The Carolina Spartan. (Spartanburg, S.C.) 1852-1896, December 17, 1857, Image 1
THE CAROLINA SPARTAN
' , '" ?- ? 'A ? > . - s N* w- w '+r c v . ^
by CAVis & TRIMMIER. Dcoolcfo to Southern ftigljts, Politics. Agriculture, onir fHisceUomj. 82 per annum.
VOL. xiv ; ^ spartanburg, s.c., thursday, december 17, 1857. no?43.
THE CAROLINA SPARTAN.
BY CAYiS & TRIMMIER.
T- 0. P. VERNON Associate Editor.
Prio? Two l>uc.i,\u* per annum in advance, or
i.50 at the and of the year. If uot paid until
after the year expires $3.00.
Payment will be considered in advauce If made
within three months.
No subscription token for less than six months.
Money may be reunited throli ,h postmasters at
our risk.
Advertisement* inserted at the usual rates, oud
contracts mad-* on rertsoi:oli1e terms.
Tiie Swum eiroulute* largely ov-r this and
adjoining d'rtricts, ond offers an admirable medium
is our friends to roach customers.
Job worlr of all kinds promptly executed.
BUnks, Law and Equity, continually oh hand or
printed to nrdcr.
x CAROLINA SPARTAN.
CORRESPONDENT OP CAROLINA SPARTAN.
grekn county, ahkansa8,
November 12, 1857.
Mkssus. Cavis ?fc Thimmiku: I ask tlio
privilege, as one of your subscribers, to answer
an editorial 011 the first page of the
Spartan% of the 22d October, headed Emigration.*
My reason for asking the permission
I do is this: I am a South Carolinian
by birth and education?and that
State has charms to me over any other. My
neighbors are also generally South Carolinians.
Now, sir, I suppose when you speak of
persons emigrating to the West you allude
to Arkansas as well as other Western States.
You say hundreds nre breaking up and
leavinir orood homes to settle in an almost
OCT
uncivilized country. Now, my dear hits,
so far as Arkansas is concerned I demur to
the charge of uncivilized. 1 believe that in
proportion to our ago and population we
have more newspapers published in this
Slate than are now in yours?and, if I mistake
not, this is the standard by which editors
measure civilization and refinement.
Hut to prove, sirs, that wo are a little more
civilized than you might suppose, I will
state a few facts: Do you not recollect a
few years back, how Maj. Borland figured
in the United States Senate! And certainly
you have not forgotten Col. Ashley, who
was, soon after entering the United States
Senate, chosen chairman of the Judiciary
Committee!
I will now speak more directly of ray imtncdia'.e
vicinity. I think we have hut one
drinking shop in this county and Cherokee
??and school houses are common. I heard
a circuit preacher of the Methodist Church
say (sometime before his year was out) that
he had taken into the Church for that part
of the year between three and four hundred
members, and his circuit did not in
>i 1...IT .i.?
VIU14 V II4UVI1 III'MO VII.Ill II mi UK) Ul'lUII V.
Also, not long ?iiico I witnessed a miesionu
ry collection taken up in quite a thinlypopulated
part of the county, and only n
mail collection of people present, and ?120
were collected in a few minutes. Other denominations
are equally as liberal and prosperous
as the Methodist. Von must temeruber
we have only eight hundred voters.
As to schools: Two young men front your
District have been teaching in my neighborhood
the past summer and fall. Their
schools were well conducted, and I have
heard of no complaints, either front teach
ers, employers, or children. In the centre
of every township (which is six miles square)
there are 640 acres of land set apart for
school purposes.
And next with regard to responsibility:
It is very common to pay men in advance,
and they appear to have confidence in eacb
Other. I know men who have business dealings
to the amount of many hundred dollars,
and perhaps neither note nor receipt
ever passed between them. My nearest
neighbor, who is a physician and a Carolinian.
and has been here fifteen years, lias
never eucd but one man for a medical bill:
and he furthermore assures me that the
medical bills do not amount to fifty cents
-r .i c -i
emu iiiciuuur 01 me luinny yearly the
countoy ver.
Now, gentlemen, I think I have answered
in some degree the alarm created l?y the
correspondent of the Asheville (N. C.) Spectator.
I have no doubt but that that young
man has got "skeered" by tho hoot of tho
owl, or by some old granny's ghost storv.
Oh, what was Huncombo thirty years ago!
] now admit that we do really ncod your
spare population, proviJed thev are honest,
industrious, and enterprising. Hut if they
are lazy and indolent, and come here poor,
they will remain poor. And why we need
your spare population is this: We have
great quantities of good vacant lands here
waiting for some industrious Carolinian or
Virginian to settle down on. These lauds
can bo euterod at fifty cents per acre. And
this is the way 1 would in general advise
emigrants to do: Select these lands and enter
them from the Government, and do not
suffer yourselves to be cheated. Tor if you
buy well-improved lands you will have to
pay for them certain. Our good lands will
yield 75 bushels of corn per acre, 30 of
wheat, 2,000 pounds seed cotton, 1,500
pounds tobacco, 100 bushels of Irish potatoes,
200 bushels of Sweet potatoes. This
C*? be do.no on gooJ lands, in a good crop
year, and proper cultivation. About onothird
of the lands in this country are rich (
bollonj; one-third second rate. That called cen
upland is third rate?a good part of which fjU(
is unfit for cultivation. But if this third- Sin<
rate land were in your district, it would he (on,
seized upon instanter, and the old pine a net
Holds let go. Our water is excellent?as In
good as is in Buncombe?pure freestone the
water. Wo have a variety of limber. The (J
fact ii, the country is lather too heavily
timbered with walnut, ash, mulbeiry, and ^
gum, with undergrowth of pawpaw, shuinac, l',e
and hnzel?(no chestnut, chinquepin, or |l}|
sour wood)?with good pine on the uplands (ja|
and higher hills. win
Now, gentlemen, if any of your cmigra- 'lU"
ling friends a>k about this county, (Green.) . *
tell lliciu that this is an unvanished and ,
simple statement of facts. And I now fur- n 8(
thcr say, that this county excels my most An
sanguine anticipations. '"l"
With respect to stock: Fat beeves can ^
be seen all times of the year, and droves of nn(]
fat horses and mules at all seasoas roaming mo
over the never failing meadows made by ( pos
the hand of nature. Very little game in j 1
this county. Very few ritles, and not a
bowie knife in the county that I know of. tor
\V? ti !*i.t.A.i .1 -r it.
