The Lancaster news. (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, February 20, 1917, Image 5
EDUCATING INDIA B~"
AN IMPORTANT TASK
WORK THAT CONFRONTS ITS
J GOVERNMENT.
Proportion to Lower Schools to
Higher Institutions Ridiculously
Small.
Delhai, India, Feb. 15, (Correspondence
of ttao Associated I'ress).?
No more important and difficult task
faces British India today than education
of its 244,000,000 people, of
whom 04 per cent are illiterate.
Many thousands are literally primitive
folk who not only have no desire
for learning themselves but in many
cases regard the introduction of
schools with suspicion.
Ilncongrous an it may seem, British
India ranks fairly w^ll among tlio nations
in higher education so far at
least as quantity is concerned?while
In the matter of elementary training,
upon which the enlightenment of the
masses depends, it is exceedingly
backward.
"The man who Is reputed to have a
more Intimate knowledge of the Indian
educational question than any
other person in the coentry is HJ
Sharp, educational commissioner with
the government of India. Mr. Sharp
spoke, not as an otlleiai of the government,
but In h private capacity,
expressing his personal views .to a
correspondent of the Associated
Press.
"Higher education Is now well advanced?at
least in quantity," lie
snld. "Out of a total of 7.500.000
1,000,000 pupils are in colleges oi
| secondary schools. These million pu
ipils, however, comprise only 0.5 pei
cent of the total population of British
India.
"The education of girls is almost
non-existent. The female populatior
in British India is nearly 119,000,<
000. But not much more than 1 ,
B 000,000 girls are under instruction
Of the male population 5.1 per ceni
ore under instruction; of the female
1 per cent; of both together 3.1 pei
cent. It is only in the higher edn
I cation of hoys that our tlgures wil
stand comparison with Kuropear
countries, with America, with Japat
and so forth."
The commissioner was asked wha
J|(he difficulties were which were hold
'Ing back mass education.
Three Great Obstacles.
"There are," he said, "many part'
of the country where there is no tra
dttion of education at all. Lifo goes
on nnnnrpntlv m 11 r?V? qg it /lit! nnnl i?
ries ago. Second, India is essentialh
an agricultural country, and many o
the people dp not see the value o
education and they prefer to pu
their children early to work. Third
there is the caste system. Millions o
the population are regarded as doom
cd to be hewers of wood and drawers
of water. Till recently, it was re
garded almost an impious act foi
a member of a low caste to attaii
learning. Doubtless there are man;
who still so regard it, though ii
many quarters opinion has recentl;
been liberalized. Some people sa;
that the caste system is breaking up
It is still very deep rooted. Its rule!
are loosening in some directions; bu
they are also tightening in others.
"There is also the reaction on tin
male population and its educations
ideals which is exercised by the fac
that the female population is illlter
ate?oniy-l per cent of it can reat
and write. When half the popula
tion grows up practically illiterate
the incentive to education in the oth
er half must be sensibly lowered
and, when home education is a thin;
almost unknown, the figures of liter
cy are affected and education doe;
not bulk as a customary adjunct o
life.
"Of course these causes do not op
erate to an equal degree in all part:
of India. In Burma there is a tradi
lion OI UUiK'Uimn uirouKii mr mop
astlc schools, there is no caste am
there Is no purda (under the purdt
system a woman can be seen unveil
ea by no man outside the members o
her own family). Consequently, it
that province, the percentage of lit
eratep in the male population i
more than throe times what It is ir
India as a whole. In the extrenu
south of India, too, the percentagi
of literacy is comparatively high
there Is a tradition of learning, am
there Is a strong Indian Christlai
Christian community. In which casti
and purda are unknown. Bengal
Madras as a whole and Bombay conn
next; those provinces possess a coin
paratlvely long record of Brltlsl
rule, seaboards, marketable crops
acme industries and some tradition
of learning. It Is In the land lookm
and high agricultural provinces o
upper Indfa that things are mos
i backward.
A Fifth Point.
k .
"There Ib a fifth difficulty. India
is a poor country, though she la
growing richer. The reveuue is small
for the size of the country and the
population Much has to be met
from it, that is, communications are
still defective in some parts of the
country. More money is wanted.
