The Carolina Spartan. (Spartanburg, S.C.) 1852-1896, December 18, 1856, Image 1
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I~ III iwiv~' 1" m-^-fi?^~r .
THE CAROLINA SPARTAN.
? . * L ? . _ . MMMMM^ME^^g=a?=aas=B==gg====jgaMS3a==auaaagsc=ai
bt CAVis & trimmier. Dorofcfo to Southern ftigljts, politics, Agriculiitrjt, nntr fttiscdlany. 82 per Axvxm.
VOL. XIII. SPARTANBURG, S. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1856. NO* 43."
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iimiimaiim ... ?j j. j j l . . j j i i ? ?
if OTP PAD PIT TV A B*? ? T?Ht t ?
* ?? orAtt'l'ANi 1
BY CAVIS & TRIMMIER. 'Id
r T. 0. P, VERNON, Associate Editor, biy
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??? | rep:
| CAROLINA SPA RT A N. IJ
KB OPENING fHB SLAVE TRADE. | fjj
TboN e\v York Journal of Commerce indulges ! |(|
remark upon the proposition of Gov. Adams, in j#.
his message, to re<opcn the slave trade. We make | .j?
brief extract: j >m|l]
'"The argument of the impracticability of its r?*vi- ; ,
val is of itself conclusive against the agitation of .
any plsn to clFeet it. By the common consent of "
civilixi d Slates, the sl.avi, Irnd.. i? .t..,.l .-...V ... i._ I ? ?'
piracy. It is so stigmatized, and made punishable jug |
with the penalty applicable to that offence, by net -jof
Congress, and also in the treaty by which the
United Suites has bound itself to Co-operate with a
naval force employed on the const of Africa to re- Mr.
press its pursuit by contraband dealers. The wltolc parti
of Europe is united in a like condeinntion ol the
trnde, and nearly nil the European States have
bound themselves reciprocally to exercise and ad litiot
mil the right of search with a view to secure the Hirri
detection ami punishment of persons engaged in it. rote
TheTTnited States, imp lied by a traditional policy JVni
to resist the employment, even lor ends which th * it(?n
government approves, of an instrumentality which date
dear-bought experience has taught her is capable tiom
of being abused to the derogation of the sov> rignty elect
of her ting, refused to accept the prujM?sition of the ' ,\l>o
Kurop au poweis fur a mutual light of search. Hut, , )t*0;
not to show less enraeatnew in the dcs.rc to repress ;j0|,
n tinllii) winch, iu the circumstances that attend it, m ii
is revolting to the humanity of tin- ago, our govern- flnd
moot stipulated to maintain an ctti'-iont squadron ihev
upon the Ah lean const, and to empl y it In the re- (>f t'
pression ot slave dealing; and for many years we and
have executed this engagement, with an efficiency tlicv
attested by numerous captures, and with a.pfeven- on tl
tive influence which lias operated to the* gr?at dis- that
cowngctnent and diminution ot the trade. Hut one etuis
Hculinient prevails ai'the No-tli on the. subject of the to d
slave trade, and that sentiment fully affirms the jH,in
policy of the law and the iiumiis adopted by .the | only
Federal government tfi enforce its execution. We ?t?Jet
have no hesitutiou in saying, that if the h'gali/.tig I to t
of the slave trade, in opposition to what iyAiow re- I So'
.cogmsed as pnblie law by Till c v H '/.yd i.nt <>ns, were ( votei
rtiade by any of the Stati-s .in the *L\iiif> di-raey the ] t on
eoiidi'ion of a continued voluntary ndlierencc to ; h-ad
the Union, there would still prevail the satiie ui i- J |,,v<
form and decided opposition to the retrogressive j |jlK.
actiou demanded which now exists; and that, it mneed
were, that opposition would b<- embodied in the 1
resistance to he effectually exerted at whatever htsu
hazard We siy this undvr no appreheiision that take
any serious atti nipt is eVtr likely to he make to ae- - j,ree
complish that ohj*-cJ. " i|u.
There is so inueh of good feeling towards Gov.
Ad.nns in the concluding paragraph ol its article, A
that wi must reproduce it; a'
-I tv.. Ln..,u rt..? V I -
.. v>v>. .\ti.nim iiomi'o he cut- r. I ?ij><>u ^
l!io sphere o1 public life. Tile p rout toe of It * youth, '
liis rur? intelligence, large a iju ivmeiit*. mid the
manliness and oleval <tit of It - character, command- j. V(
ed the admiration pi his ajcvadatim, nnd enlisted their j|t ^
sympathies for Ira success; and we have wiiU'liwl ,
the rapid progrcsi of Ins political career, with ami- ( j
otfNl!sink that b'cnde.l interest ill Ins i" rseiutl in- ^
ntnphs, with cherished expi etntioii* tpat his matur- ' ,
ed abilities would be devot ,1. to the promotion ol ^
the prosperity, the stability, nit 1 tin* glory of a e ontnon
country. NVe trust, yet, however pie en! in ,'v|? ,
fluenees may operate t > swerve him from the pith i ^ (j
ol n larger pairiotisin, that time mi l i-vtl ctiuii ?ill
moderate his views, and that lie will eomo cveiitu- i
ally to see ins own personal liouot and the wel'nre i j' ,
of his beloved State alike involved in the ? tudiotis vlrrt
prosecution of a jsiliey wlecli seeks, by eoneil ating is
and h irinonixing the views and interests o( eoinuiu- j
nities spread over the hreadtli of a eominviit, to j S | (i.
strengthen the nationality and promote the pcrp? lit- j
ity of ths Repoblin." . ' ,,;v? 1
John C. Hkkckinridob.?A Kentucky corres- | *tnp
pondent of the New York dournal of Commerce then
writes to correct mmiu misstatement* w ith regard *
to John C. Breekln ridge, the Vice President elect,
It
and gives the following Viograpioal sketch:
"Major Breckinridge's father ih? l-?? f '
, .... ....v, u"l>rpil j
Cabell Breckinridge.a mot eminentci:i/en of Ken- fcum
tacky, died at early age, in 18*211, leaving l? ? ??nIy
on, Jolui; an iufuul not quite three years old; leav Ti
ing severul daughters and a young widow, who was ( t,f tit
a daughter ol Dr. Samuel Stanhope Smith, o( Nmv "Th?
