The Lancaster news. (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, June 27, 1906, Page 6, Image 6
Soil Survey of Lancasterr
County '
1
Made by the National Depart- ?
ment of Agriculture?Infor H
mation of Great Value to t
the Farmers of this Coun- i
ty. ?
8
H
(Continued from last issue.) t
CECIL SILT LOAM. .
The Cecil silt loam consists of a 0
light-gray or ashy white silt loam, j
resting upon a yellow and slightly
heavier silt loam at from 10
to 15 inches, which is underlain ^
by a stiff yellow to red clay also
containing silt in the upper few t
inches. This in turn gives way
to the underlying talc schists. ^
Where the weathering of these
has not been deep, and they ap p
proaoh within 3 feet of the sur
face, the characteristic greasy
feel of soapstone is imparted to .
the soil. Quartz fragments are
conspicuous in places in both hoiI f
and subsoil, and frequently
quartz veins are to be observed
p
111 the latter. These have little or ^
no effect upon the agricultural t
value of the soil. Fine sand is ,
often mixed with the soil, so that
8
the dividing line between this
soil type and the Cecil tine sandy
loam is somewhat arbitiary, the
two types closely resembling each e
other, and having the same origin
and surface features. g
A distinct phase of the Cecil y
silt loam is found in the north- t
eastern part of the county, in the e
vicinity 01 iraaesviiie. xiere trie *
underlying talc Rchiste come H
near the surface, often outcrop- 1
ping. Forming, as they do, a bar- t
rier to cultivation, much of the d
area occupied by this phase is '
unfit for agricultural purposes c
When the talc elates are found s
within S or 10 inches of the sur i
face, the soil carries large quau- F
titiesof fragments which are also (
strewn thickly over the surface.
The Cecil silt loam, locally a
known as "white land," is second e
in extent in the area, forming by s
far the greater part of the north- *
eastern part of trie county, and '
occurring in more limited areas m
in other parts of the county. Iti r
occupies the undulating and well 1
drained uplands, and owes its!1
origin to the disintegration of e
talcose schists and slates. Its e
characteristic timber growth has ?
caused it to tie known in some
localities as 4>black-jack" land.? !
Oak, hickory, persimmon, audi
pine also formed a part of the
original timber, though most of
the land is now cleared. As is
the case with the other upland
types, the Cecil silt loam is cultivated
to cotton, corn, and to some
extent to cowpeas. I'he yield of
cotton is from one third to threefourths
of a hale, and of corn from j
8 to 15 bushels per acre, thus not
differing from the yields on the
types already described.
CKCIL KINK SANDY LOAM.
The surface soil of the Ceci 1 line s
sandy loam consists of a litrhf
gray fine sandy loam,grading into t
r pule?yet low fine sandy loan?,'f
sliph: lv more romp..ft. The r.* i
fare ?oil extends to a depth of j 3
about 1'iinetipj. Heneath thia m r
found a yellow, or yellow mottled 1
with red, subsoil,containing some ^
Rand lor a low inches : 11 its upper s
part. The whole is underlain at! (
a depth greater than .'J feet by \
talc schists or slates, together t
with a small proportion of other>
altered rocks. Quartz fragments i
and gravel usually characterize f
the soil, and veins of the same f
naterial occur in the subsoil.
In structure the soil is an internediate
type between the Cecil
andy loam and the Cecil silt
oam, though not necessarily so in
(ccurrence. It grades into each
>f these, but so gradually that an
irbitrary boundary separates
hem. Its largest distribution is
11 one coutinuous body, the cen
ral point of which ir about 1 mile
outh of Dry Creek. Much smaller
ireas are found elsewhere. The
opographic position of the soil is
imilar to that of the Cecil sandy
oam and Cecil silt loam?that is,
n the undulating or level upamis.
The drainage is almost
erfect.
The Cecil fine sandy loam has
teen formed chiefly by the weathring
of talcose schists and slates,
hough some other altered rocks
nter into its formation. The tiniter
growth consists of hickory,
ak, and pine, with gums in the
wales and depressions.