(The present lack of it affects all kinds
ioT education. Higher education
I partly pays fop itself through feos,
but the quality needs improving.
| Elementary education falls mainly
on provincial funds and rates; iho
jlatter are not easily explained."
' "But even in recent years I have
seen new schools erected and drawing
only half a dozen boys, when
there were 40 to 50, who lived within
a half mile, could easily have
come so far as distance was concernJed
and would have had to pay no
fees at all. But things are improving.
Peoplo are coming more and
more to see that there is some utility
in reading and writing."
The correspondent brought up the
question of whether resort would
ever bo had to compulsory education.
"The country Is not yet ready for
| compulsion," replied Mr. Sharp.
j"You must, in a vast country like In
dia and so conditioned, have mass
education on a fairly solid basis hefore
compulsion steps in to fill lh(.
paps. At present compulsion would
not be filling the gaps but creatine
the fabric. That would be likely to
raise great discontent. A progres1
sive ruler in a native state, who has
done much to advance education ir
, his state, gave his opinion as follows:
i!'Make primary education as free as
I you choose, add as many further inducements
as you can, but do no:
make it compulsory. In the case of
. the most advanced classes it is ab,
solutely unnecessary and would
servo only to create irritation. In the
. case of the poor backward classes It
would indict harm where good was
i meant, would subject them to grea'
'harassment, would be positively
t rrucl and unjust. and would be
, deeply though silently resented as
such." ?
The commissioner added, however,
that education might ho made comI
pulsory in more advanced areas and
the measure of compulsion gradually
opplied to others.
Trying Plnn Already.
1 "Already the Gaekwar of Baroda
i has made education compulsory in
i his state and an experiment is being
made in the State of Mysore," he con(itinued.
"In Baroda and the surrounding
British territories the people
are naturally rather appreciative
of education. The number of those
^ under elementary education in Baroda
has risen greatly since compulsion
was introduced and stands now
at 12 per cent of the population."
f \ The commissioner pointed out
t some defects in the educational sysr
tern as it stands.
j "It looks top-heavy," he said.
j"Tliis is partly due to the slow exr
pansion of mass as compared with
_jhigher education, and partly to the
fart that many boys pursue the high
school and university course who
jwould be better in technical', industrial
and commercial schools. The
I percentage of those who are In secondary
and collegiate institutions i*
10.47 per cent of the total population
and 3.15 per cent of the school population.
But If we take the maltpopulation
alone the figures are 0.92
and 6:2. In the United States 1.5
per cent of the total population is
in high schools and colleges."
The commissioner's attention wa>
called to the statement, often heard,
that there is a great deal of cramj
mlng and unintelligent Instruction in
. Indian schools.
"Unfortunately that is true," he
- said, "but not nearly to the same
; extent in different localities. The
? chief cause is poor teaching. Most
- of the higher institutions are man*
aged by private bodies, for example,
r 80 per cent of the high school are
|so managed. The terms of service
-! <)ften the managers pick up any one
* for the teachers are unattractive and
- they can?perhaps a man who looks
- on the joh as a potboiler while he
1 studies for the bar. In these prii
vately managed high schools, out of
n l/.UI ,. f 1.1 linj ? t I.- 11 _ V
- u tuvut VI i iriu u?*i a ni r? iif,i 1^11
f and classical languages, 11,649 are
i untrained."
$100 Reward, $100
1 The readers of this paper will he
pleased to learn that there Is at least
one dreaded disease thut science has
been able to cure in all its stares and
that is catarrh. Catarrh being greatly
' Influenced by constitutional conditions
> r< (lulres constitutional treatment. Hall's
Catarrh Medicine Is taken Internally and
I acts thru the Hlood on the Mucous Burst
i faces of the System thereby destroying
. the foundation off the disease, giving the
' patient strength by building up the const
stltutlon and assisting nature In doing Its
work. The proprietors have so much
* faith In the curative powers of Hall's
1 Catarrh Medicine thrt they offer One
Hundred Dollars for any a.n that it f->ili
i, ?o cure. Send for list of testimonials.
Address K. J. CHI.NICY A- < T '
K Ohio. Sold by all Druggist, ';.,
1!
