Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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'Jem g? VOL LIV WINNSBORO. S, C., WEDNESDAY. AUGUST 23, 1899. NO. 2 | 1 ' " 1 ' ' i l ? ??- wht/iiht*, . ir i attt TTTTTTTlTlT?T\ WHEAT GROWERS. 9 Will Meet Again Next Year at the Same Place. L SENATOR TILLMAN SPEAKS. Permanent Organization EffectEd. The Attendance Not Very W Large. But There Was Much Interest. The Wheat Growers Convention met Bp in Greenwood on Tuesday of last week gr and was called to order by Mr. S. H. ^ McGee, editor of the Index. Con gressman A. u. .Latimer was maae perBK. manent chairman and the convention jgalL declared ready for business. All presB ent were considered members of the HHk convention. The feature of the conHivention was an address by Mr. C. H. SHHPJourdain of Georgia, which is published V elsewhere. It was resolved to make the organization a permanent one. Bp It was resolved that the organization be named "The Wheat Growers' Assail ciation of South Carolina;" that the w next meeting be held at Greenwood on August iotn, lyuu at z:6V o ciock i p. m. That the officers of the association be a president, vice president, a secretary and an executive committee, consisting of the president of the assoeia tion and one member from each congressioaai district, whose duty it shall be to nime the places and times of meetings. That the discussions of the association be strictly confined to wheat growing and diversified farming. That all persons interested in the success of the agricultural interests of the State be required to attend the meetings of the association and that each county be hereby requested to appoint double as many delegates as they are entitled to representation in both houses of the general assembly. That a meeting at each*county seat in the State is hereby called for the first Monday in August, 1900, for the purpose of electing delegates to the nest annual meetiog of the association and that the members of this committee are authorized to arrange for same. That Messrs. A. C. Latimer and S. H. McGee be appointed to arrange for the next meeting of the association as relates to discussion, etc. That, thp fhanks nf the association be extended to the press of the State for bringing the association to a successful organization. The speaking Wednesday morning was held in the grove surrounding the court house. Senator Waller presided, and the first speaker was Congressman L Latimer, who devoted the opening of his speech to a discussion of the necessity for the diversification of crops, fc He told of Secretary Wilson's interest in the growing of grasses and the pracL ticability of this industry in connection I with cattle growing in this State. Secmfr retary Wilson had told the South CaroBK lina farmers that he would upon appli -?fo+irm won fnr flrassps lO be USed in reclaiming worn out lands. > Mr. Latimer then took up rural mail ? delivery and the attendant benefits to L the farmers. Ten deliveries had been W established in this district. He explained fully the working aEd plan of the rural delivery system. Branching off to subjects political, Mr. Latimer discussed the monopoly question, paying particular attention to ill the proposed subsidy 01 snips wmcn ue opposed vehemently. His conclusion of the monopoly issue was that the farmers must also combine. The Philippine war was denounced as contrary to the principles of our government. Mr. Latimer raked the administration's policy most vigorously, and his line of thought was well received by the crowd, who interjected occasional applause. Senator Tillman was introduced as the "head-centre" of the farmers' movement. The senior senator was brought forward "unmuzzled to graze upon whatever topic he may choose." Senator Tillman started with a pleasant reference to Greenwood county, whose mother was Abbeville and father Edgefield. "Xo county," said he, "has a better pedigree." He told of the fight for Greenwood county and referred pleasantly to the town of Greenwood and its growth. He paid a compliment to Greenwood's citizenship, but he took up the whitecapping which makes people afraid to sleep at night within five miles of the CUUill iiUUSC. J- U1.1 JLH, MUUVVAUVV- . terly. He told of the Phoenix riot ana said he didn't blame the white people then. "If ? had been here I would t** have gone with you. I have never yet faiied to uphold the banner of white supremacy against the devil, the world and the Radicals." The Tolberts he denounced, but the r election riots are over and inoffensive negroes should be let alone and be given protection. If you want to uproot the snake and kill it, go and kill the Tolberts (cheers). But don't bother poor negroes who have nothing to do with the Tolberts. Don't abuse the poor Wont rlAvils The rar.ft nroblem is coming to the front in the United States. This Jewett woman has come to Charleston and taken the Baker family to Boston, the centre of deviltry. By allowing the thoughtless, lawless men to whip the negroes, you give ammunition to your enemies in the North. This anarchy will spread to Edgefield and Abbeville. You are masters, and while we must make the negroes let our politics and women alone, but they must not be beaten and abused. If this thing continues, you will be % deprived of labor by an exodus of ne groes and moreover capital will be driven off. You must make the negro respect you and keep his place, but you cannot affori to -whip and kill negroes in this cowardly way. At present the Yankees are disposed to let us alone except to cuc dov. ^ our representation because we've disfranchised the negfa groes, but such affairs will give them k, a chance to interpose federal authority. ^ I beg you, I plead with you to rise as one man and put down this devilment, (Loud cheers.) Some one may say. "You'll lose votes." I don't care if I do. I don't want your votes if you are such cowards as to uphold this lawlessness. Senator Tillman then took up the subject of