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of silk performed this function: in aucient Chronicles, gi?hl. silver and silk are mentioned equally amnion 7 . The basis of the currency of the Chinese and of the Russians, 6eems to he more curious and substan ial than any other. The small coins of the Chinese appear to cost more in the labor of fabrication than they are worth in their currency; thev cannot therefore he forced, and the material is a mixed metal worth less in the crucible, or for exportation, than in its use as coin. in Russia, the abundant base, of their currency is copper, whose value in coin is less than in commerce ns-metal; this is an unusual condi tion, but a happy one as far as it ex tends. As riches and circulation increased with civilization and confidence, and after tho" discovery of America and the working in its mines, gold and silver took with advantage the place of all these expedients; one slep further has been taken, on the basis of credit in the use of paper money. Metallic money, in its value, its quantity, its facility and rapidity of circulation?in its transport and pre sence, can no longer be suitable or equal to the exigencies of-our trade and exchanges; paper is becoming indispensable every where in foreign commerce, and as necessary in the great internal trade of an improved; active, and productive country. NEW-YORK, JUNE 9. Z iTEST FROM EJVGMND. By the Packet ship Albion, Capt. Williams, we have received from / * our Correspondents, London papers and general shipping and Commer cial Lists, to the 29lh of April; Loytl's Lists to the 27th, and Liver pool [topers to the 1st of May, all inclusive. We are aUo indebted to Captain Williams for a file of Liv erpool papers to the 1st of -May. The Report of the Bank Commit tee was expected on the first week of May. It said that Mr. Tierney will he against the report. " Thus then," says a London paper, " the report cannot he in favor of n very sudden or decided plan for the re sumption of cash payments, and yet it must hold out a reasonable pros pect for that resumpsion, or the other five or six opposite members of the committed would not have Toted far it." The Leeds papers notice the de crease of upwards of 240,000 liieces of cloth in the manufactories in York shire, during the last year. On the 2d of April, a fire broke out in the town of Helskfmul, in Hungary, which destroyed six hun dred houses; amon? which were two Churches, and the barracks. In our London papers, we have two ilqwu'ts from the Select Com* mittee of the (louse of Coipmons on the Financial State of the Na tion.?The first relates particularly to the income and expenditures of the kingdom, and the second to the state of the army. By the second, it appears, that the'reduction of the army, during the present year will amount to nearly 32,000 rank and file, making a total reduction since the peace of nearly 5t>.(HM) men, leaving still in the public service nearly 70,0(X). On the first report, the London Star, an opposition pa per, thus remarks. u The Fi nance Report is in fact, virtually, a declaration of National Bankruptcy, although couched in that sanguine language in which Bankrupts always ! represent their affairs when they can no longer equivocate the truth to themselves, nor conceal it from their creditors. We owe about eight hun iLed millions sterling, to liquidate which we have 1,683,784/; that is to sa^, we have annuity which may re deem our debt in the course of ahjout six hundred years or more?always supjn>sing tiiat we are to enjoy an unoisturhod Peace for all that period, and our Revenue always to remain at its present rate." In the House of Commons on the 2fith of April, Mr. Robinson moved that the. House should resolve itself into a Committee, tocon^idvr ui" the Convention with the United States ? f America. This lmving i>een - greed to, he said, that by a Treaty, * considerable portion of the fishery carried on by American* on our coast of North America, had l>een given jlija by the United States: but there! was still no law to condemn Ameri-j cau vessels, fishing, for instance, in the harbor of Halifax. It was there-] fore necessarv, that some law shouldj ? 