The Carolina Spartan. (Spartanburg, S.C.) 1852-1896, November 12, 1857, Image 2
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^ ' * *
BY CAVis & TBIMMIEE. Dcooleir to J3onti)nru (Xxofots, politics, &gritnliur?, orut iitiscrlJnui}. 62 pee anitojl
' VOL. XIV. SPARTANBURG, S. C., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1857. ' """" NO*3& . 3
mup niBATTWI o*i ?? ' '
or&aiAH.
Bf~CAV3s~&^5iMMlER.
X. 0. P. VERNON" Associate Editor.
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CAROLINA SPARTAN.
ORIGINAL ESSAYS.
Spartanburg Agricultural Society.
REPORT ON~MANURES.
Your Committee aro at n loss to know
on what branch of this prolific subject to
write. The kind of manure, the manner of
making, and the mode of application, might
acli well engage our attention for an Lour,
and a report three hours' long would bo
more tedious than profitable. We must
therefore necessarily bo geueral in our remarks.
We concur unanimously that the
most important matter about manures is to
have enough of it, of some kind or other;
henco how to make it the cheapest and
most abundantly becomes of the greatest
importance, whilo applying it to tho land is
comparatively a small matter.
We do not deem it necessary to enter
into a learned chemical analysis of manures;
this we leave to Yanquelin, l'etzholdt,
Thaer, Liebig, and other agricultural clicm
ials; as what is contained in tlicm is not of
as much importance to Ibo farmer as how
to mako it aud use it.
A knowledge of tho constituent elements
of mauurcs would be of little value without
a corresponding knowledge of tho constituent
elements of tho soil and atmosphere, as
all plants derive their sustenance both fiom
the soil and atmosphere; and in order to
know what kind of manure to put upon anv
giveu soil, you must know what quantity
of those clcmcuU necessary to vegetable life
is contained in thai soil, aud what is wauling
in order to wen manures as will
supply tho deficiency needed.
The principal elements of nl.mte ?>
boa and nitrogen, liutnus and ammonia.
The most of their carbon and nitrogen is
derived from the Atmosphere, and iicnce the
best manures hio those which contain the
greatest quantity of hum*?a and nmiuonin.
llumus is decomposed vegetable matter,
while ammonia is the principal ilm.oil of
animal manuios. Ture ammonia is destructive
of vegotable life, and therefore those
manures which have loo much ammonia are
not so good, unless mixed with humus or
earth. The best and most expeditious modu
of making manure, therefore, within the
means of every farmer, is by mixing his
vegetable and animal matters together, viz:
His leaves, straw, stalks, &c., with his stable
manure, to which n little lime added
will expedite decomposition, and improve
bis manure.
In a few words, therefore, if a farmer
would make the largest quantity of manure
possible in a given lime, be should pen his
cows, hogs, sheep, and horses, every night
during the winter, and keep their stalls and
pens constantly covered with dry straw and
leaves, and whenever they get so filled lip
as to roquire cleaning out, takeout th o
leaves or straw, mixed as they will bo with
manure aud saturated with urine, and throw
thein in peus in the lot or in the fields w here
the manure will be needed; and if you have
it, or can get it conveniently, mix a little
lime with it, cover it over with earth, and
leavo it exposed to the rains. In this way
* any farmer may mako overy milk cow make
manure euough in tho winter to pay for her
food during the whole winter. The practice
of burning the leaves in the forest is
ruinous, while the custom of burning oQ the
leavos in n new ground is as unwise. If
tho loaves be too thick on the ground to
plow, it will pay the farmer to haul them
to pens, and let thern remain thoro until
tbey rot; or if he will put them on his lots
or stables tboy will pay betlor. Wheat
straw is worth throe times its marketable
raluo to any farmer who lias poor land.
And who has not? If ho will put up his
milk cow every night and throw a little
dry straw in hor stable, she will not only bo
easier kept, give more and hotter milk, but
will make 8 01 10 dollars' worth of nianuie
out of every 4-borso wagon load of wheat
straw. The manure thus mado, when well .
rotted, contains the proper proportions of
the elements necessary for vegetable life,
and may he applied, not only with safety,
but profit, to all the crops grown iu this
country.
Straw, oak, or pine leaves, put up in manuro
pens or piles, and covered with earth
as directed, w ill rot in two or three months;
and all made any time before the 1st of
Jauuary may l?o used in the ensuing crop
oy wLi:ii we win designate internal appiicalion,
that is, by pulling it either broadcast
and turning it under, or drilling it in the
furrows or hills of the corn or cotton aud
covering it up; and all ninde in this way
before the first of March inay bo used by
oxlernal application, that is, on corn around
the stalk after it has como up and been
plowed ouce, which is as good a plan to
manure corn as any other. A double handful
of well-rotted compost tnanuro to each
hill of corn just before the second plowing,
to bo covered up by the plow, will increase
the product of the corn from 50 to 100 per
cent.
