Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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1,1 * y * * . ~ * .** *?*r? * . * t *>. '* ?* .* * '. * * *' ?*??- ^ * . ? * T,* ' r "* * * . . i . . - . r-. ? * * . i .' ** . , ? k * j . ' v _ v-,. ? # ' ' - * . * t f . . i* L- ' ^ * ? . - . * . . ' * * > . . - , .* -* * f ??*. ' * . -%J.X . \ -i.-y . ' . * . ? ' THE CAROLINA SPARTAN"^ ? O,".'1 .: V, < . . v! i * i. ' - ?' * "* ' m^hsadm i i -u-^ " * ' 1 * . ma^ * by cavis & TKIMMIER. Dnrolrfr to Southern ftigfjts, politics, dgviculturf, antr iitisctllamj. $2 peb ahntjm. VOL. XIV. " SPARTANBURG, S. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1857. ==~ W 41. BWggggegp^^^^"gegagggggggeggg n i i sbsbbsbsss __i THE CAROLINA SPARTAN. BY CAVIS & TlUMMLER. T. O, P. VERNON Annotate Editor Pflco Two Dollars per nnaum in advance, or $2.50 nt the vinl of the year. If not paid until after the your expires $3.00. Paynvnt will be considered in advance If mnde within throe months. No subscription takeu for loss than six months. Money may be remitted through postmasters at onr risk. Advertisements inserted at the usual rates, and entrants made on reasonable terms. Tlio Spastaiv circulates largely over this and adjolniiv* districts, ond offers nit admirable medium te our friends to reach customers. Job work of all kinds promptly executed. Blanks, Law and Equity, conliuually on hand or printed to order. CAROLINA SPARTAN; MESS AC! B OF GOV. R. F. W, ALLSTON, TO THE Senate and House of Representatives. DELIVERED NOVEMBER 24, 1857. Executive Department, Columbia, S. C., November 23, 1857. Fellow Citizens of the Senate and House of Jleprescn tati ves: Assembling R9 you do for the public service from every election District in the State, representing nil professions and occupations, you bear with you, doubtless, a grateful sense of the present blessings enjoyed by our citizens of health and bountiful harvests, and will cheerfully unite with too in aspirations of praise to the Almighty Power, by whom alone they are bestowed. In view of all the circumstances by which we are surrounded, our people cannot have too scrupulous a regard to individual integrity, nor can wo too strictly guard against the failings which peculiarly beset us, assured that a practical life, which best illustrates a due sense of duty to God and our neighbor, constitutes the inost acceptable service to him who orders the a Hairs of men, and whose eyes are upon us all. It must ueeds be that sickness and death visit every community, striking down the youthful and aged, the vigorous and active, as well as the infirm. If we have seen the energetic minds, industrious powers and generous impulses of friends and public servants stilled in death, we have left to us the inestimable satisfaction of knowing that (hey met their fate with courage in the path of duty. Since your last session, death has deprived the delegation to Congress from this State of two valued members. In the month of February, the lion. Preston S. Brooks, while in the midst of active public duty, eugaged in a course of usefulness and honor, and winning by bis manly conduct and sterling worth, the confidence and admiration of members, was removed to another sphere. The only ollicial intimation I had of Mr. Brooks' death, whs communicated 011 the '25ih of March, by one of our Senators, the late Judge (fuller. Within two mouths from that date, lie, too, was laid in the si lent grave, beside his gallant relative and friend. Excitable and conscientious as he was, the labors of the lust Congress had proved loo much for him. Honorable and fair in dispatching business?vigilant and faithful in his peculiar trust?diligent, spirited, and able iu discharging it, Ins uervous sensibilities were too highly wrought upon, and the tension of his mental energies loo incessant to bo longor endured by the physical frame. Soou after reaching the coveted quiet of his owu home, he sank into the arms of death, universally regretted by bis associates in life, mourned and lamented by bis constituouls?the people of this State. The vacancy created in the Fourth Congressional District, lias beon filled by the election of Gun. Milledgo L. Bonham, of Edgefield, vvbo was mtumissioned iu May last. In placo of the Hon. A. P. Butler, I have made no temporary appointment. You will /InilKt lAca tittitrnaiafa il?r* ii|'pvv.inio litsj iiuj;uiiiiiicu ui aujr plying tho vacancy by joint ballot of both Houses without delay, in order that tho now Senator may be enabled to take his seat in tho next Congress at an early day of tho session. Thero is yet to be mentioned the name of another venerable citizen, once intim 't'iy and prominently associated with the Government of both the Stale and tbe United States, whoso loss wo deplore, and to vvhoae brilliant career of early service I nuy be permitted to allude. Erect and commanding in stature, up to tho day of his last iilnoss, grave and dignified in deportment, wise in council, tirm, reroluto, and faithful in tho practico of his profession and i the duties of life, such was Langdon Cheves. Successful in life, full of honors, and prostrate only under the weight of years, he has boon laid in tho grave by grateful countrymen and weeping friends, with all the sob oiunltios and respectful observances duo to such an occasion. Ho was the last of tho ,1: ,:_ . i * !. ~ i ? -i ? ui-'.i jguiaueu irio, wuo, uy meir auuuy, in- I tegrity, and courage rendorad tho South I Carolina