Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Soil Survey of Lancaster County. c t Made by the National Depart- * ment of Agriculture- - Infor- ? mation of Great Value to the Farmers of this Coun- 1 t ty. u t The News has received advance 0 sheets ol the soil survey ol Lan- c caster county, rn?de year before last by Messrs. Root and Hurst, of the United S'ates department of agriculture. As the report of a the surveyors contains much val- e liable information, we have con- c eluded to publish some. The ro d rv/\rf io no 1 awtq f lv n mor\ u u r] f ( uui b 10 wiv tabulated statements of percent- 81 ages being omitted : Lancaster Oounty is situated in the northeastern part of the State of South Carolina, and comprises an area of 311,232 acres, or approximately 486 square a miles. The county is irregular in |j shape, and is bounded on the 0 north by the State line, on the east by Lynch Creek, on the west a by the Catawba River, and on u the south by Kershaw County. a The Catawba River extends in a d general north and south direction, c and Lynch Creek flows slightly r southeast. Lancaster, near the I center of the county, with a pop- o ulation of 2,500, is the county a seat and the largest town in the a countv. Kershaw and Heath l, Springs are the only other towns, h though there are several small H villages. The population of the t county is 24,311. a Originally Camden County in- 1 eluded Camdeu. Lancaster, and p Kershaw counties. By an act rat- r ified March 12, 1785, the Camden a district was divided into seven c counties, to he known as Claren- c don, Richland, Fairfield, Claremont, Lancaster, York and diester. v The tirst permanent settlers, i who emigrated from Rennsylvania, were of Scotch Irish descent. ( A few French were also among ( the early settlers. They met with t such poor success in the cultiva- . tion of the crops to which they ( L ik rl r? a * L i 4 ' I imu iicdii nucumuiiipu lllftt I Iiey ,| resorted to collecting and export- q ing the products of the great for- p ests which surrounded them. In f return for the necessaries of life p they sent to the mother country ^ tar. turpentine,resin, lumber,and kins. With the further settle- : ment of the up country by the descendants of those who in 1070 ( established themselves on the f seacoast of South Carolina the t culture of wheat, barley, rye, ^ corn, and tobacco became morel, success) ul, and the inhabitant! , of the Lancaster section, follow-L ing the example of Joseph Kershaw, established flouring mills. I , In 1802 there were a number ofL these in ooeration in the nnnniv ! , ? I About thin rime, however, the in- j , ternst in cotton production be- L came m> great an to divert atten- J j tion from every other crop, and ( the cere'.Is lost ground until the , low prices of cotton from 1840 to l 1850 prepared the way for agreater diversity of aerienlt n ra ! """ ; ; < industries. The small grain crop . of 1850 exceeded in yield any produced tip? to that time. Since i , then the production of the cereals ( has again declined. i Indigo was conspicuous among ( the early crops. In 1745 the Brit- j ish Parliament placed a bounty on the production of indigo in British possessions, with the result that the crop reached a i ligh development in South Car dina. Owing, however, to the heaper production in India and ilnewhere the industry was prac ically abandoned in the early >art of the nineteenth century, hough indigo was produced to a mall extent until 1848. Light frosts are encountered ti October and killing ones about he 1st of November. There is i isually a slight snowfall in winer, but it remains on the ground nly a short time. Sleet is more i ommon. The prevailing winds | re from the south and south- I test. There is some local difference I n climatic conditions within the ' rea. The sandy region in the i xtreme southeastern part or tne ounty in somewhat warmer and | rier than the country immedia. , aly north of it. It is also less j object to heavy dews and fogs. ( The growing season lasts be- ' ween seven and seven and a \ alf months. j PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GKOL' GY. 1 Lancaster County represents j n originally level plain which as undergone the erosive action f many streams to such an ex ant that its topographic features i re now very marked, being made < p of a succession of rolling hills | nd deep stream valleys. The , ivides have ? tendency to deR- , end rather abruptly to the nar- j ow flood plains of the streams. , m t.ha southeastern Dart , f the county, around Kershaw nd Heath Spring, the country ssumes a more undulating and eea rolling character, and it is tere that the heavier types of oil?the Cecil series?give way 0 the lighter and more sandy oil? the Norfolk Band. Ah the arge waterwnyB are approached the bui face becomes nore broken and precipitous, ind this rough uneavenness :haracterizes the southwestern mrner of the county. The ridges in the county have 1 north and south trend, the main vatershed being topped by the iocky River road. This divide jives rise to two separate systems >f drainage?that of