Jersey, u grand-daughter of J)r. Jolin Wither- 1 relig.
spoon, of Revolutionary memory, and n lineal de- in tli
ccudunt ol the great John Knox, the Scotch lie- decli
former. From the death of his father, till hegradu pel.
tttcd at the college of Danville, Ky., uud r the care ligur
ol his brother-in-law, Dr. John C. Voung, then and ofnl
now President of that college?which lie did when pnrlii
about eventoi-n years old?ho was supjanted by nl>soi
his father's mother. That venerable lady, now , YV?
nearly eiglrty years of age, was left a widow in tar- n? th
ly lite by the ties'I; of '.hat John Breekiiiridgc who
was so dislinguitlu-d a leader of the old Democrat- i.-j
ic party In the days of Adams and Jefferson, and pj ((|
has tlrvoted all her subsequent lite and all lor am- |n , ..
plo fortune to nets of generosity, and to lu-r children l s, (.
and iiieir posterity?having lived to bless four gen- j
erations of them. . ''the
"As soor us Major Breckinridge quit college h ^
commenced the study of law with Judge Win. (>?- (ji(.
loy; and it was this gentleman who afterwards, u* li;i
Governor of Centucky. gavo him the commission .>f' j m(
Major in ono of tho Kentucky regiments whioli ^
went to Mexico?an extraordinary mark of personal j-yq
confidence, as was thought at the time, fully justi- i
fled by the Vountr rn.-tn's - -
, - - b wrmy. i?o- a,;
foro he wti of full age, or about that he and c
Thomas W. Bullock, Iwj., a unlive of Kentucky, (||pn
and now a la vyor of Lexington, in that State, com York
menoed the pi- iico <>f law nt Burlington, Iowa;
whence, after a ye..r or two, both id thcin returned
to Kentucky, ami Major Breckinridge married n '
Miaa Burolt, o( Scott county, (n lady of moderate '1'"'
fortuno and great excellence,) and nettled in the " '
county town of that county (Georgetown) in the 7* '
practice of thoinw. Not long afterwards he remov , ?"r
d to Lexington, where, I believe, ho waa born, '
and where lie hna resided lor ten or twelve yearn ' ",.'0
past. J lo waa elected twice to the Legislature of; .
Kentuoky, twice to Congress, and now Vice Presi- ! '
dent. Hois a lawyer in full practice; about d<> ,
years old; possessed of moderate, |terhapa hardly "'KU'J|
competent fortune, considering hin public pomtion, ,nnfo
And is the (atlier ot five or six young children. Tina ' let"
is juat the nuvarniahed truth of the career of Major '',0 P
B. from his birth till thia day." single
| in the
A caricature appeared in tlw> atrceta of New
Tork, the other dny, representing 'a pine colfrn,
made at the public expenso, with the following in- ^
oription, six: The last remains of .Inmea Gordon '
Bennett, who came to nn untimely end by 'lie late
explosion in Penn?ylvnnin: !
'Peaceful bo my silent slumbers, only s
Horace Grevley close my iycej fit of
We were beat for want of number*, ;bat w
Wake me up when Fremor.t diss.' \ pf tbo
tlncieusoitrg. ;\ld., Was the scene of another '/ualud
on the 3d instant, between Charles Irving ?|?
I Mr. Bugiy, of Lvnchbsrg, Vn. Mr. Kcitt
i oh the ground. The uf&ir was settled arnica* con)
, without a light. v such
n the North Carolina Legislature it has been anj
posed to remove Kaloigh to some place where info I
moon shines. Unit
'ho reciprocity tariff between the United States ! tion
Canada imposes a prohibitory duty on milk. I of
evade tlie tax, the Canadians drive their Cows 1 whi(
r the line and milk them in this country! faro.
'he Boston I'ost characterises the Mod. Mr. duty
nucr's letter to the Burlinganie banquet, "us ipea
a specimen of arrogant Insotener, of pompous tioin
peit, and dogmatic denunciations as vanity and gnvc
iguity could iuspire." calle
is the services of Col. 'Titus will soon ho die- SCRU
?ed with in Kansas, it is thought that lie will tbfl '
lir to Nicaragua with 100 volunteers. Stall
'he Cur. lininn reports the death, by suicide, in
imbia, oti the 4th instant, of Julius Ballard, of
iter. Tbc Mmv paper states tlint Smith Hoyt,
'use mover ? . siding in that city, while moving .
use in Suintvr, was cauglit under a fnlhng Pl''cc
iney, and paralysed in his lower limb*.
he court of I?uis Napoleon is wnging war upon ^
II bonnets. The present styles are velvet, with . .
e brim*, called chapeaux tie l%alliance. ? '
. auiil
conspiracy twassassinate Louis .Napoleon 111:9
ied on the Ctli tilt,?otic of the noeompliei* hnvrevcnlcd
the plot. Kixty have been arrested. ^ ^
lis Washington correspondent of the New York
e? says that Gen. ('ass positively denies that
Buchanan has tendered to him the Stntt Dc- a,
mcni- ' J sent
Lost I'artv.?-What lins liecouie of the Abo- . ^!'? '
iisii-7 At the t'i evidential election in 1844, lives
,?v it... A luja:? ' - ' "
...v oui-miuii cnimiiiuie, WlVfil tili.dlt-t
ii, ol' which nearly half were from New York, 1 irjite
iirylrnnia mi l Ohio. At ihc Presidential vivo- ! ylyyj
in islttf, .lohn I*. Hah', the Abolition candi- |
, rreeivt d 15T,'J96 yules, of which ti."?were | ' _ ?
i the hIkivo mentioned Stated. At the recent ; I
ion, the same Stated nave Qcrrit Smith, tlie li
lition candidate, only 334*rotes, vw: N?w York, 1 pi jnc
IV-iinsy Ivnnia, l?; Ohio, 156. Now the que* _
is, wl at has become ol the IJb.ttO ' Abolitionists
io above States, who voted lor Ihruey ill IS 14, t
the 6,*>,ti0't who voted lor Halo in 1853, Are | 11
all except 3141 or what has become eiitla
teiftf Surely it cannot be that they are a part I'my
parcel ot the Illack Republican parts! and that \
have found there a more eoiigefiial home than .