Delegation in Cougroas, during th> war of 1812, so distinguished and intluen- ; tial. Togother they laborod nobly and efficiently in thoso days of fearful excitement 1 and trying difficulty, fur tlio welfare and 1 honor of their country. The Navy, which 1 ,it was Mr. droves' peculiar care to devolope 1 and cherish?the Navy, bearing its ilagand ' leaving its name triumphant upon every 1 tea, taught thu proud foo a lesson of justice, ( to recognise America as an equal among ' the nntions of the earth. The war honora- ' bly closed and a pence establishment settled, ' he rotired from the Speaker's chair to serve I his State in tho Judiciary Department, until f called on by Pr&jdent Monroe to adminis- I tor the Bank orfjjUjUh^ted Statos. Absent ten yoars, be returmHSay^Oto the quiet 1 of his native hills, Pr(^WW| the South I the danger which he had j simultaneously with his distiiq^H^HBttf / poor in tho tendency of Fedoral beyond occasional counsel, ho declined ami participation in public life, until tho year i >960. Then, At tho ago of seven ty-four, he I I I appeared at Nashville, as a member of th I Southern Convention, intent to perform t the last his part, by warning his country men against the policy of a majority ii Congress, which,substituting expediency fo principle, w&s gradually sapping the Con slitution, and threatening ultimately th rights of tho Stales. His last public ac was signing the Ordinance of 1852?pnssci by the StHlo Convention, of which he wa a member. Fast the age of four-score yeait having long survived his great co-laborer and worthy colleagues, Lowndes and Cal houn, he, too, is gone. Like them, he ha left us, in his upright example in all publi stations, in the loftiness, the purity, the sim plicity of his character, in tho trull), an< power, and grandeur of his eloquence i legacy of priceless wealth. The South Cakolina College.?Thii Institution, so deservedly cherished by th people of the Stale for its usefulness, as wel as its renown, has undergone, siuce you adjournment, a severe trial, owing to th indibcretion of youth and some mistakei notions of honor, which have obtaine? among the students, together with tho wan of aptitudo and power to administor the law of the College, which unhappily character ized the President, a man distinguished fo science, and otherwiso of practical v.seful ness, who, as Professor of Mathematics, wa eminently competent, able and valuable Called together at an extraordinary meet ing in the month of June, the Board o Trustees deemed it essential to the due per formnnce of their trust to re-organize tlx Government of the College. Accordingly the members of the Faculty were invited t< resign. President McCay bad previously tendered bis resignation, and the exercise of the Oollego were suspended till the Is _ f n.i i . ? 1 ui vciouer, iuus making llio annual vaca lion eighteen days longer than usual, am dispensing, necessarily, with llio June ex aininatioo. Assembling again in tho montl of September, at no little personal inconvo nience, the Board of Trustees have deemct it wise to restore the greater number of th< Professors to tho duties of a Faculty, as signing to each individual the charge o the various branches of learning iu sucl order, as, it is supposed, will ensure, hero after, their greater usefulness and eflicieucy By a temporary arrangement, which was ordered by the Board of Trustees, the du ties of tho Mathematical Department ha: been assigned to the Professors of Natura Science, and of Chemistry. It is to bo hopet that this important chair will bo delinitelj tilled before the close of the year. Ilowevei universally it bo admitted, that the Classici should constitute the leading feature iu tin leading Literary Institution of tho State yet in a community of planters and farmers where agriculture prevails, even iu connec lion with the learned professions, the itn jiorlance of Geometry, Trigonometry, Sur veying, Mensuration and Mechanics, canno be overlooked in completing the educulioi of youth, nor should we fail of inviting tin students to a due understanding of Astrou oiny. Natural and Experimental Philoso phy, Natural History and General Science Again, Chemistry, Geology, Mineralogj nllll \ll*Ipnri?l/urr U'i It loirfuvna .* ?.! ^ .... ? ? ?.M IVWIUIC3 UliU CA|?CI I meats on the application of Chemistry, (Jo ology no J Electricity to agriculture, consti lute an essential branch for which a Pro lessor is provided. Until Juno the Prcsi dent of the College was, also, Professor o Mathematics. Since September, the Pro fes?oi6 LeConte have attended to the dulie: of this chair in conjunction with their own As regards discipline, it would be derog atory to the just intlueuce of parents, sup posing theiu to have done their duty l< their children at homo, and humiliating t< our common nature, to maintain that in telligent and nearly grown young gentle men, need strict surveillance at College; U be kept in order by the force of authority whilst they are profiting by the amph means to pursue the higher mathematics and to accomplish themselves in classica literature, which the Slate has so wiselj and liberally furnished for their benefit No! let the Senior members of College ac with discretion, moderation and decorum and let the younger be controlled by theii precept and exatuplo. It does not ofte( happen that inon who are devoted to study either scientific or literary, (and it is will such men, chiefly that the Professoria chairs must be filled.) are found