?lo Quinine That Does Not Arrsct 1 ha Haus
1 U?-< fiuir ol it* tonic nud Insettve efteci, I,AX A
TlVIt BKOMO QlTININKU belter th?n or.limn
(jiiintne and does not cause nervousness r r
tinging In head. Hetnemher the full asotsauU
look lor the signature of li, W. GKOVli. 26c.
WHY NOT PROFIT-SHARING UKTWKKN
LANniiOKD AM)
TENANT?
I .
Some of the greatest industrial
plants of the country are adopting
the system of sharing profits with
their employees. They are doing this
after careful investigation?after
having found that such a plan, in the
long run, is profitable alike to employer
and employee.
Why can't a similar plan between
landlord and tenant be inaugurated?
We have before pointed out that a
share-cropping system, rather than
the payment for a, fixed rent, is more
likely to conserve the land and the interests
of the landlord and tenant.
Under such a system, both parties are
interested in making good crops and
saving the soil; whore a fixed rental
is paid, the tenant has no interest In
soil-saving or soil-building, and the
landlard is onl> concerned with the
collection of his rent.
Hut why can't we go oven furthei
than the ordinary share system in
rewarding the tenant for better
work? Suppose, as an illustration,
that In order to break even on the
year's operations, a certain half-andhalf
tenant must make on a certain
area six bales of cotton. Why not.
as an added Incentive, say to this
tenant : Make" six hales, and get a
bonus of ton dollars, and for each
(bale over six, an additional bonus, of
five dollars? Then as an inducement
for good tenants to remain year afler
year, why not progrev ively increase
the bonus with length of service?
We do not know that such a system
between landlord and tenant hat
been successfully used, but is there
any reason why it. cannot he done?
If some of the greatest manufacturing
plants in the country are using
it to the profit of all concerned, is it
not worthy of a trial on the farm?
Such a system affords the surest
of all means for getting the interest
and intelligent co-operation of the
tenant, and without these the landlord's
profits will always he doubtful.
?The Progressive Farmer.
TilK COXSl/MKIt'S 1XTEKKST IN
""ADVERTISED AND STANDARDIZED
(iOOI)S.
A hill of importance to all consumers
is the Stephenson-Ashurst act
now before congress, its object being
to standardize the price of advertised
articles. As it is now, ?
. mcrcnani win irequenny Qiror some
famous 25-cent article for 22 eunt>
and then perhaps muke good hh
2-cent loss by charging several timet
as much 011 some article not standardized
and advertised. Hut it is to
the advantage of the public to have
advertised articles of known quality
at known prices, and then fair competition
can be built up to keep these
prices right. We hope the Steph
ens-Ashurst bill will pass. As a
writer in the Christian Herald said
recently:
"The consumer has more at stake
in national advertising than would
at first appear. National advertising
has been the St. Patrick of business
As St. Patrick drove the snakes out
of Ireland so it has driven misrepresentation,
careless workmanship
and shoddy merchandise back int<
the shadows. It has put business or
; a four-square basis of truth in merchandise,
in business relations, and in
1 publicity. National advertising ha?
standardized merchandise and ha?
forced new standards of quality
which, but for it, would not havt
been possible except at much highei
prices under the blind system of dis,
trlbution which formerly ruled.
"The national advertiser has made
It possible for the consumer to know
what he is? buying, and to be surt
that when he pays he will get thr
quality he expects. The passage ol
lio Qtnnhnna. Atihnrqt hill will Y)1'G
vent the undermining of tho honest
manufacturer by methods that are at
least open to question."?The Progiesslve
Farmer.
Another Palmetto State Creamery
will he established at Orangeburg ir
April. This will make four such
creameries in the State.
No farm is complete without a
Bermuda pasture. No other part o|
tho fnrm will pay more dividend?
than a good Bermuda pasture.
Colds Relieved
Without Dosing
If yon havo tried "Internal" medicines
without suoceas, wo want you to try tho
"External" treatment ? Vick's "Vap-Ollub"
Salvo. Apply hot wet towels over
the throat and oliest to open the jK>ros, then
rub Vick's iu well and cover with a warm
flannel cloth. The l?ody warmth releases
healing vapors that aro inhaled with each
breath, and, in addition, Vick's is absorbed
through tho pores. 2?c, GOo, or $1.00.
ViCKSvs^SAUfE
I I
"S
? V
I I m.nM
m LEGAL NOTICES I m
TAX NOTICE.