Lynch Oreek >n the east and that of the Caawba River on the west. Both >f these water courses receive the Irainage of their many allluents it intervals of 3 or 4 miles. I'l I.W.. .1 i IIrnH niunr HiremiiN iiuw ^rurr? illy east and west, ami meander mm their main direction but lightly, though extremely toruoufi in detail. There is consid ruble undeveloped water power 11 these streams. Two separate physiographic livisions, of different geological ige, give rise to soili belonging j o two series, as follows: The | Uecil series, formed in situ from i inderlying rocks, and the Nor'olk sand, derived from sedimenarv deposits. By far the greater ^art of the county is made up of he former series, which occupies what is known as the Piedmont IMateau. In past geological ages his plateau represented the Foothills of the Appalachian liange. but subsequently yielded to the erosive action of water and wa? worn down to form a gently undulating plain. Upon undergoing a later upheaval the stream jourses began their work anew, ind most of this section is represented at the present time by rolling topography. The soils of this plateau aro derived from the weathering of granites gneiss, Jiorite, talc schists, and other igneous and altered rocks which late far back in geological ages. The Coastal Plain region, of much more recent date, encroch en upon the Piedmont Plateau in the southeastern part of the county, and is represented by a mantle of deep sand, composed mainly of rounded grains, which gives rise to the Norfolk sand. Outcrops of the underlyi granite make their appearance in many sections of the county, this being especially true on the soil type designated as Cecil gravelly loam. In the southwestern part of the county a very superior grade of fine grained granite is being quarried and hauled to Heath Springs for ship ment. Some mineral resources of the area are also being developed. Fhere are two gold mines in active operationWith the exception of the Nor folk sand, which is sedimentary, and the Meadow, an alluvial deposit, all of the types in the area surveyed are of residual origin, rhev are derived from the disintegration and decomposition of granites, talc schists, and other gueous and metamorphic rocks, and are characteristic soils of the Piedmont Plateau. CECIL CLAY. The prevailing soil type in the Piedmont section, and the most valuable for general farming purposes, is the Cecil clay. It consists of a reddish brown loam or clay loam to a depth of 4 to 6 inches, underlain by a sticky red clay, which becomes stiffer with depth. The underlying granite bed rock is usually encountered at from 20 to 60 feet, as shown by cuts and wells. Considerable organic matter is usually present in the upper 6 inches of soil, which in part accounts for its loamy character. Stony areas are common, but so deep and thorough has been the weatherinp that but a relatively small pro portion of the land is of this character. A churactistic of the type is the occurrence in both soil and subsoil of quartz veins which on the account of their in soluble nature have resisted weathering. Where these outcrop on the surface the quartz fragments occur broadcast and it places are an impediment to cul tivation. These areas, however, are limited in occurrence and ex tent. The Cecil clay is found in verj large bodies in the western anc southwestern parts of the are* and also occurs in lesser bodiei in other parts of the county. I is found on the rolling hills am slopes in the northern part of tin county, but to the southwari more generally confines itself t( the slopes and stream breaks. Ot account of its elevated positior the type is well drained. It ii derived principally by slow disintegration and decomnnaitinr from the older rocks, chieflj granites and gneiss, but also ii less degree from diorite, porphy nes, diabase, and other igneom and metamorphic rocks. Thesi sometimes outcrop on the surface a fact due in part to the greater durability of the rod itself, and in greater par to erosion, owing to its ele vated position in relation to tin contiguous slopes. These rock are most frequently seen alon] stream courses. The type comprises very litth timbered land, but small grove of oak, hickory, and shorties pine are to Ue seen, usually 01 the more precipitous slopes. Tin soil has a tendency to wash am gully unless care is exercised ii managing and cultivating it This feature will be discussed ii anorner pari or rne report. Owing to itn good drainagi ' | ..SPECIAL.. J 1 Ten Days' Sale $ ? | \ For Ten Days we Offer Bargain Hun- \ ^ ters Some Startling Values. ? ft 2500 yards 10c Colored Lawns at 5c. & 0 1000 " 121-2 and 15c White Lawns at 10c. 0 0 2500 " 10, 12 1-2 and 15c Embroidery, pick the lot 0 I at 8 1-3 cents. V Just received 1 bolt yard-wide Taffeta Silk, cheap at * VJ I $ We Were Fortunate $ ^ in getting two more solid cases of Hat Samples. * In C J these are some worth at least $2.50. You may pick g | them at $1.25. Small lot 25c Straw Hats at 10c. I ? 100 pairs Tan and Patent Colt Shoes 5.00. Forbush ^ v Oxfords for men, we offer these this sale at 3.75. 