.. V Ii>v VMV IIUIIUIVU llliica IIVIimTCSi VI lie
Memphis, in the northeast county of Arkan- *he
sas. We need a number of mechanics, ma [J'?
chinists, and farmers. Itut no politicians (
lawyers, or doctors. So you will please say wa,
to your readers who wish to find employ- his
meut here. Yours, rospectfullv, j'1'3
J*. G. in .
Our cor respondent n?'stakes a selection from the bee
Aslieville (N. C ) Sin-etator tor an original article See
of uui?, wliieli we do not endorse, but give lot what j|;l,
it may be worth.?Ei??. Sr*ktan. '
* Southern Fruit liaising, J
Tberc is no branch of domestic economy prj(
more neglected at the South than the cul- tj(),
lute of fruit, it ie trtie, there is an awaken- ver
ed spirit among the few, but as yet not WQ,
among the masses. The grapo is exciting .^j
a universal interest, as much for the dessert ,
as for wine. There are nurseries and ex- wo|
tensive fruit orchards spiingiug up in the con
vicinity of our commercial towns, which JUU
are a credit to the country, and a source of j ;|,
profit to the proprietors. Hut this is no*. (
ail the country needs. Every proprietor in fer|
ilic coil mi y?uwrv owner of a half acre ntl
lot?owes to himself, his children and his #,t
country, to plant fruit trees. Land holdcis ! \y(
of the South! cancel the debt you owe to ro|l
posterity this present fall. You should <
plant this fall at least one million fruit trees. |,je
The huge planter should plant the apple, j.;,,
pear, peach, grape, and fig, not only for his j1)(,
..i.o.. r?...;i.. i...i ?*.. i.:. I "
.. U.VV M?uiiiv, M??W IUI il?a licgiwcs, l\ipu losl
fruit, in its season, is cheaper and healthier a?
than bacon. liven the small proprietor r,.(|
may have huit trees enough to rave much
of the expense of living. Say not that your , jt.|
soil dues not suit the apple, pear, peach or ,(ei
giape, for on a small scale 3 oil may moke jc),
a s.iil to suit any of them. This is the ; hlr,
great advantage \ou liave over tliose who 1 NV;l
never read. Von may all grow peaches as ; M|j
well as Moses, or cherries Hi well as l'eters,
or Blrawberries as well as lVabodv, or (|t.j
grapes as well as Axt, if you will hut study ; for
how to do it. The smallest farmer among ' t|)C
you thinks it no labor lost, or time misspent, 1 st.v
, to study how he may best fallen his pig. 0j"j
He dues not think of building a pen for his . |,ej
pig, and tlion feeding him on shucks and |)0(
water, hut lie studies out and experiments ; llt|]
I with that food which will produce the j slr<
! greatest amount of pork. Now, if we will ;ir((
j divest ourselves of the erroneous idea that j nm
| fiuit is but an article of luxury, and not of |,je
! food, and look at in the true light in which ,,jI:
(jud <le.?igiied it, we shall find it as much j
| to our interest to study what will feed a I ^
hog. There can ho no excuse lor any faini-1 ^
Iv being without Iruit. There are reliable
nurseries all around us. The fig and grape | ^
. grow so rapidly from the cuttings, and the |*
' apple and peach from the seeds, that any j
family, uo matter how poor, may have an ,
j orchard. I r( ,
Our mission is, to encourage tho produce
. 1 1 IRC
tron ol good fruit among tho masses, ami
r* ^ # ' 111
when we see every householder in the land | j- j
sitting under his own vine and tig tree, we ^
shall feel that we have accomplished our jj
mission. '
; ill 1,
Ntw l)i:iv ANI) l)l!Mn ISVCTKVI \ lilll* I'll
more limn a year ago. as our foreign oxchanges
inform us, a Protestant Donf anil Ni
and Dumb Institute was founded in tbc ><>'
Soulli of France, by Professor Kilian. Tlnj C\i
founder of this establislnnent lias entirely s'r
pill aside tho languago of signs and lire 'hr
digital alphabet, lie teaches his pupils to tlx
speak, and to understand the words of de|
others, from llio motions of their lips. Hi, tin
success has been most extraordinary, lie er
has already collected thiity six pupils, of OI"
whom four are blind; the rest are deaf and (l>
dumb?seventeen boys and fifteen girls, j of
The lirst anniversary meeting of tbe iiiMitu*
lion was held on lire 30tb of September, r?i
when some of the pupils were found able to , toe
join in a conversation, and answer questions tat
put to them viva voce by pa?tors present, i
Professor Kilian is a pious Christian, who I*"-'1
calls his pupils his rhildicn, and especially the
endeavors to bring tbetu to Christ. Ho 8Mi
hopes gradually to enlarge his establish- | *'?'