The two staple crops of the
ounty, cotton and corn, are culivated
upon this type, as well as
nwpeas, the last to a small exent.
The average yields per acre
re aB follows: Cotton, about 200
tounds of lint; corn, from 8 to 15
tushels. The soil is also adapted
o stone fruits and small grain.?
tlfalfa. it is thoueht. could ho
uccessfully grown upon it.
NORFOLK SAND.
The Norfolk sand is a coarse to
uedium gray, incoherent sand,
iverlying a yellow sand, which
;rades at 36 inches or more into a
ellow sandy clay. The sand paricles
are to a large degree roundid.
In its typical occurrence the
oil contains no quartz fragments
ind gravel, but where granite
inwlders have pushed up t hiough
he mantle of sand the product of
lecompoeed granite considerably
nodities the soil, and in these
uses gravel and angular quartz
and occur. Tins phase, however,
a very limited in extent as com
>ared with the distribution of the
vpical soil.
The areas of the Norfolk sand
ire confined to the extreme south astern
part of the county, in the
dcinity of Heath Springs and
vershaw. The type occupies the
eve I or gently undulating divides
>etween ?tream courses and is renarkahly
well drained. It is sedmentarv
in origin, the sand havn?
been laid down over the old r
formations. It occupies the
xtreine northern part of the
;reat sand belt which stretches
icross the State from the Savanlah
Hiver near Augusta to the
ntersection of the North Caroli
la line by the I'eedee river. The
,i...*..~i? ?
>in i nv/ici i^t n; uiuuri j?l<JWlIl Ih
>:ik, hickory, and long-leaf pine.
(iwing to its loose, porous sf rue
ure this soil type frequently nufera
from tin* effect of drought.
)n this account, and because of
he tendency of the soil to leach,
t is important to render the soil
nore compact and more retentive
)f moisture by giving it heavier
ipplications of manure or by
growing cowpeas more extensivey
than is necessary on the other
101I typeslhe
Norfolk sand is cultivated
o cotton, c? in, cow peas, and melius.
Wheat and oats are grown
11 small quantities Tho average
'lehls per acre, when the land is
?ar?ful!y I) a tolled, are as f? Hows :
\hout 200 poundf of lint cotton.
!<> bushels of corn, from 0 to 8 builds
(if wheat, and 10 bushels of
>nts. Cow peas and melons do
veil. The soil is admirably adapt;d
to built and early truck and
rnall fruits. Unimproved land
>f this type can be bought for $.'?
in acre and improved land for
rom $5 to $15.
MEADOW. |
As is characteristic of nearly
j all recent fluvial deposits, the \
Meadow is more or less heteroge i
neons in its uature. In its typical 1
phase it is a chocolate-brown or {
reddish tine sandy loam, becom- <
ing somewhat heavier with depth, i
It sometimes develops into a loam ^
or clay loam at a depth of 15 or 4
18 inches, while the color be- I
comes darker and the soil more j
micaceous. j
As the type is subject to over- g
flow, the water, laden with sediments,
hasstood in the sweles-and 4
depressions, and upon evapora- ]
tion has left a heavier soil than 1
that surroundingit. These places, j
however, cover only a small acre *
aje. 4
The type is subject to varia |
tions along the Catawba Kiver <
and the larger creeks, rarely ex ,
ceeding one-eighth of a mile in
width. It is subject to overflow .
once every three or four years. *
It consists of the finer particles ^
which have been washed down '
from the adjacent hilisideB and 4
reworked by the streams with the 4
sediment of the latter. This al- 4
luvium is very productive. 1
TL> Hf 1?,1 I, ? 1
i lie m?:nuu v> ipi vicvuicu i u iiic
production of corn and small {
quantities of sorghum. Corn av- d
erages from 20 to 30 bushels per jj
acre. These ''bottom lands" are |
greatly sought after, notwith- '
standing the risk of frequently J
losing a crop. Some portions com g
mand as much as $50 an acre.
WAS11INO AND OULLYING.