fanners' institutes and the benefits to be derived if the farmers will take the proper interest in them. In the North the institutes have proved very successful by the cooperation of the farmers and the farmers' wives. The senator said what the farmer needs is to raise his living at home. Yesterday he had listened to the wheat growers,'but fool as he was he had a better remedy aarainst weavils than any of them. It is to grind as soon as you gather it. He gave the farmers some advice as to cultivating their crops and told of the great things tobacco had done for Darlington and the other eastern counties. His own experience in tobacco raising and its failure was humorously told. He thought there was land around Greenwood that would grow tolacco and urged the farmers to j try it. His experience, "that of a failure and fool," was that there is nothing for our farmers in experiments with Asia grasses, because Asia is an arid climate. As Senator Tillan was about to sit down, a bystander asked him about his Sumter reference to the prohibitionists and the dispensary. In reply the senator said he went to> Sumter at the invitation of all factions and in his morning speech mentioned only national issues. After dinner Mr. E. D. Smith made a speech in which he endeavored ''to rub the but ter off ray back." My friend X. G. says in pursuing a polif.T of coT;oiliatioa my course is to eiw ti.om soft talk and sugar. Well, I've given them enough vitriol in the I a-st aud ought to be allowed to say something nice now. Smith attacked Clemson, Winthrop. etc., and said that Tillman when governor laia great burdens on our people and I want him to come back here and remove thoss burdens. It was the first time I've been asked in the open to acknowledge that I'm a damn rascal and daD:n -fool both. Smith rubbed o? all the butter and I in reply discussed the . 1 J questions ne raised. I did not say tbe prohibitionists are cowards and hypocrites. I did say that prohibition would make cowards and hypocrites of ou: people. Some of the prohibitionists are cowards and hypocrites. Featherstone rushed into print and abused me, saying I was born with abuse and couldn't do without it. I'll leave him and Gonzales to settle it. I have no policy of either sort. The man who comcs at me like a gentleman I'll meet him that way but if he comes at me with abuse I've got as good a vocabulary of hard words as any one. Jde said. prointatxon would make men get physicians' certificates, etc. Prohibition dou't prohibit. You've got prohibition in Greenwood ana I can buy liquor here today and you've got the constables to help en force it. He said there was no use to talk about the dispensary as it was here to stick. He was told there was not a tiger in Sumter, where the constables were once rotten-egged. What he said ' n xT??. T? j;J at oumter was xirdt ue uiu nut ueueve prohibition could be enforced and that he took the Athens plan and put it in the prohibition law. It has proven to be a better law than prohibition. He claimed no credit, except to enforce the law on the statute books. The dispensary law is better than prohibition, so far as results go. Tne only fight in State politics in his opinion would be on the liqaor question. He would fight for the dispensary and go down with it if it must go down, lamng aDout Jir. juatinters speech he said the factory operatives were as good people as any and although the factory officers tried to vote the operatives agaiast him but they could not do so. Mr. Latimer said all he argued was that the operatives might be misled because of the lack of organization. Tillman said this was so as the operatives mightjbe misled to support the Hanna-Payne measure and the like on the representation that it would do them good. The senator defended the dispensary and said he would fight for it and go down with it. Taking up the Philippine question, he scored McKinley and "benevolentassirnulation." He had not asked the president to give him any appointments in thft armv for he felt it was a villain ous war and no decent man ought to engage in it. Senator Tillman said he thr.nked the gentleman who asked him about the Sumter speech. He didn't mean to inject anything unpleasant but he wished to deny a misstatement. My two good friends3 J. C. Hemphill and X. G. Gonzales, have recently in their editorial columns entered into a compact to ignore me. The State and News and Courier-have been my best friends. They have told what I said and the people took it for what it was worth and it did me good. They gave Fealberstone a column and didn't give me space to tell what I really did say. The News and Courier did give me a line or so, but The State didn't. Senator Tillman's speech closed the mornin>r exercises and in the afternoon the farmers' institute was held. A Nurse's Horrible Deeds. Parties from Leon countv. Fla.. tell of the horrible deeds of Carrie Simpson, on the plantation of Lucius B. llainey. Carrie was nursing a baby boy for her aunt. Recently she sawed off his ears . with a dull knifu and otherwise mutilated portions of the body. When questioned about the matter she said that dogs had found the child asleep and chewed off its ears and one do? was killed for mut:lationof the child. Only a few days since she deliberately covered the child with ashes, left in the fire place, which were mixed with live coals, and took a seat on the doorstep, where she could hear the screams of the roasting child, and when they ceased she ran screaming to a nearby field aud told the mother tl^t_ the neighbor's bov had burned the child to death. No legal steps have been taken to have the nurse punished. Foolish y-<?roes. The National Afro-American council of the Uaited States met at Bethel church Chicago Wednesday in convention. One of the most important matters to be presented will be a proposition for a new federal statute to make the participation in any mob for the purpose of lynching a capital offense ana to give the United States