In ir own soil! lor wo aj-e told by individuals ol i ClllZC
pariv that they [tlm individual*] arc eminently I what
ervativc; and it is not rtisy for vinegar and intre or |J,
well together in unky. Hut leaving tins nice ?n\*io
t to be Killed by the partus in interest, we will , .
remark, that il the Alwlition vote at the Promini
election. in I85S had been added, us now, J lttlVC
hat ol the leadoqr opjsn tarn candidate, lien I alilo
t would have eonin within 50.0110 or 6it,Utlti j C(,iisl
s of an election. Again, if in 184-1 the Abuli- J i
vote had b?-eti added, n? now, to that ot tin- ?
ing opi?is tion candidate, Henry Clav would
been eh-eted instead of Polk d <t ill IbS's Its ill
Italian is ? ha-ti d by more than 5t?< ,OHO majoti- jicac<
ver the hading opposition candidate, although ju
latter received the umtid support of till the atsi
nsts except a tneri hnudtul. * It ir luvro.iry i#?
this into the account, before we Can justly up- orn:'
iate the greatness of the triumph neltieved by rjt tip
1 leinuer.tts.?Journal of f'nutmerre. art at
' " : l)f 11
lltTTI.E BKTWFtV ClII.VKSE.?The Stockton YVcforu'ei)
Argus lias t'ic following account of a i
icre battle : ] ? c
pitched battle came rid* oft Saturday mottling calcti
at the Uoek lliver Ranch, ill Stanislauscmirity. ' orate
Hongkong Chinese < ainc down to the R s-k have
r Raueh, pitched liner eaitip and challenged ,.0tm
.'anion hinesc to a light. The challenge was i
pled ( >ii Satnrdity mot ti ng the pit to-s pri par
>r li.nile; the IJoiigkongs were hmg armed trjiutl
.war clubs, spears and other Chinese weapons, nul l
itg vrlfich the gong whs a prominent fsinnte; .w.lor
lie Canton in n showed some d< gree.of civile ,,
ii bv the use of muskets. 'l"he parties met,
a the ('illitoii 11 It-II poured a tollev of noivl.ire I 1'>
it* I longkonga, which killed their chief ami luo olijoc
in, when the I longkongs inglnriously fled. Th JUt, ^
oil hicn cxliiiui'i J their vengeance upon ilu* (|jciiiclinin
by cutting hfm up in n Ihoutand j ."
r*. The whole number engaged "in the fight tut'^
seventeen hundred. None of the Canton men l the i
t injured. II was n very unfortunate battle, n? tlo l?
w were killed. About 5,01)0 Americans wit d
the fight, as due notice of the battle hat) be<n I
i, mi sis to give the minors a chance to wHiicm
sight. Tlie officers <?f the law undertook t<>
the tight. hut they could do nothing. One of t?xi~t<
i had his horse shot from under him. The 0f tb
eee wnrrioru have all dispersed. | |.IWS
is computet) that the production of whiskey in
)hlo valley icaches 50,000,000 gallons?con- ^ ^ j;
ng 12,500,000 bushels corn, nut) selling for ^ ^
LtO.000! ! or ^
te Ukcline or Religion.?A corrcsptiiident ,ei|i
io New York Journal of Commerce says: '
. re has been n remarkable decline in matters of do111'
.out interest for about ten years past, especially I ?lC0ot
o Northern States. The last feature of this thctll
in- is the scarcity ol faithful ministers of the f it* . j?,r
If any one tlouhts this, we can send 'licit and n
es.' Wc attribute it almost entirely t<t the fact
urge portion of the people and a coiresponding With
on of the clergy and rel glous presses being citi7.i
bed in the eve: annoying theme of anti-slavery, laws
r.ow hope thai there is a 'good time coming,* eii
e bubble has burBt.'' ?
<lo r
'iik Slate Trai>b."?Mr. N. P. Ranks is not
r making his own history as well as facta. In ?UO|>
great speovli" in Wall street, lie invented Ma- the |>
s. Ijast night he tri*"i his hand on history, ]t .t
nformed liis audience that the continuance of
slave trade" until 1808 was a concession to 1
loUlh. Now, the truth'is, the very reverse is Sf-'C*
net. Rhode Island and Massachusetts voted ?t rcl
ve it continued until 182(1, as they were direct- nwnri
crested ill the traffic, while a majority of the
icrn S.ut.n voted f<ir its discontinuance in , ' i
The compromise of 1808 was wholly and
y a oonccssion to t!ie North. Mr. Ranks mote,
of such a thiae as "noetic insi " ? .. ~ ?u
? , . w v"
the portion of his speech referred to is a Kpcei- t.|]
if it, for mirily.it m entirely imaginary.?j\eir r ,i
Day Book. \ . ,
?,?,? whicl
iRKTEi.i.tvo tiik Wiather.?E Meriam, of acto"
klyn, N. V., who him been called tho "clerk II"' r
io weather," and who for twenty years has latioil
himself a martyr to meterology by taking forei"
]y observations of the thermometer, barometer, warthus
strips tho "wealhcr-wiso" of lltoir gift of
,oy: the
i'ith all my practice and experience in obscrv- brncii
i atmospheric changes and recording hour by ; crty,
and day by day thcrinomctricnl and ntetero- |jc .,r
d observations, and in connection with simul- I j
11a observations niado and recorded elsewhere, '"
I more ond more oonvinoed that it is not in Jtosltl
>wer of any human being to determine even a inevit
day in sdvanes what changes will take placo t riei?l:
i atmosphere." ptMiCel
~ vnst i
a New York Courier it Enquirer comes out .1 j
11 article to show that the Sugar interests at ' 1
>ulli aro not benefitted by tho duties upon Woll
n Sugar, and that Congress -hould tako tho the 11
on up at an early day, ami repeal the tax. plans
a sensible, Jo say the lenst o( it This is tho .t;lV0
iCt of special legislation intendeel for the bene- '
the South, and as a departure there/ore from Clv" v
"sef pohoy which e aside rs only tho Interests ?f to <
North. I of m<
tract from tiic .Presid nt's Message,
ho Constitution requires that tlio Presi- il
shnlf, from time to time, not only ro- 11
mend to the consideration of Congress e
measures as lie may judge necessary ''
expedient, but also that lie shall give
tnation to them of tlie state of the
in. To do this fully involves exp<?-iof
all matters in the actual condition J
the country, domestic or foreign,
:h essentially coneern tho general wel- ?