7 be enacted, for the punishment of Americans violating the Treaty, and therefore he should move, 4hat the1 Governors of our Provinces, and the com nanders, should be empowered,! by Orders in Council, to take Amer ican vessels violating the Treatv. He then moved for leave to bring in a Hill, to prevent subjects of the United States from fishing on the coasts of Newfoundland and Labra dor. Sir J. Newport said, this was a subject of most momentuous impor tance, and he begged the House would attend to it in a future stage. Leave was then given to bring in the Bill. A Loudon paper of April 27th, says, that three more failures were yesterday announced on Change. A letter ftoin Hamburg of the 20tl? of April, received in London an nounces that "The house of Ilaak and Hchrober, together with that of Sclmapauft' and Rittmiester are this day declared insolvent, the former^ the amount of 195,(XX), and the latter to that of 233,000 mark sbanco." The University of Cambridge have determined to present petitions to both houses of Parliament against the ad mission of the Romau Catholics, to political power. A treaty is on the point of defini tive arrangtnient, between the British Government and Algiers, by which mutual lights and commercial advan tages are to be recognized on the most liberal and enlighted conditions. The Prince Regent has l*een con fined at Brighton by sickness. A bulletin, dated in the afternoon of the 27th of April, stated that he was convalescent. At the Old Bailey sessions 011 the ..r 4 - 1.-1 ' " 1UUI Hi iiptii) a inn Iiitiucu 1. IM'AU bury, nged only sixteen years, was tried for uttering two counterfeit notes of 1/ each. He was found guilty, and received the sentence of death. Lieut. Gen. Count Ricard, peer of France, i* appointed Ambassador to Russia. An evening paper of. April 20th mentions, that it is still rumored, that an intention is actively prosecuted to accomplish a divorce between two il lustrious personages. Another mes senger has been fent off to Italy. The ship Isabella, which bore the flag of Capt. Ross, in the late voyage of discoveryv sailed from Hull for America, with ?00 English passen gers. The emigration from the north of England is said to be more exten sive this seasoft, than at any former period. At the latest advices from Belfast, ft ft o en vessels were at that port bound to America, with emigrants. The like inunbar of vessels were at Lon donderry, for the same destination. Advices from Barcelona, of the 28th of March, state, that " judgmen has been pronounced on twenty-two officers complied in the conspiracy of Gen. Lacy. Seventeen of the of ficers incarcerated in the Fortress o Mont Jon v, are Condemned to death, and it is th.Might that Ferdinand will not change the fatal sentence in favor of these unfortunate men, covered with wounds received in defence of his cause." Well's London Commercial List of April ?7, quotes United States Hank Shares at 21/. each, and ob serves that there were buyers at that price. \> ^ 'I lie valuable lleet of merchant men, from the Havana, consisting of seven \ easels, iruler convoy of the Sabina frigate, arrived safely at Ca <ii>, on the IHli of April, the amount of specie on board, is estimated at two millions and a half of dollars. v Prices ut Liverpool, May 1.?Up land Cotton 11 14 to 13; Sea Island 2 to 3s; New-Orleans 12 to II 12; Uo>\t;(is ui fait demand, but 'prices still falling ; Flour 32 to 3fis Pot Ashes 41 to 43 s: Peajs 52 ; 54, litte-(loins;, but prices stead- . James Kiver Tobacco, 3 t-2d.; ii ferior descriptions purchased forship ping, hut no demand for finer cjual. ties; Kentucky 3 l-? to 5 3-4: Flax-seed 100 to 105. The enquiry for Kice had revived. Coralina has been sold at j0>. dut> paid, aud 30s. for a parcel .fa bond. LONDON, AFK1L 29. Commerce.? Independent of the fluctuations to \\ hich uver speculation and monopoly have occasioned, a> has been the case with Cotton, Oil. &c. we think, we perceive tlie gradual, though tardy oj>eration; of the resto ration of a general paciticatiori in the fall of price of almost all commodi ties which the proliis and risk attend ant upon a slate of warfare had caus ed to rise far, very far, above their intrinsic value; brt at length it is beginning to be discovered that many trans-marine productions can be pro cured upon much more reasonable terms than even the piesent lowered prices of such commodities would in duce us to suspect. It remains still to lie ascertained at what price the Planter in American can allord to sell his cotton : perhaj s it may be found that from 12 to 14 cents, will! amply repay his advance of capital nnd labor for cultivating it?.mtfc probably the free traders to the Kast Indies will soon discover that cotton,! in those regions, may be had almost] '-for-the trouble of collecting it.?Gof 'o fee, it may shortly appear, may l>e purchased at IJatavia for about four pence per pound, aud soon \>ith many other commodities, so that we apprehend the present to be a most critical and still interesting period in the history of commerce, and merchants as well as statesmen are imperiously called upon deeply to reflect upon its present