to posses: among their other gilts administrative lal en I*. Young gentlemen of eighteen 01 nineteen years of age should know some what how to govern themselves. Until tlx students of the College shall become alive to a sense of tlieir persona! responsibility tc tlio State and to themselves, tlio very bcsl administration of the College laws, as si government, id destined often to fail. On entering Cullego each student signs "the Roll," (lie captain of which embraces n pledgo to conform to tlio regulations, and to avoid unlawful combinations. On the late occasion the young gentlemen seein to have persuaded themselves that, in repudiating tho authority of tlio President, they wore acting individually, not in combination. Yet, after a conference with the l'ro lessors, it wns manifest to the lioard thai almost the whole College was implicated, I lie students deemed it a point of honor tc sustain the class, which refused to recite to their chief Professor, because tlioy had questioned his integrity and condemno I hie sdministrativo ability. Here is evidence ol axtensivo combination, yet no student was made conscious of it. It was duetned necessary that the Trustees be assembled to instruct the Faculty as to their execution ol .ho laws of the College. Our young men ire commended to the sentiment, well expressed elsewhere by an able writer, himiclf an alumnus of tho College, "Obedience .o law and to lawful authority is houor." AKSKNAL AND ClIADEt. ACADEMIES.?I >og leave to refer you to tho Roport of the Hoard of Visitors of tho Slate Military \cadomios, which are nourishing as ever. Llioir order and disciplino aro exemplary. uating < lass of this yea nsistout to society in its vawho, as heretoore, by their c^K^HH^fca^ingnoss to e | be useful, will do credit to tbeir training, A 0 and to the State whose patronage they have ei shared. al Q Free Scqools.?Tho Free Schools aro 10 * doing more good than they have been al- ai ! lowed credit for. Wherever educated gen- ,n e tlemen of the country have genorouRly int terested themselves in tho subject, and with P1 1 commendable zeal and public spirit have 1,1 * devoted a portion of their energies to the 11 >, success of tho schools, the law has operated s well. As a basis for a practical system, re- 80 I* gurding tho cliarncter of our population and )'1 s the geographical peculiarities of tho State, r" c I have not been able to arrange ono more *11 i- satisfactory. Let its provisions, with some i amendment, be faithfully and judiciously a executed, with consideration for those chiefly inteiested, and it will discover itself to l>r s our community a system nt once available, a useful and creditable, inviting and reward- ro J ing tho services of qualified teachers, a sup- ^ r ply of whom cannot bo too early provided ^ a lor. Tho excellent public school which has Vl i been orgnnized in Charleston l?y the Com- re ] missioners of St. Philips and St. Michaels, '* t will very soon furnish a number of young nt s persons who, it tnay bo hoped, will do ?l . something towards introducing into othor l'' r portions of tho State, the benefits of the iin- rc . proved system under which they have been s trained. I recommend that provision bo v .. made for the establishment, without delay, . of ono or more Normal Schools,'nt which f tho promising pupils from tho schools be. low may be further educated for the pur3 pose, and trained to tho art of teaching. ^ t These aro admirablo institutions, and, if 3 well managed, cannot fail to send forth the f young people of the Stato iuto the business . s of life as witnesses of their usefulness. They 'n I are eminently entitled to the notice of be. nevolent and public spirited citizens of ca \ wealth, who may desire to render useful to ?* - their kind, a portion of the surplus moans c" i with which tliey have been blessed. The \_ . first Normal School in America was found- j' 1 ed on an offering of $10,000, for the pur- ' j pose, by Mr. Dwiglit, a wealthy citizen of w' . Massachusetts, to which the State added c f $10,000, and tho thing was soon accom- ":l ! plisheJ. I have seen that school in success- '} . ful operation, and freely givo you my be. lief, that a Slate which pretends to sustain i a general system ol public education should . not remain a year without a school of tho Wl s kind for the regular supply of competent ^ 1 and accustomed teachers. In order to add 1 effect to the system by fuinihiliug ?.ho moans ed ? for self-regulation, and by which may bo Ik r imparted to it equal usefulness in every pi i portion of tho Stale, I reeommeud thnt tho tli ) sereral Boards of Commissioners of Free r, , Schools be authorized by law to raiso, by Y< , assessment on the amount of general taxes sa . in their respective Election Districts, a suiu pi . of money equal to that appropriated by tho to - State out of the public Treasury, to be ex- gr t pended and accounted for in liko manner. w< i Wltenerer the funds can be raised for tho in i purpose, I think it would contribute to the is.. welfare of the State to establish also a Ma- pr . line School, at the port of Charleston. in Asylum for the Deaf and dumb am) of r i hk Blind.? I transmit the lieport of the co Principal of tho Asyluin for deaf mutes and m the blind. The public works there are in to . progress, and 1 am happy to have it in my I iti . power, by aiding in the expenditure of the *]' . public money, to contribute somewhat to *?