24 ^ \ pairs Nullifiers, worth 1.50, to close out at 75c. ^ \ 10 dozen 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 Odd Pants, your choice I C 1.25. 1.25 Pants 98c. 75c Pants 50c. Numbers of f \ Suits in broken lots at 3.50, 5.00 and 7.50, worth double a. m the money. J 2 10 yards Barker's Bleach for 83c. Only 10 yards to j J the customer. J m Don't miss this sale if you count values. 5 J Yours respectfully, ? JFunderburk Comp'y.jj The Hen Flirt. Cheap Rates Via Southern Railway. On account of the following special occaKattsan City Journal. Hious, the Southern Kailwuy will Hell ticket to points named below at extremely low Some hens are naturally oh lollowa: ' .I I? ?. 1 ,1 ??,J i;__ To Asliville. N. C., and return?Account motherly and domestic, and live Annual Conference Young People's Misrespectable, happy lives, while sionarv Movement, June 211th to July 8th. 1 , , , , . Tickets on sale July 26tb, 27th and 28th, others have not the maternal in limited good to return until July loth, stinct, gab around, disgrace them- |yu,i- ?nu l,ire P,nK t*?ntv Hve cents i , ? j- .11 . *or round trip selves and die a miserable death. To AHhviUef N. 0 , RU(, return-Account Mrs. A .A. Bennett, of Atchison, of Convention Coiuiuerci d Liw league o f , !, ,,, , . ,, . ., . \marica. Julj 3 th to dugust 4tb. I?J 6. ^ says 1 he Cilobe, has a pullet that Tickets on Kale July 2*Jh, 26th and 27th, was hatched out last July. The limited good to return until August nth. , . Extension of limit to September 3oth may i A pullet laid one setting of eggs, be obtained by depositing ticket with 1 set on them, isised the family, *P'?ih|"t Aslmlle and payment of 3 . i Hate, one tare pluH twen* started it out in the world and is ty live cents for round irip. | now setting on her second laving To Knoxville, Tenn.. and return ?Ac1 . 0, !. . . r" count, Summer School of the South, June of eggs. .She will have two fami- lOthtoJoly 27th, 13( 6. Yiokets on sale ? lies before she is a year old. An- '2"t,e,?!Tr*l 2^th and Soth ?n?l July 7th, 14ih and 15th, limited good to return other hen that lived in a North tifteeu days from date of Hale. An exten; Atchison neighborhood ... g.d dy. She flirted around the rooB- Agent and payment of fee of fifty cents. 1 _ ... ri..tn ..r... r..? ..1.1. I...A..I.. r? . , . . , . . . ?v.v? , UMV imc uiuo incuiv 11*0 LXUIN IUT terp, and when she felt a setting round trip. ' spell cominn on, she would pick To Lexington, Ky., and return-Aocount, . National (fraud J>odt{G United Brothers ot out H potato and set on that. FrieudNhip aud SiHtera MyHterioaa Ten, 1 When that potato was taken Ju,y 3;?tb U> AuKa^t ?r?l 1006 Tickets on ? r Male July 29tli and 30tu and August lnt, away and eggs put under her, limited gcod to return until August 5th 1 she would desert her nest, and twenty five cents for hunt up another potato, a stone 'I'o Memphis, Tenn., and Uetnrn? Act i i ?i_ i i ? ,. count, International Convention Brotheror any old tking that wouldn t hood of St. Andrew, October IHth to 2)st. hatch and burden her with a Tickets on a?le October 16th to 18th, limiti , , . . ed to return October 30tli. An extension family. Hens are somewhat like i tn November 30th may tie Obtained by dewomen. I positing ticket with Special Agent and payr I iiiLf a f??A nf ftftv nonlo Wo?? '???? , ?fy " > w w ??? ? ??ur ifnc 1'iun _ twenty live cents for roand trip, t To M ilwin'kec, \Vi?., and return?Acn t? * j T i ii , count, < Grand Aerie Fraternal Order of Candidates, Take Notice, v? A,r, 1 1 f>ulu II 111, lltllHIld 12tl) limited > r Under an act recently passed by the tt0*"' to return Annual 22nd. ltatc, one ' legislature. regulating primary elrctioiia hn 6 p.us $2 On for roui d trip. S in this State, it is necessary for candidates "'wLiugton, ad return?Acto file, with the Clerk of the Court of Com- umt, Negto Young People's Christian and ' rinon Pleas, a pledge provided for under C(lucutioD?l ( engross, July 3rd to 8tli. 0 said act. This pledge is in addition to the rickets on sale June 2'Jth, July 2nd and one tiled with the County Executive Coin- 3rd, limited good to return until July 11th " nnttee. 'I he Executive Committee lias fur- UM)t? An extension of limit to August llib f nishcd the Clerk of the Conit with a sup- ''< obtained hy depositing ticket with ^ ply of these pledges, in blank, and all special Agent and paying a fee ol lifty eta. ^ candidates for county offices will call on ?ale,^ one lure phis twenty five cents for p I i rji mi.I I rave their pledges with linn. V" .... I) Iteece Williams 1 he Southern Kail way is thf bast way. J County Chairmen Hnperior | Hsaetiger accomodations. Jtest Lsncaater, N. C., June 14, I?.i6. ooachea. Moat convenient through alee p11 'tig-car service and beat dining car service ??????????????????. {jjy vvorld. r?ii .. ,x rt r> P?r full particulars inquire ol any Month-. 11 Tha NPWQ Does Job rrillting ern Railway Agent, or ^ 1LC ltUIIU for Others. Why It W.Hunt, brooks Morgan, . j o o ?> o ?> o o ^'v- *'a8 Agt., Asst. (ien. l'aa Agt, & can t wo do yours? ? ( f ?m7 7 ihuritHtou, h. o. /ttiuDta, Oa.