the
public that he hns.-purchased from i?r. S. Per
eival, his entire stock of well selected Drugs, Chem
icals, Family and Patent Medicines, Surgeons In
struments, Paints, 0?ls, Varnishes, Paint Brushes,
I>ye StufS, together with a great variety of articles,
v usually kept in an establish metic of this kind, all of
which are warranted genuine, and of the best
quality.
A reguJar supply will be kept up and sold at the
lowest market prices and no effort on the tuirtof the
subscriber shall be wanting to give general satisfac
tion. A share of that patronage heretofore so libe
rally extended to this establishment, is roost respect
fully solicited on the part of the subscriber, which
fhxn his long experience and attention to business
he hopes to merit. . ?
Apply at Dr. S. Peretval s old stand, Main street
opposite to Briggs late Edgar s Hotel.
WANTED.
A youth about 15 or 16 years of age of good moral
character, as an Apprentice to the business. Apply
as above,
A List of Letters
REMAINING in the Post-Office at Columbia,
(S. C.) on the 1st of May.
90~Persons applying for letiers on this list, will
j please say "they are advertised."
A L
; Adams, Rebecca S Lennon, Osborn J
B Lyon, Robert
> Boyle, George Lewis Dixon H
i Brown, J H Lee, Richard H
! Bull, J L Lewis, William Lynn
; Barney, Alender M
Bowen, S A Miller, Thomas
Bates, Zacharial^ McMillan, John Iver
| Bach man, Wdliafli Miller, Jerome J
Baskeit, Jesse Munson, William
Bronstm, D L Miller, John D
Braddy, R A N
i Bradshaw, Thomas Nccley, Jane
1 C .P
! Cassin, William H Price, George
Culbreth, Henry Polock, J M
Carr, John Phelp?, Charles
Clarke, Harriet R
Carter, Robert Reed, (carpenter)
Cope, Samue^.. Ribas, frv
Culler, James Ryan. James
.?ampbell, Thomas Russell, Thomas
^vornclius, Herod Rawlinscs, Samuel, sen.
D Risoi, Adam
Drury, Sherman, 2 Ruff, Benjamin
! Duke, Martha C B S
! Dennison, George M Surfold, Rubin
! De Lozeair, H Seaborn, George
Davis, Allen Surgery Professor of the
Dunovant, John U niversity of S. C.
F Spigener, Samuel
Frost, Charles Simmons, Isabella
Faust, Casper Simons, Paul J
Fair, William Scobie, N
Faust. Jasper Stewart, John E
Frost, Thomas Smith, Charlotte
G Spigener, Eliza A
Gibson, John A Swartz, Philip
Graig, James Smyth, William
Gunter, Erasmus A Silliu, Elizabeth
Garner, Presley T
Gardner, Louisa Tucker, Sarah
Goodwyn, E F Threwitz, Mary
H Taylor, M A .
Hamiter, David Taylor, Mrs H P
Huggins, Burrell Thompson, William A 2
Horrell, Thomas Touzey, George
Hutchins, Abner Taylor, Henry or Mary
Hammond, Abner L Taylor, Mary (widow)
Haugerbook, Caroline W
Hobby, Jonathan C A White, James
Handey, Joseph E Watson. Anna J
House, John Watts, Beau.ort T
Harrison, Mary Walker, Tandy
Hussey, Shields L Watkins, Zedekiah
J White, Hannah
Jones, Mary Ann Wood, James R 2
Johnson, Thomas, 7 Watts, William
Jumper, Tenah Williams, John
K Walker, Gearge, Superin
Killingsworth, Martha E tendent Public Works
Kaigler, John G Woodward, Isom
BENJAMIN RAWLS, P. M.
May 6 18 3t
T
up
General Orders i\o*I 1.
Head Quarters, ?
Columbia, March 4th, 1837. J
IHE Militia of this State will parade by Regi
* ments lor drill, review and inspection and the
Officers and Sergeants will encamp by Brigades at
the times and place following, viz :
The 14th Regiment of Infantry at Orangeburg C.