_ f the liberal establishment of this high chart- so . ty. Among tho blind, as well as tho deaf en i and dumb, trades are beginning to occupy su the inind and tho hands of pupils, thus as th . suring them of their ability to he helpful, nc . and cultivating a wholesoino self-respect S<1 > and cheerful industry. Soon will grow up ad > a colony of pupils on tho lands of the State, co . and a society which will bo independent -'i'1 . and thriving, by their various trades and m > occupations. The Commissioners will see th j in u? regulation in uuo lime, lheso good ot j ci'irons have performeJ so well tlio service i, of llie State in this regard?so consistent rJ | and disinterested havo been their labors? in r so judicious their airangetnenls for the . benetit of their charge, that 1 havo great tli I satisfaction in co operating with thorn ex- an , oflicio. I recoininend that they bo invited ?t, r to einbraco within the spliere of their super- he , vision tlio public education under the Free nn , School laws; that they bo authorised to or- gt i ganizo and establish ono or moro Normal til I Schools in each division of tlio Stale for the (>n i preparation of teachers, and to introduce sh . and explain improvements in the method* j ' ) r ol instruction. They should be allowed,1 su whilo on duty, during the recess of tlio " > Legislature, the pay and mileage of incut- j th j bora. Hitherto they havo received no coin- ! i peusation beyond that which aiises from h< t 1 the consciousness of rendering good service , II to tlio State, nnd kind oflicos to the inter- 1"' i | esting objects of their caie. 11 The 1>e La llov. Scuooi. at Lethe.? g-? > j During the last Slimmer, in making a l'' i military tour through tho Slate, a day was ra i ' devoted to the* school at Lctlio, in Abbeville )'c ' ! District founded by the will of Dr. John :ks De La llowo, at tho closo cf the last cciilu- j w' I ry. lie devises tho land on which ho rosi- ,u ded, with all his land adjacent, lii.s library,, < <tc., *kc., for tho purposes of keoping up tho , > fariu and establishing a school fur the sup Ml port and education of twolvo boys and so ' | iweife gins, 01 i\i?neviue I'isiricl, so ns lo ;i v 1 qualify ihom to raako intelligent and useful cV farmers and farmers' wives, ami especially 11,1 ! recommends that t ho principles of chemistry " bo taught, so far as they aro applicable to : ar practical agriculturo and dotnostic economy. \ "I1 Thus it is, indeed, a valuable nucleus of '"I ' agricultural education, worthy of tho con- I f'* ; sideration and enlightened patronage of tho j General Assembly. Jt is the foundation of i co ; a benevolent foreigner, whose remains are vc there untoinbed. and whoso oxatuplo is enti1lied to lasting honor and influence. I have '' ; recommended to the worthy Commission- a ors, who now dovoto their time and attcn- 0,1 i lion to its interests, to raise the standard of l':l education in proportion as their moans will ; va allow. A difficulty in the way of their to1 greater usefulness, they represent to mo, Pj" lies in their want of places for their pupils < after completing thoir torm of four years. " If they wero authorized, by law, to send I'r > one of thoir young tuon annually to the ^ raenal Academy, at Columbia, or four, o reti two in tlio course of four years, am so within tho same term, four of the girl > a Normal School, iu order to learn tlx t of toaching, this obstacle might ulti ately be passed. Their teacher, thi >ar, is a young man, formerly one of tliei jpila, who has passed successfully throng! io four years course of the Slate Academie* would contribute materially to the pro ress of that kind of education, which lia > long been desired in Carolina, if thi >ung man could be sent to nu Agricultu I School in Kuropo for two years, and re ru to take charge of tho Lethe Schoo ur years, in compensation. Finance and Hanks.?The financial con lion of the Slate is sound, though at tlx csent moment necessarily somowhat cm irrnssed. Without including tho surplu: venue, $1,051,422 00, which is held ot >po*it, the debt of tho Slate amounts t< 1,058,081 50, drawing interest at a rati trying from 3 to 0 per cent. Tho taxe turned for tho last fiscal year are $463, 14 55. Tho ordinary annual expenses d< it exceed $350,000. Hut tho payraeut it of the Treasury tho past year far exceei at sum. For particulars, I refer to tlx port of the Comptroller General. Tho same report will present the month exhibit of the condition of tho Banks I'ithin ten years tho number of Banks lux jen increased to twenty, which are re rued monthly, with un aggregate capita '$14,837,<>41 25, with a specie basis ii ,'ptember of $999,399 70. and a lino o nncstic exchange amounting to it 10/205, 10 98. Of the last sunt six of the Bank; the commercial city of Charleston, hav g a capital of $8,137,G42 25 returnee r their part only $3,027,G57 73. Tin pitnl of the ten Bunks first named in tin ;hi!