University of South Carolina Libraries
_ F SENTINEL=JuUP. Entered April 23, 1903 at Piokons, 8. 0., as seoond olas matter, under sot of Congres of Maroh 8, 1879. VOL. XXVIUl _iiCEEN, SOUTH CAROLINA, THURIDAY LY, 211938 -0 VOTE&o rRMO Don't make a practice of doping your fowls. If the wind blows the mulch off the strawberry beds put it on again. Give the sheep only as much clover or mixed hay as they will eat up -clean. The successful stock-raiser must know how to feed, what to feed and how much. Now is the time to overhaul all the farm machinery and put it in shape for next season's work. Stop guessing and use the scales and the Babcock tester to find out what your cows are doing. The profit on a small flock well kept is certain, while that on a large flock poorly-kept is hard to find at all. It takes judgment to buy feeding stock, as many a man has discovered after he has gotten a lot of feeders that won't fatten. Sprinkle the dusty hay with water before Teeding to the horse. The dust is very bad for his lungs and the lungs are a vital part of the horlse. You can't make a good furrow in life while' the temper is ruffled. Smooth out the kinks, got good nature I and then at the work like a man. The barn ought to be handy to the house. Think of the amount of walk iug you do in the course of a year wlien the barn lies a quarter to half a mHe from the house. Extra good butter always commands, a few cents more a pound than the regular market price, but poor butter Is ~always at the bottom. Which '96de are you marketing? 'Many a man who uses a whip in breaking the colt needs to apply the whip to himself rather than to the colt. lie who cannot control his own temper capnot hope to gain control over the unbroken colt. When a horse is working he needs enough febd to supply the energy do. - manded of him plus the necessary amount to keep him in good condi tion. When he is idle he only needs sufficient feed to keep him in fair con dition. Next to a good laying strain, the best to start with is a healthy flock of birds. Good healthy breeding stock * -will produce with good, strong consti tutions, birds that will not be liable to disease, and these are the fowls we 'want to. put -into our pens both for eggs and breeding. Share your good thoughts with others. When you discover a good point in reference to farming methods let your neighbor in on the good thing. You will find if you do that he will in turn be letting go some good pointer that will help you. Too bad there is not more interchange of thoughts - tnong our farmers. .. One full feed of hay a day is enough for the horse, thinks a Canadian vet, erinarlan, who reasons that because a horse in the work season only gets one full feed of hay,per day it should be so in Winter, when the practice too ofteh Is to allow the horse to stand and munch hay all day. The horse to be healthy should have Its stomach empty two or three. hours before the next meal is givens him. Oats make a good teed for any of the farm animals,-especially, of course, the 4rlying and Wrork herses, Dozit be stingy when feeding oats to calves or colts. Some claim that crushed oats are better to feed than the whole. They may be for hogs or dairy cows when oats are made only a part of the ration, but for horses, colts and calves feed them without crushing, and feed good oats. In the absence of oats, barley makes fine feed for colts or pigs. Here is the way one of our success ful dairymen figures out the advant age of rearing his own cows. He says a really good cow is worth from $60 to $60 in almost any dairying section and at almost any time of the year. In his opinion we can grow a heifer up to the time she is two years old for $40 and then she wilt pay her way until she Is worth $50 or more, pro viding, of course, nothing befalls her. We have the thing we want reared under our own eyes, and better for ill practical purposes than anything that we could buy for more money. The convenience of having the eow we want at hand without having te look for her is important, IMBEDDING WIRES. Waxing the Wires with a Brush ano Spoon Combined. When full sheets of foundation are uised in wired frames it is always de siable to put the frames in use soon after the imbedding is done, or the wires are likely to cleave away from the sheet of foundation, and this is especially likely to occur when such frames of foundation are hauled to outyards. As the spur wire-imbedder -comes so near to cutting the sheet of founda tion in two, we have, in the past, found it better to use the old 'Easter day iocker wire-imbedder to avoid oc casional trouble from the sheets breaking or pulling apart where the imbedding had been done. Now we find it safe to use the spur imbedder, and the sheet of foundation will never pull apart at the wires. It is now our practice to wax the wires in place after imbedding them into the sheet of foundation. This in Via Fioa2 Brush and. Spoon Waxer. sures that they will stay inbedded, whether used this year or next; aids in preventing sagging along the wires, making that line (usually the weak est) the strongest place in the sheet of fouidation. Frames with sheets of foundation so prepared are espe cially good for hauling to outyards and over bad roads. Our older methods of waxing the wires in place were faulty. With a brush the brush would not carry enough wax; with a sharpnosed tin spoon with a small notch in the end it was difficult to follow the wire and to- regulate the flow of wax. During the spring of 1906, writes E. F. At water in Bee Culture, Mr. H. Ei. Crow ther and myself originated the plan of combining the spoon and brush, as iil lustrated herewith. The sheet of foundation, with wires imbedded, should be supported on a slant,' then with the combined spoon and brush it is an easy matter to wax the wires in place; easy to follow the wires; easy to regulate the flow of wax, and the spoon easily carries enough wax to finish one or more wires without Btopping to dip again. Don't imagine that an exceedingly light coating of wax is required, neither should it be used lavishly. This little tool is easily made, and should be on the -list of supplies. Per haps the brush can be combined with waxtube, though we prefer the point ed spoon as shown. Fig. 1 shows the complete spoon and brush combined, ready for use. Fig 2 shows the parts-.