House, on Thursday the 6th April next.
The Officers and Sergeants of ihe 4th Brigade
eacMopox- Woodstock on Monday the 10th of
April.
The 16th and 17th Regiments of Infantry, and
Charleston Battalion of Artillery will parade on the
Charleston race fie d, for drill and review on Satur
day the 15th of April.
The 18th Regiment of Infantry at its regimental
parade ground, on Wednesday the 19th of April.
The 19th Regiment of Infantry at its regimental
parade ground, on Saturday the 22nd of April.
The Officers and Sergeants of the 8th Brigade
will encamp at such place as the Brigadier General
may select, and report to the Commander-in-Chief,
on Monday the 24th of April.
The 33rd Regiment of Infantry will "parade for
drill, review and inspection at Conwayboroogh on
Monday the 1st of May next.
The 32nd Regiment of Infantry at Marion Court
House on Wednesday the 3rd of May
The 31st Regiment of Infantry at Black Mingo, on
Saturday the 6th of May.
The 13th Regiment oflnfantry at Walterborough,
on Wednesday the 10th of May.
The 12th Regiment of Infantry at Coosawhatchie
on Saturday the 13th of May.
The Officers and Serseants of the 3rd Brigade
will encamp at Barnwell Court House, on Monday
the 15th of May.
The 43rd Regiment of Infantry will parade for
drill and review at Beaulord's Bridge, on Monday
the 22nd of May.
The 11th Regiment of Infantry at Ashley's on
Wednesday the 24th of May.
The 7rh Regiment of In antry at the Old Wells,
on Saturday the 27th of May.
The Officers and Sergeants of the 2nd Brigade I
will encamp at such place as the Brigadier General
may select and report to the Commander-in-Chief,
on Monday the 2ith of May.
The 10th Regiment of Infantry will parado fGr
drill and review at Richardson's on Tuesday the
6th of June next. J
The yth Regiisfem 0f Infantry at 0n S?>t,
toe luth of June
The 6l h Regiment of Infantry at Lomax\ on Tues
day the 13th of June.
The 8th Regiment of Infantry at Morrow's old
I field, on Thursday the 15th June.
j The Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers of
! all the Kegiments, except those of the 16th, 17ih,
I 33rd, 43rd, and 10th, Regimer.iS of Infantry, and the
j Charleston Battalion of Artillery will assemble for
drill and mstruction on the day previous to their
I respective reviews. The Cavalry not otherwise
! ordered will parade by Troops or Squadrons with
, the Infantry Regiments rrost convenient for them.
Major Generals ami Brigadier Generals with their
' respective Staffs will attend /he reviews within
I their rest ective commands.
; The Brigadier Generals are especially charged
! with the extension of so mnch of this Order as re
I latesto their own Brigades, to their respective com
; mands.
Compl< te returns of the Militia of each Brigade,
| including both effectives and non-effectives, and pnr
! ticularly specifying the quantity and kind of public
| arms in use, will he made by the Brigadier Generals
; to the Adjutant and Inspector General, before 1st of
j October next.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief.
JAMES JONES,
Adjutant and Inspector General. I
, March 13, 1837 ' [C 6t] 6
! . - ?
Southern Tonic.
THE success of the Soulkem Tonic is unprece
dented. It has been anxiously soaeht alter by
j all classes in every part of the United States, and its
j widely extended distribution has been owing to the
! many requests received trom every section of the
j South and South West. Although it originated in <?n
! obscure part of the country but a few years since, it
j is now found in all the principal towns and villages
in the Union, and its virtues as a Cure for Ague and
i Fever, and as a. general Tonic are appreciated by all
j who "have used it. Beinj as it pro. esses a compound
j of Southern Vegetables , it is needless to offer rbe as
j surance that there is no Arsenic, Mercury, nor any
thing in the least hurtful to the human constitution in
I it. It will be found a valuable Medicine in all cases
of Dyspepsia and disorganised Stomach and Bowels',
; and i atients convalescing fr?>m Billions Fever, will
I derive the most important benefits from the use of
I the Southern Tome. It may be administered to
children and infants of the most tender age, with
the utmost safety. Prepared by Coster & Coxe at
their Laboratory, at Montgomery, Alabama.