incut, and then to obtain lire formation of tio
others on the sumo plan, until all ihu Pro- I "I"
testant deaf and mute of that country (they , ?bi
are supposed to bo about 3,000 in number) ; a"<
shall he cared for. to
The Hev. Mr. Spurgeon was lately ad* ing
vised, says the Kd in burg lleviow, to preach lie
against (ho prevailing folly in headgear. As bu
he took his place on the platform, he pans- An
vd, looked around him, and said, '*1 have : tio
i been requested to robuko the bonnets of tho gii
day; but, upon my word, I don't see any;" llit
j as, being in front of tho ladies, ho could the
1 not.
Plularchic.
en. llaskul), of Tennessee, whose rc
t insanity required Ms confinement in
mtic Asylum, has been discharged curci
ce then he delivered a lecture at Lexinj
, Kentucky, from which tlfe Observe
Jieftorler reports the following ox I ratlins
State people will bo apt to thin
(ieueral was discharged too soon:
LAY, CALHOUN, AND WISBSTliR.
nr W. T. UASKCLL.
Vnd now, 1 dismiss for tho present nl
le leading characters save Clay, and
longer dwell on him, as a distinctiv
racier, but as one of a mighty trio, Cla}
houn, and Webster, who to us wer
it l'itt, Fox, aud Crrattan were to Eog
d.
,. In social life?in marriage, for exiuu
?Clay would nave pressed forward will
'coup d'etat" like an ancient Briton
nrdy Welchinan in Glendower'a day, a
tbian cbief, each 0110 of whom wouh
c seized his reluctant bride, und born
to his home.
Calhoun would ponder long and warily
I wiih circumspection, like an Eurojiea
narch, who negotiates a match for pur
es ol State.
\nd Webster, like Prince Ilal V., <
.;land, who wooed arid won without di
tnacy the gentle Kathcrine, the dattgli
of tho Due de Ileignier, and brother c
nry VI. of England, the victim of thn
wolf of France, Margaret of Arijou an
liloody G luster, in the Tower of Lot
r.
i. In forensic debate?the forte of Cla
i his resistless Eloquence?of Calhout
sophism, and wonderful power of tneir
I'sical disquisition, and aMute analysisWebster,
of open and solid argument.
I, As a Historian, Clay would bairn
a speculative theorist?Calhoun
ptic and Examiner, and Webster woul
re been guiklcd by Example and lb
:t*.
I. A disappointment, in a struggle f<
ninion, Clay would have felt with tli
.-king of the pangs of Pride and Ambi
i battled?Calhoun, with the restless f?
of defiant discontent--and Websk
iiM liavo encountered it with calm an
losophical composiiro.
?. In administering Government, Cla
uld have been both compromising an
struclive? Calhoun, headstrong, iesllv>
I defiant?Webster, for standing on lh
ivs and the Constitution.
J. As a monarch, Clay would have pr<
ed to have been an Autocrat?Calhoui
Atbeneau Archon, elevated on the broai
of Dtiiitfcnitio sullrugo? an
.'b.-ler would have liked a limited an
islitulional Monarchy.
7. As a Historic character, Clay rc?en
s tlie chivalrous and daring Henry V. <
gland, on the field of Aginoourt, cliar^
with visor up, and lance, concha tit, i
t, against the mailed and willing, bol
1 mocking, in&d and feverish l'eicv, th
oubtable and undaunted llotspurnce
llal, swift bearing on astride In
dy caparisoned and well-housed whit
?d, his nostrils wide expanded, and cha
ging, fierce neigh, his white man
naming on his boldly uplifted crest, an
ving tail, lashing wildly the mail an
phnr charged w ind, careering o'er th
d of battle, while J'ercy bounds with
hint shout, to meet him in the longei
conllict. Calhoun, the subtle strategi*
i calculating Saladin, whose Damasci
meter tlashes through the severed im c
Iceman, w ho know not till they noil the
ids that they are detached from the
lies?while Webster, Cctur do Lion i
us, hurls his battle axe, with coloss;
jngth, until the mailed links lly ?par
i ino descending weapon grinds Lone
I blood, and lire, into one, uudisliiiguishi
, sliapeiess mass of Jove-splittcd, ligh
ig-strickoti humanity.
B. They are like three ditlVrent * I roan
e.jual volume. Clay, like St. Anthony
lis, or a Calaraclic, N iugaric, Cascad'
dring in creamy foam, ami rainhov
ruty, roaring arul hissing, in luinultuoi
lies, tearing on, impatiently pressing f<>
rd, to search the hlue and Iran piil dep h
earnestly crowding on, betwixt hig
ky shores, begiit with ligneous foriniarchs,
its banks all fringed with vim
1 (lowers, sweeping like the streams ih
the M edileirane-in blue, drawing a wor!
waters through ISospkotic pa ses a
rculean Straits, witli an undeicurieiit gl
.g slow benealii, both to and fx*. Id,
litis and 1'ropontis, through tliw - T g<- ?
is, by rock gill Isles, sc'iiniiig the niudd
le, out into the I>1 no ilep:lis .if old < Cvan
iltitude " 1*0!></>/,losh itu Thubisst s" wave
liiouu, a ruultitiide of innuinerah
earns, washing the mountain base
ending willi winding and devious couri
1 many tangled woods and gloomy lore.,
[rtlis, ami stealing awi.'lly through tc
rusand valleys, and gathering all logell
to make its grand Jcbilt to the unluii
lablu deep, delianlly to breast the win.
it sweep (lie bosom of tin- illimitable !i<
waters?and W ebster, Ocean's self, pea
in roaring voices and in tliun leiiu
ies, its everl isting anthems, 'round tli
k built 9)101 oh that hein about the hub
ions of the children of Almighty Cod.
