The Carolina Spartan. (Spartanburg, S.C.) 1852-1896, September 26, 1861, Image 2
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?H? ?urolina Spartan.
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Thwrwelay, Mwpte tuber 26, 1K61.
rumiuunlcallunM.
We Iimo rccei\e<l Card* from Geu. B. F. Built i
and Mr. Samue^ Spake in reply to Mr. W. C. '
ttoesett, bat owing to our went of force, too
late for publication in this issue. They will
Vpetr next week.
We have aleo a coinmunioatlon from Lt. Col.
B. B. Footer, in Virginia, addressed to the 45th
Rttjment S. C. Militia, the publication of which |
wh am. compelled to delay, for (he aame reason.
We arc likewise compelled to postpone an
iniereeting letter, from our correspondent L.
descriptive pf (he fight on the 18th iuat., on
tho bankb of the Potomac, in which the noble
Fifth noted a conspicuous part. We publish it
next week.
Concert*
We were deprived of (lie pleasure, by indisposition,
of attending the Concert on Mon- ,
day night, given for the benefit of the soldiers.
W*(ure glad to hear that it was a perfect success?the
proceeds amounting we hear to
about $160. For further particulars read the
A following communication:
For the Spartan.
' Our Village woe agreeably enlivened last
evening with a Concert, gotten up by several of
the young ladies and gentlemen of thie place,
for therelief of our br tv? an 1 gallant soldiers.
Too much ored t cannot be awarded to the performtrt
in the beutiful and artistic taste displayed
throughout the whole. The viol end instu
mental pieces were most admirably selected,
each performing the part assigned with graceful
esse and skill. The prettily embowered
flevecn in front of the stage, added much to the
loveliness of the fair nymphs as they flitted to
and fro. The modesty and unaffected demean
or of :h?* young ladies exoit.d much admiration,
each one seemed to feel the noble and holy oause
in which she was engaged, and for-gctting self,
threw her whole soul into her performance,
thereby imparting an air of inod tst ease and
grace well calculated to inspire the audience.
Many Untitles are due the accomplished Profes
sor. iMi- I'.iILl umlor whom unorintemlonoo
t io v ooccrt was conducted; hisdignified beari
if, and soft, soul stirring notes on the piano
added much to the " tclat" of the evening.
Tuesd ij, Sept. 24,1861. * * *
Acknowledgements.
Mrs. Jcfferton Choice gratefully ackuowU
?lges the reception of $10, from Mr. W.
Thomson; and of contributions from Mrs. W.
West. Mrs. Matthew Moore, Mrs. Payton Ballinger,
Mrs. R. Smith, Mrs. 0. E. Edwards,
Mrs. M. 0. Miller, Mrs. Hendorton, Mrs. N.
P. Walker, Mrs. R. C. Springs, Mrs. J. M.
Elford, Mrs. Houghaton, Mrs. J. P. Smith,
Miss Lizzie Morgau, MissM. Wynne, Miss A.
Wynne, Miss Fannie Bailinger, Miss Betsy
Wright, Mrs. Wilson and Mrs. Oarrelt.
^ Military Organizations.
Judging from all the indications of the Nor hern
press, it is apparent that no effort will be
pared to effect our subluxation. If the roichtv
ratios of which thejr loudly boost cannot offset
result so desirable if armaments and
..flotillas cannot avail-if rewards and promises
applied to whiles in Southern employment,
eimpose not the end, singly and unaided then,
insidious influences, through spies and dislova'
chitons, are to be exerted upon our colored
p 'pnlation, at the sacrifice of our homes, families
and friends.
No people ore now so desperate as the North,
none more unscrupulous, as to means. We deal
with a treacherous foe; one whoso sense of
tuner in this war, ia as obtuse as his conscience.
Flames, sword, poisons, by their own hands,
or through your contented domestics, will all
bo used. Lot us flatter not ourselves that
there is no danger. We know not who are in
our midst, that may enter into the heart of
our Blackamoora, and there drop a motive
that shall fester into deeds of violence.
Wc know not what a tide of influences msy
pour in from disaffected sections in adjoining
Mates, or through persons who wear the badge
of loyalty, but, in the heart, lodge secret motives
of enmity, ready at any time to burst
forth in a broad and extended devastation.
80 far as we are able to dec:de just now, the
prospect of internal dangers does not seem
So be imminent. While the surface looks
calm wc know not what under currents mar
flow, which, by their gathering heat and intensity,
will agitate society from its base to its
ca;> stone Is it not our duty then, tc anticipate
danger anl guard against it? If the sky is
e'.ear, bright and lovely, to day, we know that
at some time or other it will be overcast with
aloud and in its bosom the deep thunder will
mutter, and the live lightning flash in playful
r--i u'ltl. - .i..... 1 .1 l. -1 1
nwiuiiiuso. " miic ?iuuud*iiu uuuiuugui ui auu
unseen avenues of approach exist to the colored
classes, let us be on the alert. Let no susoicioua
person paas without a rigid examination
let no utterances of doubtful loyalty go
unexamined?let no trades man or salesman
no matter what may be the character of his
wares, hailing -from any disaffected section
of the country, or from any of the United
States, pass without requiring the fulle?t evidences
that his representations as to himself
and business, are clearly genuine.
To do this, let committees be formed voluntarily,
if not by nutbority, whose duty it shall
he to gather up items and report to our local or
State authorities, as the case may be, all persons,
whether transient or local, who, by act
or speech, render themselves obnoxious to the
chargo of disloyalty. To secure another safeguard
against surprises or subitaneous mischief,
let each roan signify his willingness to
organise upon it siici military basis by subscribing
his name upon lists, duplicates of
whioli should be left at each of the Printing
Offices in town. After a sufficient number is
obiajj^ed, let the companies be organised by
tho election of officers, whose duty it shall be
to drill the respective organizations thrice a
w?-ek, if not oftener, one hour in the afternoon.
To give (he mattor more importance, let each
h )tt?o of business, during the hour of drill be
cV-sed. and every man present himself, armed
with enoh private arms as he may possess, in
the shape of guns. In these military oompau
ies, all who are capable of bearing arms will
be admitted. Thus orgndized and prepared
for resistance and attack, we may be potent to
i strike whenever our aafatv demand* or riiirv
require* it.
Reaolntlon of Thank*.