awful state, and to regulate their operations ac cordingly. Among the long list of exporta tions to the Continent, we are par ticularly struck with the extensive, and still increasing, shipment, of Cotton Wool?that it \s not in ourj power to check the improvement ofi foreign manufactories, or to monopo-j lize the Cotton Trade altogether, i admits of no question, but ve cer tainly are not called upon to encour age our rivals, as we are no* doing, by furnishing them with the raw ma-j terial upon lower terms than our owu artisans can procure it. The duty upon Cotton, for home consumption, is one penny per pound, which, at the present low rates of that article, is, ujpon Bengals, about 20 per cent, and upon American and Brazil Cot ton, about 8 to 10 per cent, there being no duty upon exportation, we supply manufacturers abroad at so much lower rates than our own coun trymen. We are no advocates for any additional imposition of duties, particularly in commerce, yet as we do not think it would be very conve nient to repeal tiie existing doty on Cotton, we are of opinion that, un jler present circums truces, foreigners purchasing it from us should, in jus tice to ourselves, be suhjectsto the like charge. JForeign Trade.?Our advices from Hamburgh arc *o the 20th inst.? Coffee continued subject to great fluc tuations, and Varied as much as 10 per cent, last week:?the general tendency of tliat article seemed downwards, and large arrivals being expected, prices, it was anticipated, would he lower towards the summer, when it was ho|H?d good business might be done. The tranactions In Cotton were considerable, i200 bags arc reported to have been sold, chief ly Bengals. Sugar was dull. Rice in good demand. Tobacco station ary. Cotton twist (English) in re forest, and selling at saving prices upon the last Manchester quotations. fjaw Changes in Scotland.?Thr Chief Barron of the Exchequer in Scotland retires, and tw o candidate* have offered themselves for this high office.?the Chief Commissioner of die Jury Court, Sir Win. Adam, And the lord Advocate. ? The latter, it is reported, is the most likely to ucceed. Kiuiizration is still the order of the lay nt Plymouth dock and its neigh orhood. Several uf the vessels hat have sailed had from 1CX) to 120 ouls on board. A farmer .from iio :iet!eming, in Devon, and his wile nd ten children, are among the migrants. There were besides sev raI families of five or six children. Some excellent workmen have de arted, and among them a few from he dock-yard. It is supposed thai io fewer than 1000 persons have ailed for America from Plymouth '.uring this season. PARIS, APRIL S3. Accounts from Switzerland state, hat the French Minister there, M. de Talleyrand, had in pursuance of trder* from his government, opened \ negotiation with the States which :iad concluded military capitulations w ith France, in order to obtain some modifications of the existing capitu lations respecting the administration of justice in their own regiments, which the Swiss have always exer ci>ed. it appears that the privileges eh*o>ed in this respect by the Swiss are cousidercMl incompatible with the present Laws of France, particular* In in cases of complicity with French men. The King also desires that the French military Code shall hft jadopted with reference to The Swiss jUegiments in the service of France, lthe capitulations stipulating nothing upon that question. Although,. how ever, the military capitulations are are agreed upon by the Can burial Governments, it appears that the overturns of the French Minister are to he referred to the Federal Diet, which hiid been previously occupied with the consideration of a Penal Code for these regiments. domestic' u PHILADELPHIA, JUNE 7. American Pharmacopoeia.?The convention of the middle States, for the formation of a National Pharma cu|K?ia, met 011 the 1st inst. \n tlifL chamber f>f the College of Phisicians of Philadelphia. During the ses sion, the several articles of the mate ria medica, and their preparations, were individually considered, and such selections made as was deemed most proper. This convention clos ed its cession on the 4th inst. by the appointment of the following dele gates, to present the middle district, in the general convention, for the for mation of a Pharmacopoeia, and sys tem of medical ethic s, adapted to the United fcMtes, to be held at Wash ington, on the 1st of January, 1830. Doctors Samuel L. Mitchell, Alex ander H. Stevens, Lyman Spalding, John Watts, jr. of New-York. Doc tors Thomas Parke, Thomas T. Ilewson, of Philadelphia; Allen M'Lane, of Wilmington, Delaware ; Elisha De Butts, Samuel Daker, of fttaltiuiore; llenvy