9. And Clay again a Tlauet, like lii
y Mars, menacingly stieauiing throng
l lields of >pace; Calhoun Ilk ' Moicum
ifl in his flight, closo round tiie Sin
iso and constant to its centre of nltra<
a, chasing tin* living creatuics that trea
>11 it, so dial they cannot leap six inch*
>vq its exacting and inexorable siulac
i Webster like Jupiter, boldly a?pirai
"mi till the Moon,'' and with liis pi ay fi
lence of strong attraction, permitting li'
; things to leap a mile high, up towari
>aven, or Saturn, feeding not on infant
l devouring giants at a gulp; Clay, lik
irora, heralding the dav spring of etc;
uj Calhoun, tlio haleful Syrius, the r:
ig llorr star of the s|<i,'>; and Webste
t siiporsecn and all-seeing North star <
i upper deep!
10. In Music, Clav would have loved t
1 0
listen to the ringing lone* of llio war-bu- '
( glos' Rounding note; Calhoun, the multifarioua
discord that makes an operatic liar
,l inouy; and Webster, the still, deep rolling
I* solemn anthem.
>. 11. It* an element, Clay would glory in'
r personating a chafining. unchained storm; s
^ Caltioun. the shifting and unsteady vaii.a ,
bio winds; and Webster, the strong and I
steady brec/. *, slow-moving, as with its roll- i
ing diapason it r.weeps the forest, as when |
the Almighty, with his resistless breath,;
Rtrikes a 'J'liunder Harp of pined
|| 12. In war, Clav, hko Charles XII. of
J SweddA, would prefer the fierce assault; j
e Calhoun, like Scott, would ptactico the
stralegetic seige, or turn his enemies' right '
c or left wing, instead of breaking hi* centre; ;
r. and NVehsler, like old "Hough and Ueadv,
or like Cromwell, would tell his men to 1
i. "trust in God, and keep their powder dry," !
|, and meet the foe, in ail open, pitched, lair ;
, field, and bull dog light.
? 1 1. If Clay w as challenged to llio Held of '
j honor, ho would light at once, like the ad - j
? mirahle Crichton; Calhoun, like our Q taker j
Revolutionary General, Nathaniel Green, t
. would reason out t?f it; and Webster would
? look upon the challenge like a gentleman
. | and a christian, and 'rent it with a consci|
entious indifference.
,f | 14. If they were called upon to mako a;
| treaty, Clay would endeavor to force it by I
I. | intimidation; Calhoun diplomatically treat
,f j it with Richlieu like and Machiavellian cunlt
| ning; Webster, by open, lair, slraighl-forj
, ward dealing,
i3. In Religion, Clay, if lie had conse-1
crated his energies to teaching it, notwith- |
v standing he died an Episcopalian, would
*(i : have been an eutbu>i ist, and, as was the !
( exclusive and aiistocratic habit of his mind.
_ he would have believed in the doctrine of
Election or Predo^tinarinniMn, and allowed
e but a very select few to be saved, and the
., balance to be incontinently damned; Cal,1
j houn would have been a Eree-l hitiker: and.
0 Webster, in favor of the Established Cousti- \
tulionnl Church.
,r 10. In Patriotism, Clay was for Comproe
mi.se. Conservatism ami Union; Callioun,
\. for Secession, Nulliticntion ? I loved him j
j. too well to say Treason?Revolution and |
Disunion; Webster, for Union, Imlepen- |
j deneo and a common cause, at every hazard, i
17. In habits, Clay was dictatorial, magisv
terial and exclusive; and Webster, gentle,
!| | self poised, and dignified.
A I 18. In Poetry, Clav would have been liee
! roic and It rical; Calhoun, didactic; and
Wi'hster, like "the blind old Hard of Scio's 1
Rocky Isle," would h ive essayed an epic. !
19. In Art and Architecture, Clay would j
1 , li.no fancied Painting u?d Sculpture; Cal ,
houn wini'.i ij.-4v? MiR.tiPinalicullv taxed his i
,| hiiiin in iahvriiithincstr'ieluK ".oiteii - Liis !
>i*s threaded in the Kickgiil l-le of Ciete, .
where the K ites held the Light, and the i
Distair, and the Wheel, when \tropin clip
, ped the Siring of Fate; and Webster would
u have bui'dod Mouuuii ills and Pyramids. i
,] 20. It is remaikahle, that in ail the
0 written papers loll by Ci.iv, there is Cut lit- |
_ , tie gleaning fioui t!.e lields of Ancient or
j, niodeiu Rii.-i at me?le*s in C ilhoun's; and
lliev are to he found but sparsely in Web- ;
1 I s;,.|'<, hut when foiu.d, apposite and appro[e
printo.
,1 j And now, 1 leave these twenty-one points
,) of contrasts for future additions, as they
,, j may occur to me, until some modern 1 *1 u- !
;i larch shall put the touchstone < { analysis :
]. { and comparison to thorn still further.