At a meeting of tha young ladiea, It waa
unanimously
li *vlotd, That their thnnkt he tendered to
^ rrofeeeor Falk. Dr. lieiniteli, Dr. Kuaeell end
BhMMkn|A^|^trcordi?l co operation and valuConceit
for the ban
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TWW I ^FF?????
A C'acd.
Camp Johiiiok, September 14th., 1861.
At a meeting of the Forest Hittcs, he'd on
their parade ground, the follow injr;4rpaolutionB
lf?re uuuniinmiilv ^iltmlAtl '
Resolved, That tlte thank# ofthe Soldiers Aid
and Relief Association, 'end ale i the ladies of
the town of Spartanburg, for their liberal donation*
of blankets. testaments, tracts, Sc., wuicb
have contributed so inurb to our conitort and
welfare, end for the prompt manner in which
hey hrire help d in making our liuitoru-e.
Resolved, That we will erer cherish the warmest
reelings of gratitude toward the kind ones
who bare thua remembered us.
Resolved, That the foregoing be published
in both of thw papers of the town of Spartanburg.
D. R. DUNCAN, Chairman.
A. W. Walks*, Secretary.
Lioutwood Knot Srautos, 1
Camp Johnson, Sept. 14, 1861. f
At a company meeting of the Iron Diatriot
Volunteers, held at thia place, September 14,
the following resolutions were unanimously
adopted:
Resolved, That we return our sincere thanks
to the citizens in the vicinity of Mr. Henry R.
Murph's for the splendid supper given to the
Iroa District Volunteers, the night previous
to their departure fbr the cainp, and for a large
quantity of provisions furnished by the many
kind citizens in that naigliborhood.
Resolved, That we will ever retain a grateful
recollection of the pleasures experienced on
that evening, and of the kindness thus manifested
towards us.
Reevoltd, Thst the thanks of this company
be returned to those citizens who so liberally
contributed money for the benefit of our company.
Resolved, That tbie imperfect and delayed
expression of thanks be sent to the papers of
Spartanburg, with the request that they give
them an insertion in their papers.
A. K. SMITH. Chairman.
P M. TRIMM1KR, Secretary.
Death Dr 8. Kin ft Gibson.
Another name hoe been added to the list of
our lamented dead. Dr. 9. King Gibson. a
member of the Butler Guards, died at Farfax,
Va., of typhoid fever on the 2d Inst. Ilia re
mains were brought home and were interred at
Milford on Sunday before last. The Doctor
waa a young man. and hod but a short while
previous to volunteering commenced tho practice
of medicine. By attention and skill he
was fast gaining the confidence of the people,
and making for himself a name in his profession
In Virginia he won the esteem of his
comrades by his very kind attentions to the
sick and his goodness of heart. It was while
ministering to his stek comrades that he look
the fever of which he died. With his bereaved
family are our heartfelt sympathies ?Enterp<
i*t.
Rebel Ilanb.
A correspondent of the Foul hern Patrioi
writes from Flint Hill, Yu., August 30tb. sayt
a belter spirit seems to pervade the e imp than
formerly?every body seems to be contented
and happy?the sick arc improving?experr
ence in the cooking department has created i
great prejudice against flop jack* and belliyer
ant tovp and rebel hath ta now all the rage
for green corn aud Irish potatoes are nbun
dant.
Woman.
Below is a lovely picture of woman as a min
isteriug augel, as drawn by the graphic pen o
an able correspondent of the i harleston Courier
ovar their signature of "Personne." It wil
he found to bo worthy of one capable of appre
ciating the tenderness of worn in under tin
most trying circumstances :
Speaking ol nurses, I cannot forbear paying
a tribute to the nob e men and women who ar<
here in that capacity. Many of them are th<
wealthiest and moat arist cratic citizens of th<
neighborhood, while others represent nearly
every State in ti e Southern Confederacy
While I write, 1 have in uiy minds eye one oi
these great hearted women, who seemed to car
ry iu her bosom a bottle of sunshine, whict
she uncorked at a every bedside. The palie .11
looked upon her as she moved here and then
with a kind word for one, a soothing of the
brow for another, a softening of the pillow lot
the third, and kindly catess or token of recng
nition for all, as a sort of mother, and I conk
see their eyes fondly follow her footsteps as if
while she were present they were under !?<
shadow of some protecting wing, nnd she wn
good?good in tlie largest sense of the term
Everybody around her seemed to fee) and re
cognize it the moment they cauie within hn
gentle influenco. She had that geuius of ad
ministration, which is the special province o
certain women, marked even among her help
ful sisters by a soft, low voice, a quiet footfall
a light hand, a cheerful smile, and a read;
self surrender to the objects of her care. i>b<
was neither young nor pretty, but there wai
an inviiation 111 the large blue benevolent eye
and the bright expressive face, which appcaret
to beckon you to come into her heart. 1 ehnt
never forget her as long as I live and no dotib
many a wounded man on his return home wil
likewise carry with him to the grave the memo
ry of the good woman who. without money am
without price," wm t.i him in his darkest houri
na m mother to her dearest child
Socthkhk l.s'dt's rut as a .in Sourusnx Rsil
ways.?The Washington correspondent of thi
New Vork Express says :
It is a fact not generally knewn in the North
that four filths of the poorer class of whites a
the South are clothed in homespun, either lin
cn. cotton or wntlen, or linsey woo.acy?ai
their forefathers were in the rerolution. Join
Randolph used frequently to wear it ; so die
another eccentric person?Slmcco Jones, o
North t nrolins. It is spun ami woven by tIn
negroes and " plain" white women all o\er thi
Southern States. The manufacture of tliii
style of goods has obtained a great increase
since the opening of the war. As stated re
cently in this correspondence, it is highly proh
able that peace will find the South far more ad
ranced in certain kinds of industry than at anj
previous period of her history.
Tho Southern railways, having no frieg'it t<
transport for merchants or planters, arc use*
almost exclusively for the transportation o
troops, and provisions, and munitions o
war. Being of a uniform gauge, the cara att(
locomotives of one company can be employee
by all the others. Between Montgomery anc
Manassas there is only one break, nnd that it
at Petersburg. From New Orleans to Manas
sns there is no retthipmeni ncocasary. llet woet
Boston and Washington, on the other hand
three breaks occur in the line, without count
ing the crossing the Susquehanna. The no*
Southern mil ways arn of the first cla-s, an<.
several of the old works have been relaid will
heavy iron. Distinguished engineers like La
Irohe, McNeil, Child, Croset, fillet, Mahone
Garnet and Pritohard, have been engaged foi
a quarter of a century in the construction o
these works, with the aid of the most success
ful Northern contractors.