Hunt, of Wash ington, D. C. It is hoped that the practitioners of Medicine, residing in the middle States, who are acquainted with the virtues of the American Plants will communicate such information, to some of the above named committee, in order tint it may be incorporated in the great national work which now promises to be speedily completed. WASHINGTON, JUNE 10. We have lost the President for some days past, and we shall proba bly hear nothing of him for some dajs to come on his passage from the abode of civilized man, through the depths of onr Southern forests, ami alternate burning sands, to the borders of Tcnnesst e. It is said that he is to return to the seat of government b> the middle of next month, expecting that by that time news may reach this country of the ratification of the treaty with Spain. We think it probable it may, as we have already received information of Mr. Forsyth's safe ar rival at Cadiz, and intended depar ture thence for the capital of Spain. I In t it is not cjuito so likely that the President can complete his long and laborious tour, almo&t as formidable as a voyage round (ho globe, wit? :,i the time designated. If he does nut c shorten his tour, it is hardly to he ex pected that he w \\\ reach home before the middle of August. JUNE 14. 3Ve understand that Mr. Secreta ry Craw foul has departed from the .-eat of government, to visit the Pub lic Road which is carrying on he tween Cumberland and \N heeling. Some contracts are to be made for its completion . and various conflicting representations respecting the work, and those interested in it, are said to have rendered his presence there de sirable. DAKlfcN, JUNE 14* Sweating fhe Jiank.?^A circum stance which happened at tiie Ua\'c in this city two or three days ago, may serve to put the public oi\ their gaurd against a set of sharpen that are draining the State of its specie. A couple of pedlers, with a profes sional cart, came to the Bank with bills to the amount of two thousand and five dollars, that they had picked up in the country by retailing jews haVps to the children and tobacco pipes to old women, &c. and drew specie to that amount, which they carried off in their pedling vehicle, lo sell it probably at an advance to merchants connected with the. East* India trade. It is understood that a company of these packmen, who live by imposing on (lie ignorant and may be considered as the blood-suckers of society, have formed themselves into a company for the purpose of drain ing the Darien hank of its silver, which they intend to pour into that vortex of Mammon, the Kant-Indies. It would I Hi wpll for the people to de feat their object by giving them the notes of sucli banks as are not com pelled to pay specie. Hy such a step the metallic medium may be re tained in the country, and a set of fel lows, who bear no more resemblance to the houest northern merchant and mechauic, than a highway man to an eccelesiaslic, be traversed in their ^peculations, and perhaps compelled to choose some more useful occupa tion. CHARLESTON, JUNE 13. _ : Steam Navigation.?* -The new steam-boat Columbia, started yester day, with two tow boats, ou her first trip to Columbia. The tow boats had full and valuable cargoes of goods on board. These boats are the pro eof the South-Carolina Steam Company. JUNE 14. Suicide.?A melancholy event took place oil Friday evening last which has caused a deep sensation in the public, mind.?Thomas ?e raud, Esq. a highly respected citi zen, and late a member of the City Council, about 1) o'clock on that evening, accompanied by a servant lad, about 7 years of age, proceeded to the wharf, at the foot of Church street. near the Ilattery, where, placing himself on the verge of tho water, he put a pistol to his mouth, and blew out his brains, lie fell into the stream^ but an alarm being in.mediately raised, he was taken out in a few tniuutes, and a Jury of Inquest sat upon the body, who re turned a verdict, that the deceased, came to his death by destroying him self in a fit of mental derangement, by blowing out his brains with a pis tol."?The cause of this dreadful deed, is attributed to the embarrass ment of his concerns, and gveat los ses in trade, occasioned by the pres sure of the times. JUNE 10. Thuvder -During the thun der storm on Sunday afternoon, the bouse of Mr. Samuel llyams, in King-street, w as struck by lightning, and was much shattered. The fam ily of Air. II. were in various de partments, and, although the electric fluid penetrated into almost every part ol the house, not a [lersou w as injured. A negro child, in St. Philip's street, was struck dead by rrlTasli of lightning, during the above storm.