?? Brownlow.
Who else, except the veritable IJrownlow,
! could have written ?u< ii a piece a-> the fd"
lowing! It is too good to he lost, fur it is
, not on I v amusing, hut contains niuie tiuth
11
than poetry;
l' IIasi ai.itv Ah.h n'diso.?Tlio gospel is
preached t?> the people regularly ail over
1 lliu Country ? rcligi .i,, papei* ami magazines
are circsilat i in families, ami inany
valuable persons set (J'mhI examples lief iff
the woil.l; but, n twitlislanding all tin-',
s ami more, observation teaches u> that las
L>i ca'itv abound- in all classes o| society. I'dv
ty thefts are ?|.ii!y c MiiruitteJ?such as r>d?
bing money drawm*, stealing clothe* ami
r' dry H" >d?, chick-Mis. ducks, corn an I other
eatables. Strolling vagabonds, d ilni ' in
i _ no > ^
" counterfeit money, ami di-e.ised horses, aro
all over tho c 'ontrv. ti amblers, travelling
'* and local, and i lent r?'gu>-s, are ail on
tiin alert. I'.i v ilaii;s, nilii ! ices as satic'
lilted as the moral law, aie keeping f.d-e
" unls, and swc.ni i? to thein for the sake
of gain. Whisk v shops are selling by lite
;t small in violation ?.f the law. lliug stores
" ate training up drunkaids in high lit"', an 1
) every faci.ity for Sihbalh drinking which
s can be ha 1 nowheieclso.
" The rich are oppressing the poor, and the
lc poor are content t > live in rags and idle s.
uess, t 'liinliv dealers in produce come to
,0 town ami exact two prices for all thoy have
to sell, ami the owners of real estate in
" towns mo asking d ub'e rent, to the injury
of business and the growth of towns. Hanks
1 an 1 coipoialiotis, intended for the public
's good, have their f.ivoritos, and are pailirtl
<' in the distrihiition of favors. Families per1
secule am] envy each other. Individuals
l-? slander tlieii betters. Persons of low origin
10 put on aim, and falsely pretend to he more
'* than they are. ('m-aling an I inisiepre-on
tattoos mo the or lor of the day generally.
10 In politic* there is very lilllo patriotism 01
11 love i>t count ty, while seek t??
ft mislead, and k>u.i> 1 up their ?>. . u forlunw M
'? 111? hazards of ruining ilie country. 11: re
ligiou there is more hypociisv than gruco,
' ami tlio biggest simuii lreis living croud in-i
to tlu church with a view to clothe ihoir
"! rase dly designs, nml more clleclnally to servo
,l the devil! In a word, rascality abounds
' among nil classes and in all countries. The
'* devil i-. *: i!Lin^ abroad in open daylight,
without the precaution to dress himself.
8i And if the present generation of moil could
? see thomsrlres in the Gospel glass, they are
l" as black as hell.
r. To uioriow -the day on which idlo men
af work, and fools give up their folly, and sin
; ncrs repent uttd behove and reform their
,o 1 character.
The Use and Abuse of Credit.
I
There nre many person* who, iu ordinary
times cannot bo brought to believe that 0f
th?ie is any moral wrung in speculation. y^
Times like these assist grea'ly iu opening
the eyes of tbe creditors at least, if not of
the debtors. Let a wholesale merchant upi
hold a note for *5,000 for goods delivered, pr,
due lo him by a country merchant, and it
goes lo protest. If he inquires into the j
cause, ten chances to one the country mer- . j
chant has sold inost of the goods, and invested
the proceeds, as a first instalment, in
Western lands or railway shares. Every- ^
thing has fallen, and lands and railway
chares have sunk all the investment. The
debtor thinks he is to bo pitied, but llu?
creditor feels that he is to bo blamed. Who ^
is right? The creditor, if ho iilleis what is lo
in his heart, says, "You are a speculator,
which is about the came as a swindler."
liut the debtor asks, "l'ray, what is a spec
ulalor? I intended to pay every man the ()f
last cent. I expected to pay. If I have S|,(
sunk *5,000 of your money, 1 have lost ^ j
*10.000 ol my own. Where lies the dis Cul
linclioii between speculation and any other sj
kind of Lading oo credit?'' (
The differences lies here. Speculation
consists in making use of credit to traffic in j j
other than a man's regular and avowed j.j
business. If any one has capital over and t|(j
above tlio payment of all bis debts on the .day
tliey aio due, be is at liberty to invest
the surplus as be pleases and believes most j(
profitable. It lie gamble with it openly. |
and put it all to busard ou the rattling of
the dice box or tlio lum of a card, however
wrong it may be in some points ol view, he
lias SWIllUteU [JO OHO If lie I 80 11 ll!l. lillt
il a man pretend t > be doing a regular nnd ^ (
honest business, and asks for credit on his "
goods till iie can gel tliein into tho market, ''
and tlicn takes tlio pioceed*, as they coine s|,(
in, and, before meeting bis notes, hazard*
the whole t?utn at a f.tio bauk, be is not ^
onlv a gambler, but a dishonest man, and
this equally whether he win or loose, because
lie risks that which was not his, and ^
in a manner that was not contemplated by
the merchant who trusted him. ^
Every man has a right to invest his own
money in Western lauds, or railroad stocks, ^
or gunpowder, or insurance, or anything n,
else he pleases, provided that he does not llli
make u-o of his credit obtained in other '-^r
walks ot business, or involve that.