authorities the right to interfere in any State or territory where a mob assembles for the purpose of lynching any person. GOOD ADVICE A Speech that Every Farmei Should Read and Study. THE ROAD TO PROSPERITY Mr. C. H. Jordan, a Distinguishec Georgia Farmer, Deliversan Instructive and Interest ing Address. The following is the speech of Mr. C. H. Jordan, of Georgia, before th< Wheat Growers' Convention: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentle men: There is no occasion ?rhich is tc me more enjoyable and no complimenl which 1 esteem more highly than the -rvritnlotr? nf tnlVintr t,n tllf farmers of my country. In the discus sion of those problems, the solution o which is essential to prosperity in ou future farm work, a subject is presented in which we are now most vitally in terested. Conditions which did not suggest themselves a decade ago are becoming serious and formidable at the present time. While personally a stranger to the most of you I feel that my own interests are identical with yours and that we are all engaged in a common cause. In advocating a revolution in oui farming methods I shall not suggest the adoption of anything which has not heretofore been successfully undertaken, and will give no advice which is not capable of practical application. It is quite apparent to any casual observer that our system of doing business is decidedly contrary to that which existed during the days of our greatest prosperity and consequent independence. There was a time, not so far back in the past when the farmers of the South supplied the population of the towns and cities with the necessaries of life from the varied products of their farms. At the present time a large majority of our farming classes are helplessly deDendent UDon the merchants for supplies not only for themselves, but for their stock as well. The heavy staple supplies which the merchants handle are grown in the far West and the proceeds of the cotton crop of the South, which should represent the surplus money crop of the farm, is paid out to the farmers of the West. We are enriching not only these producers, but the railroads, wholesale and retail deaiers through whoso hands these goods must pass before reaching us, and who charge a full commission all along the line. The crop out of which we are expected n ii ; lj to pay ror mese supplies is soiu m a ugure below the cost of production, and there can be but one result to us from the continuance of such a system of doing business. A GREAT AGRICULTURAL STATE. The great State of South Carolina possesses as great a degree of diversified resources as any State in the Union. There is not a farm in your State which cannot by a proper method of diversified planting. uDder an intensive system of culture, he made self-supporting. The farmers of your State must realize that every pound of supplies which they purchase in the open markets is produced by other farmers in distant sections of the country who labor under greater difficulties than those with which we have to contend. When Southern farms were self-sus taining open acccounts were the only evidences of indebtedness, and a farmer's word was as good as gold, Sharp, shrewd business men of the world saw that there were fortunes to be made out of the cotton crop if the farmer could be induced to produce it in large quantities. The Western people saw an opportunity for building granaries and packing houses to supply the South with food if we could be induced to turn Dur attention entirely to growing cotton. The big railroad magnates saw a' grand opportunity to increase dividends, multiply their rolling stock and otherwise fatfpn on t.Vie freights to be obtained bv transporting heavy and costly supplies from the West for the Southern cotton grower during the spring and summer. In the fall million: of cotton bales would be turned o :tr to them for carriage to the seaports or Northern markets, and a second whack had at the great southermnaustry. The stock raisers of Kentucky and Tennessee were pleased at the bright prospect of supplying for th: future that beatiful Southland, where all that was needed to make a man rich was a piece of land planted in cotton, with a Negro and a Kentucky mule to plough it. Guano manufacturers saw at once that plant foods in enormous quantities would have to be supplied to keep up the fertility of the cleanly cultivated fields, and that the investment would be a good one. Cotton expositions were held all over the country and the white staple crowned king. It has taken twenty years to whip tVin ficrht Imt inf-pnsft creed of the ~ O world has done the work, and to-day the old king lies half dead in -he ditch, while broken and disappointed mourners gaze upon the long trail of a disappointed past. While the farmer has lost in the struggle the country at large has developed and increased its wealth steadily each year. I have no criticism to make of the farmer for so largely producing cotton, even with the costly use of commercial fertilizers, when the business was a lucrative one. But we face conditions today which are serious and which make impossible the future wholesale production of cotton as a means of de velophg future prosperity. la tne rich, alluvial lands of the Southwest, in which are embraced the valleys of the Mississippi, the extensive plains of Texas and Southern Oklahoma, cotton is being grown on an average of one bale peracr*, withoot the use of fertilizers. The farmers of your own State after using annually hundreds of thousands of tons.of fertilizers, can barely average half bale per aere. With these heavy odds against us and competition annually increasing in the Southwest, we will be forced to change cur present system of farming. The solution of the problem by which we are to-day confronted must be largely determined by the efforts of each individual who is directly engaged in the production of cotton?and who, by rea son of a full appreciation of his needs and condition, realizes that he is an important factor in breaking the bondage ufider which he r rests, that the freedom and independence of his business maybe once more established, placing him on that high plane of prosperity which was made so UUiiapiUUUUa ILL tiiC Cailjr uajo wx vv.