Kentucky Pluck.
We extraot the following spirited paragraphi
from the Louisville Courier of Tuesday :
*We presu-ue there is not a Kentuckian
not base enough to be a slave, who is not get
ting hie arms in readiness for the rapidly ap
proaching conflict. And when Kontuckian
bear their red right arm in battle, their ene
tntes may well call upon the hille end tin
mountains to fall upon aud oover 'hem fron
their vengence and fury."
" Kentucky refused to flght the South whet
oallad on by Linooln's Secretary of War. Shi
will also refuse to flght her now, when oallet
on bv the Union (?) Legislature. \\ hei
ihe Legislature requires Gov. Magoffin to cat
for troops to fight Tennesaeenna, ten will go b
tbeir aid wbore one will enlist under the Lin
eln bonnet.H
-
' Oorreapoadekce ( the Spartan.
camii mkak qlkma.nt.iWN, &T11 llr.tJT. 1
8. V. V., 8*u llhiuAUK, SKIT. 10, 1H01 /
Dkak Tuimmikh :?1 liau> hut a tew moment*
to drop you u line by .Sergeant F. L At'der
on, who louvcn for homo ou furlough tor a
hurt lime. 1 ant glad to Htatc that the health
of our Kegitneul in gradually improving.?
Our friend, Cwpt. II. II. Durant, with other
fiiendg from home re-ioned our camp venter
day in good health. We, aa well an the etiiire
Regiment, were glad to meet and welcome hint
back to (be important dutiee of bia office. He
jbtingaa bountiful and liberal eupply of cloth
iug, and other article* from th# good, kind
and truly patriotio ladies and citixen* of our
District. Were we now to attempt to do justice
to th* goodness, patriotism or kindness of
the truly worthy, and ever to he remembered
ladies of the town and district of Spartanburg,
we should entirely fail, both for want ot time
or words, the one huudredth part that they so
richly merit.
On Wednesday last, the gallant Col. Stewart
inaden bold and dashing attack on the enemy
at Lewensville, about three miles troni
Chain Bridge. He had but a small force of
oavalry and infantry, and two of light artillery.
The enemy had a large force both of infautry
and cavalry, and eight pieces of artillery, completely
routiug them, nnd taking possession of
their position, killing a considerable number,
and taking some prisoners.
On Friday, he again made another gallant
attack on the enemy at Hall's Hill, about 27
miles from Arliugton, with similar success.
To day heavy cannonading lias been heard
from early morning to 12 M., in the direction
of Arlington. Large bodies of troops are now
marching past whi e I am writing. We have
iitat ra^at vnt) nrilara In Via rami v In mornli an
j*""* ? -,v ,v vm
five minutes. We are certainly and surelv on
> the ere of another great and bloody battle.
We again caat our banner to the breete, over
our sacred soil, trusting to the Great Jehovah
of Battles, to guide and direct us aright, und
to shield as from impending danger. Out*
cause ia just, and we go forth with full assurance
of the success of our army.
Two o'clock, P. M.?We have just heard
, that the firing to-day, was at Muuson's IIill.
The enemy attempted to re take it, hut failed.
Our troops, we understand, successfully and
| gallantly maintained. their position, aud re,
tains possession of the Hill. The firing ceased
about 12 M. We have not heard the particulars
or details. The cout st was pretty heavy.
I I will write you to-morrow, if possible, the
result. We have not yet this morning received
marching orders, but we know not how soon.
Yours truly, L.
t Lalettf Iron) Virginia.
i Richmond, Sept. 2d.?The Kxamiiicr. of this
, morning, publishes the following list of C d
lectors ot the war tax: For Alabama, Joseph
0. Bradley; Arkansas, Win. II. liallihttt; Florida.
E. F. Blackburn; Georgia, E. Starnes;
i Louisiana. Robert A. Lausher; Mississippi,
. John A. Handy ; North Carolina, W. K Lane;
South Carolina. W. E. Martin; Tennessee. 1.
' U. Williams: Texas, Geo. K. Durham; Virginia
Honry T. Garnctt.
It iscurient here that four hundred Fede
rals were shot recently in or near Washington
for insubordination.
Van Dorn has arrived here. He has been
f appointed a Major General.
Both the United States Senators from Mary'
land, it is reported, have been arrested and
' jailed.
The statement about the shooting of four
, hundred troops, by order of Qeu. McClellmi.
for refusing to advance on the Confederate
troops, is believed in high oHici.-tl circles here.
> and from that source the information is obtain
5 ed.
5 Nothing from the'cimps.
1 Gen. Lee's official report of the plan of ope
' rations on the ('heat Mountain frontier wa*
received at the War Department 'o day. f-mn
' which it appears that the entire plnn was disconcerted,
from t lie failure ol one of his columns
1 to attack the enoni)position on i lie m um am.
' The enemy wim defended by on alums unpen
' etrablo stockade fort. The enemy at Ch.-m I
- .Mountain had beeu reinforced by three (tiiio I
rcginicnts.
j Pamxah, Sept 17. ? Last night was one full
of excitement at this point. Twi.-c the piek
't eta around the town tired, and the wliole army
A were turned out and formed in order of bat.le.
The first alarm was caused by a sentinel shoot
ing at a si raggling soldier, the'second by shoot ing
into a matket wagon. A fugitive who was
arrested here last night from May field, reports
j. that eight thousand of (ten. Johnston's forces
are at May field and ten thoiisaud more approaching
this place.
^ Northern Estimate ok ock Aiimt. ? The
, New York Jlera'dof the l.'hh instant, gives the
following table ns u "correct siateineot ol the
' present strength and position of the rebel
( torccs, froui purely original sources, mid from
I data that we have been col ectitig for the last
five weeks." The Herald endorses it as cor'
red in every particular:
* Kebel forces before Washington, including
Beauregard s 00,000 troops. General Joseph
E. Johnston's 60,000 troops, between Chain
6 Bridge and Leesburg. Magruder's reinforcement
of 25,000 troops originally intended to 1
* cross the I'otomac at Aetpiia Creek, and the
1 last reinforcement of 26,000 men.
