The gamecock. (Columbia, S.C.) 1908-2006, August 07, 1986, Page 3A, Image 3
* Digging it
USC archeolo
t
By i\JWY DELPO
News editor
USC archcology professor Michael Allen Hoffman
first went to the der.ert in smithcm
_ _
1969 to dig up what was thought to be another old
Egyptian city.
Almost 17 years later, the research professor for
USC's Earth Sciences and Resource Institute has led
an expedition that proves the site contains the oldest
Egyptian temple ever found.
Hoffman said he still feels emotion over what he
calls a "once in every generation" discovery.
"It's nice," he said of the discovery. "We don't
excavate for treasure; we excavate for knowledge.
I'm very proud to be a part of this.
"We were convinced that we were unravelling the
origins of Egyptian civilization."
_ Hoffman was director of the expedition that
W began work in November 1985. Though the expedition
ended in February, he said he waited to announce
the discovery until he checked his research
to make sure it was accurate.
Hoffman said the discovery is especially important
because the temple is the only one discovered
that was built before the pharaohs ruled Egypt.
"It is from the predynastic period," Hoffman
said. "It predates the oldest known temple, and is
the forerunner of more sophisticated temples."
The predynastic period is the late farming period
in Egyptian history ? 1,000 years before the first
pharaohs.
The temple was discovered in the ancient city of
^ Hierakonpolis, about 400 miles from Cairo. "It was
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gist finds Egypt's oi
the capital of the kinKdom of southern Fount "
Hoffman said. "Between 3800 and 3100 B.C., it
was one of the most powerful sites in Egypt."
The discovery of the temple provides important
facts about the economy, subsistance patterns,
trade and religion in ancient Egypt.
He said it will help give a broad overview of ancient
Egypt.
Exploration on the site hasn't always been so successful.
"There were a series of brief excavations
between 1905 and 1935," Hoffman said. "They
didn't accomplish very much."
Expeditions ceased for many years because it was
widely thought that everything of value had already
been found.
The site was re-opened in 1967 because Professor
Walter Fairservis of Vassar College believed that
more could be found using modern techniques.
"Most of the people who had worked on the site
before weren't capable of finding prehistoric
buildings," Hoffman said.
The team working at the site used a threedimensional
recording technique to draw conclusions
about the temple and the rest of the city.
"We map artifacts, architecture and anything else .
we find with reference to a grid system," Hoffman
exnlaincH "Thpn moimrn r *L"
?, " V mvnouii. lilt ucpill 1ICIIII ine
surface."
"We also use environmental techniques. We
recover not only the cultural remains but animal
and plant remains as well," Hoffman said.
They then count and weigh all of the artifacts.
Hoffman will be returning to Hierakonpolis, but
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LD THE ADVENTURE.
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'dest known temple
not to dig. He will be examining the artifacts that fro
have already been found. US
The excavation was funded in part by a grant sai(
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Michael Hoffman displays some of the artifacts and books that I
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