'
The Tax Docks will open October
|15th, 1916, and close March 15th,j
] 1917. A penalty of one per cent will
be added during the month of Jan- j
|uary, two per cent In February, and
{seven per cent in March. The levy
for State purposes is 6 1-2 mills,)
Constitutional, School Tax 3 mills,!
Ordinary County 4 1-2 mills, Inter-!
est on Bonds for Past Indetedness 1<
I
mill, Interest on C. & C. Railroad
Honds 1 1-4 mills, Road and Bridge.
6 mills, Interest on Borrowed Money
; 1-2 mill, Interest ou C., C. & C.
| Railroad Bonds In Pleasant 11111
(Township 3-4 mills, Cills Creek
Township 1 1-2 mills, Cane Creek
Township 1 3-4 mills.
in scnool Districts Nos. G and 13
a special tax of two (2) mills Is
charged; in Districts Not. 22, 2! and
45 throe (2) mills; in Districts Nos.
2 and 36 (lvo (5) mills; In District
|No. 7 six (6) mills; In District No.
14 six and one-lialf (6 1-2) mills; in
Districts Nos. 10. 11, 12, 17, 18. 19.
24. 25, 31, 32, 33, 34. 39, 12, 43.
4 6 and 4 9 eight (8) mills; in District
No. 38 ton (10) mills; in District
No. 40 cloven til) mills and in Dis
triets Nos. 3, 4, 5, 9, 15. 20, 21. 23.
26, 27, 30, 47 at I 48 four (4*
mills. .
All resident' 1 et ween tlio ages of
21 and 55 years are liable for a
capitation tax of three dollars
(83.00) for Road Purposes, and all
citizens between the ages of 21 and
60 years are liable to a Poll Tax of
one dollar ($1.00) except those exit
nipt by law.
T. L. HILTON,
County Treasurer. .
NOTION OK DISCHARGE.
Notice is hereby given that the un-i
'dersigned will, as Guardian of the
estate of Mabel II. Stover, on the
9th day of March, 1917, make his
final return as such Guardian and
apply to the Probate Court of Lancaster
county for letters disptissary.
H. K. STOVER,
Guardian estate of Mabel H. Stover,
i 24-3tc.
NOTICE OF DISCHARGE.
Notice is hereby given that the un1
dersigned will, as Executor of the
estate of W. McD. Ilrown, deceased,
* on the 17th day of March, 1917,
' make his final return as such Execu'
tor and apply to the Probate Court of
Lancaster county fo** letters dismis>
sary.
>| ROUT. C. DROWN,
Executor estate of W. McD. Drown.
deceased.
1 TT'o). 1 ft 1 ? 1 T >
- * ' * Ol-|Hl.
- - .
Notice to Debtors aiul Creditors.
All persons having claims against
,the estate of W. T. Morris, deceased.
I will present the same, duly attested,
to the undrsigned, within the time
prescribed by law; and all persons indebted
to said estate will please
make prompt payment to same.
W. M. MORRIS, Executor,
, ELI-A MORRIS. E xecutrix,
Estate* W. T. Morris, deceased.
Feb. 13th, 1917.
BANKS TO CLOSE.
Thursday, February 22nd, being
a legal holiday, the undersigned
banks of this city will be closed:
| First National Rank, P. C.
, Mackey, cashier; The Rank of Lancaster,
Geo. W. Williams, cashier;
Farmers Rank & Trust Co., Max G.
, Rrittaln, cashier.
;[ woods
__
Seed Catalog
for 1917, tells about the best
Farm arid
Cardpn ^ppflc
Ml ?. V& VA?L V.9 V V VJL J
1 and gives special information as to
i the best crops to grow, both for
profit and home use.
The large increase in our business
which we have attain experienced
during the past year is the
best of evidence as to the high
' quality of
WOOD'S SEXDS.
Write for catalog and prices of
Grar.s and C iovcr See ds, Seed
Potatoes, Seed Oats or any
Farm Seeds required.
Catalog mailed free on request.
T. W. WOOD & SONS.
SLUDSMIN, - Richmond, Va.
Piles Cured in 6 to 14 I.ays
Yoor <1nur?lst vritt refund money It PA7.C
OINTMENT falls to cure? ittiycase of Itching,
Blind, Weeding or I'rotrtiding I'ilea In 6lo 14day*.