The opinion of your committee is, that
the most prolitablo mode of applying urnuuro
in the hill or drill, eillior to corn or
cotton, is as follows: In January or Februaly,
in fact as early as it cau bo done, after
the previous crop is gathered, lay off your
land by opening a furrow with a twister,
running back and forth two furrows in the
same row, and llieu follow with a subsoil
plow, and put two furrows with a one-horso
subsoil plow, or one with a two-horso subsoil,
then scatter your manure along tbo
drill as thick as you havo it to put on, not
loss than 12 or 20 bushels to the acre; coror
this with two twister furrows and let it remain
until you are ready to plant, and then
open with a long narrow scooter or bull
touguo, which will stir up (be manure aud
mix it with tbo soil?drop your cotton or
corn in this furrow; and if cotton, cover with
a cotton covcrer; and if corn, cover with two
furrows with the subsoil one-horso plow;
and your committee will insure au ample
reward for the labor employed.
The subject of green manures is loo
much neglected in our distiict, and your
committee are soliiuiled in their experience
on the subject that we can only express tbo
firm i^nnwiplinn #1.- 1 *
..>..v..vu, ?iwtu tu? ?uiwugy ui naturo
and tho ihcory aud experience of others,
that the pea vine may ho successfully and
profitably used as a green manure, and
would earnestly recommend every farmer
who lias the means to try the experiment,
as wo arc sure they cau possibly lose nothing
by the operation. Sow them broadcast,
about half a bushel to the acre, aud
turn them unJar with a turning plow (aud
follow with a subsoil plow iu the same furrow)
just before frost.
\ our committee cannoi ?include without
urging upon every farmer the importance
of devoting more time and attention to the
subject of manures, as thoy regard it in
connection with bill sido ditching tho only
sure and speedy means of improving and
advancing the agricultural interest of our
country. licspectfully submitted,
J. D. WRIGHT, Chairman.
The Origin of the Bank of England.
So late as the time of tho Restoration,
every merchant kept a strong box in his
own house; and when an acceptance was
nresented tn liim ?!.! a?- <- "
? - - ? uun u IIIU v/rowiis
and Caroluaes on his own counter. Gentlemen
locked up tlieii gold in their country
houses, or travelled with it in their coaches.
These were tho halcyon days of thieves,
when a burglar would often be .able, after a
single night's work, to retire with a fortune;
and highway robbery was a lucrative profession,
whose adepts wero styled "Gentlemen
of tho ltoad."
l>y the end of Charles U's reign it was
discovered that it was both safer and more
convenient to have agents to keep the cash
of commercial houses. This now branch of
business foil naturally into the hands of the
goldsmiths, who were accustomed to traflic
largely in the precious metals, and who had
vaults whero masses of bulliou could lie secure
from firo and robbers. It was at the
shops of Iho goldsmiths of Lombard street
that all the payments in coin were made,
fuller traders gave and icccived nothing
but papor.
Of course tho goldsmiths, from being
the treasurers, soon become the masters of
the city. Goldsmiths were tho moneylenders.
Goldsmiths furnished the funds
for all new enterprises. A goldsmith's note
passed current on 'Chargo for cash. The
nobility bad to court the favor of the goldsmiths,
and Royalty itself, when a Government
loan was needed, privately summoued
some of the wealthy goldsmiths to its audience
chamber.
Tho same reasons that led the community
to gather their cash into fifty vaults, instead
of leaving it scattered among a thousand,
soon led them to see that it would bo
.mi I?m? i - ?
..... ucuci iu *.eep 11 111 one, instead of fifty.
In William the Third's time llic nr..ler was
freely discussed, and in 1CD4 it took the
definite shape of u plan for a National
Bank.
Of courso so great a change was not effected
without bitter opposition. A largo
class denounced the "Bank of Kngland"
with much violence and vindictiveness.
Tories declared that l>Ahk* were republican
institutions, and piedicted the ruin of the
monarchy. Whigs declared it would be an
instrument of ltoyal tyranny worse than
the Star Chamber, and predicted the ruin
of Kugli&li liberality. Tho nobility suspected
it to be a scheme to elevate traders above
the J'oorage, and the poor were made to
believe it a new device to grind theiu to
tho dust. Nevertheless, tho Hank was established,
and gained popular favo, less by
arguments than by its niauifost convenience
and utility. It lived and grew and pros- |
pored, and for a hundred and fifty years
tho wealth of Kngland has lived ami grown
and prospered with it.
from the South Caruliuiuu.
The South Carolina College.
Tbe following whs addressed to the Gov*
ernor by one ot tbe Alumni of tbe South
Carolina College, who has travelled on tbe
of Europe, as an oHoring for the Continent
benefitof his loved Alma Mater. It contains
the substance of a previous conversation on
tho subject of college reform. We have obtained
it for our coluruus, in order that it
may bo more gauerally circulated:
To Jlis Excellency It. F. IK Allslon.
DgAK Shu In compliance with your request,
I have hastily thrown together my
views on tbe subject of college reform, and
such as tbey are, I respectfully submit them
for your consideration.
I repeat what I said \o you in conversations?it
matters little what name we give
the iustitution, whether college or university,
provided there bo a proper arraugomeut
of discipline and of study.