For sale by their appointed agent.
D. & J. ? WaKT, & CO., Columbia. S. C.
April 22nd 16
COMMERCIAL BAN K? Checks for Sale, on
Mobile, Alabama.
March 4 9
THE WIND.
The wind has a language, I wonld J could learn !
Sometimes 'tis soothing, and sometimes 'lis stern,
: ? Sometimes it romes like a low sweet song,
j And all things grow calm, as the sound floats aloDg,
I And the forest is lulled by the dreamy strain,
! Anil slumber sinks down on the wandering main,
j And its crystal arms are folded in rest,
And the tall ship sleeps on its heaving breast.
Sometimes when autumn grows yellow and sere,
And the sud clouds weep lor the dying year.
It comes like a wizzard, and mutters its spell,
? I would i hat the magi cal tones 1 might tell ?
And it beckons the leaves with its viewless hand,
And thev leap from their branches at its command,
And follow its footsteps with wheeling feet,
Like fairies that dance in the moonlight sweet.
Sometimes it comes in the wintry night,
And I hear the flap of its pinions of might,
And I see the flash of its withering eye,
As it looks from the thonder-cloud sailing on hjgh^
And pauses to gather its fearful breuiii,
And lifts up its voice like the angel of death ? - *
And the billows leap up when the summons they
hear
And the ship flies away, as if winged with fear,
And the uncouth creatures that dwell in the deep,
' Start up at the sound from their floating sleep,
j Ai d career through the water, like clouds through
the night,
To share in the tumult their joy and delight,
And when ihe moon rises, the ship is no more,
Its joys and its sorrows are vanished and o'er,
And the fierce storm that slew it has jaded away,
Like the dark dream that flies from the light of the
day.
The Improvisatricc.
TRAGICAL SCENE.
Wc witnessed the inost tragical scene at
Yancy Superior Court, that has ever been
acted in any court in North Carolina. I^Jie
facts were as follows : About two years since
a man by the name of John Wilson, married
Elizabeth Rey of that county. They lived
together about seven weeks when some dis
turbance took place which caused their sepa
ration. Six months ago the husband filed a
petition for divorce, setting forth various
causes ? declaring that he was young and
inexperienced wtien he married her, and was
nut acquainted with her true character, that
her conduct during the time they lived togeth
er, was insupportable, and by him could not be
endured. She answered, that they were
raised in the same neighborhood, and had
known each other from their infancy up ;
that he knew her character and circumstan
ces in life perfectly well when he married her,
and had taken her with his eves oj en to all
her frailties : she positively denied ever hav
ing been guilty of any misconduct, during
the time they lived together, but that she
acted towards him the part of an affectionate
wife. She farther asserted that when he was
about to leave her, he made no charges against
her, but gave as his reason for separation, that
he did not nor had he ever loved her; that
his friends had induced him to marry her
merely for her property, and that he had ascer
tained he cotdd not enjoy life with a woman
i>$ did not love.
At the. last court an issue wa? made
submitted to a Jury. The petition and an
swer having been read, evidence was then
introduced which proved decidedly in favor of
the petitioner. On the part of tne plaintiff
the case was submitted without any argument,
but the counsel for the defendant resisted
the divorce by a long and feeling speech, in
which he alluded to the solemnity of the mar
riage vow, the mutual duties it imposed on
the parties, and the want of sufficient cause in
that case to dissolve the bonds of matrimony.
During this investigation the parties were
both in court. The husband was apparently
young and simple, and in fact a mere boy, and
there was nothing in the least prepossessing
in his appearance. The wife seemed some
thing older and altogether the superior. She
is a fine looking woman, with dark hair, black
eyes and very expressive face; she manifest
ed great interest in the trial.