lal
We ate not here discussing the credit At
system so far as il is used simply iu cou- ^ ;i
ducting an opeu and legitimate business. '5
That, indeed, needs far more checks ami
safeguards thrown around it than il has for ?P
years received. And the long credit sys of
tern has, we know, to answer for much of
iha recent speculative movement. If h *1
man has turned his goods iuto caslr at four ?p
months, ami has not got to pay for them bli
under eight, he <es not want the money do
t ? lie idle. Hence, lie invests it in all sorts *p
of things of which he knows nothing. A nd
few for lunate hits of this kind will make sp
the most conscientious merchant a specula no
tor r f the w??r>t kind in a year, without he
knowing that he is doing wrong. nn
Hut we are not now speaking of long J"
credit. The point we wish to pre>s i<, llmi "r
whatever use a man may make of credit *!'
in his own legitimate business, he has 110 *K
right to transfer the ri-k which must al Wl
ways attend it, without the creditor's con- l',1
sent, to any other line of business. lie is V
intrusted with good-, because lie is known su
to be in a certain line of business, not be |
cause he has capital enough to pay fir what ' w
lie is tru-ted with. A man out of business J ,c''
would not be thus creditor!. Hut his charactor
is reported good, and he, being in a ;
business r- gularlv to sell such goods, can '
in due time pay for them and gel a profit, j m
If it were conjectured that he would pur- 1 80
chase lottery tickets with the money, he t ll*
would not be trusted. Hut where can we lu
draw the line? No tuau has any more 1 w
right to make u-e of his credit as a regular
l'eiitisvlvauia country merchant to go into
the land speculation in Iowa, than to buy ,
lotto'V tickets in Maryland. The creditor 111
was willing to tako the risk from lo ses in '
the tegular course of hi* business but not 10
willing, of coar?s*, to run into extra and un- !lt
necessary danger.
Vet many say all business has its risk-1, ^
and that fioui which we by this rule should
QC,
b.? prohibited, those whose regular businos
it i.*, in iv go into legitim itely, and 111 ike '
u-o of the usual facilities of credit to carry |
it on, without it* heing considered specula- j
lion. This is exactly so. The man who
lias all hi> life dealt in s?g tr, will know
more ah ml that trade than the speculator
who goes into a purchase blindfold, A u(
shoe-m iker 01 manufacturer may he snfe'y j,
trust* il t?? in.tko and sell shoos, but not, t(.
therefore, to judge ?>f Western lands. It is' ..|
the misfortune of nian v a man to be a jack ;t,
of all trades, but a master of none. Hut n,
such, il known, arc not trusted. For any (|
m an, then, to transfer the credit ho receives j
in one business to any other, is speculation V(
in the woist sonso of the term, it is just jj
this which is the cause of all the present re- ^
Vlllshm. It is this which hits itflrnle*A.l 1 .1
credit, suspended the banks, ruined It 11 n>
ilr.'.ls uf 11<o rich, and is starving thousand* H,
of the poor. ? PhiUuletphia Lrnlycr.
At the reception, on the IDtii of Xovein C
be.*, of the Siamese Ambassadors by the j ei
t^ueen of <irent IWitain, the presents from p
the two Kings of S;ain to the l^nuen were p
arranged on either side of the room. Thov n
comprised an eastern crown of gold and ?j
enamel, enriched with diamonds, emeralds, h
and rubies; a large star; a massive ring, set T
with diamond*; and a variety of precious n
stones; a golden belt, enriched with rubies; i
a chair of state or throne; a rare and valua g
Lie white shell, having a number of jewels ti
inserted; a cup and saucer of agate; a state ti
palanquin; a st ile, saddle and bridle; a num It
ber of umbrellas covered with gold; etnbroi- t<
derv; boxes and cups of solid gold, silver
s ilvers with gill embossed edges; a metal
drum, and a variety of other m tides of rari- li
t v ami cut ions work mansliip, together with v
a painting of the Court of !ho Kings of it
I Si am. c
I I
The Richest Man in England.
re8H He is the Marquis of Westminster. Hit
du. w?nhh in estimated at ?21,000,000 sterling,
or $105,000,000, >unl his minimi income at
?700,000. How he became so immensely
uch rich is explained by Shelton Mackensie, llio
iu?t well-informed titulary editor of the Philadelphia
Press:
Some people may de?iro to know how
*sa the Marquis of Westminster comes to jkmK!
sc'ns this immense property, equal to tbo
!or.'' fabulous wealth of the Count de Monte
Christo. More than half of it Iihs accrued
|.U 1 witiiin the last fifty years. The Marquitute
"lH of Westminster is a modern creatiou, daiere
ling no further back than the time of the
'"*e reform bill, when Karl Cray rewarded
. many of his political supporters with new
rus' peerages and with advancements in degree.
Thus the Karl of Grosvcnor was cliangH
r-i, into "thy most noble tire Marquis of
! Westminster," and originally inherited,
'ml with his father's earldom, the estates?at
'.aR" that time chiefly consisting of land in Cbesshire
and I >orsetshire. But he also wn*
'* owner of a large tract of land in Westmin?
ster, stretching from the houses of parliaarl
men I to Chelsea?land which originally
? belonged to the crown, and was sold to the
ave Grosvenor family for a trifle, lly degrees,
.roe as London increased, particularly spreading
.Kr to tlie west, as most great cities do, thi*
land, swampy and barren as it was, came
1 e into request for building purpo>09. George
LSS'! the Fourth, ashamed of such a residence as
imi" St. Jaines' Palace, (which originally was
otl^ a hospital, and looks like one to this dny,)
j and tired of Carlton House, obtained auan
thorisation from parliament to build another
t ,,n palace on the site of Huckingham House,
">e in Pimlico, formerly tlie property of his
" *? mother. Queen Charlotte. In the ceulro of
atn' a swamp, and only a few feet above the
] ? ; level of the Thames, from which it is not
UI>1 far distant, this was, perhaps, the very
,er" worst site for a dwelling in London.