>it amounts to $10,137,042 25; theii rculation for September was $3,389,820 eir specie on hand, for the name month >97,949 15. The circulation of the satin inks, as shown in the month of October as $3,800,504, and their specie amount I to $130,893 95. Tho ten Banks lasi uncd, having together a capital of $4, >0,900, returned for their circulation ii ptember $3,715,314; specie on hand 101,450 21. The circulation of the sanx inks, as shown in the October exhibit is $3,218,315 50; specie on hand, $207, >7 11. In the first half of the year, I was pleas 1 to learn that the bills of tile prinuipa inks in South Carolina constituted still t irtion of the most approved currency h e West, and were available, ulso, U livelier* us far North as the city of Neu ork. Those of the smaller Banks, it wai ill, wore sometimes found, at ccrtuit unta in tho Western States, circulating o freely and in too great numbers. Ii anting charters hereafter, I think ii on l?i be well to confine tho Hanks to deal g in exchange, discount and deposit. Tin ?uo of bills for currency should bo tin vrogativc of the Bank of the State, which its turn, should be denied the privileci dealing in domestic exchange. Tht rporations which demand a circulating cdium for their business, should apply the State authority for the same, depos ng one-third of the amount desired ii eeie, and the remainder in satisfactory eurities, so as to assure the public of tin undness and convertibility of a inixci irrcney. This suggestion is made on tlx pposition that the .State will adhere U e liank of the State as its fiscal agent >t because 1 prefer it as such. I'liles; me such modification of the system b? lopted, 1 am of the opinion that it wouk induce to the soundness of the currency id more to the interest of the whole com unity, to have the banking business o c State done by six corporations, ins teat 'twenty. 1 recommend that the laws against usu lie repealed, leaving the legal rate o tcrcst at 7 per cent., where no contraci made. Acknowledging the principle o is reform as sound, I have hitherto, ii lollu r capacity, refrained from pressing believing that the public mind shouk ' prepared for it by full diseussion. 1 n now of opinion that it should no Ion r be postponed. Money is entitled t? o benefit of a market as well as every mmodity. And the owner of money ould not he denied the privilege of lend g it except through the artificial, am mctimes costly medium of corporation inks, too, should lie allowed to take, foi e use of money loaned, whatever it ijrlli in the market, and he thereby re ved from the tempting facility of ovang the law in order to increase theii ulits. Sl'SfENStON OK SfRCIi: PaVMKNTS. lie rzlintr ti*.. ...... ? v....q ?i?\ i \ ? wilt i i t umuii hi iiiitiiiv u tint o currency, I will not attempt to ciiunic to its causes, but will venture to direel uir attention not so much to the lfank to the system of banking. A system licit sanctions the issue of paper money so large an amount, loading to inilatct edits, inflated prices, extravagant habit; living and reckless speculation, may h( pposed calculated to produce a crisis oner or later. The unhappy ?inking o hip with bullion from California, or any cut sufficiently exciting to create a mo culary panic, was enough to preeipitatt It lias had the effect to paralyze tin m of honest industry, wherever labor i: posed to capital?to depress the open ? market for produce?and to imnaii 0 confidence between man and man. fh( inks in this State were effected by tin ininon panic, and felt the pressure so rely?some of them yielding to its in once, have suspended specie payments 10 suspension of specio payments by bank, is a failuro to redeem its notes 1 demand?a forfeiture of its promise t< y in gold or silver, current coin, tho ful lue of every hill issued, from its conn r?a promise, on which is bused tin ivilcge granted by the State, to issui lis, and to circulato them as currency uwever, it may bo supposed to nilbrt eseiit relief to the business interests o o country, which, unfortunately, are s< r wound up with the banks as to sutler ii ) evitibly from the contraction of their crei its and their stringunt demands, it is d 0 moralizing in its tendency. The banks of this State, with which 1 at s not at all familiar, nro well administer! r Several of them have bravely withstoo 1 the schock, und are prepared to do a legit i. mate business as usual. All, it is believe! are solvent. If however, there be soia s so dependent upon the banks and broket i of New York, as to fail in their pledges t - the public, when tho Northern banks fa - it is their misfortune to have to answer ft I the sins of others, us well as for their ow mismanagement. The consequences t tho quiet, uninitiated and the laborin a community, are alike distrust and los leading to want and suffering, too often t s moral ruiu and crime. The Stato, to* i suffers from tho abstraction of coin an i tho depreciat ion of credit in tho sale of he a bonds, both for building the New Stul i Capitol und for aiding the construction ! - the Blue llidgc linilroad. (Of the forme j 1 signed 400 certificates on the 5 th Marc I i and of the latter, 100 on tho 4th May.) 1 Whatever the exigency, it will bo Ion a before confidence is generally restored, an commerce can move tranquilly and sufel . in its usual channels, though not near s . long, 1 trust, as in 1837. Then tho su s pension in Charleston took place in Ma* and lasted 15 months; now it occurs i 1 October, at the opening of a business set i son, with a fair, (though not large,) cro f of cotton and rice on haud, as tho basis ! - commercial communication with capita i ists of the homo market, and of exchaug . with Europe. 