'Z(0
THE NEW W SOUTH.
Vol. 3, No. 30. P?rt Royal, S. C., Saturday, May 6, 1865. Whole No. 134.
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Ut $tctu ^outlr.
published every saturday morning ey j
J. H. SEARS, Editor and Proprietor.'
PBICE:
One Copy, Five Cents.
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Advertisements.?'Twenty cents a line for first
. tiitown <>futs for secoiid, and ten cents
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lor each subsequent insertion.
TERMS CASH.
Office, Phoenix Building, Union Square adjoining
Post Office.
The Preetlmen.
The following Circular has recently <
been issued by Bvt-Maj.-G? n. K. Saxton*
: j ]
Headquarters, Beacfobt. R. c .)
April fcld. l?o5. j
CIRCULAR,) j.
No. 4. f !l
It having been reported to me,ihat unauthorized
per.-ons are now settl n on lauds winch have
been reserved aud set aiwirt for the freedraen. ,1
the following is published for the information and ,
benefit of all concerned :
HEADQUARTERS, MlL. plv. of the MlSC, ) j '
Is THE Fl*XD, Savannah, (la , Jan. lf?. 1S?5. j j
SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS. \
No. 15. |
EX I K ACT. j
1. The islands from Charleston, south, the 11
abandoned rice fields along the river*, for thirty j
miles back from the sea, and the country bordar- j
in# the St, John's River, Florida, are nerved !
and set apart for the settlement of the negroes J.
made free by the acts of war ami tlio prnciamu- |<
lion of the President of the United States.
II. At Beaufort, Hiltou Head. Savannah, For-1
n&ndina, St Augustine, and Jacksonville the 1
blacks may remain in their chosen or accustomed,
avocations ; but on the islands and in the sHtlcP ,
rnents hereafter to be established, no white person*whatever,
unless military officers or soldiers ;
detailed for duty, will l>e penuitted to restde , 1 >
nd tue s<?le ami exclusive management of affairs j <
will be left to the freed people themselves, sub- ,
Ject only to the United States military authority,
and the acts ot Congress, by the laws of war,
and order- of the President of the. United St3tos, , i
the negro is free and must be dealt with as such. I (
******
III. Whenever throe respectable nc^oe* heads
ol families, shall desire to settle on land, and j'
shall have selected for that purpose an islaud, or j i
a locality clearly defined witliln the limits above ,
alesjguued, the Inspector of Settlements and <
Plantations will himself, or by such subordinate i
officer as he may appoint, give them a license to (
flittle sueh island or district, and afford thein i i
such assistance as he ein, to enable them to cs- :
tabhsh ajieaceabio agricultural settlement. The j
three parties named will subdivide the land, un-11
?lcr the supervision of the Inspector, among 1
themselves, and sueh others as may choose to ,
settle near them, so that each family shall have <
- ?1..? -.? r?r.*.. than f.irtv <401 rvivs. of tillable .
-U (J1UI l/i IU'* V .-?.v
ground. and when it borders on some water channel.
with not more than eight hundred feet front, 1
in the possession of which laud the military authorities
will aftbrd them protection, uutd such
xiuies as they cau protect themselves, or until
a'ongress shall regulate their title.
# * s - e ?
IV. Whenever a negro han enlisted in tin- military
service'of the T'uited States, he may locate 1
his family in one of the settlements at pleasure, j
- and acquire a homestead and all other rights and
pr.velejea of a settler, as though preient in per-}
son ; iu lite maimer negroes may settle tueir
famine's and engage on board gunboats, or in fishing,
or in the navigation ot the inland waters,
without lcalng any claim to laud, or other advautageo
der.ved from tliis system. But no one. unless
au actual settler as above defined, or unless
absent on Goverument sendee, will be entiled to
claim any right to land, or property in any settle- j
mc.it, by i irtue of these orders.
V. In order to carry out this system of settle-J
me it, a General Officer will be detailed as Inspec-;
tor of Settlements and Plantations, whose duty, ;
it shall be to visit the settlements, to regulate
their police and general management, and who j
will furnish personally to each head of a family. '
aubject to tli1 approval of the President i
of the United States, a possessor}' title i
in writing, giving, as near as possible, the de- i
seription of boundaries, who shall adjust all
claims or coatlicts that may arise under the same,
subject to the like approval, treating such titles
altogether a? possessory. The same General officer
will alsa be charged witfl the enlistment and
organization of the negro recruits, and protecting
their int -rests while so absent from their settlements
; and will be governed by the rules und j
regulations prescribed by the War Department
for such purpose.
******
By Order Major-Gen. W. T. SHERMAN,
(Signed,) L. M. Dayton,
Major and Ass't Adjt. Gen'l.