While performing his constitutional V
in lliis respect, tho President does not
k merely to express personal con vie
?, but as tho cxecutivo minister of the
irmncnt, enabled by bis position, and '
d npon by bis official obligations, to '
with an impartial eye tho interests of (
whole, and of every part of the United "
ss. * * * " * * P
i tho brief interval between tho tcrmin- 1
i of tho last and the commencement of 'l
present session of Congress, tho public n
1 has been occupied with tho care of
ting, for another constitutional term, 11
President and Vice President of tho ?
ed States. fi<
lie determination of persons, who nre ?'
ght, or contingently, to preside over the "
inistraliou of tho government, is, uudcr '
tyf tern, committed to tho Stales and the 1
Je. Wo appeal to them, by their voice *j
ounced in the forms of law, to call
utsocver they will to tho high post of
f Magistrate.
ttil thus it is that as the senators reprothe
respective States of the Union, and t
neinbers of tho House of Uepresenta- J'
tho several constituencies of each I ?
s, so tho President represents the aggro- ,
population of the United Stales. Their ?(
ion of him is the explicit and solemn s.k
f tho solo sovereign authority of the 11
?n. ' j
i. itnnr>.?ili!-i I" 1 '
v , ....c?,r.c..c.iu u.e great
:iples, which, by their recent political
n, the people of the United Slates have 1 xx
tioiied and announced,
icy have assorted the constitutional j J.'
lily of each and all of the Stales o( the , J
m as Stales; they have utluined the con.iuiial
equality of each and all of the c'
>iis of the United Slates as citizens, !'
ever their religion, wherever tlfeir huh j '
eir residence; they have maintained the J x>
liability of the constitutional tights of i NV
liferent sections of the Union; and they n.
proclaimed thcir-devoted and unallor- :
attachment to the Union and to the
.itulion, as objects of interest superior i
1 subjects of local or sectional contro- *
, as the safeguard of the tigh's of all. '
e spit it and the essence of the libcily,
and greatness of the Republic,
doing this, they have, at the cattle ! .
. emphatically condemned the idea ol
nizingiti these United States more goo- j
hical parties; of marshalling in hostile c
lovVards each other lite liilerent parts ' I'
ie country, Nolth or South, l ist <>i
' . . . i r
hemes of this nature, fraught with in .
liable mischief, and iviiich the cotisidi
sense of the people lias t ejected, could i
had countenance in m? part of the '
try, had they not been disguise 1 by i
estioQs plausible in tipptftrance, acting
i an excited state of the public min i, f
ceil by causes temporary in their char- !
, an 1 it is be hoped transient in their
eoce.
srfect libyity of association for politic 1
:ls, and tiie wildest scope of discussion, 1 '
ho received aud ordinary conditions ]
nvcrninent in our ooiintrv. < >ur iiistitts,
framed in lhcnpi<tTl of confhlence in "
ntclligcnce and integrity of the people, vx
ot forbid citizens, either individually or ''
iated together, to attack by writing,
h, or any other methods short of phvs 1
?l '~f 1 '
v,.. V, IIIO VSUIIMIlUliOII Illl'l UlC VOI V
nice of the Union. Under the shelter I'
lis threat liberty, ami protected by the "
an J usages of the government they '
I, associations have been formed, in w
of the States, of individuals, who, pre- ?
ng to seek only to prevent tiie spread ''
o institntion of slavery into tlie prc-ent 1
turo inchoate States of tlie Union, are !'
y inflamed with desire to change the
slic institutions of existing States. To 1
uplish their objects, they dedicate '
selves to tho odious task of deprecia- "
the government organization which
Is in their way, and of calumniating, 1
indiscriminate invective, not only the "
ins of particular Stales, with whose, '
they find fault, hut all others of their ^
v citizens ihtotigboul tlie country who
lot participate with I hem in their asj
upon tlio Constitution, framed and
led by our fathers, and claiming for |
rivilegesit has seemed, and theblcssi tigs 11
i conierieii, tho n'v.uli and
ful reverence of their children. They '
an object which they well know to bo 7
rolulionary one. They are perfectly '
a that tlio change in the relative coni
of the white and black races in the J
lioldiug States, which they would pro,
is beyond their lawful authority; that
em it is a foreign object; that it cannot c'
fecled by any peaceful instrumentality
loirs; that for them, and tho States of (<i
thoy are citizens, tho only path to its "J
nplisiiment is through burning cities, *:l
avaged fields, ami slaughtered i->puis,
and nil there is most t t:ibi<- in l;i
... ? l -? * *'
, !, vwiii|>ii?;:tu;u wiiii fivil arvi r\ !c -I!
mul that the first step in the alU-mpt t0
i forcible disruption of u country eraig
in it* broad bosom a degree of lib
and an amount of individual and pub- I'<
osperity. to which there is no patallel u'
story, and substituting in its place
o governments, driven at onco and 1,1
ably into mutual devastation and frn i,r
id carnage, transforming the now M
ful and felicitous brotherhood into a
>ermnnent cnm|) of nrmed men, like 1,1
val monarchies of Europe and Asia. ,a
knowing that 6iich, and such only, aro , 'r<
aoan* and the consequences of their 'V
and purposes, they endeavor to pro di
tlio people of tho Uuited S.atcs for '
var by doing overytliing in their powleprivd
\he Constitution and the laws ,n
>rr.l authority, and to undei v.ine the
rbric of the Union by appeals lo passion J hovvevei
nd sectional prejudices, by indoctrinating people <
8 people with reciprocal hatred, and by ilio re-c'
ducAting tlicm lo stand faerj to f.:ce as cue- to tlie S
tics, rather than shoulder to shoulder as lo acqui
icnd.i. territory
It is by the agency of such unwnrranta- Mexico,
le interference, foreign and domestic, that fully re?