1 Tho moment of excitement, apprehei 9 siou and financial pressure, is not a tim . t.. i iu ivgimaiu lusjjwiuig mu iKiiiRs. lUoc: r isting laws, it* sound, will be vindicated i j practice; if otherwise, it will be wise t , repeal or modify them, when the publi ; mind is calm, and commercial contideuc , shall have been restored. In enactin - statue law, the statesman to whose wisdoi L and integrity the public welfare is cutrus ed, will not, for the sake of doing sotni i thing when in position, yield either to tli , crude suggestions of his own obscrvatioi : or to the outside inlluence of opinions, crei , ted by undue excitement on the one ham - or by interested iudividualsor corporation on the other. Meanwhile, I may not omit to invite a I tcntioa to the udmiruhle operation of tli i system of finance, separate from bank i long since adopted by the Federal Goi ) eminent?in sanctioning w hich, that t*? r verument has entitled itself to the ruspei i and confidence which are due to superic 1 w isdom and foresight. During the recer ; confusion and consequent panic in con i mercial circles, it has done much to bren L the crash upon the people of the unstabl - frame-work erected upon the credit syi i turn, uud to save them from the full c ; fects of the collapse of an iutlated ban , currency. Iu a pecuniary sense, merely, salarie officers are not injured by such convulsion ; which must reduce prices. But of u ' classes, the least liable to he affected b - them is the planter, w ho is happily out t i debt, who properly drains and plows dee ' his soil, and whose contented family illu trate, in their daily life, the beauties t 1 simplicity and virtue?the social eheerfu ' i ness of industry and a just economy. Li > him send forward to market his crop, us , is prepared. Every sale that is tnadi ? every debt that is paid, every hundre j dollars which circulates from hand to ham I will help to restore the general credit, an , | to re-establish a healthy currency, so ne< -1 essary to prosperous and stable market > Planters, as well us others, must subui 1 to a reduction of prices. They are cnt tied, also, to claim the benefit of a reduce - scale in purchasing supplies. Although tli f market fur produce must rule lower, l wili soon become healthy* and compciis; f ting, if the crops be not withheld. ' Tub Laws.?With my best discretioi ' 1 have endeavored to ensure a faithful e\i J eution of the Laws. Several cases of har< ' ships, doubtless, have occurred. Whet such have not been relieved by cxeculiv ' interference, it has been owing to the to fretjwent instances of a similar kind, in perativcly reouiring examples to doU ' others from ollcnding. ' It is to be regretted that offences by i licit traffic in spirituous liquors, with n< groes; especially, are so numerous. Tli 1 t?>o prevalent taste for strong drink sui gests this tratle to the unprincipled, as tli ready means of making a livelihood, or < amassing ill-gotten gains. As the difficult of detection increases, it may bo well t - re\iso the law and make somcamendmcr I as to its sanctions and the nature of it - penalties. In certain quarters the evil L growing out of its infraction are complies > ted, and threaten, unless checked to bi i come grave. it may bo in this, as in some other case I that tho law would bo efficacious if thos 4 who aro expected to enforce it wero m >i " faithful and prompt. There is a teuderne: * in our nature, which misapplied, deters me I from informing against offenders, and froi ' carrying out fully tho law entrusted to the * vigilance. There exists, too, sometimes, a ' indifference as to a proper knowledge of tli ' laws generally, which, inexcusable in tl > citizen nid-i tho bold man, whoso design to profit by disregarding their provision liven soil o who boar tho commission of it: State sooin in ignoranco of tho law, pn scribing their duties to act mainly c grounds of expediency and motive of pol cy. Surely tho citizen who accepts, nine moro ho who ftulicits a commission, shoul ' inform himself as to tho duties of his at: * lion, and peiform thorn to tho host of h > ability, faithfully. 1 j Whenever 1 iiavo had occasion to into I fore at all with tho sentence of the Court ' : in ca?c* whore tho penalty was to bo it i j dieted on tho person, oilhor capitally or co ; porally, ( have directed tho Sheriff to cot I i line it* execution to the nrocinls of tho jai I j yard, with the Clerk of the Court and soic > I few substantial citizens at witnesses. ii- 1 think that the law is deficient in otnit- cur U J- ting to provide some punishment for those good e- offences which are technically culled the g< breaches of trust, or embezzlement, in con- dom i 11 tru-distinctiou to larceny. The violution to be ]. of inorulity is the same in both?the dif- > favor d I fcreuce between them, artificial und is tru ;i- shado.vy; and 1 see no good reason why memi j, the one should be visited with the most to oui c, degraded punishment known to our stat- it by rs ute book, while the other passes unnoticed, postci :o Recent experience has brought forcibly to the y< il iny notice, that some statutes, prescribing to ren >r a severity of punishment which is not con- tions, n sonant with the necessities, or the spirit of to stc ,0 the age, have been allowed, through over- emuh g sight, to remain unrepealed, and though pose i s, nearly obsolete, in fact are still of force, provi ,o legally. In this view I would recommend the N 9, a revision of the criminal law, and consid- St; d ering that this law is simple, and capable Febri ;r of being rendered comprehensible to all] Mugu :e persons of intelligence, 1 think its reduc- the pi >f tion into a code would be advisable. Farm r, Federal Relations.?In the occasion- suffici a, al discussions of the political position of autho the State, 1 have taken no part. Regard- lots, I g ing it as well settled since