In providing for tho success of an institution
of learning, two things mainly are to
be considered: first, the provisions made for
the discipline and government of the members;
secondly, tbe methods of instruction
pursued therein, or the uppliuuccs for the
acquisition of knowledge.
It is chielly in referenco to the former, 1
think, that our college has failed to develop
the grand results, which, fiom its fine
endowments, might reasonably have been
expected from it. It has been found wantiug
in tho very element, whcli, nbovo allthings,
constituted good government: 1
mean a community of feeling and of purposo
between tho governors and the governed;
between the professors and the students.
These seem to have exhibited towards each
other a constant nutagonisu). Little impressed
by their mutual obligations to promote
each other's welfare, they have entertained
toward each other feelings of indifference
and independence, and for nearly
fortv years have rladiwl in
** - >... w
their mutual injury, and to the great detriment
of the institution of which they have
been constituent parts. It needs no philosophic
pen to predict that no change for the
belter cau occur iu future, un liliiS SulilU |>OM* I
live reform?new elements of discipline?
shall be introduced.
It is a well-established principle iu government,
whether as applied to small bodies
or large ones, that there must bo one power
to make laws? a separate one to judge
thoiu?aud another to superintend their
execution. Among a people accustomed to
]>olitical liberty, no government can be successful
without such a distribution of power.
And the principle is as applicable to the
college as to the State. A large number ol
the oTr<aiioA4 committed willitu Die College
walls have pcmoual concern with some one
or other of it- Faculty; and we could as
soon expect a community of citizens to bo
satisfied with the administration of justice,
which authorizes the offended to sit iu judgment
over the offender, as to expect a satis
factory administration of the college laws
when the professor is allowed to go reeking
from the scene of personal insult, to judge
and pass aentcnco upon the student who
has offended liiru. bitch an administration
is against the course of nature and of reason,
and can never succeed, though applied
under iho most favorable circumstances. It
is one of the great principles of government
aud of public liberty, that an impartial tribunal
must stand between the injured and
lln> n^ncA/1 o?"1 ll
..... -film Ik la iliiuklivr greiil principle,
that llio law should bo executed in a
passionless spirit, according to tho rules of
a merciful justice.
The first thing, then, to l>e sought after
in establishing a proper discipline for the
college, i> a supervising executive otlicor (it
matters not whether he be called president,
chancellor, proctor or rcctoi,) whose duty
it shall be, in conjunction with the Faculty,
to have an eye to the conduct and diligence
of the students, and who, removed as tar as
possible from all temptations to partiality,
should seo that the discipline of the college
be properly and wisely carried into effect.
His duties should be well defined, and he
should have no connection with the lileral
iy exercises of the institution. In all ordinary
offences, presenting few difficulties and
requiring little or no investigation ot law
and of facts, the judgment of this officer
will suffice; but graver matters lretjueully
arise, such as rebellions, insults to professors,
secret violations of the college laws, ?fcc.,
in which it is often necessary to investigate .
and decide judicially and impartially.
In the second place, then, there should
be a competent court in the College, with a
judge at the head of it, having regularly
defined powers, with authority to make a
thorough legal investigation of ail offences
against the laws, and to administer such
punishments as the law may prcsciibo..
Subjecting the student to the strict discipline
of law, will not, I know, suit the taste j
of some who rely altogether upon the principle
of honor in governing the young men
of the college; but what, 1 nsk, is the basis
of all true honor but proper observance of
i t \ - ...
inns iimuuu upon mo principles of justice
and honor? To what is the appeal of honor
made, if not to tho observance of those
very laws? Certainly not to tho mere
whims and caprice of a young man's conscience?
This would be anything else than
a code of honor. A proper spirit of subor-'
duration to law is worth more to the young
men in Republican Government, than all
the vapory notions of gentlemanly conduct
thuy can possibly acquire in tho bo called
schools of honor. Rut true gentlemanly
conduct is over and beyond the law. It is j
the offspring of a native generosity of char- I
actor, which tho law can build out and per-!
feet, but can nover destroy. Resides, young
men, when they come forward into life, are
compelled to obey the laws of their country
and to observe tho forms and judgments of
our courts. What butler preparatory training
could (hoy have for these important du- ,
ties of manhood, than that to which they 1
I would bo subjected in tho cullego eourU.'
| Such a tribunal would, 1 aiu sure, give
I satisfaction to the professor and lire student.