In all. . 100,000
1 At the numerous batteries on the
Potomac, York, Jauies, and
j. Happahannock rivers, . 15,000
' At Yorktowu, Norfolk and I'orts*
mouth, .... 40,000
8 At Fredericksburg, 60GO, Peters'
burg, 6IJU0; Brenlsville, l.oOO;
8 Culi IF pper, 8,000 ; Gordonsville,
o.OOO; Staunton, 8,000;
Covington, 2000 ; Charlottesville,
&,0O0; Lynchburg, 6,000;
' Bu-kesville, 6,000?total, 37,000 I
In Western Virginia, under Floyd
J and Lee 30,000
. Near Winchester and Strasburg, 12,into
J" Tots' 324,ooo
The troops have been furnished by tlie fol7
lowing States :
From Alabama, 30,000; from Ar'
kansas, 21,500; Iroin Florida,
4,000; from Georgia, 30 tKH);
1 from Kentucky, 10,000; from
' Louisiana, 30,000, from .Maryland.
8.000; from .Mississippi,
' 20,000; from viis-.uri, 3l),0o0;
from North < arolina, 30,OOO ;
1 from South Carolina, 20,000 ;
from Tennessee, 36,000; from
Texas, 20,000 ; from Virginia,
r 60,000.
' Total 860,000
The excess of 26,000 men arc employed in
Missouri.
llrmi'Tivn nil tmk Fintiii. Aawr ?Tin.
1 Northern papers report great dullness in the
recruiting business The New York lietuld
, i says that not more than teu men booked in
- Now York last week for general service, and
- | the regimental officers were scarcely more sue
s , eeesful. A few men enlisted in Philadelphia,
' Rochester, buffalo and Boston. The reduction
b of the army standard from five feet four and
i , a half to five feet three has not had the effect
1 which it was expected to have, of inoreasing
i the number of recruits. Every expedient and
? incentive have been in vain. The military en
i thueiasm of the North, to use a Yankee phrase,
i has ' played out."
? Billing the past week no less than four fe
male recruls have been discovered iu companies
enlisted for the wer et Cleveland
'
??????????a?
Bcvlnnlng to Learn.
Only h few week* n .o n w?* railed ' treason''
'n i?* to ileuouBW ? > uiispeikuhly stilly 'lie
?<! :? thai either half ol this touutry could
due" i. e other hall. We have luwk< d upon it,
nevertheless. thai the war must goon till the
lte]>iiMictaa leaders liiul out thai fact; or, till,
ujr swindling eoutraetn. they have nucle i ft out
(Hi- cuiiuir) iIn- In- avauuhie uoHu , nini the
witr rwiKra It) exhaustion. 'I he Inner, it u??t
the fot titer. <>t toe ?v etna <ve have thought
likely to happen, before ilie outraged anil hetrayeu
people ul the Northern htuies will have
au opportunity, by . leolion, to bnul the Republican
party Trout power?brat in the Htate
Governments, next to Congress, and finally
front what is left of the United Statu. Rut it
looka as if the more intelligent men of tlic Republicans
are beginning to learn. We are not
surprised to find (Jot. Sprague, of Rhode Is
land, who was carried away by the idea of
whipping back" the South, but who at least
behaved braeely at Bull Run, now saying that
they had made a great mistake regarding the
Soutlt adding:
' We are under the impression that they arc
lacking in all the resources which go to misc
ami maintain armies; whereas, in almost every
particular, we have found them superior to
ourselves: we have found not only the physique
of their men equal to ours, but their clothing,
their arms, their subsistence, and their
means of transportation? everything that gees
to make up military efficiency - superior to
ours."
Which, of course, gives a gloomy idea of (lie
chance of " whipping ' them on their owu scil.
But we find a leading Republican paper in
Massachusetts?the celebrated New Bedford
Mercury?making tlie following clean breast
of the " perilotiH siutr' thai tins waked it front
its slumbers. It says :
? We have made a mistnko in our estimate
of the strength of the rebels; httve we made
another in the confidence we have placed in
our own ? Is it true I lint the Smith carries
with her the sources of certs 11 failure, or shall
we not rati er be compelled to yield to Iter demitn.ig,
not as a matter merely of policy and
sell-interest, but of sheer necessity.
' Is not the struggle ussutuing new features,
aud instead of being a contest for the
preservation of the Constitution, is it not grow
iug into a war of subjugation, in which the
course first marked out by tlie Government
will be abandoned by the necessity of events?
" Is there any longer a run otinhle hope that,
after the bitter strife of Stales ami the shed
ding of frnternnl blood, the Union can ever be
restored toils former position?"
Sensible suggestions ; and we give due cr< dit
to the New Hediord M- rcury for its coitrnge in
facing the music. As we do not belong tu Abe
Lincoln's school, and are more read*' to answer
than to ask quest ions, we will lay down
some wholesome propositions to be toughtovcr
by men reluming to the use of reason in politics?
by men who are dropping their flag bud
ges, and recovering from their two hour shout
of "Great is Liana of the Epltesisns?"
Every act and every week of war is# sundering
further apart the North and South.
If the South could be " subjugated," those
States would no longer be what they were titiilor
t lie ohl (VintlilutlsH Tl,.... >...U I.. ?..W
ject province*. We want none such.
A million of soldiers can neither conquer (he
South n r hohl ii if il were conquered.
I'lie nitn ol the Aholiiionized Republicans is
to disrupt the L'nicn by this wnr, iind thus get
a country free of negro slavery.
Passion may yet he allayed, South n* well
as North, and the 1'ulon may be reconstructed
yet.
The only possible way to restore the Union
is, to have peace before too d cp wounds have
been intliete 1 on either side.
The strongest of empires, and the greatest
of p. tentnte*. have treated with rebels with
arms in their hands " It ought to be c-t?y for
a Government ol freemen. who ehiiin and guaranty
the l ight of keeping and bearing arms.
Our grandchildren will never bother their
heads about whether we, this year and the
next year, have "had our own way.''or whether
our feelings ave been gratified." It hy
any compromises we can sine the institution*
of otir country, and leave a great and free
mid happy country lor those that come ,d
ler u?. our olio duty is to do this thing ?AVic
York Fre,man's Journal
Our CU'lnliuiiS Kenlticky.
The foil wing irticlc is trom the Memphis
.1 calancht, and very forcibly present s i In* re i
sons why the Confederate troops should not he
witLtdiaw ii ironi Kentucky :
-It i.as been rumored on thestieci* il. t the
Coiiledciaie 11oops took pu-sesaiou ot lltcMiian
and Columbus contrary to t lie wish and lust rue
itoti ot President Ltavis, and tlia incy nut i>e
ordered at once to retire troth Kentucky * ii.