Having been detailed by the, proper authority,
and being held responsible for the enforcement
of this order, I hereby warn all persons against
violating any of its provisions, as all such will be
helil to the strictest accountability for trespass,
their effects will be seized for t e benefit of the
Freedmen, and themselves sent out of the Departmen ?or
otherwise punished by sentence of a
military commission. All Superintendents
of Plantations, Islands, &c., and all officers
or other persons on duty in connection with the
Frecdmen are required to bring to the immediate
notice of the Inspector of Settlements, any violation
of the provisions of this order.
Superintendents of Islands and Plantations'
will cause copies ot this circular to be posted up
in conspicuous positions, and take every opportunity
to inform those concerned in its exist- '
mice.
Thirty days will be allowed for the proper eir-:
filiation of its contents, and all who fail to vacate j
premises which are occupied l>y them, contrary
to and in violation of the provisions of General
Sherman's order. No. 15, will be at once arrested,
should it be necessary to employ military force to ,
carry out the provisions of this circular, application
will at oooe be made to rae for such force.
R. SAXTON.
Bvt-Major-Gcneral, Inspector of Settlements
and Plantations,
The writer of the article " Fair Play
thy Best Policy," in the May number of
The AtUihtlc Mo.dltly says :
"Now there are hut two systems possible
in dealing with an emancipated people. I
All minor projects are modifications oi:
these two. There is the theory of pre-!
partition, under some form, and there is:
the theory of fair play. Preparation is |
ippreuficeship, prescription,?the bar- i
gains of the freed man made for him, not
by him. Fair play is to remove all oh- j
structions, including the previous mono- j
poly of the soil,?to recognise the freed-!
mail's right to all social and political;
guaranties, and then to let him alone. |
There i> undoubtedly room 'or an lion-;
L'st division of opinion on thislundament.il
matter, among persons equally sincere.?
Even among equally well-informed per-'
sous there may be room for difference,
Although it will hardly be denied thai
those who favor the theory of " prep;iratiou
" are in general those who take a
Hither low view of the capacities of the
emancipated race. The policy pursued
in Louisiana, ti r instance, was undoubtedly
based at the outset, whatever other
reasons have siuce been adduced, on the
theorj* that the freedmen would labor
only under compulsion. I have seen an
elaborate argument, from a leading otlicer
in that Department, resting the whole
theory on precisely this assumption.?
'The negro, bom and reared in ignorance,
could not for years be taught to properly
understand and respect the obligations
or a contract. His ideas of his freedom
were merged in the fact that he was to be
fed and clothed and supported in idleness."
Whatever excuses may since
have been devised for the system, this
was its original postulate. To suppose it
true would be to reject the vast bulk o!
evidence already accumulated, all demonstrating
the freedmen's willingness
to work. Yet if the assumption be lalse,
any system founded on it must be regarded
by the freedmea as an insult, and
must fail, unless greatly modified."
We regret that our little sheet will not
allow us to quote largely from this article.
It was evidently written by Col. T. W.
Higinson, formerly of the First South
Carolina Volunteers -colored troops. We
commend it, However, as one sicie 01 me
argument on the question "What shall
be done with the n.*gio?" to those who
l.oatslly have at heart the best interests
of oir country and the freedmen.
The Colonel, however, makes several
errors of stateni.-atjdjriving hisinforma.
j ti.m from " newspaper correspondents," 11
: of whom he makes a breastwork, in true (
I
| military style, from which to attack offi-1
cers at this Post?who he mean-:, we do j i
not know. It is not a fact that white ! \
men are forbidden to trade at Mitchel- 1
, ville or the colored people at Hilton |
Head. They are here by hundreds every (
day, and several stores are kept by white
men at Mitchelville. I
: <
And where are " the freedmen who by t
profitable investments have laid up twen- '
to or thirty thousand dollars " ? W<; saw
.) ef.ifntnonf vnoontlv fKnf PCivtol 1
it nuitvu4v.iii maw iiuuci c email j
was worth thirty thousand dollars. We i
asked him to-dav about it. He gays "it
is no such thing." The chief part of all 1
he owns is the amount paid him as his j
share of the prize money of the "Planter"?only
fifteen hundred dollars, and
he is now Captain of that steamer on a
salary of one hundred dollars per month, j
Nor can Robert tell us of a single freedman
(and he should be well acquainted
with the most of them in this Depart- 1
ment) who is better oft* than himself.
The Colonel should bo careful when ,
rounding his periods, pointing his morals
or. adorning his tales, to state facts, else
the cause which he, in common with all
philanthropists, has so much at heart,
will suffer. I
We confess that, for our own part, we
eatiuot see how the inevitable laws, which
always have and always will govern capi- j
till Hiid labor, can be ?et aside in tjif r.isy \
of the negroes auy more than in that ol
I other communities of poor, ignorant ami j
degraded people. It seems t j us that the
cost to government of these experiments :
i (and they are certainly nothing else) will |
I be enormous aud grevious to be borne iu ,
the present condition of the finances o.' i
the country. Will not private capital
soon control this matter and direct the
lal or of the frt-eJmcn to a profitable re- i
! suit?profitable alike to them and to the 1
; country ?