It would declare impartial and truthful do
unions between the Vacuity aud the atu ]
deals nnd the laws?anil that native sense delh
of justice implanted in ail right-minded na- subji
tures, must secure (or it a lasting aud hap- tarai
py success. privi
Take, then, some prominent nnd expori- 0.
cnced lueinber of the bar (at Columbia;) *ion
give him a salary of eight hundred or a be ci
thousand dollars, aud require him to hold fixed
court iu collego one or two days cvory week, of tfa
to try all offences that may be brought be- of s
fore him by tho ofiiccrs ol the college, or shou
by the students themselves. Nothing, in ing
my judgment, would be bolter calculated acad
to preserve order uud discipline in tho col- then
lego thau such a court. Its decisions would miss
be acquiesced iu by the students, because of ih
it would be an independent tribunal, stand- to at
ing impartially between them and the Fac- T?
ully, and the professors would find them- whic
selves thereby relieved from tho unnatural quir<
and unpleasant situation of judging in their joct
own cause, which is so often the source of ;hev
their unpopularity. radii
Dr. Waddel is said to have introduced a lege
discipline something like this iu his Acade- view
my at Wiliiugton, Abbeville District, at favoi
which were congregated from 180 to -00!ends
students from every | art of the State; aud j tcrre
iu ruanv of tire Herman Uuivcrsilius, esj>o- | requ
i'i.-I i i?-?
iu.li ui Liui 11 ilt IlltVlllg UpWal'llH Ol I wliu
'-.',000 student*, and 100 professors and leach- prof*
er.s, this court lias existed with the happiest our I
results. of rc
lJoro, then, would ho iu college the three port;
necessary elements of a good government lore
?ihe trustees acting as a legislative body; see
ihe judge as the judiciary, and the presi- ?uro
ding otlicer as the exeeutivo. Under such aui,
an organization, I venturo to ]>redict the
course of tlio college would be smoothly onward,
and iho additional expense would be
more tbau twice repaid every year of the
existence of the institution. A
Tlio next point to be considered, is a re- citiz
organization of the literary department of vide
the college. In my opinion, moie would tiers
bo done lor the success of college itislruc- com:
lion by the establishment of a few high Kin:
academics in the Stato for the preparation his <
o! young men, than by any other means ngai
which can, at present, bo adoplod. Still, Virg
some changes may bo introduced iu the "iho
college curriculum that might better adapt nali'
it to the existing stale of things utnong us. how
] cannot concur in the opinion of some, sunn
that students should ho required to lake ou- * J res
! y three branches, and to choose entirely lor side,
themselves. A plan of study should bo The
preset ibod, and degrees con fared as a re- solr<
ward of merit aud distinction. This 1 take the
to bo absolutely necessary as a spur to the oflio
ambition of iho young, and as the only way to It
of securing a proper standard of scholarship, rcvo
It is unnecesvury to resort to the monastic pass
Jogrcc*. .-uir .a V.i.v.: fa i\o continental l'nii
universities, such as I Joe lor of Diviuity and gioc
Doctor of Law, Doctor of Modicino and Doc- tv, a
tor of l'hilosophy. This would bo uusuitcd ed, f
to the state of things among u>; but may ism.
not something like iho follow iug be adopt- Ii
cd with succo>st \\ hi
Kcipiire each student upon entering col- The1
lego to lake fee branches, two of which? they
for instance, an ancient language, and some Join
branch iu mathematics?shall bo prescribed war*
by law, and tlio other thrco bo chosen by Join
himself. Put, at iho same liino. lot a num. a..,i
ber of brunches bo arranged, us convenient- Mar
Iv us possibl", to suit tba various callings in man
life, to which shall bo attached the dcjrcc ougl
of the college. Without aiming at more tudc
than the j'lan, this may bo dono somehow the
lb u>: greu
sili?r.:s lou iiiOtiK designed foii the wcr<
Mixi-ruy.?Ancient Languages, Moral 1 'hi- and
losophy, Mental .Philosophy, Natural Phi- F
losophy, Logo and Kheiotic. inar
l-'ou Lvw.? 1. Ancient Language, Mela, ed :i
physic* and Logic, Moral Philosophy, l'olili Suu
cal Science, Mathematics. vest
Fori Mi:iucim:.? 1. Ancient Language, not
Natural Sciences, Moral Philosophy, Mo- avd
dcrn Language,-., Natural History. and
Fou Planum;.? 1. Ancient Language, ries
Agricultural Chemistry,Modern Languages, red
Moral Philosophy, Mathematics. well
Fou Mkhcastii.k bi/siness.?1. Ancient firin
Language, Modern Languages, Moral l'hi- theii
losophy, Mathematics, including Book- ?(ju;
Keeping, llistoiy aud Geography. a pr
Gkm.uai. Cot use.? 1. Ancient Lan- Can
guage, Modern Languages, Moral Philoso- "del
]?hy, Political Science, History and Geogra- to ll
phy. title
J should add a Law 1* rofcssonfiip, but' inllu
mote to serve the purposes of a general ! fieie
education than with a view to professional j ed ]
ends. In addition to the above courses, ileal
which can he easily arranged lor a teun of lord
four years, they should he entitled to the: F
Baccalaureate degree of the College. 77icy, j he c
however, who may adopt the lirst plan t Bob
named?i. o., pursue the studies of their Iters
choice after the two presciibed by law? they
should hut ho entitled to the College de ho il
gree-, but simply to a ceitificato ot jiroli sulli
ciency.
r. . I
J 1 ho iusli uclions should continue to ho v'orl
diulectic.il and not altogetherynUctioius, as ^e I1
iu tierinan universities. j h?U
0. The professor* should bo allowed a , r,o''
small fixed salary of $1,000or *1,J00, with il"^
the privilege of charging pupils w ho take 'll8 1
their branches as much as ?10, or less if
they choose, la thus proportioning the.
pay of the professor, to some extent, to his Sarv
diligence, ability and learning, his be-it ef- j )oU
forts will be secured, and tlieio will bo os
tahlishod between himself Mud the student
a tie ot friendship, which would greatly as Mirv
sisi in the government of tlio institution. moil
i. In addition to the regular professors,! 1
there should ho licensed teachers, who may c,rtn
give instruction in the college. Any young | 'lc 11
man who may <>!>. .in permission from the lo l'
l'rustces for teaching and lecturing in the ?h
college, should ho allowed a small salary of to t!