reminds of many, otherwise good citizens, tho Nor
avo been so inflamed into the passionate statute I
ondemnatioR of the domestic institutions tion lo \
f tho southern States, as at length to pass lying n<
isensibly to almost equally passionate ims- it as a I
iity towards their fellow citizens of those part of t
tates, and tlfus finally to fall into tcmpora* .compact
V fellowship with tho avowed and active There
nemiea of tho constitution. Ardently at- binding
relied to liberty in tho abstract, they do respects
ot stop to consider practically how the ob effect it
sets they would attain can be accomplish- adtuissh
d, nor to reflect that, even if tiie evil were ; tho org:
s ureal as they deem it, they have no Mexico,
imedy to apply, and that it can be only ; Such
ggravaled by their violence and uuconsti- ; the time
ilional action. A question, which is one i Territor
f the most difficult of all tho problems of! the prof
jcial institution, political economy and retlectioi
.atesmanship, tliev treat with uoreasor ing seen clei
rtemperance of thought and langutge. ! conslitu:
ixtremos beget extremes. Violent attack of this c
oin tito North finds its inevitable coise- State of
nonce in the growth of a spirit of angry , cisious, i
efinuco at the South. Thus in the progress the mos
f events we had reached that coiisuu.ma- fpremoC
on, which the voice of the people lias now | iy deteri
> pointedly rebuked, of tho attempt of a ' der whir
ortion of the States, by a sectional organi- as nffeel
rtion and movement, to usurp the control question
f the government of the United Slates. ' of navig
1 confidently believe that the great body The s
f those who inconsiderately took this fatal force of
op are sincerely attached to the Constitu- mestic h
on and the Union. They would, upon change
(. liberation, shrink with unaffected horror State of
om any conscious act of disunion or civil of Mi-?so
ar. out tncy nnve cn'.cri'il into a path, t > do tli
liieh leads nowhere, unless it l>o to civil j no ii ? 1 jt
:ir and disunion, and which lias no o Iter the. >-tal
i>ssiblo outlet. They have proceeded thus there or
ir in that direction in consequence of the beacon <
icce-sivc stages of their progress having states in r
jn-isted of a mnies of secondary issues, move in
ich ?>f whicli professed to be confined with- out nflVa
i constitutional tin 1 peacelul limits, hut >iou or
liich attempted in? irectly what few men States o
ere willing to do directly, that is, to act Still,
igrcssi vely against the constitutional nature,
ghts of nearly one-half of the thirty-one terms r<
late*. cIiium) o
In the long Foiies of acts of indirect ng- of Kan
ression, the first was the strenuous ngila- made tl
it. hy citizens of the uoilheui State*, in dangero
ongress and out of it, ot the cpiestioii of It wa
e_'io einai eipatiou in the southern Stales, ment In
1 !ie second step in litis paiit of ciil eon- oblig.at.
sted of acts of the people of the northern breach i
tales, and in several ii stances of their gov- An a
iniiients, aimed to facilitate the c*capc of repealed
ersons held to service in the S u,them lionally
talcs, and to prevent their extra li'.iott lie fund
hen reclaimed aecoiding to law rind in mutnee
irtue of < xpu-ss piov i>i, n* of the Con titu- ing on I
on. To piom Me this object, legislative of the f
liactmenls and other inear s we to adopted be a*t?er
> take away or defeat rights which tlie ! was inv
amstiiuliott solemnly gnaiautied. In or- i to the r<
er to nullify the then existing act of Con- tween w
ress concerning the extradition of fugitives contend
out service, laws weie enacted in many separalt
tales, forlmhfiig tluir officers, under the *u h, eti
v<-fest penalties, b> participate in tlio exc- subject,
utton ol any act of Congress whatever. In Congies
ii* way that sy-'.em of harufonioiis co-opt- matter <
ition belwrcti ; lie :iuth< i ities of the United and wata'.?
s ;?u i i f tl.#' several States for the dieting
iaiiitenai.ee of tlu ir common institutions, hers of 1
hi eh existed in the yearly years of the lie- ti "lity
ublic, was destroyed; coulhcts of juii-dic- did this
ill came to bo ticpient; and <.' ngrc-* the \<>r
>und itself c impelled, for the support f t confirm
ic U'msti'.u'.i >.i. and the vindication of iu ously st
oxver, to auilo'iir. the appointment of new putihlo
tHccis charged with the execution of its if, as it
cts, as if they and the officers of the States had no
ore ine ministers, respectively, of foreign eou'se i
oveinnuiils in :i st.?to of mutual hostility. South, I
ither than >\v magistrates of a omnium aland <
ouiitry, ] a- vfullv subsisting under tho pro- It h.
etion t f one well con -1 itulo'! Union. Thus law-givr
ere, also, aggression was followed hy re value <>|
ction; ai. 1 the alta Us upon tho Cmistitu- of imp:
on at this point did l>nt servo to iai?o up it perpe
cw barriers f??r its defence and security. bind tin
The third stage of this unhappy sectional ' will <<f
ntrovorsy was in connexion with the or vested
anizntioii of territorial governments and clothed
ic admission of new Slates into the Union, ful invt
V'hen it was prop >sed to a linit the Sta'e of unsoum
I tine, by sepatali<>u <?f tcriitoiy fr<>m (!; it show it
f Massachusetts, and the State of Missouii, pr.nelioa
rriued of a j>ortion ot the territory coded reason
y Franco t<? the United States, representa justify, 1
ves in Congress objected to the admission 'J lie
! the hi'.ter, unless v\ith conditions suited ' ;l}| (|1(?