The Jury after retiring a few moments*
returned a verdict for the plaintiff. The
parties were still in their seats behind the bar,
some six or eight feet distant from <?ach J
other, the wife asked a gentleman by whom j
she was setting for his knife as if to trim her |
finger nails ; slm felr. of the edge, ros.1 to her I
feet, paused a moment turned jjaie, her ev^*
flashed fire, arwj she suddenly ;pranff forward j
the drawn ftni^ an(j aimed at her hus
band a ^cadlv blow. But fortunately, a lady
who was standing by saw hor get the knife,
and perceived from hefcounten<?nce that she
was meditating something of a desperate
character, and watched li^r until she saw the
blow aimed at the throat of the unsuspecting
husband, she instantly seized the arm of the
infuriated wife and diverted the weapon from
the object at which it was aimed ; but deter
mined on her hellish purpose, she threw the
knife with great violence at her husband and
turning, made a most furious attack on her
whose hand had arrested the blow and thwart
ed the wicked design. The court ordered
her into custody ; she was arrested and born
out of the court, making the most wiid antj
frantic exclamations? calling to her husband
| in the most tender and passionate linguage,
and seemed to be entirely deranged.
Her conduct was strange and unaccounta
ble, but all who witnessed the scene tgree
that she must have loved h T husband. She
had listened attentively to the investigation
of the whole matter, heard the pathetic speech
of her counsel, and then the verdict of the
Jury pronouncing their final separation ; she
felt that she loved him above all others, and
the idea that he was then at liberty to marry
again (for that was said to be his object) was
more than she could endure. Her heart was
devoted to him, and sooner than see his
pledged to another she would see him die, and
that^oo by her own hand, in the presence ot
the court and the multitude that surrounded
her. Of the consequences to herself she
never thought, nor for them car. d ; they could
not have been greater than death, and no doubt
she felt at that moment that she would gladly
take refuge in the arms of death. She re
maiued in jail until the next morning, when
she was brought before the court, and after
being severely reprimanded, was sentenced to
five days imprisonment, for contempt to the
court and r? quired to give bond and security
for her good behaviour for the next twelve
months. ? Rutherfordton , jV. C. Gaz.
Indian Jugglers. ? A man who in 1828,
seated himself in the air, without any apparent
support, excited as much interest and curi
osity as the automaton chess-player who
astonished all Europe a few years ago; draw
ings were exhibited in all the Indian papers,
j and various conjectures formed respecting the
secret of his art, but no very satisfactory dis
covery was made of the means by which he
effected an apparent imposs bility. The bodies
of the Madias jugglers are so lithe and supple,
as to resemble those of serpents rather than
men. An artist of this kind will place a lad
der upright on the ground, and wind himself
in and out through the lungs until he reaches
the top, descending in the same manner,
keeping the ladder, which has no support
whatever, in a perpendicular position, bome
of the most accomplished tumblers will spring
over an enormous eleplrant, or fiv? camels
placed abreast; and in rope dancing thry are
not to be outdone by any of the wonders of
the Saddler's Wells. Swallowing the sword
is a common operation, even by those who
are not considered t lie most expert; and they
various other exploits with naked wea?
of a most frightful nature. A woman
"IBBMires are q<i t'j equal to men in these
kind t?f feats) will dip Hie point of a sword in
some black pigment; the hilt is then fixed firmly
in the ground, and after a few whirls in the
air, the artist takes off a portion of the pig
ment with her eye lid. A sword and four
daggers are placed in the ground, with their
eo??? and points upwards, at such a distance
from each other as admit of a man's head
between them; the operator thert plants a
scimitar firmly in the ground sits down behind
it, and at a bound throws himself over the
scimitar pitching his head exactly in the centre
between the daggers, nnd turning over, clears
them and the sword. Walking over the naked
edges of sabres seem-: to be yet perfectly easy;
and some of these p: ople will stick a sword
in the ground, and step upon the point in
crossing over it. A more agreeable dis day
of the lightness and activity, which would
enable the performers to tread over flowers
without bending th^m, is shown upon a piece
or thin linen cloth stretched out slightly in
l he hands of 4 persons, which is traversed
without rufflmg it, or forcing it from the grasp
of the holders. The lifting of heavy -weights
with the eye lids is another very disgusting
exhibition. Some of the optical deceptions
are exceedingly curious, and enquirers are
till this day puzzled to guess how plants and
flowers can be instantaneously produced from
seeds.? Miss Robert's Hindoslon.