?jt)0 or ?(500, with tlio light to charge pu- lis, i
pits who may attend his instruction froin?l not
to ?10 each. I his will open a field of lite- j kept
rary labor to the young mon of talent in "Oh
the State, and will do more for tlio cause of youi
learning than any reform which is likely to spiri
be made, it will form among us a class of to g
literary men, from whom tlio college may yon
always bo supplied w ith able professors. | ^ es,
??. 1*1 tcli uglilar profonsoi - 1 > ill bcicpiii- h iv?
cd, in tbe tuui.o of lire academic \cui to d.tili
er monthly public lectures, on boiih
act in his own department, and the
3 privilege should bo extended to tin
lie teachers.
A slaudard of qualification for adinis
into the college should unquestionably
itablislied, and tlio ago of sevenleer
1 for the time of admission. The ohjeel
10 institution is to elevate the standard
cholurship. To effect this, student!
Id have ample preparation before gain'
admittance into it. Had we the Stall
oinies abovo alluded to, graduation in
i would be a sufficient passport for ad'
ion into the college; but in the abseuci
ese, au examination test is the only way
I m it.
j fill out the minuluc of this plan, ol
h the above is a mere outline, will ro
a labor and reflection, but no great ob>
can bo achieved without these; and
who are in earnest in making some
:al improvements upou our preseut col
discipline and instruction, with tin
of re instating the college in public
r, and of making it subservo the high
of such an institution, w ill nut be de
d by the degree of energy and w isdom
irod to effect these improvements. One
, like yourself, has long manifested :
jural interest in the public education ol
State, will, I know, coino to the task
Term with a resolution equal to the im
unco of tho work involved. Every trui
r of the Slate must earnestly desire U
tho college placed onco more upou t
basis. With the highest esteem, 1
your obodicut servaut. **'*
The Kevolutton.
From IVarsou's History of FaiifiufJ.
t tho commencement of the war, tin
ens of Fairfield were about equally di
d in their politics. The Europeau set
said "they had just arrived in till
itry?that they had corue in on tbi
bounty?bad obtained their lands by
jraut, and it was ungrateful to tun
nst his government." Many of tbi
;inians and PeunsyIranians turned then
ughls on peace." There were but few
re Carolinians in the district. All
ever, were indomitable Whigs. It wut
olliing strange after nil that the sous o
iu Frin were inostlv found on ?I??? <?
- VJ "
Ait apology may bo imule for thein
people from Antrim had formed them
,-s into a strong militia company undei
loud of James Phillips?elected theii
crs, and had taken all preliminary .slop1
mder their services to the colonial ami
lutionary government. White aboul
ing resolutions to that effect. Join
lips, an Autr'un man, arrived on the
ind. lie was a person of great author!
ltd in an address to the persons asscinbl
>crverted tho whole iuto dow uiight lory
t tho courso of tho war many of th<
igs established a character for heroism
y had to perform a double duty, ami
nobly performed it. Tho names ol
i Lylcs, (ho vms liner,)Thomas Wood
1, Aratnauus I ..vies, Kobert Hancock
t Pearson, Benjamin May, John Cook
row Gray, Jumos Kincaid, Edward
tin, John llcll, George Perry, (witli
y others mentioned in litis history,]
it to go down with honor and grati
i to posterity. Can wo love loo muci
memory of theso good and true, if noi
,t men? They were great men, for the)
i patriots and warriors "without fcui
without reproach."
airfield was a battlo-fiehl. It was ro
ked that many of tho Whigs establish
> fame for her<>istu of the highest order
iter said: Benjamin May was the bra
mail he ever knew. Among the Tories
one hcio was to be found. The Whig:
Tories met at Mohlcv's tueoliiig-house
after lite first crack of tho lillo the To
lied to a man. The satno thing occur
at a Whig und Tory skirmish at Cald
's place at Leo's Creek, and after tin
g and the rotil of tho Tories was perfect
r i\.l I .I .. I?I :n:_- '
. , vui. vuuu i was iouiii
itled in a briar patch, aiul dragged ou
isoncr. The Court of Appeals of Soul!
din a have tacitly aflirmed tliat tin
il is entitled to his due." According
tat potent decision .lolin Phillips is eu
d his due. He had an unaccountabli
letice over Cornwallis, and in the beni
tit exercise of that influence lie obtain
ardou for all tliO Whigs condemned t?
li at the drum head court, while hi
ship occupied Winusborough.