We give no credit to these rumors, and n-iicvc
they will prove to e unfounded. Uur nnlii.t
ry authorities, we doubt not, had inloriua
lion oi the designs ol lit enemy to arise these
important sttategetic points, winch made ii
llieir duly to occupy iliriu w.iliout foriuer dr
lay. Kccellt movements ol the led T.?is oil lue
.issisaippi ? the presence ol their gun li oils
in the vie nity ot iIichiuiiu and oluiuhus, and
the landing of a federal force o|.|,o*ile I lie lai
ter clearly unloaded such ?Je~i)?ii?
"Tii# l'oiiiri|?rnU'Si tic# iihv# recognize I and
respect tin- Sovereign right <>l Kent ucky in tit*
teriuiiie whether she would attach herself to
totlie Northern Union or I tic Southern Confederacy
?to tix her own politic.il destiny. 1'ne
liinduiiietnni principle on wliicli their assocta!
lion it tonii ied?the principle ot Voluntary
coiiti dot in ion lothtd* nny iiiterlcri lice with
i the sovereignty ol nny Siuic in determining its
poll ileal relation. .Much it# wc desire the alliance
ut Kentucky, much a# wo should regret
her sepura'ion lioui tier sitter Stairs of the
South, yet it her people deliberately choose 10
continue iheir connection with the Northern
fragment ot the old Union, ttie Confederate
States, controlled hy regard lor Siatv. sovereignty,
cannot and will not iuierfe e.
But When Kentucky b-eomes actively or
passively u party to the war against the South,
when she peritu a her territory to he used a.- a
camping ground andlngi.w ty for Lincoln's urttiies,
and the transportation of arms ami munitions
of war to he used against the South, then
it becomes the unquestionable right and bounden
duty of (itr ''ontedeiale Government to
advance force upon her soil to tcpel the invader.
It has the same rigut to invade Kentucky
at any other portion ol the enemies territory .
For months past Kentucky has been thus prostituted
to the purposes of the enemy, despite
her professed neutrality and at the instigation
of the leaders ol' the party in the maj ?rity,
which hasco itinued to control her elections and
political action.
The Confederate Government has ps
iit*n1ty imriif Willi Hum palpiMe abandonment
of Kentucky a neutrality in the hope that lier
own people would rfdr?M the grievance, until
wit h the criinual connivance of t lie popular leaders
the State mum ahout to be occupied by Lincoln's
armies for the avo > ed purpose of coercing
Iter people into the active support of it
Government and a war which they condemn and
of invading the Southern (lotifeJor?ey. In
such an exigency our military authorities had
no other course left than to itit icipuie the enemy
by tne prompt occupation of the points immediately
threatened.
"Sow that ottr troops are in Kentucky, forced
there by the menaces of the enemy, by the
imperious necessity of self-defence they should
not be recalled until Lincoln s forces evacuate*
the State. We have no fear that they will
j be ordered to retire, so long as a fool of a Linj
coin soldier presses the soii of Kentucky. The
I die is cast. Our troops are on the spot to contest
I th* military occupancy of the State with Getij
Anderson, and there can be no retrograde moveinent
on their part until he shall withdraw the
) last of Ins mercenaries, and abandon the claim
of Lincoln to furoo Kentucky into hie service,"
J. W. Curtis Lee, son of Ocn. Robert R. Leo,
has been appointed Aid to 1'resid til Davis,
w it It t lie rank of Colonel of Cavilrjr. Col. Lee
is a graduate of West Point
"Billy. how did you lose y iur finger?" * Easy
enough," said Itilly " I gue->< you'd have lost
youru it it had bceu where mine w is " "That
don t answer my question." * Well, if you
uiust know," said Billy, " 1 had to cut it nil, or
els* etsal the trap."
? j j
From ltlclamoal.
Richmond, September 2 >.?The Euminer
thin iiioriiing *ay? that another package ?. f uu o
*itrned teu dollar treueury note* had been v
stolen en mutt Iron* New Orleans. The De- fi
partment i? dotcriiiiin-d to suppress the whole
issue of ten* engraved by J. Manouvrier, of 11
New Orleans. 11
p
Many Yankees are bundling up tl cir no- 0
lions and endear wring to escape before the us- t<
piratlon of ihu forty 'lays' limit of the alien ^
act, and many peeudo lriond* of tho Houtb are ?
arriving from the North to protect their property
from sequestration.
The shipment of Hessian prisoners for New I!
Orleans will be made to-day, to be followed by 11
a further consignment to morrow. t
The report of Lee's capture of Heyuolds was ,
telegraphed to Guv. Letcher, and from a source *
which the Governor regarded reliable. Bub- 1
sequent intelligence, however, does not sus- (
lain the report of the capture. I
The Enquirer say* that from the large fleet in
Hampton Koads during the present week it is
evident that a movement like the llatteras
all's ir is contemplated. .
The federals are daily practising with 15 (
inch coluuihiads at Old l'oint. >
Tweuty-four refugees from Maryland reach- '
ed here, including two members of the Legis- J
Int tire. Many have aires y left and others ]
will follow A perf ct reign of terror rages in <
Maryland, women violated, property destroy- '
ed, and the citizeus threatened with imprison J
moot and death.
The sequestration of the Yankee effects is ]
going on?neat ly half a million has been seized
during the past lew days. The general in- ]
quiry is what i* doing in other cities ? I
From Kentucky.
MoniLk, Sept. 110.?A special dispatch to
the Picayune, dated Memphis, 18th instaut,
says that the Tenuesseans have possession of
Elizubethtown, forty-litre, miles south by west
ol Louisville, on the Louisville and Nashville
Railroad, with a large amount of rolling stock.
Eleven companies rallied iiuound our banner
at that place.
Rousseau's ragamuffins left Louisville this
morning to meet our force*, llotli parties are
endeavoring to gain Muldrow s lliil, a very
strong position. They arc supposed to be
equally distant. Lively times arc untic^ated
within twenty-four hours
From Xew Orients n.
Nkw OuLEAMS. Sept. 2(1. ? A sailor was csptured
by the lvdcral steamer Massachusetts
but subsequently sent sdiift in s leaky boat,
for refusing to tr.ke the oath. He was picked
up. and arrived here to day. He reports that
the federals have nine b tileries on Chandler's
Island, and that they sre expecting lumber to
build houses and hospital, and twelve thou
sand troops arc to be divided between that
Inland, and neighborhood. It is also intend
cd to fortify Ship Island, and prevent communication
between New Orleans and Mobile.