? paiticular views of public policy. Ihe Ifgidali
npositi .|j of su h a coudili m was success- niIlen
illy resisted. Hut, at the same period, the 1 gross, oi
iiestion was presented of imposing lesliic- propose
ons upon t'o r. -idue of the territory ceded , tln>n ^||
|f Franco. That nutation was, for tho tune, : states >>
sposed ofhv the adoption of a geographi stance,
d line of liiuitation. censed I
In this connexion it should not ho forgot- any kin
ti that France, of her own accord, resolved, sumed,
>r considerations of tho most far sighted t<? enact
gacitv, to cedo Louisiana to the United ami sin;;
afes, ami that accession was accej ted by the argi
e I nited States, tho latter expressly en- : icftiscd
ging that "tho inhabitants <>f the coded land, ha
Irilorv shall be incomoinied in tli.? Uirirm
I ----- -? - ' ')"?
tho I intcd States, and admitted as soon who un
possible, according to tho piitjciplo of the demned
Hleral Constitution, to the enjoyment ol jujunciii
I tho tights, advantages, and immunities sought,
citizens of the I inted Stales; and in tho to depth
eanlinie they shall be maintained and of the e.
olectud in tho fieo enjoyment of their privilege
*crly, property, and tho religion which fundauic
oy profe-*"?that is to say, while it ro- , 'Fitia :
ains in a torrilorial condition, il? ililiabi- | statute i
nts hiu maintained and protected in the , by anol
:o enjoyment of tlioir liberty anil proper- equally
, with a light then to pass in'o ll?o eon- tiou in r
lion of State*. | '.hat the
Hie enactment, which established tho ro tion of
ictivo geographical line, was acquiesced beyond
rather than approved hv the State* > f } that sad
? ITnioh. It stood on the statute bock, . o 1 o*fec.
r, for a number of years; and llto^
>4* the respective State* acquiesced in |
hactineot of lite principle a* applied
Stale of Texas: and it was proposed
iesce in its further application hi the
r acquired by the United States from 1
liut this proposition was success- <
listed by the representatives from <
them States, who, regardless of the I
line, insist ! upon applying restric- <
the new territory generally, whether 1
irth or south of it, thereby repealing '
egislative compromise, hiuI, on the I
he North, persistently violating the
;, if compact tiiero was. <
nipon this enactment ceased to have I
virtue in afiy sense, whether as
tlie North or the South: and so in I
was treated on the occasion of the i
in of the State of California, and 1 1
inization of the Territories of New | '
Utah and Washington. ; i
was the state of this question, when |
j arrived for the organintion of the <
ies of Kansas and Nebraska. In i
tress of constitutional inquiry and I
n, it had now at length come to be '
arly that Congress does not possess
lioual power to impose restrictions i i
ha racier upon any present or future <
the Union. In a long series of de- '
on the fullest argument, rud after !
t deliberate consideration, the Sulonrl
of tho United States had final- !
nincd this point, in every form un- I
:h the question could arise, whether , '
iing puoiw or private rights?in , i
,s of tho public domain, of religion, ! '
ation, and of servitude. : I
ever.il States of the Union are, by <
the Constitution, co-equal in do- j i
cgislative power. Congress cannot i
a law of domestic relation in the ( |
Maine; no more can it in the State [
uii. Any statute which proposes j I
is is a mere nullity; it take* away ( i
, it confers n ne. It it remains oq i <
into book unrepealed, it remains ' i
dy as a monument of error, and a i
l.1 warning to tho legislator and the
in. To repeal it will l>e only to relperfec'.iou
from the statutes, wilii:iing,
either in '.lie sense <>f pcrtnis
of prohibition, the action of the <
r of their citizens. _, <
when the nominal restriction of this
already a dead letter in law, was in
'pealed by the last Congress, in a
f the act organizing tho Territories
sas and Nebraska, that repeal was
10 occasion of a wide spread and
nis agitation.
s alleged that the original enacting
a compact of perpetual moral
on, its repeal constituted an odious
nf faith.
cl of Congress, while it remains unI,
more especially if it be constitu
valid in the judgment of those pub
ionaries whose duty it is to pro- i
>u that point, is undoubtedly bind- '
lie conscience oT each good citizen !
I public. 1'. it in what sense can it !
tod that the enactment in question 1
-led with perpetuity and entitled i
espect of a sob-inn compact! Itc !
horn was the compact) No distinct ,
itig powers of the government, no I
sections of the Union, treating as
iW.- l into treaty stipulations on tlie j
It was a mere clause of an act of
. and like anv ntbor cimirnvwinil
>f legislation, received its final shape
> paved l>v compromise of the con- |
opinions or sentiments of the mem
i 'ongross. Hut if it had moral auover
men's consciences, lo whom
authority attach? Not to those of
th, who had repeatedly refused to
it by extension, and who had zealliven
to establish other and incotnregulations
upon the subject. And
thus appears, the supposed compact
obligatory force as to tho North, of
t could not have had any as to the
>>r all such compacts must be mulu- :
>f reciprocal obligation,
is not unfre piently happened that
rs, with tit due estimation of tho
the law they give, or in the view
nting lo it peculiar strength, make
tuul m terms; hut they cannot thus
conscience, the judgment, and the
those who may succeed thein, in
with similar responsibilities, and
with equal authority. More care*
^ligation may prove tho law to be
1 in principle. Kxperience may
to bo imperfect in detail and iinble
in execution. And then both
and right combine not merely to 1
but to require its repeal.
Constitution, supreme as it is over
depart men's of the government, ? i
re, executive, and judicial, is open
dment bv its voiy terms; and Con*
tho Stales, may, in their discretion,
amendment to it, solemn compact
it in truth is between the sovereign
f the Union. In the present in I
a political enactment, which had i
o have legal power or authouty of 1
d, was repealed. The position as
that Congress had no moral right i
so !i icpeal, was strange enough, i
jularly no in view of the fact tint
imont came from those who oponlv I
obedicucn to existing laws of the i
ving tiio saiuo J' 'pillar ?lo^i^nation i
lit v as compromise act*; nay in wo,
o.jiiivocallv disregarded and con- | <
the most positive and obligatory <
ini of tho Constitution itself, and I
by every means within their reach, '
e a j> irtion of lluir fellow citizen* <
pial enjoyment of those rights and <
s guarantied alike to all by the i
intill compact of our Union,
irgument against tho repeal of the
line in question was accompanied t i
iier of congenial character, and <
with the former destitute of founda- t
en so a and tmtL It was imputed .