urir.g the stay of the llrilish chieftaii
dteu sent for John Milling and Walt]
etlson to converse will) him about mat
connected with his command. Ho sait
were men of extraordinary seitso, au<
loubl often reminded him of victory, re
tig in no advantage, and triumphs end
in hard knocks and ultimate disaster
i wall is ordered the country people t<
mid liberally for their produce, and uio
id no one in the enjoyment of civi
ts. With the duo military ceremonie
precautious, lie admitted every one l<
uatkeo. Johnny Sarvico visited him
was a crank old Irishman. And who
Cornwallis, are you! "I aiu Jolinn;
ice, at your servico." "Well, what d?
want?" "1 want pay for a patch ?
at eat up by the Hrilidi Cavalry.'
ell, go, said Cornwallis, to llio Coimnis
, establish your claim, and get you
ey." Johnny thought it appropriate
nduigo liis irresistible propensity fo
kites*, and before bo lofL In*
mpiired nt' Cornwallis if ho wa? any kit
to Wallis' down tho road.
>1 in Mills, of Cheater, gained adrnissioi
le tuarkee. "Ami who, said Cornwal
ire you?" "M v Lord, replied Mills, <i<
you lemoinhor oM .lolin Mills, win
your father's raco horse in Ireland
, is that you, John? giro us a wage
bono, an help yourself right freelv t>
t? and water." .lolin drauk, but faile<
race his drain with a toast. "And hav
any business with me, mv old friend?
your Lordship?I understand yoi
: in siew to hang a g m l iiiioy ol yoi
i"t \\ hij., and 1 had it lu maid to ba;
>' to you that thai wm in t lie way to succeed LC:
) with these people?beside* nothing it more (jA
j uncertain than the fate of battles, and your UaTt,|
Lordship and your brave men may chauge jnforc
places with the Whigs now condemned to 'p^y g
' die. My son John is one of the damndest eer?,
i Whigs in the colony, and if your Lordship 1,270
t goes on to hang, aud you should afterwards or 4j|
I fall into Johu's hands, he would hang up jmrue
t your Lordship like a dog." Johnny's por<Jt
speech had its possible effect, for nobody t),e r
s was hung, no property plundered or de?- ?f tJ,
i troyed. It would not be worth while to Havel
speak of the spirited attack made by a part recied
) of Sumter's force on tho British post at for cr(
' Rocky Mount. Ttirnbull in command of wbi!e
that post, with Brili.-Ji and Tories, made Up iQ
f out to maintain his position with inconside- Were
rable loss. The hope of the attack consist- jetj u
cd in firing a stack of hay and commuuica1
ting the flames to the Fort; but the unruly only 1
i wind blew the wrong way. And how of -p^,
teu iu life do we find that we fail because t0 ex
i tho wind is perverse and intractable. James ^int ;
: Johnston, cotuinonly known as Adjutant uf ij,;,
i Johnston, was tho Whig hero on this occa- 'p|?
sion. lie wore the blade which graced the jas
i side of his grand father at the siege of l?cr- muliti
) ry. pf?gr
i After the defeat of the British nl Black about
stocks, aud it was incoutcsiihle in its com- |,jrr|i
: plelene?s, the wreck of the British troops ^
engaged iu that light dropped dow n to Mrs. going
i Dansby's, uear Broad river. The poor old from
> widow was forthwith ordered out of the an(j B
i dwelling with her childien. She refused Uajali
[ to go; foice was threatened. She bid dofi- i,;s &e
auce to force. "1 will uot say what I am; uran,
but you say I am a British subject?and Queei
if so, I have the right of a British subject |cft j>
until I am legally divested by the verdict c|ear
of a jury. If you must have u shelter, go |IH9 g
> take the kitchen, aud make the most of it/' Cupat
They took her at her word?and British the le
otlicers, scented, clad and trimmed oil" with ?Jang<
s gold lace aud decorated with gold epau pore
i iotle?, were giad to find an asylum in poor t|1Ht t
' old Martha Dausby's kitchen. Such is the hov o
i indomitable resolution exerted iu the right rc?tor
) spirit and in a good cause. Many of the Qu
r British ollicers aud British soldiers wound- the 2
ed nl Blackstocks died here. Among the tuenli
, test, and chiefest in all that constitutes the Cittnp
t man and tho hero, was Maj. Morny. Ho auxili
f was connocled with some of tho highest sjr \
I names iu old Knglaud, and distinguished marcl
. for scholarship, kind hearledness aud gal- jy
lantry. Tho day he was removed from the per0z
r kitcheu to another world, tho powter ou gust,
r the shelf rattled with the excess of his con- l*unji
t vulsivo agonies, and ho cried out often, L}tia ?