The first application gi?*i Kaae and Kcat. 90c.
f
h? Tggr
Advertised letters tor \\ ook rtmnijr -?m
February 17, 11)17.
Collins Freaiggear, Miss Minnie ud
ilindon, Miss Mamie lhirfleUl, Will
Dabbs, Miss Alice llenson. Miss May
Weir, Mrs. Larlnna McAteer, Alford
Steward, Howerad Robertson, L. M.
Twitty, Willie Elly, Miss Daisey 15.
Uaither. Mis. Idd<;r Foster, Steward
Thompson, Fred Allen, Mrs. 11. 11.
Davis, John Swett, J. A. Stannard,
WHAT IS |
LAX-FOS
LAX-FOS is an improved Cascara
(atonic-laxative) pleasant to take
In T.,AX-l?OS the Cascara is improved by
the addition of certain harmless chemicals
which increase the efficiency of the
Cascara, making it better than ordinary
Cascara. LAX-FOS is pleasant to take
and does not gripe nor disturb stomach.
Adapted to children as well as adults. '
Just try one bottle for constipation. 50c.
t J3I
&?
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We arc now showing a
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Big line New Style
ready for your inspeeti
All Priced at 15
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hi
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5
N
MAY WE HAVE TH
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Effective Lc
Fnv flirn
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Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin Highly
Recommended as a Family
Remedy.
In children the slightest irregu
larity of the bowels has a tendency
| to disturb the entire digestive sysItera,
and unless promptly remedied
invl*es serious illness. The experienced
mother knows that by training
her children to regularity in this
respect, and when occasion arises administering
a mild laxative, she will
have littlo need for the doctor's services.
Mrs. T.co Welgand, 3231 Central ')C
Ave., N. S., Pittsburg, Pa., whose two
boys, Frank and Joseph, are shown in
tin the illustration, writes that she tit
hns found Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pep- ar
sin a most effective laxative, not only
'for tho children but also for herself,
and that she will always keep it in
the house to use when needed. Dr. D
Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin is a combl- th
nation of simple laxative herbs with si
pepsin that acts easily and naturally,
without griping or other pain
|or discomfort. It is pleasant to the 's
'taste so that children like it, and is el
iequally efToctivo on tho strongest,tc
constitution. tc
I
-
"* * ? * -? '*" *
When calling for above pietse say
vertised. JAS. F. IH'NTKH.
Post master.
1^ 1 Statistic* show that
ItFfPSl^sdS 60* of all chicks die bafor*
maturity. This tratnandous
loss can ba
lartr.ly avoided. Lxpariencs shows
that y5\ rail be ralm-U. The nieth.nl
5 l? simple. It Is explained In Bulletin
No. 1, "Raising ?6X or Yoc* Bauy
Chick*." It is ftao.
Olio assentlnl la raisin* chicks I*
plenty of good food of ths right sort.
Home foods, (good parhapa, for adult
fow ls) will promptly kill baby chirks.
Manna Rice Chick l-ead will build
strong, lusty, healthy chicks. It
will .1 - '
;??* mo uenin rat.- nnil Id
crvH?D ths vlicor on I sturilinoM of
your foo ls. "
CDOAR MORGAN COMPANY
mihphis. tinn.
3 For .Salu by
DealiM 8 Kvri y whore.
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beautiful line of all
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hirts.
i a wide range of
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Soft Collars now
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<o. Heautiful range
in.
5c, 20c, 35c and 50c. *
m
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E PLEASURE OF
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wing Children
V V ^ ^ ~ A J
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'( . -*> A
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- ^ ' Jjj^^^L>^ranl( JoAVc i^andj
| Joseph 1 go Wei^andJ
Dr. Caldwell's syrup Pepsin can
> obtained at any drug store for
ty cents, and should have a place
every home. It will save many
mes its cost in lessened doctor bills
id maintain the health of the enre
family. To avoid imitations and
effective substitutes be sure to get
r. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin. See
at a facsimile of Dr. Caldwell's
gnature and his portrait appear on
10 yellow carton in which the bottle
packed. A trial bottle, free of
inrge, can be obtained by writing
?"I)r. W. b. Caldwell, 455 Washlng>n,
St., Monticello, Illinois.