the Convention by ai d of 1852, 1 perceive no room fir material ing. f y differences amongst her citizens who wish ger ti io to agree. If there be a respectable num- ensue s- ber who desire to associate themselves lings with the general Democratic party in the ^ n nominating conventions, let them do so wouh a- without committing tho State. While in- sirous p dulging the spirit of conciliation, however, Bessie jf it behoves us to beware, lost in our kind respo 1- feelings towards the distinguished citizens to pu ;e v?i mat puny, wu unit imo tiio smootti parts current of nationalism. The Federal as- the li l- poet of South Carolina, so far as it is influ- After ic cnced by her State policy, is obuoxious to comp 1- many politicians in Atnerien; and some of torne n our own good men seem to believe, with cost i o them, that it is chiclly aristocratic pride for rc ic w hich keeps her in position; that the men addec e of South Carolina arrogate to themselves the gi g superior wisdom and patriotism, and to low n a their women superior virtue. Whereas, prose t- without arrogating to themselves any su- the ci 2- periority, the truth is, that whatever of tor oi le wisdom or patriotism or virtue may char- West i, acterise her people, uro among the happy porti< consequences resulting from bar institu- I'he j: 1, tions, political, social and domestic. Long ty wi is may wo cherish them. other The comparative segregation of the be pr t.. State in politics heretofore, is not as hope- the ci lC ful to some progressive minds, as the pow- prope er?the seeming order and harmony? by an proceeding from combination with a na- sion. tioual party. Experience teaches the no- Ca t, cessity of tolerating extremes, even in poli- eot yi >r tics in order to secure a just mean. If South tiou ?j it Carolina has ever occupied the extreme lion b position of isolation, it wasnot from choice, Sarnri k but from the force of the patriotic priuci- Meuq e pies which regulated her action, like the happj s. balance wheel whose motion, peculiar and muni< f. to the cureless observer apparently use- end o k less, is yet so necessary to the successful Nortl and safe operation of the great engine, the n d There is, in fact, no disposition on the part turbid Sj of this State to either fanaticism or isola- lantic H tion. Politicians may wrangle, and pub- welco y lie journals may oppose one extreme of to oui jf opinion and argument against another; the the M p people of the State will adhere to the just 1 u medium. Venerating and preserving those ways jf principles so essential to the reserved Knox 1. rights of the State, which are illustrated by na th it the history of t.'-arolina during the lasttlur- had t it ty years, thay will be ever ready and wil- of th s ling to make common cause with the neigh- Augu J boring Suites, having a common interest triuin to protect, and to unite as heretofore with celleu .1 the general Democratic nartv in the Ele *. torial College, and in the federal (Juun- neers, oils, also, so long as those principles are Ge it duly respected in practice. ?1 t Kansas.?Our triends in Kansas, who tinue j have struggled manfully to sustain an uno- rev o ie quai contest, are entitled to our sympa- the 11 it thy, 'tis all we have a right to offer. Not- cultie x. withstanding the machinations of design- their ing men there, and the perversion ofpow- in the ( er, whether individual or conventional, will I due to notions of expediency, 1 trust that suing j just counsels will yet prevail and ultimate- Survt v ly establish in that dovoted Territory a *pect< , system of Government conducive to their togeil iC true interest and the public welfare. variai Mains and Connecticut.?I transmit Th jr certain resolutions from the States of for th Maine and Connecticut, which indicate the c*ro | J. prevailing opinion of the Legislature from 'ut which they emanate?so totally at vari- mouv ance with our own. They protest against ?. the late decision of the Supreme Court in io the case of Scott r*. Sandtbrd. The p?>>f litical principles recognised by the decis- o v ion referred to, meet with the sanction of * ^ ^ "o the people of South Carolina, who ap- ^ ^ it plaud the wisdom of the decree in which oup S ! they are now judicially embodied. Owing ^ Is to the prejudices of birth, education and ^ i. association, men reared differently will di- j f l;. verge in sentiment from each other. Espeeiallv is this the case in relation to do- c '. HO IIP mestie slavery?an institution which exist- ^ . i0 ed when the American Constitution was j .1 1 e adopted, and was recognized thereby. Ix?t jlono| ^ the law of charity prevail in judging one I ". ...... ,.../ww?nji n tho property of our fathers in negro slaves, j ^ . ir wo deem ourselves entitled to the respoct n and aid of all good men and wise states- n 10 men. Our ancestors, dealing with gold ie and silver coin, houglit the negro from the ? capitalist of England and New England, wor^ s. 1 whoso thriving trade, however abused in . . 10 ; many instances, was overruled by the j ' (.. ! Providence of God, to convert the barbu- i j^a| ,u rian bush man of the African coast, into j j r j. the orderly domestic, the Christian black- . 11 laborer of America. There aro few re- 1 " ~ ,1 suits more amazing in statistics than those ?*n * n. which aro produced by the fruits of this ' -1 ' is labor??a labor w hich could no more be dispensed with by America now, than r. could the commerce and manufactures so dependent on its productions. I1WT# ?