Memphis, Sept. 19.?The Confederates sre
doubtless occupying Muldrow's Hill by to day.
"o-seau is opposing them, and a battle tbcre is
very prob ible.
A large lorcr of Tcunesseennt reacted Dow
ling Gic.-n yesterday.
Gen. Johnston has arrived at Columbus, and
reported that seven thousand federals had
landed nine miles above Columbus with the iu
teutuui of attacking it.
Giii ewiixk, Kv., (via Mobile,) Sept. 20?A
ii it tuber ol Southet ncr.-t passed here thi.- after
noon for Louisville, on vat ions conveyance*.
hihI report Gist li.ir. Morchcad had been arr
sicd in I sent to the IJistile. (Ufnjjite.)
I Ftt.vMtro.it, Sept. 20.?Th? Legislature cull*
i i?e Keutuckians nnd Tcnnesscans iutudera
mid says th it they nui-t be i xpcll -d : that tin
federals ouly come to Kentn. kv to preserve
tranquility : and icqu s's the Gove or to pine
Tlioa. L. Crittenden in coiuniand of the Statitroops.
I'n Icrwood was enable to ?upprc*s
his etuotion. nnd spoke against such rc?olu
| >i ?ns. This is taken front the L? uisvile Journ
nl.
The Courii r linn l?.*en suppressed.
II is-en i. yesterday morning, was crossing
Kotlittg f.iik in tills, and tin king die mu?j
teriiig nl the Harden ouiilry boys, lie rudden
I ly re-crossel. with six him tied tn.it had got
I over.
\1 nidinwgYs ill! lit- ti.it h n occupied.
[Green itiverisflie n nno gi e.i to a neigh
, li.'i tioo l "I lluw.iiig (irceu, Kentucky.]
St. Lots. Sept. II?I am authorized from
Itea I ju i'ets to contradict the report ilmi Meips
haa atiperse led Fremont. There is no fount!
| at ion lor it.
Ariiivm. or <ic\. Jntixs.is Gen Atheri
i Sidney Johnson' th? distinguished military
' cliioftaiu arrived in Nashville, Tenn., and stop
peil at the St. Cloud, where he was during the
day calle 1 on hy in iriv of otirjciiiie.ts.
He addressed the et liens nt the Capitol, du'
ring tlie day. and was handsomely entertained
' by the la lie's and gentlemen of tin* city,
j Oen. A C. G Arlington decline* being a candidatc
V ngrc* in the for:lie i jugressioiial district.
From Texas,? A letter from Galveatou, Texas
of recent date, to a young lady of Charleston,
informs us that an nlteuipl was made hy
ab >ut three hundred Lincolnites to < ffect a
landing is is supposed, for i he purpose ot firing
I he ciiy hui they were attacked by the citiiens
ami military, wlicu they mod? good their re
j treat.
The Baltimore Putso.NKiis.?A late dispatch
from Fortress Monroe, published in a Northen
paper, says that the political prisoners recently
arrested at Baltimore have been sent to Old
I'oint. and will be confined in the fortress, nnd
not in Fort Lafayett, as has been announced.
i Tlt.? l1nnf<tilf>rAln r?mn of IliAman
I-?- - r ...V.IU-X, ? V II tuey,
was suppriscd by the appearance of I wo
federal steamers, supposed to be J. O. Tylor
and I 'ontitoytr They were soon engaged near
the mouth of Onion river by two ( onfedei ate
steamers. The boats left under a shower of rifle
bullets from a mounted Regiment of Kentucky
riflemen, under the command of Gen. Cheatham,
a very popular officer.
Col. Orr's Regiment is stationed at Sullivan's
Island.
\orlli Carolina Lrglslnture.
Tito Raleigh cot respondent of the Charlotte*
llulletin writes:
The Senate is still getting on very slowly
upon the Revenue Hilt.
A bill has just passed the House authorising
I lie Governor to huild five gunboats for the
protection of the Albemarle and l'atulico
Sounds.
A joint resolution this morning passed both
Houses, filing Friday, at 4 o'clock, 1*. M., as
Ilie I tin* fur adjournment. 11 is probable,
however, thai the resolution will be reaoindcd,
as it will be tm ossihle for tbe table of the
>t>n?ie to he cleared of the business of that
House bj that time.
A bill for the lean* of treasury note* from
five oeuta up to one hundred dollars, to tbe
amount of ?tj(ht hundred thousand dollars, has
pteeedhoth House*
a * I
Tl
' - f * . /' ** ' -1 k ? t? ?T
6Um ncury.
Ah we are anxious to see the establishment
f ouch an enterprise, wo cheerfully comply ^
riiii Ii/? request H Insert the following note
rum the Charleston Courier :
An enterprising gentlemen, who can com- |
mn<l iin- requisite capital.ha* resolved tu ce
nbliah a glass factory within this State, if the
>ru|>er labor ean be procured.**Qls?s makers,
r workmen able to conduct a tuntle glaea lac
r?ry, will, no doubt, find employment b> ad- f
reeeing "Olaee Factory," to the care of this
Ace. ? a
Curd the Ccut.
Tbe newe for the past day or twe leaves but
ittle doubt that a repetition of the descent
ipon Halt eras is about to bo made oa some
it her point of our aoa-ooeet. W# ate gratified
o believe that every precaution has been taken
vitbin this State, and that If the rutkleee la- i
adera make tke attempt upon us raey will
neet a fitting reception. * Tbe coast is now c
veil guarded, and there Mfneome theuaaodsof a
roope ready at a moment's warning to hasten c
o meet the enemy.
The Ontragee la Maryland. \
Our telegraph columns this morning furnish t
is with renewed evidences pf the magnitude 1
?f the struoitics committed by the Lincoltrefi- <
rers and troops in that State. From other i
lources wr loam that whole families are arrest?d
us traitors, and that outrages ef the most at- i
ocious character are committed upon tbe periods
of ladies of the highest standing. Tbe
Richmond Dispatch has corroboration of these
>utrages from refugees of the highest cbarac:er,
who state that no one would believe the extent
of the crimes against liberty and bumaniy
which they have witnessed themselves.