* fathers. Fill your granaries and smoke houses with the products of your farms, stock J your pastures with cattle, sheep and hogs. Diversify your interest and prepare to go into the markets of your country with a dozen staple products where you now only attempt one. Cut down your cotton acreage and diversify the crops planted. We can gradually get into the supply business, and raise > enough cotton besides to meet the demands of the world, and the price for which it is sold will be a profit in our > business. Every farmer who has heretofore operated his affairs entirely on the credit system mu3t make a strenuous effort to use more cash in his business for what he is forced to buy and raise everything at home which his land will produce. LARGER ACREAGE IN WHEAT TIIIS FALL. I am satisfied that a larger acreage in wheat will be planted in the South during the coming fall than for manyyeara past. We'need shrewd business men on the farm as well as in other depart1 meats of life. Broad, liberal thoughts ' find birth in higher education. The I A?lr? /v/w^ViirvA I laiuiera win uuij wiui/iuir IUCXI wuxmon interests when confidence in the ; business ability of each has been gain" ed. Unity among the fanners is one of the greatest needs of the present day. ' A careful, thoughtful study of the re[ sources of the country will open up a system of diversified farming, which will bring profit and pleasure to the ag' riculturist. Every farmer should have a thorough knowledge of commercial paper and understand some system of keeping books. At the beginning of each year a detailed account of what he owns should be taken down, represent! * . .1 a' , ? _ _ J ing tiis capital invested, An ncmizea account of every dollar expended, whether cash or credit, should be carefully entered. The cost of labor em' ployed and the materials used in the production of the various cnp3 should be specially accounted. At the end of the year his books will show the profits or loss of the business. Wherever errors existed in the management, the defects could be readily found and remedies applied. The boys growing up on the farms will catch the inspiration of i j.: ? j j i : ? aysusuidin; iujuliuus duu uus-ucoa waming, which they will be able to utilize with profit to their own advantage in fature years. farmers' institutes. I appreciate the fact that the day of schooling, as we ordinarily use the term, for the aduitfarmer has passed: that the only hope for the present and future cultivation of his mental faculties and the betterment of his material prosperity must lie in the local organization of farmers' institutes. The farmers' institute is without cost to its membership. I want to give my aid and encouragement to their establishment in every county in the South as rapidly as possible. If you have no institute in your State organize and begin the battle for greater success and prosperity in your farming methods. In these institutes the interchange of ideas experience meetings, discussing and adopting the most successful plans per taining to our business would meet and overcome many serious obstacles, which retard as stumbling blocks, our future pathway. iWhat the farmer needs most of all at this time is encouragement and aid in the solution of such problems as will help him in his life work and the building of a future filled with contentment, happiness and prosperity. Organize and attend your institutes, with a full appreciation of your needs and surroundings. H 1% A?./V T? A TT?ll A llAtTA JLUCiC aic uu nuy uav& ucuugi opportunities for self-education than the farmer, and he should be quick to take advantage of the circumstances which place this highly desirable feature of his avocation within his reach. That farmer whose business is operated on a self-sustainingbasis, who exercises intelligence, forechought and correct methods in the conduct of his affairs, fears no panic. The tightening of the money market, the crash of falling business houses in the great cities, reach his ears only through the medium of the heavy headlines of his newspaper. He is happy, peaceful and contented, and only responsible to his Maker. NOTTIIERN* LOAN COMPANIES. But what of the farmer whose home in *v> in fViA IAOA AAm. lo iliUl xli ivau vvm^ panies whose stock and erop furnish collateral for the purchase of supplies? When the stringency comes the crop fails to settle the obligations; the loans fall due, an extension is asked and refused. The iron grip of the law is evoked; the property is advertised for sale and knocked down to the highest bidder. The wife is torn from a home which she has long learned to love; the little children are forced from the cherrvl o Trrmm-Y n/3 o n ^ o r? ntliot VinorfKrA. XOJU^VL ^lUUUU ?uu auyvuvA U^UlUk/lU ken farmer is added to the long and rapidly swelling lists of tenants, while one more Sourthern home passes into Northern control. This picture is not drawn from fancy; its realism is too often heralded as one of the misfortunes of our present farming system. The solution of the race problem is a matter in whicn the farmers of our country are more largely interested than anyone else. The field of most serious troubles is in the rural districts. WHEAT ON EVERY FARM. We have assembled here for a high and noble purpose, one worthy and fitting the honorable avocation in which we are engaged. We are here to discuss plans for the material betterment of the farmers' condition in South Car olina and to express our determination before the world that the future planting and growing of wheat will be conspicuous on every farm in the State. The reform movement is taking possession of your people in earnest, and a revolution in our farming methods is sending the