The Cecil clay, Cecil sandy *
loam, and, most markedly, the
Cecil gravelly loam are the soil i
types most liable to damage from
washing and gullying. As to the
first two of these, this condition I
may be attributed to the rolling |
I topography and fineness aud com- |
pactness of the toil constituents,
whereby the water from heavy
rains is not allowed to enter the a
soil except for a few inches, hut c
runs oil in rills, carrying with it
the fine soil particles in suspen H
riion. These rills start little gul- 6
lies, which, left to themselves, '
increase in Bize until they ser- '
iously affect the value of the a
land. In the case of the Cecil '
gravely loam its high position on a
i the uplands and the marked lack *
of tenacity in both soil and sub- v
soil account for the serious ero- u
sion and gullying which takes ^
place in this type.
P
With the clay soils especial attention
should be given to the r
tillage of the land. Deep plow
ling and thorough cultivation,
| whereby the compact subsoil is
' rendered more friable and its
texture more open, will largely
! prevent washing, as it tends to
1 minimize surface drainage and to
) facilitate uuderdrainage. Terracing
and contour cultivation C
.11. .. e
| snouid ne more generally practiced,
PHpecially where the Cecil
gravely loam occurs. Putting
i areas in godawill help to prevent
soils which Jhave begun to gully (
from suffering further damage.
Mulches,Ibushes, etc., placed iu I
the gullies will also check the If
I wa?hing|to a great extent. j r
Although much of the region L
'occupied bv the Cecil gravelly I
loam is beyond reclamation, a
'great deal could be done to pre- .
vent further denudations in areas
i that are still available as farming ^
land. The incorporation with the;
soil of more organic matter, by |
I B
which addition its structure
would become more tenacious, i .
would bejdecidedly beneficial.
I p
xirii'I'itirii uvtunna l_
!
Cotton and corn are the prin- 'f
tcipal crops in Lancaster County, t
J The planting of cotton begins *
I ..SPECIAL.. I
! Ten Days' Sale t
I ?? I
L For Ten Days we Offer Bargain I lun- \
P ters Some Startling Values. ?
! 2500 yards 10c Colored Lawns at 5c. *
p 1000 " 121-2 and 15c White Lawns at 10c. ^
P 2500 " 10, 12 1-2 and 15c Embroidery, pick the lot ^
> at 81-3 cents. V ^
Just received 1 bolt yard-wide Taffeta Silk, cheap at S
| 1.25, for this sale 98c the yard. f
i \Mt> \Me>ro rnrfnnafo i
WW IVVI V ' I VI IUIIUIV w
in getting two more solid cases of Hat Samples. In C
these are some worth at least $2.50. You may pick X
them at $1.25. Small lot 25c Straw Hats at 10c. X
100 pairs Tan and Patent Coh Shoes 5.00. Forbush ^
' Oxforas for men, we offer these this sale at 3.75. 24 ^
! pairs Nullifiers, worth 1.50, to close out at 75c. ^
| 10 dozen 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 Odd Pants, your choice I
K 1.25. 1.25 Pants 98c. 75c Pants 50c. Numbers of J
I Suits in broken lots at 3.50, 5.00 and 7.50, worth double m
I the money. S
i 10 yards Barker's Bleach for 83c. Only 10 yards to ?
p trie customer. ^ ^
1 Don't miss this sale if you count values. M
Yours respectfully, *
t Funderburk Comp'y. t
~v
bout tho middle of April and Cheap Rates Via Southern .
ompleted.by tho middle of May. Railway.
he seed used IS of the short" On account of the follow ing spi-cial oecutaple
Variety. The land is plow sions, the.Southerniltuilwuy will sell ticrko*
t to points named below ut extremely 1(
d from 4 to 0 inches deep, and rates, us follows :
aid ofl" with the shovel plow. To Ashville. N. C., and return Account
. j -ii i Anuuul Oeuferenco Young People's Mishe
fertilizer being drilled 1U sionarv .Movement, June 2'Jth to Jnlv Mb.
Ild bedded With a turning plow. Tickets on sale July 2Gtb. 27th ami 28th,
limited good to return until July loth,
'he rows are set from 3 to 34 feet 19o6. Kate, one fare plus twentv live cents
part. The usual fertilizer is cot- ,or ,mv>'l tup
, , To Ashville, N. 0., mid return?Account
on seed, sometimes composted of Convention Comnmroi d Law League o
pith phosphates and stable man v,n ;t 1,1 Jugnst lib. r.i G.