, . Hut upon it arose the present Buckingin\'
ham Palace, the town residence of Queen
ecli, i ?:.i. -i~
Hon. Caleb Cushing.
The following extract is froin an add
tlie Hon. Caleb Curbing before
>ung Men's Democratic Association
>ston, pending ilia la e election. S
peals are in the right direction, and u
xluce conservative etrects:
To conclude, then: Merchants of Ma
melts, with yotirstipe.b galleons from
pyards o| East Huston and Newburyp
ving over tho sea in the pride of tl
iiuty and their strength, freighted v
j rich agricultural productions of Caro
(I Louisiana, you have been told I
it your interests are in contlict with tl
tlie South! Manufacturers of Massac
Is! you, with your palatial manufactoi
weave into appnte! for the world's ?
8 agricultural productions of Georgia
abama, have been told here that
tst surrender yourselves to tho evil si
jealousy of the South. Citizens of >
:liusetts, and especially you of the irn
hI classes, who wear the cotton, oat
rn and sugar, and drink the coffee
,ve labor, and who provide objects of
tho use of slave labor, and of those
rn it?you also have been told that si
>or is the irreconeileable antagonist of
>or, and that, therefore, leaving all ol
ings, you must betake yourselves to
ig tho South, with a sworn hatred
it of Annihal for Koine. Men of Mm
usetls! you are exhorted to cultivate ?
blu relations with Cuba, slave col
ougli it be?tosupply ii with lumber, f?
d other objects of value, and to buy
nsume its products, nn?l ihus to sus
d perpetuate slave labor llieie, and I
ive owners?while yon are called npoi
irifice the peace and honor of the Si
ti dedicate yourself, from rcprobntioi
ive labor, to unceasing hostility nga
ur own countrymen of tlie SouiL
ales.
When I hear such counsels darkly i
ted, under specious disguises of spe
the State of Massachusetts, it seem1
e that the hirst JVinpter, as depictec
illon, is before my eyes?
At the ear of Kve,
saying by his <ie*ili?li nrt to reach
ic organs of Iter fancy, and with them forge
isiotia, as fi? list, ptumn?ins and dreams;
if, m-pring venom, Ii? might taint
e annn i| *p t.ll, lliat Irotn pur? blood arise,
kcgi title breaths from rivets pur?, thence t
h nst distempered, discontented thoughts,
in hopes, vain aims, uordinnte desires,
o?n uj? with high conceits engendering prid
My friends, to dispel such mischievou!
irations, it needs but the lightest to
Ilhuriel's spear of truth.
I say, down, down to the infernal
iere they la-long, with all these Oerelic
Motions of malice, hatred and unchir
eness! You, the people of Massachtis
i not, in the inner chamber of your In
prove, and will not, on cousideral
opt, this abominable theory of i-ectii
ite and hate. You will, in the en
>t to-day, repel that policy with scorn
uror. Before that time of sober jt
outcomes, I who stand up for the Ui
its letter and spirit?who will die in
each rather than 4 let it slide"?1 ma;
uck down by tlie tempest of paity
in, but others, better and more fortin
II rise up to fill the gap in the rank
e sacred phalanx of the soldiers of
institution. Man is feeble, mortal, t
ml; hut our country is powerful, itni
I, eternal. In the long ages of g
liich lie before us, rolling onward out
r another like the ceaseless rote of
rging waters on the sea shore, wave i
ave rushing on to fill the place of
Inch sink* into the main, generation
en will come and go, with their joys
rrows, their aspirations and di>apj><
er.ts, their conflicts and their recoiu
jus. 1 hen it will be seen that he
as the highest had boon but an aton
e great whole, and he who was hum
id been as much. Wc are alike in
mils ot the Almtglily, and but the in
ents of His will in the doing of the f
ork commenced by our Pathers at Ja
wn and Plymouth? continued by t
Saratoga ami Yorktown?carried 01
i at Mtinteruy and Mexico?the i
ork of reduciug to cultivation and c
lion the savannah* and forests of
nintrv. Massachusetts, once the ha
[ate of the Union, will not he found I
ard, at the hour of need, in jierfon
r appointed part of that great work o
ord 'iod in the New World.
Tub Gkhat Mocri..?The aged Kit
villi, a feehle toof in the hands of (lie
cupants of l>e hi, was a captive it
amis of his Knglish conmieror*, at th
-t advices. T.ie report that his two
lad boon shot" appears correct?witli
Idilioii licit they bad fallen in battle
>t as the words might seem to impl\
ie vengeance of the British. This s
g?, who is hotwecn eighty and 11
ears old, could scarcely have been hi
ve promoter of tiie late revolt. Mali
urajooden Shall (iagee succeeded hi
ler as King of Uellii, in 1S37, and
ten retained, by the lvi?t India Cotni
u King in name only, for ilto last tw
ours. A ponsioned descend ant of thi
ice of * dtoinu 1 >?n Kings of the Delli
lourl presented all the worst evil* of
rn depravity and luxury. In his
ulacc, at least, he was allowed to retn
over of life and death, and \\n? cm
oil as luxurious. The stipend ann
ranted to "His Majesty" was twelve 1
alf lakhs of rupees, coital to $02j
lie K isi India Company committed a
intake in allowing such ample 111
fter they had virtually annihilated tl
nl authority. It would not surpnso
nd tliein providing for tin- gradual dii
on and tiual extinction of all (ho lar
nvancvs which they have hitherto
3 the deposed native Princes.