pleasing sunlight of its advance into the mind and heart of every farmer. For years there has been great rivalry a-nong the transportation lines from the West, soliciting heavy freight for shipment into our Southern country. Wheat, or its manufactured products, flour and brand have largely figured in the heavy tonage of freights daily de livered to your wholesale merchants ir the last twenty .or thirty years. Th< daily consumption of foreign flour or the tables of our farmers has beer something enormous, while our cities never enjoy bread prepared from home' raised wheat. UNIVERSAL RAISING OF WHEAT. The universal raisiog of wheat it your-State will be no experiment anc no new undertaking. It will simplj be gettiug back ^nto the footsteps oi our fathers, and forging a strong lint in the desirable self-sustaining feature of our farm work. There are thousands of people in your State today who wel! remember when patent flour sacked at Western mills, tad no sale in youi merchants' stores. South Carolina wheat has helped to furnish the muscle and brain of many of the most eminent characters who have conspicuous places in the history of our country. A STRIKING CONTRAST. In contrasting the agricultural conditions of the South as they existed thirty-five years ago with those of thepresflnf if ho t-pAr/^JhlTr TiraQ ATI fold vuv iv vau i/u iuviu xvivi vij yiwvuvwi* through a short illustration from a pait of our history with which we are all familiar, and of which many of you who are present here today have a feeling recollection. During the four years' continuation of the civil war the entire population of the South was blockaded on all sides. The continued call for troops to the front drained the country of it3 best manhood, leaving agriculture largely in new hands and under the restraint of perilous, wrought up times. The entire Confederacy subsisted upon home-raised supplies, and cut- ill > amug a>i luj \jl uug iWlVU lVu its commissary departments from the products of Southern farm3. Daring the entire period of four years there was no suffering in any quarter of the South by man or beast for want of good, wholesome food, particularly flour. Our troops suffered fer want of money and transportation facilities, but not because there was not an abundance of provisions of all kinds in every section of the South. Gen. Sherman commenced his memorable march through Georgia toward the close of 'G4, with nearly one hundred and thirty-five thousand men and thousands of cavalry and wagon horses. As he advanced on his line of march to the seaboard, and onward through your own State, his foraging parties daily replenished this vast army's commissary department with the finest bills of fare ever issued to any soldiery in modern times. AN ASTOUNDING ASSERTION. The full granaries, smoke houses and extensive well stocked pastures of South Carolina's farms supplied. U-en. Sherman with an abundance of provisions, without any great detriment to our people left ia tie wake of his march. PRESENT STATE OF AFFAIRS. it cannot be doubted tnat tnere is vastly more acreage in cultivation in your State today than at that time. Should such an army with it3 necessary stock, equipments, start out through your State at this time without a wellfilled commissary, depending upon the resources of the country to sustain its march to the seaboard, how far would it proceed without halting or looking to other sources for supplies? Suppose for one short year the population of South Carolina wa3 blockaded and Western transportation facilities cut short off what would be the consequence under our present system of farming? Famine would run riot in your towns and cities, and thousands of the agricultural classes would suffer for bread and meat, because our farmers generally do not produce enough provisions to take their families through one year. Of what a magniliceut past we can boast and how glaringly it contrasts with the present. Tn all ^onarfm^nf.q nf r?.nm'mf>rrtial and industrial life, except agriculture, the inventive genius of man is being utilize with every possible degree of profit to the various avocations in which the people of this country are engaged. The convenience of all kinds that the world is daily manufacturing and placing before the farmer are tending to render him more helpless and dependent in a business which should be pre-eminently the most independent on earth. Thirty years ago when the old horse power threshing and hand power fanning machines were in use, more wheat was annually raised in some militia districts of the various counties of your State than is now threshed with all the modern improvements at our command, from the combined wheat acreage of two or three counties. SELF-SUSTAINING METHODS. The young farmers of your State must look back into the early history of their fathers and shape their future course in agriculture by the self-sustaining method in use on every faim at that time, utilizing all the latest and mo3t approved farming implements that will reduce the cost of labor, increase the pleasure of the business and hasten that day of prosperity so much to be desired. The older farmer should resurrect the principles of farming in vogueKriring their earlier days and make of their farms commendable object lessons of what they know to be possible of the ereac resources of their State. PLANTING TIIE WHEAT CROP. Plant your wheat not later than the last week in October, preparing your land by deep ploughing, harrowing and rolling. No matter how extensive or how restricted your acreage in wheat may be the coming fall do not neglect to treat the seed a3 a safeguard against smut. I have read hundreds of letters this spring from farmers stating that they could not raise, wheat because of t'ae ravages of smut. The Romans were afflicted with the same trouble over two thousand years ago. Scientific investigations within recent years have discovered the life history of the smut germ, and by continued experiments, i