.In the meantime, and until this groat
; question is fully, fairly, truthfully dis:
cussed by the nation and settled by leg-1
i islation, we consider the Government
!
guardianship, now bcin? so kindly ex.
{tended to the freed people, to be the
wisest ?ind best protection that can be
1 * . I
; attorned tnern.
i
Never before have we meddled with
this question iu our columns. But the
war is now drawing to a close. Private
enterprise, if properly fostered by Gov.
i eminent, will soon open work ia this
section for thousands of laborers. They
| are here, and unless poisoned by false
I ideas of "liberty and equality'' can be;
! made of inestimable service not only to
themselves but to the whole country.
The subject presies too close upon us to '
i neglect it longer.
-?
| A Pipe of Tobacco.?'* When all things
' were made, none was made better than
I this,' sad tnat stout old seaman, Salva[
tio.i Yeo, handing u roll ot brown leaf to
i that good knight Sir Am/as Leigh, '* to
1 be a lone man's compauion, a bachelor's
^ . #
riend, a hungry man's food, a sad man's
cordial, a wakeful man's sleep, and a chily
man's fire, Sir; while for staunching
it' wounds, purging of rheum, and settling
of the stomach, there's no herb like
into it under the canopy of heaven."
:o the truth of which catalogue of good
qualities many a mariner of the present
lay would, without hesitation, make
)ath.
A colored preacher within our lines recently
felt constrained to preach against
:he extortions of the Sutlers from which
/I _ 1_ 1. _ .1 AT .1 IT. A
ins hock 11 ii< i sunerea. no auuuuuceu
lis text as follows : " Now de serpent
ivas more sutler than any beast of tho
ield which the Lord lmth made."
In view of the fact of the sparseness of
hi white population in the seceded slave
>tntes and the large proportion of that
copulation which canuot be implicitly reied
on by reason of their active coiinec:ion
with the rebellion, the question
lecessaiily arises, to whose hands, on reconstruction,
the popular government of
:liose States is to be intrusted, in order
:o secure the national peace and safety,
riiut question must be considered ere
long. In South Carolina especially,
where the chivalry were in a minority,
lud so generally traitors, it is a problem
what use to make of it in a restored
Union.
?On* a recent occasion, while the Prcsilent
and his liiemls were on board the
River Queen, at City Point, a military
baud came on dock, where the party
were sitting, and perform* d several natioiud
airs, after which they gave that
stirring anthem La Marselhn.se. This was
justly udinired. "Put," remarked Mr.
Lincoln, " 1 think that the greatest tune
I efcTtrwrd *l[p p?nd
play 4 Dixie ?'" The band could and did
play ' Dixie ' capitally, and then, at Mr.
Lincoln's request, they repeated it. The
next dav. as the icu ty sat at dinner-tahle
on the steamer River Queen, the conversation
turned on music of the previous
ilay. 44 Dixie " was el timed by a gentleman
at the table as of Northern origin.
"Mr. Speed,'' said Mr. Lincoln to his
Attorney-General, " I want vou to take
the proper steps to confiscate 4 Dixie ' to
the L'. S. I want to have 4Dixie' national
property." The Attorney-General
replied, 44 Yts, Mr. President, I regard it
as a prize of war, and shall see that it is
retained for lojal use." So, henceforth,
let, " Dixie " follow 44 Hail Columbia,"as
tue Freueh musicians followed '{La Mftrsellaise"
with ' Partant pour la Svrie. '
Mr& Partington has addressed us the
following uote. Ike is safe enough,
Aunty. lie has not yet returned from
the Sumter celebration. Ralph and Whit
will look out for liira. Don't be uneasy.
Dear Sir:?Perhaps you don't know
Isaac has gone to the contented field; In?
was grafted last fall in oreofthe wings of
the army; I suppose the flying artillery;
I wrote to Mr. Stanton telling him not to
put Isaac where lie would get shot, as
lie wasn't used to it. I know what iufluenza
you must have with the President,
and I write this to you to get Isaac on a
furlong, so he can get his mended pauta
loons, for he writes me two of their "parrots
" burst their breeches, and I think
what an awful thing it won id be if Isaac
was a parrot, v; nen isaac nsen to sing,
I want to bo an angel," I did not think
he won 1(1 so soon bo with the "swamp
angels" down in Charleston. Ho says
the war will be over soon, and he will
come back a victoria. I'm sure I wish it
was over now, or hadn't commenced vet.
Yours, RUTH PARTINGTON.