-the brush and the spoon. The spoon without the brush is the simplest tool to use when we want to attach eith~er starters or full sheets of foundation to plain top-bars IL is Onderdonk spoon," as describe( in the American Bee Journal yeari ago. It is also perhaps the best -too to use when we fill sections witi foundation fastened on three or foui sides-a plan that I discarded aftei years of trial and experiment. CLEAN WATER VESSELS. Do Not Contaminate Flock by Un clean Dishes. Water troughs or fountains tha can easily be cleaned are the onl kind that should be used in the poul try yard. Wooden troughs often be come slimy, especially in warm weath er, though the Water in them appear clear and clean. A broom and soapsuds should b< used on such troughs, afterwardi rinsing thoroughly in clean water. IL this task is attended to once a week and the receptacles filled with fresl water every morning, the hens wil be amply supplied with all the freal water they need, if it is kept out oi the sun. It ducks are kept, wooden trougho will be found the most convenient and in using these slats of lath shouk be nailed across the top to prevent thf ducks wallowing in the water, render ing it filthy and a creating a sloppy muddy place in the yard. To Get Eggs. Among other things, it takes lime protein and fat-producing materiah to produce eggs and keep the hens ir flesh. It Is estimatetd that a bushel of corn will feed 160 hens one day but it contains only lime and. proteir enough to make 32 eggs, while it ba fat-forming elements enough for twc days' feed for 160 hens. This shows the necessity of having a variety o feed In which there is more lime anc protein. Is it any wonder hens- d( not lay in the winter wh'en they an fed nothing but corn? Be Regular. Because sheop are easily -cared to do not neglect to salt and water ther regularly. This is an absoluto nece: sity if you wish to keep the flock f the most healthv condition. SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE HILL LAND AND THE DAIRY. Hills Too Steep to Cultivate Shouli Be Turned into Graz;ng Grounds. In the south today there are man: hills being plowed that should be ii grass. It is reported that an old negro advertised bottom lanffor sale; anc when the would-be buyer called ti look at the land he found nothin! but hill land'from which all the sol had been wished off. He was indig nait and exclaimed: "You advertise< bottom land!" "Yas, sah," replied the agedf negro "it shuah am. De top's all done gone and dat leaves just do bottom land. There are many thousands of acre of that kind of bottom land on south ern hills, and there will, be man: thousands more If radical dhanges I, farm practicos are not inaugurated B1y gradually plowing deeper whill gradually filling the soil with vege table matter through the' use of ani mal nmandiro and the turning undle of soil-inproving crops, some of the washing could be preveuled. 0: course, terracing and hills 'e ditch lng should be done in a large numbe: of cases, so as to -carry, the watei down gradeally and keep it fron rushing down and carrying the sol with it. But~ even if all these thingi were done-and they are not one time in twenty when they are needed many lills would still be worth more in pasture than in cultivated crops Cultivated crops might do well for short A'hne, but the heavy southerr -rains would gradually carry off th4 best part of the land, till only the old negro's kind of bott'om land remained Then very poor cultivated crops could be got; and the pasture that could be got from the land in that condi tion would be so poor that a dair3 cow would travel over so much land trying to get enough to eat that sh( could not give much milk, Southern farming is suffering frnor many drawbacks, but from none mor< than from poor pastures in a sectior that would grow luxuriant pasturagt a large part of the year if the righi pasture grasses were used-that is grasses suited to the sell of the farm to the climate, and to the shade o1 sunshine where the grasses wer ti grow. A good pasture on hill land, whethe I wooded or free from timber, will b good for one who has anything t pasture; but the dairyman will b one especially who can use such lan so as to get good returns from I Small patches of land that requir one-third of the time spent in th field to be used in turning and the also have much waste land along th borders of the small fields can not b used for cultivated crops with muc advantage. Southern farmers mu manage in a way that bhows they al preciate the fact that labor is expel sive and must be used so as to brin good returns for .the time spent. Thl is impossible in small patches. L1 bor also costs too much to use it I cultivating poor land. Large blocli of land that are fertile is whex money is made easily. Cabbage, Onions and Peas. Put out the cabbage plants, so yo can have fine fresh cabbage, har headed ones, early next spring. Ther is no secret about putting them ou Only, leave the land rich, and we prepared. Have your rows (for earl varieties) two and a half feet apar Drill in the rows about 800 pound per acre of a mixture of 8 per cer phosphoric acid and 8 per cent potasl no ammonia. Bed with two furrow and set the plants from 15 to I inches apart on the north side of 11 ridge, near the bottom of the ridge say two-thirds of the way down tU ridge. The ridge protects the plan from the cold winds, and being on t1 north side they do not start to groi i lng so readUy during warm days be killed by the later cold. Then there are onion sets that ca be put out now, and toward the lai of the month marrow-fat peas can I sowed. There are many. things th: can be done in the garden this mon1 that will add to the comfort of t family next spring. - Cause of Milk Fever. . One of- the most general caiuses 1. milk fever which attacks cows fr< a 6 to 48 hours after calving is t Carelessness of many farmers a dairymeu. in milking the cow's udt out clean just before or after calvii which allows the glands of the udd to flop together, which irritates t glands and causes the fever. Natu places an abundance of milk in t: udder at this time for the above pI pose, and only a part of it should I drawn at once, repeating It frequej ly, as the milk serves to keep tl udder distended and full, and ac like tho air treatment does.