measure originated in the eoncep , i
extending the limits of slave labor I
those previously assigned to it, ami i
. w - natural a* well a> intend 1
and these b.s?ele?s assumptions 1
- - - - ?
were made, in the Northern States the s
ground of unceasing assault upon coustitu- t<
lional light. fi
The repeal in terms of a statute, which g
was already obsolete, and also null for un- e
constitutionality, could have no influence to g
obstruct or to promote the propagation ot a
conflicting views of political or s<jcial insti- it
tution. When the act organizing the Ter- n
riloties of Kansas ami Nebraska was pass- a
I'd, the inherent effect upon that portion of si
the public domain thus opened"to legal set- li
llement was to admit settlers from all the h
States of the Union alike, each with his h
convictions of public ja/Iicy and private in- b
teresi, there to found In their discretion, r
.-it.i^ct to such limitation* as the Constitu t
101 and acts of Congress might prescribe, c
new JStates, here.ifler to be aJmiued into J
thy Union. It was a fiee field, open alike h
to all, whether the statute line of assumed 1 o
restiiction were lepealed or not. That re ; w
|>eal did not open to free competition of the e
liverso opinions and domestic institutions o
v tield, which, without such repeal, would c
liavo been closed against tliem; it found b
hat field of competition already opened, in a
fact and in law. All the repeal did was to r
relieve the statute-book of an objectionable n
enactment, unconstitutional in cfl'ect, and ?|
injurious iti terms to a largo portion of the ii
Stales. . ! |i
Is it the fact, that, in all the unsettled re- . e
?ious of the United States, if emigration bo fi
left free to act in this respect for itself, j tl
without legal prohibitions on either side, J a
slave labor will spontaneously go every , b
w here, in preference to free labor! Is it the t<
fact, that the peculiar domestic institutions j a
.r . J... i - ....
.. uuuiuviii ouitus possess relatively so ji
much of vigor, that, wheresoever au avenue o
is freely open to all the world, they will p
penetrate to the exclusion of those of the li
Northern Stalest Is it the fact, that the o
former enjoy, compared w ith the latter, such li
irresistibly superior vitality, independence i n
iff climate, soil, and all ether accidental circutnstar.ce.*,
ns to be able to produce the ; t'
supposed result, in spite of tho nssunied t
moral and natural obstacles to its accom- I t1
plislnnciiLs, and of the more numerous pop i h
ulaiion of the Northern States' ! 11
The argument of those, who advocate the , t
enactment of new law* of restriction, and 1
condemn the repeal of old ones, in effect j c
avers that their particular views of govern- f
men*, have no sell extending or self sustain- t
ing power of their own, and w i i r*go no I |i
wheie unless forced by act of Congress, a
And if Congress du but pause for a moment t
in the policy of stern coercion; if it venture I
to try the experiment of leaving meu to s
judge for themselves what irr-titutionsWill *
beat suit them; if it bo not strained up to ; t
perpetual legislative exertion on this point; r
if Congress proceed thus to act in the very 1
spirit of libeily, it is at onco charged with \
aiming to extend slave labor into all the t
new Territories of the United Stales. j c
Of course, theso imputations on the in- a
lentions of Congress in this respect, con- | i
ceived as they were in prejudice, and dis- j
scminated iu passion, are utterly destitute t
of any justification in the nature of tilings, | c
and contrary to all the fuudanienlal doc j j
trines and principles of civil lil>erty and self- i
government. v
While, therefore, in general, the people ' s
of the Northern States have never, at any j
time, arrogate 1 for the federal government >
the power to interfere directly with the do 1
meslic condition of persons in tho Southern 1
State*, but on tbe contrary have disavowed g
all such intentions, and have shrunk from
conspicuous affiliation with those few who T
pursue their fanatical objects avowedly : c
through the contemplated mean* of revolu- t
tionary change of the government, and with t
acceptance of ihc necessary consequences? i ?
a civil an 1 servile war?yet many citizen* J
have suffered themselves to be drawn into v
one evanescent political issue of agitation v
after another, appertaining to tbe same set "
of opinions, and which sub---le f as rani.tlv v
" % / I
as they arose when it came to l?e seen, as 1
it uniformly did, that they were incompali- ; *
Lie with the compact* of the Constitution
and the existence of the Union. Thus,, n
wlien too act* of ?ome of the State* to mil '
lify the existing extra.lition law impose! t
upon Congress the duty of passi: g a new c
one, the cotintiy was invited hy agitators to I
enter into party organization for its repeal; t
hut that agitation speedily reused hy reason I
of '.lie impracticability ?>f its object. So, i
when the .statute restriction upon (he in*ti- c
lotions of now States, hy n geographical t
line, h id been repealed, the country was I
urged to demand its restoration, and /that t
project nl^o died almost with it> hirtli. '
Then followed the cry of alarm from the ?)
North against imputed southern eneroaeh- c
incuts; which cry sprang in reality from the C
spiiit of revolutionary attack n the domes- 1
lie institution* of the South, and, after a s
troubled existence of a few month*, ha* e
been rebuked by the xoice of a patriotic c
people. I
Of this last aggilation, on a lamentable t
feature was, that it was catried on at tlie h
immediate expense of the peace and huppities*
of the people of the 1'erni.oiy "f Kan- |
*as. That was made the battle field, not so |
much of opposing faction* or interests w ith t
in itself, a* of the conflicting passions of the n
whole people of the United Slate*, llevo- c
lutionary disorder in K ins.is had it* origin ,
in projects of intervention, deliberately ar- t
ranged hy certain niemboi.sof that Congress |
wlr.oh enacted the law for tho organization |,
if ihe Territory. And when propagandist t
colonization of K >nsa* had thus Ihjcii under
laken in 0110 section of the Union, for the ,,
ivstemntic promotion of ?I* peculiar views v
?f policy, there en*tied, n? a matter of 0
rourse, i? counter action with opposite
riews, in other v.niou* of the Union. j.