Average Income of English Landowners. ?
Estates vary (according to the statement of
Mr, M'Culloch, in his late satistical work)
exceedingly in size and , value in most parts
of England. The largest estate in the kingdom
may be worth ?100,000, or upwards, a year;
and there are estates of most inferior degrees
of magnitude down to the annual value of 40s.
In some Count es properly is ^m ore, and in
others less subdivided. In Cheshire, the
East Rid.ng of the county of Yorkshire; one !
or two other counties, there are comparatively
few small proprietors; but the latter predomin
ate in most._parts of the west of Eiruland, in
the and generally throughout tne cotin- .
fry. xfte whole, we belreveit -may be safe- j
5? affirmed that by far the largest portion of
^ke kingdom is parcelled into properties of
less than ? 1, 000 a year. It is not difficult to
account for the prevalent misconceptions on
I his point. Though few in number, the pwners
of large estates engross the attention pf com
mon observers, and hinder them from fixing
their eyes on the mass of obscure petty, land
owners that constitute the great bulk of the
class. Dr. Beeke whose authority as to ?uch
matters is deservedly high, estimated the total
number of proprietors in England and Wales
at 200.000; and supposing the gross rental of
the kingdom to be 3*2,000,000 a year, the
average annual income- of each, in his capa
city of landlord, will be only ?150; and see
ing that a few have much more, it follows that
many must have a good deal leas. Hence it
is that few lead a more labo-iou^ li c or
are more under the necessity of abstain
ing from luxurious indulgences, thani the
owners and occupiers of small landed! pro
perties. Nothing in fact, can be a greater
mistake than to suppose as is genej-ally^co;
that the landowners are an extre^fy opulent
and an extremely indok,It body. These may
be the ch^.rtcteristics of a few individuals
amongst them; but it would be quite as wide
from The mark to affirm that they are gener
ally app'icable to the entire class, as that
they are generally applicable to the classes of
manufacturers and traders.
Skinning Cats alive.? Yesterday, James
Bitterwerth, an ill-looking fellow, was brought
before Mr. Trail, charged with skinning a
a treat number of eats alive, for the purpose
of supplying the furriers. The office was
thronged, particularly with old ladies, who had
been deprived of their favorite tabbies, the
skins of which were intended to be converted
into saleable articles.
It appeared from the evidence of a boy
named ^hipps, that tlw prisoner was seen
leaving his house, East street, Lambeth, with
a hamper, which being by accident overturned,
and the lid coming opena displayed a quantity
of cats (living) but, okinless, which the prison
er, after threatening to punish the eve of the
lad for his curiosity, proceeded to shoot into a
corner of a field behind ship-lane. I he num
ber there deposited amounted to twenty five.
The facts being fully proved, the Magistrates
inflicted a fine of 10/ and in default of pay
ment, four months imprisonment in the House
of correction and hard labor. ? London Sun.
Melancholy Casually.? Three individuals,
Chas. Montagues James Gaffney, his step
son, and Philip Collins, plaisterersby trade,
were unfortunately capsized and drowned, on
Wednesday last, while on a sailing excursion,
off Edisto Is and. Their bodies were picked
upon the following Friday, near Jonn's Island,
and interred. They had resided for some time
in this citv, and were employed in working on
Edisto Island. We learn that Montague
has left a wife and four children to lament the
catastrophe, which consigned him and his com
panions to an untimely grave. The above in
formation was derived from a negro, who states
that he assist, d in the interment.^- Courier.
[From the Chicago Commercial Advertiser .]