e J ? nave iuuuu icmcuico rrunv/ju, u piu^n,> applied, will in every instance free the grain of future disaster from that source. Smut is nothing more than a parasitic plant adhering to the grain, germinating with the grain and growing along with the stalk. Its presence is only discovered by microscopic examination. As the infected head of wheat develops the nutriment intended for the grain is absorbed by the smut germ and a mass of loose brown spores is formed. These spores, blown about the field by winds, adhere to thousands of . good giains ana tne foundation is iaia { for increasing disaster the follosring > year. Smut does not therefore develop { after the crop is planted and growing, & { must be in life and attached to the, } seed wheat before it is put in the . ground. Ordinarily a solution of bluestone, at the rate of one pound to enough water for immersing five bush- tl "i f*?i i. _ i. - 2 eis 01 wneat ana auowiug iu suiuu. iur ^ t twelve or fourteen hours, vrill eradicate . | the trouble. Do not allow smut to en- 11 r ter into your argument against wheat w raising. A more universal growing of -w : wheat will develop flour mills conveni- p entto every section of the country. i Produce the raw material and machin[ ery will be at once erected for the pre; paration of grain into needed uses. : INCREASING INTEREST IN AGRICCLL , TURE. The widespread interest which the i people of our cities are taking in the betterment of our agricultural conditions is indeed gratifying. There has ai never been a time in the history of our h country when so universal an interest S in agriculture was manifested by people a] ' in all avocations of life as at present. fi< The world is awakening to the necessi- sj ' ty of the farmer and the importance of re ' aiding him to so shape his course in fu1 ture that his business may be one of ei | deserving prosperity and high useful- tl ness. Upon the success of the farmer u: must unquestionably depend the con- iz tinued prosperity of all avocations w existing in a truly agricultural coun- ir try. ai All of these highly desirable ends and w more may be accomplished through the 1 adoption of such farming methods as m will enable us to become more prosper- ai ous as the years roll by. Make your ai farms selfsustaining. When you have oi provided an acreage of diversified crops H sufficient to meet the demands of home ol supply it would then be proper to con- 11 sider the extent of the money crop. d< Rotate your crops, plough deep, harrow te and roll your lands. Increase the f?r- gJ tility of the soil, supply needed humus pc and improve its mechanical condition tl by growing leguminous plants every- 4, where they can be sown or cultivated. Institute a systematic method of increasing the compost heap and cut down the heavy bills for fertilizers. The lugume and compost heap should be x, the farmer's bank; with their assistance he can at once travel the inviting road to independence and wealth. Without them he must continue to look for help only from costly and oppressive sources, p Let the farmer work 'out his indepen- ^ dence without fear or trembling, gradu- ^ ally abolishing the credit system from s^ tbe future conduct 01 ms ousiness. ^ BEATEN BY NEGROES. p n< Fiye Wliite Ladies Assaulted in the tii ca Streets of Little J&ock. - - ti 2LZ Five brutal assaults by a Negro man ?0 on white women have occurred in Lit- th tie Rock in 24 hours. It is generally w< believed that all the crimes were com- so mitted by the same negro, but three ^ suspects have been arrested, and if the right man can be positively iden- pi tified he may receive summary punishment. The victims of the assaults are all highly respected white women of ?,c Little Rock. All the assaults occurred in the 'iuburbs. The first was that of Mrs'. Aiken, which occurred Tuesday after- . noon. As Mrs. Aiken was passing by in Twentv-first and High streets the Xe- n* gro seized her and dragged her to the woods. She resisted and cried for help. A passerby frightened the Negro away so after he had severely beaten his victim. Wj Officers at once began a search for the assailant, but failed to find him. At 9 o'clock Wednesdaay morning, a ca few blocks from the scene of the first Pa crime, Mrs. Young was assaulted in al- in most the same manner. The Negro ,, knocked her down with such force that 1 a rib was broken, causing internal injuries of a serious nature. He choked Pc and beat her about the head and on the p side, inflicting very serious injuries. The . Negro finally seized her purse and disappeared in the woods. Mrs. Young, R* who is a frail woman, is in a precarious ? condition from her wounds and the shock. Her clothing was torn almost entirely off in the struggle. An hrmr lator Mrs. Kennedy was attacked at her home near West End -L park. She was knocked down, beaten CQ and choked. Her child ran for assis- ^ tance, and the Negro fled. Mrs. Ken- jt nedy's injuries are very painful. About 11 o'clock Emma Longcoy, the IS year old daughter of a grocer, g. was attacked beaten by a Negro half a ^ dozen block from West End park. She escaped from her assailant. City and county officers, together with a large ^ number of citizens were by this time aQ scouring the vicinity for the Xesrro. J 1H xne greatest excitement prevails, auu i the anger of the citizens in the neigh- ^ borhood was thoroughly aroused. ^y The fifth assault occurred early Wednesday morning on a well known young womau, at Twentieth and Cross gu streets. She was likewise knocked down and badly beaten. Iler face was swollen and discolored from the effect of the blows. 0a These outrages were brought to the th attention of Gov. Jones, who offered a 0f reward of $100 each for the arrest and (jj conviction "of the guilty parties. Judg- e(j ing from the temper of public senti- ^a ment, the officers will find it difficult to 0f T.rAfor>f nri?nn.