I "come on, boys, wo value none of them but Jiltlo
L Tom Sumter aud Will Washington." mav
l Major Morny > pArlicuUrlf montioncd. tuu>.
i because, strange to say, his English friends result
- were never apprized of his fate, and not wai t
thirty years ago inquiries were mado after 05^
him. lie sleej?s ou the hill top where he aurgc.
breathed his last, and the winds have long ge
> since whisj.crod his requiem. route<
Besides contributing many brave men to anoint
I the regiment of Hangers, afterwards to 0f ^11C
f Sumter and Marion, Fairfield sustained the qb
- great cau>o with a noble spirit iu many Woun
wilier re* p ;cts. is sai<
After the drawn battle of Ilobkirk's Dill, on be
I which the British claimed as a great victo- CI,tcrt
> ry, but which, by the by, they had no pow- jng c,
I er to improve. Green passed over the Wate- Agra
ree at Grave's Ford and encamped on the Xh
1 bauks of Sawney's Creek. llis vigilant ^je 2
1 adversary, Uawdon, crossed tbe Wateree tbo g
' at Camden, and marching up encamped on |ftr bj
r the south side of that stream. The creek Futte
was not large, but the banks were high, whicl
- steep, and impracticable, llere the two nr- was c
- tnies met face to face, but both concluded gU,b.
. to retire without a battle. Uawdon dropp- be 01
od down towards the low country, and Oawri
1 Green with his wretched force, almost na nous
4 ked, swarming with vermin, and scrawny be de
. with famine, look post at Mr. Keubeu liar- afler
riaou's. They needed every tiling. They 0fGo
tented under the blue arch of heaven, slack- |adhr
- cued nothing iu resolve and purpose, but a?j c
i looked manfully forward to happier times ruu c
, arid brighter days. Mr. llarrisou had ijonei
1 been with Sumter in his perils, his partial |K>ro
t success and his defeats, lie thought like w|l0
1 a soldier and felt like a man. lie ordered cjvjl
- his people to forward to the uriiiy bread neers
; stuffs, vegetables, fat cattle and sheep in ibose
- plenty. Green remained at his bivouac for 4t50C
3 a whole week, living on the hospitality of Ht0 S|
Mr. Harrison. When about to leave, hav- checli
ing no strong box, he tendered to Mr. liar- qq,
> rison a certificate for the bountiful supplies \% ritii
s lie bad furnished. No, said Mr. Harrison, a Ct)H
"we are engaged in the samo great cause; auac]
1 \ou are wuleomn to ?ll von '
4 - ? .... J ? ".?<v . vvvi , llltpoi
?' your success will l>o my pay." % tinge
In one of his marches through tho up iinUe
1 lands, Washington's corps of cavalry halted juWx)
1 at Ingloinau'a Mill, ou Wilkinson's, soiuo- e
times called Owoiis' Creek. His object ccpj
* most probably was to watch the motions of c||jef
'. the Hrilish Colonel, I tin is, who was posted CouJi
> at Sciiurrer's Kerry, afterwards called Slro- ^^,,1
liter's, now called Huff's, or llugtey's. tival
I Washington was wholly out of money and ?)i^iu
s out of supplies. The Commissary, Mr. $utle
j ' Hutchinson, was sent over to Philip Pear- co 0p
( son's, who lived n??ar, to ascertain the chance
, ' of procuring meat and bread for lite men, M |lt
V ; and provender for tho horses; anJ if these ]?
> necessary articles could ho had, to provide ,\ugi
f I for their transportation to tho destitute .juilo
' catnp. For ouo week Washington's men j?g r
- and horses were abundantly furnished from fUTee
r Mr. Pearson's farm. These are bright stars 0f q
? I in tho cap of Fairfield, and ought not to be SCfCr
r ' suffered to grow dun or escape the memory Rmi .
e i of a grateful posterity. wj
l I TI..? i ? ? ...
? ..? .1VI? VI i IIWIU UJtve MOIIO t*lllCh ' IS tin
| military service. Tboy fought at the field ' Nati
i? of Guilford, and oil every lull lop, ami in ' com:
1 every valley in their own Slate. Tliey and
0 ' fought for North Carolina, Georgia, Ten- trooj
i) ! nossee, Alabain and Florida. In the last but
" 1 Itritish war, troops from Fairfield, at the polic
d tap of the drum, marched for the seaboard, in ill
> In iho Seminole war, they were oil' to the troy<
1 swamps and everglades of Florida as quick man
e a> horses' heels could bear them; and in ! N. I.
the Mexican war they distinguished them-I aimil
i selves at \ era Crux, Alvarado, Oorro Gordo,! uros
i Con ti er.t?, Churubusco, Chepultepec, and ' alter
f the gates of Mexico.?Caruiiua Time*. I S*.
?99HBH
patch to the East India Hou^e.
lcl'ita, September 9, 1867.?'General
lock still ut Cawnpore, waiting for re
einents, and Lucknow still unrelieved.
'Otli Regiment, about balf tbe FusSV*
and u nine pounder battery, in all
men, w?r? at Allahabad an tbe Sd
i; COO infantry and the battery were
diateiy pushed forward toward Oaersand
Gen. Outrain was to follow -with
unainder of the infantry on tbe nigbt
e Mh instant. lie expects to join
lock on the 11th or 12tb, and has diI
the latter to have everything ready
ussing the river on his arrival; meanwe
have intelligence from Lecltoow
the 2d inslaut, when tbe garrison
in good spirits and sufficiently prori- >.
ith focal. They had recently repulsed
rriuined assault, and had disabled the
ieavy|guus belonging to tbe assailants.
j ganison have beeu told to bold out
trernily, and they are now con6dent
hey will be relieved about the middle
a month.