- Tur Statub of Washimotom.?Oneof;??y t r- the last letters which 1 received from the o*cap i- j late Senator Butler, related to a copy, in I* bronze, of Houdou's statuto of Washing- W ie ton, which ho recommended should be pur- actioi chased by the State. It is pleasing to re* whicl ?????? .+4 > the recollection of this grot and man. It is a boon to mankind when >od God permits sometimes the wis* if love, associated with faith and hope, embodied in a human form, whose , we inay look upon and admire. It * e thac our debt of gratitude to his jry cannot thus be paid; but it isdua rselves that we should acknowledge some visible token, and it is due. to. rity to provide a monument, to which Dung may be pointed when curious ilize the idea of his manly proporor when enjoined by their matrons idy the character of Washington, and itc the virtues which adorn it. I pro* that a statue be ordered and that sions be made for its erection with !cw State Capitol. ite Magazine.?in the month of jury last, in making a visit to the zine in Charleston, I discovered that Gprietorofthe land adjacent (Payne's i) had divided it into lota, allowing ont room for streets, which the city rities had caused to be traced. These l?y squares, in succession, were sold iction in the city market. Conceivjrthwith, the inconvenience and dan* > the property of the State that would from having persons settle in dwelof any sort, under the very walls of lagazitie, and the loss which the State I have to submit to hereafter, if de* i to dislodge them when once in pos n, 1 did uot hesitate to assume the nsibiiity of instructing Mr. Yeadon rchase for the State all the lots and of lots between the State lands and ne of the North-Eastern Railway, some delay this was at length aclished, by the assistance of the Aty-General, in the month of May, at a >f $3,435 f>0 for the land, and $11 50 cording the titles, to which is to bo 1 th?i sum nf* ft? ? V. T'WVW v ?WI VII^IVOIU^ round*. A portion of this tract is narsh, covered by the tides, and at nt valueless, except lor privilege; but mvenience of transportation by waI the East, and by railway on tho , renders it practicable to fill theso >ns whenever it may bo desirable, robability is, that the whole proper. II rather appreciate in value than wise, in the course of years. It will oper and safe to close the streets of ty so far as thoy run through thi* rty. I recommend that this be done ithority of law at your present Se*. aklestok and Memphis.?The pre*, mr has been signalized by the comple. f the connected milway coimnuuica>etween the Atlantic at Charleston and mah, and the river Mieeissippi at ibis, in the State of Tennessee. Tbie r event was duly celebrated by the :ipal authorities of the cities at either f the lino, in May and June last. In i Latitude 32 deg. 40 min. 1 witnessed jeeiing of tho waters?those of the 1 Mississippi poured into the briny At; and on the part of the Stale I gave me to our neighbors of Georgia, and r common frieuds from tbe Valley of Mississippi. ust it will not be long before the rail, from Memphis and Nashville aud vilio will debouche into South Carolirough the Blue ltidge mountains. I lie satisfaction to witness the progress e tunnel on this line, iu the month of st. I recognised on that occasion tbn pbs of scienco at every step, in the ex* t dispositions o( the engineers. The pirit seemed to prevail among engicoutraclors, and laborers. OLOG1CAL SuilVKV AND Kx(i 18TRATIOH. rust the General Assembly will couits patronage to the Geological Surf tiie Stale, and to the Registration of irtba, Deaths and Marriages. Diflv s must attend both undertakings, in iucipiency. But I am persuaded that j clever reports on those subjects, you 5nd reason to be encouraged in pur* them. The report of the Geological ivor, and that of the Adjutant and In* >r General, are herewith submitted, ler with Major Parker's report on the ions of the Magnetic Needle, at your deliberations may be directed e good to the public weal is my sin* ?rayer. o your hands the aflfuirs of the com* renlth are committed. R. F. \V. ALLSTON. ve Him a 1'u a dr.?If Education is the buckler and shield of human liberty, level..|H;d Industry is equally the buck, id shield o( individual independence. unfailing resource through life, give son, equal with a good honest trade, r any trade than none; there is ample for the adoption of every inclination in Oi.IY4S. i i aurnA.1 rv9- ? !.? *? * ?'! v--|fw 4wni nv\? HIIU r|IQ? re employments may fail a man, but >nesl iinu<ltcrafi (radu, seldom or uever ts possessor choose to exercise it. u*l feel, too, that hone*t lai>or crnfts are rable and noble. 'Hie men ol trade* > real creators of whatever is mo*t e*il to the necessities ami welfare of iind?cannot t>e dispensed with; the? s ail others, in whatever repute they be held bv their fastidious fellows work at the oar of huniaii progress or lost. Hut few brown handed trade* era think of this, or appreciate the real on and power of the w hole compass. *0 your son a trade, no matter what te he may have or may seem likely to it. Give him a trade and an edttca. -at any rate a trado. With this he Iway* be independent.? Spirit qf th$ nsure is willingly indulged, because it r* implies some superiority. Men l themselves with imagining that they made a deeper search, or wider enr? ban others, and delected faults which e vulgar notice. 6 should often he n?h-tmed of our best its if the world knew the real motive* i produced Attn.