In coti??vjuonce of those and other inci ,|
lent*, many acts of disorder, it t? tindonia-; t
jle, have been perpetrated in Kansas, to the ft
>ccn*ionftl interruption, rnther than the per- ?j
Ti inenl suspension, pf regular go vorn merit. [ ?
;\ggie-Rivo mill ineM reprehensible incur-' g
lions into the Teriitory were undertaken, 0
>otli in the N'orth and Smith, and entered ,1
t on it* norths <n horsier by tire war of
[ovva, Hs well nb on the extern by way of. g
'fiMCuri, and there bae existed within it a' n
>
tato of insurrection against the const titled
authorities, not without countenance
rorn inconsiderate persons in each of the
;rtyit section* of the Union. But the diffi
ultics in that Territory have be<-n txlravaanllv
exaggerated for purposes of political
gitali<?n elsewhere. Thenuruhor and gravv
of the acts of violence have been magitied
partly by statements entirely untrue,
nd partly by reiterated accounts of the
nine rumors of fact*. Thus lire Territory
as been seemingly filled with extreme vio?nce.
when the whole uraoapt of such acta
as not been greater than what occasional*
r passe* before us in single cities to the
ccret of all good citizens, but wjtKout being
tgarded as of general or permanent politial
consequence.
imputed irregularities in tire elections
ad in Kansas, like occasional irregularities
f the same description in the Stales,
rere beyond fho sphere of action the Excu.jve.
But incident* of actual violence
r of organized obstruction of law, pertinaiou.-ly
renewed from time to time, have
cen met as they occurred, by such means
< were available and as the circumstances
equired; and nothing of this character
ow remains to affect the general peace of
Ire Union. The attempt of a part of the
ahahitnnts of tho Territory to erect a revortionary
government, though sedulously
ncourged and supplied with pecuniary aid
rorn active agent* of disorder in some of
lie States, line completely failed. Bodies of
rmeil men, foreign to tho Territory, have
een prevented from entering or compelled
d leave it. Predatory bands, engaged in
cts of rapine, under cover of the existing
lolHical disturbance*, have been arrested
r dispersed. And every well disposed
erson is now enabled oncfe more to devote
imself in pence to the puc&nila of prosper
... IUI iu? jnu'ircuiiuii ?>I WIMCU
? undertook to participate in tlie settlenent
of the Territory.
It afford* me unminglod satisfaction thus
l> announce the peaceful condition of
hings in Knnsa*, especially considering
he means to which it was' necessary to
ave recourse for the attainment of the end.
nrnely, the employment of a portion of
he military force of the United States,
'ho withdrawal of that forco frornita propr
duty of defending the country against
jreign foes or the savages of the frontier,
0 employ it for the suppression of domestic
nrurrection, i?, when the exigency occurs,
1 matter of the moot earnest solicitude. On
his occasion of imperative necessity it has
?een dona with the lust results, and Iny
alisfaclion in the attainment of such reulls
l?y such means is greyly enhanced by
ho consideration, that, through the wisdom
ind energy of the present Executive of
vansa*, and tho prudence, firmness and
i^ilatice of the military ollicers on duty
here, tranquility has been restored, without
uie drop of blood having been shed in ita
accomplishment, by the forces of the United
itates. i
The restoration of comparative tranquiili- ,4i
y in that Territory furnishes the means of
hserving calmly, and appreciating at their
ust value, tho events which have occurred
here, and the discussions of which Ui0?Oernment
of the Territory has been the
ubjoct.
\Y? perceive thai controversy couceruing
t* future domestic institutions was inovita>le;
that no human prudence, no form of
egislation, no wisdom on the pait of Confess,
could have prevented this.
It is idle to supposo that the particular
irovisions of their organic law were the
au*e of agitation. Those provisions were
nit the occasion, Ar the pretext of an agitaion,
which was inherent in the nature of
hings. Congress legislated upon the sublet
in such terms as were most consonant
villi the principle of popular sovereignty
vhich underlies our government. Ft could
lot have legislated otherwise without doing
iolcnce to anotiu r great principle of our
nstilulions, the imprescriptible light of
quality of the several States.
We perceive, also, that sectional interests
ltd parly passions have been the great
inpedimetit to the salutary operation of
lie organic principle* adopted, and the
hief cause of live snc??*sive disturbances in
Cansivs. 1 he gumption that, because in
In* organization of the Territorids of Ne>in?kn
and Kansas, Congress abstained from
nip -sing restraints npon theiu to .which
ertain otlier 'let t itot-ics had been subject,
herefore disorders occurred iu tlie latter
"erritory, is emphatically contradicted' by
lie fact that none have occurred in the forirer.
Those disorders were not the consepiencc,
in Kansas, of the freedom of selfjovernnient
conceded to that Territory by
?ongre?s, but of unjust interference on the
art of persons not inhabitants of the Terilory.
Such interference, wherever it has
s hi hi led itself, by acts of i sunoctionary
hnrac'.er, or of obstruction to processes of
aw, ha* been repelled or suppressed, by all
he, means which the Constitution and the
i?- place in the hands of the Executive.
In those parts oflhe United Slate* where,
v reason of the inflamed state of the pubic
mind, fnlso rumors and tnisrepresentaions
have tlie grentest currency, it has l?een
iwiinifi tnnt it ww the <1aty of the Excutive
not only to suppress insurrectionary
n >vemeiit? in Kansas, but also to see to
lie regularity of local elections. It needs
it tie argument to show that the President
ias no such power. All government in
ho United States ro>U substantially upon
popular election. The freedom 01 election*
t liable to he impaired by the Intrusion of
inlawful vote?, or the exclusion of lawful
ties, by improper inflaencos, l?y \iolenceor
iy fraud. But the people of the United
hates are themsc.ves tho all sufficient guarHans
of their own rights, and to suppose that
bey will not remedy, .in due season, any
ucJi incidents of civil freedom, is to suppose
heni to have ceased to be capable of self- ,
overntnent. The President of the United *
It a tot has not* the power to interpose in
lections, to see to their freedom, to canvas*
heir rotes. ?,t to p;,>s upon their legality
a the Terriunioa any more than in the
itat<js. If he had such power the govern sent
might he republican in form, but il