0 liewah troops, detached as reported
1 message to iutercepl the Dinapore
leers, were not in time to an est their
ess; the latter crossed the Tuuse river
the 2Cih, after some delenliou by
Hood, ami their march has been marks'
plunder. They give out they are
to Delhi. The rebel Koocr Sing lied
Kohtas about the 27lh or 28lb ult.,
ought refuge in Hewalr territory. The
i warned liiin off, whereupon most of
poy adherents deserted him. A colconsisting
of a wing of the 53d
a\ 27th Madras N. I.and some guns,
anegunge ou the 27ill ull., and will
ihu trunk road. The Nepnni Durbar
iveii 1,000 Goorkbas to aid in tbe ocion
of Champarun and the districts on
It Dank of the Gauge*, which are en;red
by the abandonment of Goruckby
the civil officers. It is thought
lie force stulod, which left Kalmaudn
the 1 Glh or 14 lit ult., will suffice to
e in those districts.
r latest accouuls from Delhi extend to
Gib ult. The 1'unjaub reinforcements
oned in llie last message reached
on Hlli nil., and more recently an
ary forco of aboul two thousand and
luudred uien from Cashmere has
ied lo join iho force, ll is expected
good service. A uew siege trafn from
{>ore is expected by the end of Anand
llio Chief Commissioner of the
iub calculates that by the middle of
noulh iho force before Delhi will be
short of 15,000 men. This estimate
be somewhat loo high. There baa
iho usual skirmishing, with the same
On the 12lh ult. a battery which
rouhlesome was taken; and on the
Brigadier Nicholson attacked the iunls,
who were trying in a large body
l lo our rear, entirely defeated aud
i them and took 12 guns, with all the
nation, equipage, and the baggage
) enemy.
e troops are in good health and spirits,
Jed doing well, supplies abundant. It
] that some overtures are made by, or
half of, the King. They will not be
:aincd. The garrisons have been levymlributiona
in the neighborbood of
and the northwestern provinces,
e latest intelligence from Agra is to
5th August. All still in the fort and
eneral health good. Nothing particuid
occurred, except an expedition to
nporo liukrce, and another to Ilatrass,
i latter defeated the insurgents, but
lot strong enough to re-occupy AllyTbo
Furruckabud Nawab is said to
i the road betwoen that place and
ipore with three regiments of matiinfantry,
and one of cavalry; he will
alt with by Gen. 1Jarc-lock's column,
relief of Luckuow. On the deserting
ruckpore, by the civil officers a Chuckfrom
Oudo took possession. Anarchy
onfusion in the district, and Churnpaousequenlly
iu some danger, as men1
elsewhere. Azimgurgh and Jounhare
been occupied by tbe Goorkna*.
marched from Goruckpore wiik tbe
oilicers of native states. The niutiof
Gwalior Contingent, joinod by
fioin Iudore and Mhow, reckoned at
I infantry, 000 cavalry and SO guns,
.ill believed to be al Gwalior, held iu
, it is reportod, by Sciudia.
0 political agent, Major Macplierson,
ig fioin Agra on the 7lb ult., expresses
tident belief in bis loyal and friendly
iimoul to us. Tbe peace of Buopal is
rilled by the open tuuliuy of tbe Connu
All tbe Bundlecuud chiefs conlo
behave well, as aIso tbe Newab of
ob and the petty stales of Dhar-Dewtc.,
none having openly t volted exAnijtiorn.
In Kajpoena, the native
are quiet, and appniently true. Hie
net of the Nizam's Government at 11 y>*d
is admirable. The Mohurrtim feepassed
off without any commotion or
rbance whatever, l'nttiab and all bis
j clilets continue in active and zealous
icralion. Goolab Siugli, of Cashmere,
on tbe 2d of August; bis successor is,
1 was, our stauuehest adherent,
lelligence from l'unjaub to tbe loth of
1st. Bunjauh and Cis SutlU-j States
i tranquil. Large local levies are beniscd
to supply the place of tbe reintnenta
gone to l>elhi. Goolab Singh,
'.is'imeio, before his death, promised
ity-fivo Incle# to the sis percent. luaa.
shout 20 were expected in Cis Sutlcj.
ill, probably, draw nearly a ciare, which
8 estimated want. The disarmed 26th
vo Infantry, at Lahore, murdered their
Handing officer on the 30th of July,
broke away from the cantonment. The
>s sent in pursuit took the wrong road,
the mutineers were followed by the
a and the people of the country, and
ie first tl?ys of August were either dea
d or captured and executed; hardly a
has escaped. Fugitive* of the frStli
, at iVshnwur, hare been soiled an j
arly dealt willi. These vigorous uu<a?.
will piob.ibly ?l?ler others fn>m similar
npts. *i P. Ktrtjfttosa,
ICIClary to the Government of li.diO
i