-7' sVirmlii thn riffilt man be captured. | g^i Homicide in Florence. ^ Wednesday at Lyra, Florence County, M. C. Collins shot and killed G. W. ^ Young. Both of the parties were young white men, and were said to be popular. pl Young leaves a wife and two little chil- frc dren. Collins also is married. The tal men had some trouble Saturday night \c about a tobacco barn which they owned sc] jointly. When they met Monday morn- au ine, Collins brought up the trouble by ^ asking Young a question. Young is said to have been advancing on Collins ou with a drawn knife when shot. 0f Queer Georgia Story. ^ Henry W. Hiers, a farmer who lives near G-uest, Colquitt county, G:i., went to Atlanta Wennesday to consult ' Dr. Harris. He was in great agony ma with what he thought was a bug in his to ear. Investigation by the doctor dc- to veloped the cause of the trouble to be so lead which had been melted and pour- of ed into Mr. Hier's ear while a?leep. to muiii: suiiuutiiis waaxjuj . Call Made for Ten Additional Infantry Regiments. An order has been issued directing iat ten additional regiments of infan y volunteers be organized for service l the Philippines. The regiments ill be numbered from 38 to 47 and ill be organized at the followiBg lartAS in nrdp.r nam**!: Fort Snelling, Minn. Fort Crook, Neb. Fort Riley, Ivas. Camp Meade, Pa. Fort Niagra, N. Y. Fort Leavenworth, Kas. Jefferson Barracks. Mo. South FarmiDgham, Mass. flamn Meadft. Pa. It appears that the ten neff regiments re to be mainly recruited in Xew Engtnd and the middle and central westen tates. Kansas and Pennsylvania have pparently been selected as the best eld for recruits. Ic is said that no Decial effort is to be made to secure :cruits in the southern States. This is due, it is said, to the experiice of the officers who operated in lis quarter for recruits for the ten volDteer regiments just now beiDg organ;ed. The only places where difficulty as experienced in securing men was [Georgia and Alabama, the Carolinas -j ii.. ?n> J i.1.. l -L ju tue uruu oiaies auu me twu uuiuiestern Pacific States. The new regiments will add 13,000 2n to the enlisted strength of the army id increases the to^al strength of the my to 95,045 men. The total number , sn iviuuwwiovaiiwu Auvvs ^vi.ivw vVJ I FT men, being only 4,803 men short : the total authorized volunteer estabshment of 35,000. It is stated at the apartment that the number of volun- , :ers already called into service is re- ' irded as amply sufficient to meet all jssible needs of the army, and that i lere is possibility that the remaining . S03 volunteers will be called for. TWO THOUSAND DEAD. ach Report from Porto Hico Adds to ; Magnitude of Disaster. ! The appalling conditions existing in ' aerto liico were made more fully 1 lown to the war department "Wednes- ; ty by Gen. Davis in a dispatch which. i ,ys the deaths outright in the island < ill reach 2,000 while many are dying 1 lily from injuries and privations, Gen, < avis adds: 1 Dry split peas very acceptable. Can- 1 ;d peas involve too mncti transporta- " in rkr?Ar\At?firtn fA nnfnmAnf f uu ill 1/iu^iiyu uu in be used near seacoast, although 1 iere is Tauch destitution in the interior ! id deaths are occurring from lack of ' od. "Will not be possible to reach < iose points with packs before next 1 eek, for in many cases the roads are 1 destroyed that only men on foot can 1 ittoand from these districts. The 1 ores coming on the McPherson will < i in time for I am supplying most ' essing needs at all accessible points 1 Lth. stores now on hand. So great is struction of reads that there is no mimunication yet with one-third of i e island. The commanding officer at .ch of the twelve posts is inspector of t lief for his district and he has detain- j I in every municipality agents collect-, j g data and relieving most pressing ] :eds. I have furished each inspector ith similar funds and giver: authority j issue food from army supplies. One < J 1 s\-p imn T*A^ ? 'iUiCI UiCU Ui 1UJ U11CO-J UlUU AUjUiVU J ill recover. A great many wagons ' erturned and broken but all being re- 1 tired. Many thousands of private 1 ttle and horses were drowned. Larger ] irt of deaths of natives from drown&" , ? i By direction of the navy department i e auxiliary cruiser Panther now at the < 2ague island navy yard has been tern- ' >rarily transferred to the war depart- < ent for uss in the transportation to | aerto Rico of relief supplies collectcd i the cities of Baltimore and Philadel- i lia. The vessel will be located at i biladelphia and will proceed direct to t mJuaa. i McSweeney Stood Firm. y Some months ago one Pons of Geor ? a married a young lacy of Aliendale this State. It was afterwards dis- ^ vered that he had a wife and several ] .ildren living In Savannah, Georgia. ^ e was prosecuted for bigamy, found e iltr and sentenced to nav a fine of ? 00 and be imprisoned in the jail at ^ imberg for six months. The fine has en paid and Gov. McSweeney has en petitioned to commute the sen ce by relieving him from imprisoning The judge who tried the case * d the solicitor whu prosecuted joined * the petition for commutation but 1 jv. McSweeney stood firm and refus- " to interfere. He was exactly right. ^ hen his time is out the friends of the * [lendale young woman should take 1 arge of Pons. His Georgia wife is * ing for a divorce. c i Insurgents Crushed. ] United States Minister Russell at 1 iracas reports to the state department i at the insurgent factions in the State s Los Andes, Venezuela, under Gen. t triano Castro was completely defeat- r by the government troops in a bloody c ttlc which lasted lb hours, ine loss c the insurgents is placed at S00 killand wounded and that of the govament300. This is the end of the iturbance in that section, which is e only one affected. v 1 Five Lives Lost. a The three-masted schooner Aaron I ippard. Capt. TVessell, lumber laden a >m Savannah to Philadelphia was/to- c ly wrecked off Gull Shoals, on the h irth Carolina coast Thursday. The b ]ooner had been in distress nearly b day. and went to pieces toward ^ rht. A life saving crew