. , . . ItcketKon sale July 2f.th, 2Gth and 27th, *
ire, and applied at the rate OI limited good to return until August *th. (J|
5 bush els of seed and 200 pounds > *<""*""'< ?, >>??>t to September 3oth nmv
r lie obtained by depositing ticket with
if acid phosphate to the aero. Special Agent at Asliville anil payment of
I bout 2 or n bu.h.l. of soed ore iZ'"*
eqtlired to plant 1 acre, the To Knoxville, Tenn.. and return Aeeed
being usual I v sown bv hand. VoIV'!' s?'h?u>i ot the South, June
. l'Jth to July 27th, P.KC /ickets on sale
rVheti a stand is perfected the June 17th. 2lrd, 2lti^and 3'>tb an.l July
hn.ni.,B procer. follow*, .he
talks being left about G inches Sion of limit to September 3lJth may be obipart.
About four plowing suffice '^"ntand "
o keep the soil in good Condi- Kate, one fare plus twenty five cents for
, . . . . round trip,
ion. Cotton picking begins the To Lexington, Ky., and return-Account,
ast of August, and harvesting is National (.rand Lodge United brothers of
... /1L VT Friendship itinl Sinters Mysterious Ten,
jorapleted by Christmas. No | July 3oth to An?u*t 3rd ltKI6. Tickets on
iffort is made tr> select the A?K>??t 1st.
limited gcod to return until August 6th
leed from the best-developed lute, one tare plus twenty live cents for
dauts, the farmers not seeming To Memphis. Ten., and Keturn AcO
appreciate the fact that they count. International Convention Brother- f
i . ; . , hood of St. Andrew, October IWth to 21st. V
an do much in this w ay to make Ticket* on H.de October K.th to isth. limithe
crop profitable. w' return Octohor 30tli An extension
to November 3<ilh may he obtained by deThe
value of the cowpea in positing ticket with Special Agent and pay.
. , , . "'K a fee of titty cents Kate, one tare plus
flinching this soil is partially twenty live cents for round trip.
'I'll * \l ilu 1.11 L.... ... I . . -
ecognized, but Iioro attention count, Grand .\?-ri<< Priternal Order o 1
hould be Kiven tbi. or,,,, by the 'fm, J'rfunT'mK '
nnjoritv of the farmer.. Acorn- f^plS/eJZ'fo^S'iu'S """ 1
lion practice is to plant cowpeas 10 l?. c , an<i r?tnrn Ac...
. . . count, Nc^io ^oiina People's christian and r
n the corn at the last cultivation. Kdnc?t>??n.d (.m^reMH, .inly :tr?i to 8th.
rhe fodder is gathered hv hand /'"diets or. wide.lime -".uii, .inly t and
trd, limited ^oo1 to return until July 11th
roni tSi0 stalks and the corn har- ukh. An extension oriimit i? August mh /
rested, and later the cowpeas ^tttinci ?.y depositing ticket with
' r hpcciul X^eht nixl puy111 ^ >i lee of titty eta. \
iru mi t ntt rii/l on/I atorA/l !>-?- 4 '
I...VJ muinii IUI >ni?!, out- ntrfc |)IUN Iwt llly tlVc Cf-IltH for
orage. The cornstalka are left 'The lionilu ru Hmlw.iy ,H tu. best vay.
I) the field until the following Superior I UHHcriRer accomodations. Ik-st
... .. , coaches. Mont convenient tliroui'1i sloe i?pring,
when they are feathered >ng-cHr service and is-st dining oar service
ind burned. A few of the heat 111 M"' vv,,r1,1
, . . l or full pniticulurs inmuro ot an y Southarmera
in the county recognize am Kaitway Agent, or
he economy of gathering the 11 ",,nt. H rooka Morgan,
... . 1>1V las Agt.t Asst. (irii. 1'as Agt.
italka and utilizing them for Charleston, s. o. Atlanta, Oa.