We learn from a gentleman, James Kinzie,
E-q, of this city, who has just ascended the
Illinois, riverf tnat a most melancholy occur
rence took place on Saturday, the 18th inst,
about five miles from its mouth, where, through
the obstinacy of the captains of two steam
boats, one of their boats was sunk, and the
lives of all the deck passengers, amounting to
more than twenty, lost, and the freight and
baggage entirely destroyed.
[ The coplam of the Wisconsin, which was1
j then ascending the river, had repeatedly ?tat
! ed, thut if he should meet the Tiskilway, and
J her captain would not give him a clear chan
i nel, he should run her doam. This, it seem
j ed, provoked the captain of tho other hoar,
j and he became as obstinately determined not
i to turn out of his course. Doth boats met
about 5 o'clock in the morning, at a time
when all the passengers were in bed ; and
j steered directly for each otJier till within only
a few rods, when the captain of tho Tiskilwa
endeavored, but too late to avoid the concus
sion, and turning a little out of the course thus
gave a fair broadside to the ascending boat,
which took her just behind the wheel, and
she sunk in less than three minutes after she
was struck. The first notice of their extreme
danger, which the cabin passengers received,
was the screams of those below, who were
drowning, and without even tim^to put on
their clothes; ttiey merely escaped by jumping
through the winuows of the cabin, which, for
tunately for them, had been completely eepe
rated from the sinking boat by the shock.
Mr. and Mrs. Garret, and Mrs. Pomeroy,
of t his city, were among the cabin passengers,
and were saved.
The captain of the Wisconsin is stated to
have ac'.ed, even to the ladies, in a most brutal
manner, having put them ashore barefooted,
ai more than a mile and a half from any
habitation, and with nothing but their night
clothes on. Report says that the men were
even worse treated, as he endeavored to
prevent their getting on board the Wisconsin
ut all.
A large sum of money beionging to one of
the iadies named, had been recovered sub
sequently, from the ladies' cabin ; and one
gentleman was fortunate enough to find his
coat floating on the river, with his money,
amounting to about ?4000, in the pocket.
From the Alton Observer.
BEET SUGAR.
The following wry interesting letter on
this subject has been handed to us for publica
tion by the gentleman to whom it was
addressed. M r. Child went to Europe under
the auspices of a company consisting or
Messrs. B. Godfrey, W. S. Gilman, Dr. B.
F. Edwards, Geo. Kimball, and other citi
zens of this State. The object of the compa
ny, as we understand, is to introduce, if
practicable, the culture of the sugar beet, and
iis manufacture, into Illinois. Mr. C. is
himself connected with the company, and his
gone to France for the purpose of acquiring
buch information as will be necessary and
useful for their future operations. His letter
will doubtless attract the attention of all our
readers.
P. S. Since the above was written we have
been informed that the company above refer
red to has heen inct rporated for the purpose
of manufacturing sugar from the beet*.oU from
the poppy, and thecultore of silk. The capital
of the company is $200,000 with the privilege
of holding real estate to a certain extent.
We trust they will, in western phrase) "g?
ahead."
Arras, Jan. 9th 1837.
Dear Friends, ? ? have now been one
month an observer or laborer in a sugar
maufactory, and have made short visits to
several others. The beet sugar business
taken in all its branches and bearings, is in
teresting beyond my expectations ; but to the
mere manufacturer I doubt whether it is as
profitable as Pedder's report would lesd one
to suppose.
In the first place the beets do not yield, On
an average, more than five per cent of sugar.
They may yield more when first dug and be
fore they have begun to sprout, but* J am sat
isfied that s*x per cent is the utmost that can
be calculated upon under the roost favorable
Circumstances. The beets, dter being gath
ered together in heaps and covered with earth
'o preserve them from frost, soon begin to
sprout. By the middle of December this
season, which had b *en warmer than usual,
they had put forth considerable. Various ex
pedients have been employed to prevent the
heat, which is generated in the heaps, and
gives rise to this, but none of them have as
yet completely succeeded. This shows the
importance of on early sowing and an early
commencement of working up tho crop.
Here the seed is sown in the first (Uys of May.