from, the ill Shoals life saving station was sent t to rescue the schooner's crew, but the eight men, only three were saved. c is not known whether or not Capt. 0 essell is among the five lost. ^ UeilTs Cotton Yarns- d The purpose of Xeill's big cotton esti- j p ,tes is so plain that the trade ought ti disceunt his figures. It is shame b allow exorbitant predictions that are Ii manifestly exploited for the purpose C breaking down the price of cotton, meet with success. a: MAIM nnirrBu. Peaceable Negroes Terrorized b* Bands of WhitecapS' FLEETO SWAMP AND TOWNS The Governor Appealed to by Sheriff of Greenwood Who Can't Preserve Order in the County. A special to Columbia State from Greenwood says: A portion of this county between Greenwood and Phoenix has for more than a week past been terrorized by a gang of so-called whitecaps engaged in whipping Negroes. The whitecaps began Monday night a week ago and entered the houses of several negroes who were taken out and whipped. Since then thi? performance has been several times repeated and the Negroes are badly frightened. The object of the white caps is to cijive oil JNegro tenants in order to secure control at low pri6es of valuable farm lands in that seoncti much of which is rented to Negroes by the white landlords. There is no political foundation for the troubles and the'offenders are said to belong to a low class of whites. The Negroes have taken to the woods and swamps at night to avoid the visitation of the gang and many of the colored people have come to Greenwood, some of them bringing all their possessions and refusing to go lack home. Inoffensive Negroes are said to have i J __J it? v? Deen wnippeu. auu buc/ xutvc umu v their troubles to white friends here but are afraid to talk openly. So far as known none have left this county but few are anxious to remain in the community. The better class of people deplore the occurrences and until now the matter has been kept quiet, but today the sheriff wired the governor for assistance, stating his inability to control the situation. It does not seem to De tne ODjeci 01 the gang to seriously injury the Negroes. They simply want them to leave the community in order that the lands may be rented by white tenants. It is a fine farming section producing good crops but is thickly settled by Negroes although the colored population was somewhat thinned oat immediately after the election riots last November. The Negroes are now very badly scared and the object of the whitecaps has been very nearly attained. This is the version of the story as gained from Grreenwood men. A large land owner of that section told jne today that he had his Negroes 3leep iir -his barn for protection and bhat the colored population is terrorized. Two hundred Negroes from that vicinity spent Saturday night in Greenwood to avoid the visitation of the whitecaps. The same masterly inactivity which characterized the sheriff's Dffice in the November riots hangs over uV-i ??C on/1 nnfliin<r Luai UllLV/C 1U luu luoxauw/ ouu tias yet been done. TILLMAN CONDEMNS IT. A special dispatch from Greenwood bo The Greenville News say*: In connection with the whitecapping situation in this county, Solicitor Sease is in town, and has wired the attorney general to come up and investigate the [flatter: Senator Tillman is here. Alluding to ;he subject, he said that he did not jensure the people for the Phoenix iots, but that this was entirely past. :;I do not advise you to kill the TolDers," he said; "but if you have to ex nirniflh tTiAHA Ws WUJ wwvtjj WVM ? ^ 1"?? poor devils of Negroes. 4'The time will soon be when this race question will shake this conntry :rom centre to circumference. Anarchy, >nce begun, is like fire in the woods. STou are dominant; your own civiliza;ion, your self-respect demands sozne;hing to put down this trouble. Keep lp this trouble, and you give powder to iV, ?{??> ruur eueiines xu mc uumu, juu iujug Four country, and if this trouble coninues, you will drive every laborer rou have out of this section. "I beg you, I entreat you, I plead nth you, to rise as one man and put a itop to this trouble." Some one would say he would lose rotes by it. He didn't care if he did. t- i j. _"l~ n.e uiua l warn ljuc vuieo ui uicu nuv vould do such a thine, and if he didn't ipeak out he would be unworthy to " epresent anybody and the people raght to retire him. ?Fort Lower Shocked. Fort Lower was shocked Thursday by ^hat is said to have been the suicide of Urs. S. W. Keep, who, it seems shot lerself while in bed at an early hour rhursday morning with a parlor rifle, rhe ball entering at the left temple anging upwards doins its deadly work n a few minutes. It is rumored that here may have been foul play, as no ?ne can account for such an act unless t was prompted by jealousy. Mrs. leep was a highly respected Christian ady abeut 25 years old and her death s a shock to the community in which he lived. At this hour we are unable o give the facts in the case as we have tot heard the verdict of the jury. The leceased leaves a hxxsband and two hildren. Carriage Fell in River. A carriage containing^six persons ras precipitated into YViiite nver Thursday night as it was being driven board a ferry boat at "Washington, nd., and all were drowned. The dead re Mrs. Albert Hensell, four Hensell hildren and Miss Amy Dillon. The orse had just stepped aboard the ferry oat when the hawser parted and th e oat swung out, dropping the carriage <iih its occupants into the river. Wrecked in a Hurricane. The steamer Germ arrived atPennsaola Thursday afternoon with the crew f three Morweigian vessels who were rrecked in the Carrabelle hurricane, 'here were about 45 men. Those who o not ship on other vessels from this ort .will be sent home by their respec:ve consuls. The Germ will later ring to Pensacola the crews of the talian barks wrecked in? the storm. >Ee Italian vessel had been loaded for ve months, but her crew deserted and nother one could not be procured.