The Confederate Government should move
promptly and energetically to the rescue and
protection of the unhappy down-trodden people
of that State. Patience in a virtue, and
confidence in our authorities is the great con'
trolling motive among our people, but they expect
notion very soon, and they have a right
to expect it.
A Plot Discovkrkd. ? We were informed
yesterday that a plot to overpower the guard
nnd break out of Liggon's tobacco factory hud
neen (Uncovered on the part or the Yankee
prisoner* confined therein The prisoner* are
kepi t*e_ a nt ?tlie officer; being confined in the
first story ot the baiiding. and the men in the
second and third stories. it is said that a captain
ofoneofthe New Yoik volunteer regiments
contrived to make his way among the men,
where his blandishments and representations
procured their assent to the "rising," which
was appointed to take place on Tuesday night,
it is further related that on the details being
related to the i coupants of the first story, it
was opposed, but unsuccessfully, when one of
officer*, dreading the issue of the attempt, divulged
the leading feature of the plan, which
led to the removal of the chiet conspirat or to
the county jail The latter plead heard to he
allowed to remain with his comrades, even if
in irons. but the indulgence was not allowed. A
large portion of the Hessians now confined
here are utterly destitute of every sentiment ot
honor or deoeney. and if hrid securely it mum
he done hy drawings tight rein over them.?
Richmond Examiner.
Another startling paragraph has appeared in
u.e < U hoc journals, as follows:
A Queen's MtUHger, Mr. C. Johnson, ha
a rived in town from l.u-ope r?? Wa-hing-ou
oringing di-patches lor his K&cellency, whic .
r imoi says, are of an important character, re
lating to the recognition of the Soui lien Confe 1e
icy ami the e*t".< iency of the blockade
The Washington correej-oiidcnt of the Balti
more Kvchm^e vritts on the same subject:
The t'a'niiai has been ?vid -utly to day in n
its e d'mo t un-asy temunt. It 14 privnl
y r in..red ihnt .1 disp.uk has been received
roni Norn Scotia, giving the intelligence thi
nglnnd and Future have fak? n clecitUd
groond* up >n a peedy recognition ot the Southern
1 1 nfed.-i a?-y.
AWe1 known ^e tl n ' o'Jing offfi:- . ndertheOi.
mm n>, reu.ikcd to-day in tl
presence of my into nt-til "The ?ti>tem nt
is too true Our worm tears are now real t (I.
and we ,?hitll ftuve I he whole world to lit; ."
Tin- npp are t<> h- rather letnMtuie. ?- e
ie?? n. the defeat of Man ?sa- hud not h
received in Kng'atid at the time of the ileps
t ire <>t the .V?t?.i Sm n Men who ought 1
to know speak confidently, luwcv r, of itru'
h.
Till IIA 1.1. I>r Tint CoXrKDKRATF. CoXO?t> .
-Woikn.cn are husily engaged in rfinoJ
njr I !?o ai rangcments of I lie Slate House m
Uicl.mon I, so as to make ample room for lli?
n-'it Confederate House of Representatives
Tlie oi l Senate Chanther of the Legis'aturc i>
in he enlarged 1 >v taking in the passu c and
the whole of the Clerk's office. With these ad
ditioiis. it will he one of the finest halls In tincountry,
heing ample well lighted, and all its
proportions striking and just. It will he or
copied by the Confederate House of Representatives,
the Virginia Senate tu-ing removed into
the upper portion of the building.
llan'el S. Dickinson, the incorruptible Van
kee has hecn nominated hy the lllark Kcptthli
cans of New York for State A'torney They
know their man.
It is stated that the will of the late Oen
Lyon. Killed at the battle of Springfield. Mo.,
gives all liia property, worth some $8O,0iX), to
the Lincoln Government.
We are authorised to announce COL. G.
F. TOWNS, of Greenville, a canidate to
represeut the Fifth Congressional District
in the t ougress of the Confederate States.
Sept II 16?te
The friends of Col. J AMES FARROW res.
feet fully announce him as a candidate to represent
the 5th t 'ongressionul District in the
Congress of the Confederate Slates.
July 18 19 te
For Colonel.
The Governor, in view of the disorganized
stale of the Militia, having ordered *11 vacancies,
(occasioned by officers accepting commission*
in the Confederate service) to be filled
immediately, we respectfully beg to present
the name of J. B. Tolleson a* one altogether
qualified to fill the office of Colonel of the
36th Kegiinent, and trust he will accept the
nomination. . MILITIA MEN.
SHERIFF'S SALES.
FOR OCTOBER, 1861.
T)Y virtue of sundry writs of fieri facias, to
I > me directed, 1 will sell, Itefnre the Court
House, on the first Monday and Tuesday, in
OCTOBER neat
41 Acres of Land, more or less bounded by
lands of IV Bishop, the Estate of Jefferson
Choice dee d , and others; sold as the property
of O 8. Grsnard, at the suit of the 8tate, for
Taxes. Also,
1 Bay horse, saddle and bridle, sold as the
property of William Petty at the suit of Q. W'.
King.
Terms of sale. cash.
' L. M. GENTRY, s. a. d.
Sheriff"s Office, Sept. 16, IStfl.
Sept 26 20 2t.
C. C. Jarrett end Joeeph Cash end wife, Applicants,
n
Julius J arret t. at. *L, Defendants.
Petition for Sale of Real Ft tale of Sarah J arrett,
daeeated.
T)Y order from the Court of Ordinary, I will
I J^ell on Salesday next in front of the Court
lToti*e d?.or, 70 so roe of land, more or loon, tying
on the head waters of Thicket v Crook,
hounded hy lands of Carter Burnett* W?. Carlisle,
.lee.se Blanton, "o. Champion, and others;
sold a* the property of Sarah Jarrett,
deo'd., for partition and division.
I M. GENTRY. D.
Sept IS
*
.
COLLIiOB,
rHK M?rsUwof H.I? iSMiurttaB
?um?d T?e*d?>, <W. let, 1801.
Coaft-derti# 0>?ue lixuU will fat rtccirtd ia
itjmeat ft>? board and tuilioi.
w. a. ut am, president.
Bept 26 29 tf _
LOpK AT THIS I
?11E Mbfcrtbcr is compelled TO H AVK
MONEY. uu givca ibis notice to those tiled
ts him to FAY UP IMMEDIATELY,
toner he must sad tMl bore
*. WBELLY WTAT*.