In Illinois, I should suppose i! might be sown
as early. The working up of the crop ought
to commence before it has attained its utmost
growth, say in the last days of August or the
firet of September at farthest .Shere will
then be seven months for the manufacture, and
in most of those months laborers have little
employment, and may be hired fof jcomparr
tiv'eiy small wages. J ' * . ^
The quality of the sugar earliest made is
best, as weil as the yield the^reatest. In tact
a email quantity of the first product of the
[ season is all the best sugar I have met with
ttiaf appeared to be fit to use without refining.
In France very little except refined sugar is
used, or had been for a long time befo-e beet
sugar was introduced. The meanest cantines,
(l.qi.or shops,) and the poorest families, use
constantly and exclusively refined sugar. To
this circumstance I attribute the fact that a
certain bitter taste, generally belonging to
the brown sugar of beets, has not been much
mentioned here, and not known at all in the
United States. It would probably be thought
?f areat importance there. People are not
agreed about it here. Some maintain that
the brown .sugar may be made at all times of
such quality as to admit of universal use, and
j that in point of fact it is used to a considera
! ble extent already. Others have told me that
neither the brown nor refined sugar of the
beet is equal to that of the cane. I feel able
myself to contradict the latter assertion. I
have us?d the beet su^ar constantly tince I
arrived m France, and 1 can perceive no diffe
rence in flavor or quantity of saccharine bi
tween it and the sugar of cane. If tnere be
any difference, it consists in a certain brilliant
whiteness, which beet sugar seems to me to
possess in a degree superior to most of the
colonial sugar. I have good authority for
saying that the French Custom House, though
many tests have been applied, find it impossi
ble to distinguish satisfactorily between the
two. The reason why they seek to do so is
that a drawback is payable on the exportation
of refined sugar of the coianies. The refiners
offer beet sugar for the drawback, and obtain
it, notwithstanding that great vigilence is ex
orcired upon the subject.
^ J[ot\8eo* therefore, that this sugar in 9,
refined state present no such difficulty as it
does when raw. I have mentioned that diffi
culty, not because it weighs much in my mind,
but because.' I think it probable that m the
United States, where the consumption of
brown sugar is great, considerable disappoint
ment will bo felt when tbf true character of
that beet cu.-nes to be known. That charac
ter will undoubtodly be improved, especially
in a country where the habits of the people
demand a great deal of raw sugar. Tha
beets will be better preserved, the machinery
perfected, and the selection of seeds and soils
made with more intelligence and care. I
have before me a specimen of the brown
sugar of the beet, as full of saccharine and as
free from any bad taste as anv cane sqgar I
ever saw, andiar more beautiful in its appear*
ancc. It is like a rich yellowish New Orleans
br.?wn, that I have occasionally seen in the
Amcncan markets, only a shade whiter. , I
have also a specimen of c/gynfrbfflj sugar, of
a pure whiteness, and free from sO ill flavor.
While, therefore, 1 state the general objection
to the brown sugar ef beets, I also aay that, *
in a well provided and well conducted sugar
manufactory from beats just dug, or very well
preserved, brown sugar can be made as food,
in every respect, as any from the cane^and
far more beautiful and attractive in appearance.
The refining of sugar is not, is any instance t
known to rne, connected with the manufactu
ring of it. I see no reason why they siiouk!
be thought incompatiblercspecially as I am
told that the same steam-engine would serve
for both ; and also for a third object, which 1
had not heard of until 1 came here, via i the
distillation of the refuse molasses into aleehok.
This is not yet used for drinking, though 1
think it probable it will be converted to that
use, but for making varnish, and other appli
cations to the arts. This method ot tUiliting
the molasses after two or three depositee of
sugar, is beginning to attract great attention
among the sugar manufacturers. *
The value of steam in the various opera
tions.?.! heating and evaporating, whether x?
the manufactory or refining of sugar, can nor
be overrated. The superior economy of it +
although the first outlay fe greater, cannot bo
questioned. It requires leas fuel and fewer
hands, and in point of neatness, convenw
ence and dispatch, admit# of no compari
son with any other agent, A method of dis~
tilling by steara has been discovered 49$
patented in Belg una, which is simMo peasese
the same character of auperioftty over the
common process by furnaces, as the use oT
st am in sugar manufacturing and refining.