-Cc Practical Farmer. This is the month to plan for nc: year's crops, unless you have alrea done so. In your planning be sure 1 provide for enough feed for home co: sumption before laying out for t: cotton and other so-called monc crops. With corn close to 90 cents ar oats nsarly 70 cents per bushel, ar hay in proportion, it is time for ti southern farmers to grow these crol in -abundance. If your fall-sown oal are likely to be a failure, or if th acreage was not large ono-igh, pr, pare land now to sow sp lag oat Whatever you do, or~ don't do, 1 sure that you plant only good ee -''hi.t faot should be emphasized all tU time. The reason tha-t the world away behind in many plants is b) cause there is little or no care exe cised in the selection of seeds. The .sailds of cortton raisers make no effor to save the best seed for plantin just as if they thought that any so Iof old seed wouild produce a-s goi stuff as those that~ are particularl noted for productiveness. The Journal Wants peace betwee the landlord and the tenant as ind viduals, so long as there must be lan lords and tenants. But If meting oi tustice to all men should cripple ti privaite -interests of any one, by a moans sacrifice the personal frien ship of such a one rather than hi der the course of justice, in oths words, if he won't be your friend u less you meekly consent to suffer I: Justice, let him be your enemy. Sut a friend should be spurned.-Farmer Journal. The Philosopher of Folly. "Ideal husbands," says the Philos phor of Folly, "are not nocessarily pc sessed of same tastes and instinci Now I know two men who dutiful and cheerfully accompany their wiyv to all Wagner operas and sympho, concerts. One is a music lover. Tl other in stne daf." r "0 FARMERS' EDUCATIONAL AND e CO-OPERATIVE UNION ~ F AMERICA a(112 The very busy man is generally the i very happy one. - Let no day pass without preaching the gospel of good cheer. g Make another New Year swear, and let it be that you will know what n it going on at the school house. e The busy hen has not yet heard of the low price of cotton nor of the financial Burry. Go to the hen and be wise. While you are not too lazy, get out and fix up those flower beds for the girls. You won't have time a little later on. The forthcoming ensue will cost t the people $14,000,000, and will be - s worth-well, mighty little to the aveV age man. Life I too short to spend a day .8 without doing some good deed that e has helped some struggler to make a - better Union man. a Let the watchword for this year be:4 ke "Better packing and more ware r. houses for cotton; and unto thi's add ,o large diversifloation." .n Ask 'the prosperous farmer how It A was done, and nine times out of ten >e he will tell you that it was through tdiversification.-Terrell Transcript. .h le I The late flurry has not hurt any legitimate and sound business; the farms are making as much stuff as ever, and it tastes as good as it used of to. he The good Union man who has not an split-log drag already has a good li nized sapling picked out to make one the very first rainy day that comes eg along. h3, Take plenty of the cheap newspa re pers that are now offered to the pub o lic. This is a time when "cheap" re. fers -to the price only; be sure you get JO the quality. it 1e Poultry and prosperity; peanuts and ts prosperity; pigs and prosperity; and. r. so the story goes along through the whole gamut of the man who Is push ing and persevering. (t y Philosophl zing is a very good thing o for one who has nothing else to do, . but we will give a great deal to find 0 a man who has not a big lot of things' that need doing that h.. ie been left d over from last week. d The carloads of turkeys that are go Ing out of Texas for the Fistern mar kets is another evidence that the good' seed of the Union is taking hold and bearing fruit that will be the relief from the cotton fiend. Of course there are a lot of poll' ticlans inside ofteUnionwhwod be glad to run the whole thing In as their own Interests. That is a mighty, g ood signi that the thing is worth run rning. Stick to the Union and weed. out this sort of fellows as fast'as they bob up; that's the way to do bus! ness. d Has your Union ever talked of a yneighborahood cannery? Not one of ~those great big thinig that it takes an army to run and a bankc to siitain, n but a little quiet sort of a place *here 1- you and a few df your neighbors can -take care of .the anplus frNM bn your place flor future home use and -a little to sell to the fe1lows 'you' now over. 0e In town. Talk it up It is a good 11 thing. a- This is an. election year, but it 1s ir decided by all the prophete that pigsy a. poultry, peanuts and prosperity are u. keeping step to the marchi of prog. :hres, and that all Union men are put, s' ting lots of stress on the diversifl. cation idea. i The reason for the cheapness of cotton is found in the unpaid labor of Swomen and children who put In from Stwelve to sixteen hours a day raising '- the stuff. Figured at the price which - y labor ought to bring, the cotton~ crop 8 is a money-losing game. froid start to, iy finish at anything like the price l6