Sept 26 *> , 8w>
STATE OF aooiEpAi555^r
SPARTANBURG DISTRICT^.
Citation for Letters of AdmtaiMmtUoWHEREAS
LEWIE MsMII#^ AND J.
H. HADDUB hare petitioned this
ourt for leljtm of Administration, on mil sad
iagular the goods snd obn'tla*. rights sad
redita of ELIJAH McMlLLAN, deosdaed.
Tk'tJ ore therefore to elte sad idsssbb sit
.ad lingular, the kindred ud creditor* of the
aid ELIJAH McMlLLAN, he and appear at
be Court of Ordinary, for eaid District, to bf
teld at Spartanburg Court House, on the 11 tb
lay of October nest, to show cause. If any casts,
why said letters should not bo graatod.
Uireo under my hand and seal of offios, this
11 tit day of Septembers A. D. 1801.
J. LA RLE BO MAR, o. s.n.
Sept 26 29 Mw
STATE OF SOUTH CAttOLINA.
BP ART AN BURG DISTRICT.
Citation for Letters of Administration.
WHEREAS H. H. WORKMAN baa petitioned
this court for Letters of Administration,
on all and singular tb* goods ud
chatties, rights and sredits of 8AMUEL
WORKMAN, deceased.
These are there ore to cite and admonish all
.om , me ?tumw iihi crcuiion or the
Mid SAMUEL WORKMAN, be and appear it
the Court of Ordinary, for said District, to be
held st Spartanburg Court llouse, on the 7th
day of October next, to show osuse, if any exists,
why said letters should not be granted.
Given under my band and seal of offiee, this
24>h day of September. A. 1). 18M
J. EARLB no MAR, o a. d.
Sept 26 29 2w
TAXES.
ALL persons who owe Taxes for the year
1860, or pree ous, are hereby notified
mat longer indulgence cannot be given. 1 am
in earnest.
It. C. POOLE, r c.
Sept 18 28 2t
Look At This.
Rifle* wanted for Confederal*
Pert Ice.
I AM author!red to pur chase FIFTEEN HUNDRED
(smnti burr) RIFLES, for the use of
lie Army. Any person having such gun they
ire willing to sell, will please call at A' TOLLKRON'S
Store, where they will reeeive.q fair
nrioe in cash, and help to furnish our Afmy in
the West with a much needed weapon. M^'nl
lough's victory at Springfield was wonbyfwe'e
titles. 1 want those iu good order, c'thei fti.t'
or pcrcuvsion. W. C. BENNETT.
epv 16 27
,[) I < WITTY
Continue t-j keep their Stock of Gooda aa full
?n<i cniijlcts * the markefa will allow; and
vill take in barter any quantity of
(iOOD L1NSEY,
WOOLEN SOCKS,
COTTON RAGS,
TALLOW,
Ac., Ac., Ao ,
Just received ? Dirge quantity of
BEST CIR0I.IN1 IN DIGO.
D. I. & L TWITTY.
Sept 2.S 17?it
ORDER* NO?.
[THERE WILL BE AN ELECTION HELD
f->r Colonel lo command the tftith lU-gt.. <
C. M , and for .Major lo pumm n 1 the ls?
iilla'.ion ot -a.d Regiment. on the loth day of
Kilulter next. The Captains or Officers in coiunatid
ol Cumpuies, arc oh.irged with the exien-ton
of I his order, and lo bold -a.a election*
is uliovc staled, ami uicel the ensuing day at
lomar's Old Field, lo count the rotes and make
proper returns.
ily order of Col. W. B. ALLISON.
Commanding.
W. P. Bishop. Lieut. Col. 86th Kegt. S. 0 MScpl.
28 2l
NEW ARR iNUKMENTs"
f|THE subscribers hare purchased ihc enti-a
I STOCK OF HOOKS AND STATIONEFY
?l Her. A W. WALKER of tbi* place, and wit
icreuficr conduct the business in the name ?f
H. Townsend At Co.
We are now opening and ofTering for wL *
Urge addition to the ahorenamed slock. wkcb
will be sold on as reasonable leriM at pnsstde.
All who will gire us a trial will find a ulk
Nroek ol* Hchool)
RELIGIOUS. MISCELLANEOUS, and ue.fal
BOOKS, together with PAFER. FENS. 1IK.
and every rariety of STATIONERY AND
FANCY ARTICLES in our line.
8. TOWNSENf,
T. B. ANDERdON.
Spartanburg. Sept. 4. I8G1. 21?tf
TV I 17?
rpiIOSE having detnauda against the estate
1 of W. D. WOOD, deceased, wit have
I bom properly attested. Those indebted are
requested to pay up.
J. A. WOOD, Aim't.
Sept 5 20 if
T11R ST ATE OF SOUTTTCI K0L1NA8PARTASBUMO
DISTRICT.
In the Court op Okdinaay.
Malhew I'. Gossett, Applicant, vs. Wiltun Onseil
undothers. Defendants.
Petition for sale of Real Estate of Gdirtei Go*
sett, Deceased.
TT appearing to my satisfaction tbit William
Gosseit. Coleman C. Gossett and Stmnaom
Oossett, Defend't* in Ibis oase, r?si<e (Von and*
without the Limits of this Stats, it a thereforeordered
that tbey do appear and otgeel < the
division or sale of the real estate of Gabriel I
Gossett, deceased, on or before the t2d day of
November next, or their couseat : the same
will be entered of record.
Given under my hand and seal of office this
19th day of August, A. I)., 1861.
J NO. EARLE BOM.4R.O. s. m
Aug 22 IS
Cash Wanted I
All peruana ruaeovea 10 me 31 BMW est*
wtouiii, up to January I 1861, wrt requested
to make payment by tie iret day af
OCTOBKR next. After that dae, If not paid,
I ahall turn over aucb aeeonnta and notes to J.
M. BLFOKD, esq., for eolleetiea. 1 am eomKed
la collect MONEY to oarry on my shop,
ther is a cash art tele.
Aug 2?-2&-4w R P. ROGKR8.
MmU Urtllu Powder Mill*.
fTiRK uoderaigned begs to iaibrut country
I mercbanta, nod others wishing to purchase
a No. 1 article of POWDER, thai he has deposited
a largo assort meat with Messrs. CleeoVaad
ft Biviaga, whieh they will toll an reasonable
tense, either wholesale er retail.
W. R. BQWIK. Agent
?par?aabnrg. Her 17. 186J. t<