I have paid some attention to refining, and :
I think, when I return to America, _ I shalt
bring all the secret, about which L******* and*
his friend ****** made so much adot and ot
which the former claimed to be the diecfiygny.*
I guess there was nothing but what Pedder'
got in England and France.-1 The fact as that?
the iritroduct ion and rapi^improvementof tbo
beet sugar manufacture in France, have
gtte^prcfr an impulse* to invention and tw*
chemical resesreb, that jt tf morally impossible
for a single year to pa* - withe* bnogii^
forth 6ometbing.new and valuable io the
of makingend refining sugsr. l$m informed^
since my Arrival here, that a great discovery
has recently been made by a Frenchman in
Urazil, who has lately retured to France and4
hatented it. It consists in making and sefn*
ing sugar by one operation . . Titers are aa* *
many systems of sugar making here as there -
are sects of Christians in America. A near -
one is lately introduced, which is supposed to
be superior to-all others. It is my intention,
to examine all, before I give a preference to '
any. I
The most intorestmg aspect of the beet -
sugar business is its bearing upon agriculture
and rural economy. , , - I
1. It enriches the land, both ssan excellent ,
substitute for fallowing, and as producing an*
immense quantity of capital manure.
2. It has the latter effect in various ways*,
but principally by feeding a large number of
cattle and sheep. The former are* fattened;
in three to three and a hslf months in a *
manner really saperb. 80 fine specimens of
beef-creatures are seldom seen tn-ttoe United*
States, after six months of the beat peetnrig;
and stall-feeding. The sheep are fattened' it*
six weeks. At the manufactory where I have
been, they pay on an average about six- loui*
for cattle, aod sell them for about eleven. A
louis is about $4 37. I suppose that thia
branch of the business would be quite aa ,
lucrative in the United States, Where stock
animals may be booght somewhat cheaper.?
This, you see, is doubling capital three times
a year, with the help however, of the pulp or
purnice of the beet. This can be kept good
anv desirable length of lime. It is sold here
at 10 cents the cwt^
3. The profit of raising- -the beets is ver y
great, according to estimates which I have
from the most intelligent sources. I do not
find it so hgh hs Mr. Pedder did'. My datai
make the net gain in France, after paying
rent, ploughing, weeding, hoeing, digging, ano
preserving, 404 francs per hectare. Thra- ,
measure is a trifle over two English acre** \
Consequently the profit of cultivating beet*
on an acre will be 202 francs, about 93&* Can
you wonder that land I. as risen from 5ft to 150 g
per cent, in the districts of the sugar manu
factories ? The wages of labor fbr cultiva^ *
ting and manufacturing the produce of a
hectire amount to 856 81. This would give
for a 100 acres $2840, nearly : and for 400, ?
which would be the qauntify required for" the
largest establishments $11,830, to say nothing
of the profits of the proprietor or lease- holder*
when he and the laborer are one and the
same. In this case, besides getting pay for
his labor, and the rent or interest of his fand,
he would receive $18 profit per acTe. Wages
will be higher in America, and the "profits of
the laborer and proprietor still more encoer
aging. In one manufactory which f Visited,
two-thirds of the hands weft women, who are
paid n.uch less than men, but there is no rea
son why it should be sp ; for they do just aa
much work and jost at&Well is men. They
do the principal part of the weeding and dress*
tug of the crop every where. . \
The company ought to send out their orders
and funds for purchasing seethjreUy soon af*
' ter the receipt of this letter.^The price her#
is stated at thirteen cents per pound, but the .
general price for the season is not yet ftxe<L
It is usually as regular as that of whea^tnd \
1 presume will settle down at something Jeslj
than the above. Tfce transportation to Dun* j
kirk, a con veniet# place for em^arkation^WouJd 1