Ono hundred and fifty-two lliousat
undred forty five paiia of woollen
icre knitted hy the women of Now
i) their leisuru moments, in 1656ash
valuo was $46,207.
f muni*, iiiuuiiu ?* IHV.U, wiiii uutj r?piuiljt
' ,to soon accumulated new squares anil streets,
the habitations of the rich and fashionable
people of thn West End. Many of these
squares and streets, consisting of palatial
houses were built on the Grosvenor ground,
but not with Grosvenor money. The Lond
>n practice is to lease out the building
lots at so much annual ground rent; for the
tenant to build the houses according to certain
architectural plans supplied by the
le." landlord, so as to secure uniformity of ap,
in. penrance and construction. The ground is
uch generally leased ninety-nine years, at the
expiration of which period it reverts to the
pjt< landlord, together with whatever edifice Lm
I |H. been constructed on it,
ata- Qf course, as each of these houses comet
eltrT back to ,'10 landlord, the grandson of the
?art present Marquis of Westminster, who may
don be living when these reversions come iqtQ
jnal operation, will l]nd his London income
d if marvellously augmented?for if the rent for
amj the bare ground of a fashionable dwelling
uj,, in "lJelgravia" (so called because the Marnion
411'* a''? Baron llelgrr.ve) be estimated
ll,e at ?'300 a year, the dwelling itself, when
y it falls back, literally for nothing, as part of
j,as. the Grosrenor estate, will be worth ten times
>ate ns much. Whoever shall be Marquis of
s of W estminster in the year 1000, may ealit]ie
mate his London property at not less than
ran- ?1-000.000 to ?1.500,000 per annum. A
,U)r. comfortable inconto for one inan, unless injury
deed by that lime the artificial distinction of
, af rank shall have become things of the past,
tjie to be philosophically contemplated by Mr.
ipoij Macau lay's Australian citizen, as he sits on
that l'ie tuins of St. Paul's calmly smoking iiis
3 of pipe, and musing on the decay of greatenjand
pi res.
lint I With ail his wealth, the present Marquis
:i!ia Westminster was not above accepting
who ; service in the household of Queen Victoria,
n ()f and wearing her lirrerv, as lord high stew-,
blest M'''?:* sort of upper tlunkey, whose duty it
t|,e is to play the part of ti st class footman to
^lru. | his mistress, curry a white wand in bis
'real band before her, and invariably walk hackin
es- : wlt,J 1)1,1 ?f her presence, at the risk of (allheal
'ng, which his happened more than ouco.
, pv A marquis with ?'7Ul),000 per annum, who
jrfiit wou''l thus act as upper lackey for ?2,000
ivili- a year, is precisely tito man to give no more
our than ?100 to a national charitable purpose,
niter wbile Mr. lhackeray (whom, no doubt, be
- '??k* down upon) gives ten times a? much.
ning Pkmockatic I'koquic&i.?The way the
1 the Democratic parly progresses towards uni
I ver*al bljivory may bo learned froin the
subj lined paragraph fiom the Wn-hington
'? Union, '.lie central organ of the party:
late i \\ ;i*h n<*t<ni (.Yin.) Rra.
ii tlie " The Constitution declares that 'the ciltie
la zeus of each S'ate shall be entitled to all
?oi?s the privileges and immunities of citizen* in
i the the several States.' Every citizen of on?
, and ! Stale coming into another State lia*, ibert\
by (ore, a right to the protection of his perron,
ovor Mini that property which is recognised a*
ineljr such by the Constitution of the United
n ac- States, any law of a Stale to the contrary
oinel j notwithstanding. So far froin anv Stat?
is fa having a right to deprive him id litis prophas
erty, it is us bounden daty to protect him
[tany, in its possession.
renty , "If these tiews are correct?and we believe
* last it would be difficult to invalidate theiu?if
i. llis thnt nJI Cl/il* ?r.'1? -- -
J - ..?. .... wra? tuwn, ivntmrr organKjut
i ic or otherwise, which prohibit a citizen of
own one Slate from settling in another, anil
,'\n n\\ bringing hi* slav prQjxrty with him, and
cl a* mo#l especially di during it forfeited, art ditially
reel violations oj the original intentions gf
tnd r u (tavernment which, as Wfoie .Mated, is the
,000. protection of person and propertv, and of the
great Constitution of the Unite*! Slate*, which reT
leans, cognise* property in *Iatw, and declare#
10 ro that'the citizens of each Slate shall l.e enQi
to oiled to all the privileges and immunities
uiiiu- of citizen* in the several State*,' among 0??
go al K)o?l essential of which is the protection of
made person and property."
The Fair field (Iowa) Ledger is informed,
on good authority, that a Missouri *l%vet)*d4id
six er has removed to Warren oonnly, in that ?
sock* State, and lie* brought, with Him or sif
York, | slave*, wltont ho claims a right to keep and iK
Thfttr, work otj the free soil of Iowa, gudwr lit#
I Drcd Sooll decision. 'j