Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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A DESERVED TRIBUTE ~ FROM SENATOR TILLMAN TOTCTHE , LATE SENATOR EARlE. An JE!oq.-6at Eel gy ot tile L'ta at.a Cisartc:crcf t! e D;ad Statesman-An Io>ieall&s Fecltal of H.'st jr!ca5 Erin's iz> South Ca o'lua Below will be found the full text cf Senator Tiliman's tribute to the mem ory of the l*t- Senator Earie deliverer in th? United Stages oeaati: Mr. President, in rising to adiress the Senate on this sad occasion I shall depart from the form of eulogy which is customary. I can not speak of frenator Earle from the standpoint of personal friendship, I can not from extended personal observation and experience pay tribute to his character and virtues as a man and as a private citizen. I can not speak of him even from the standpoint or politics, friendship. While we both entered this Senate as representatives of the Democracy of South Carolina and he had publicly announced his purpose to cooperate with me in the Senate if elected, -we were not friends in the common scceptation of the term, nor were we political allies, What I shall say, therefore, in honor of my dead colleague will be more worthy of acceptation and carry more weight by reison of the antagonism that existed between us as rival candidates for the governorship in 18!?0, and "" I folf it -me dnf.r to lend all ichwx vu wvau^v A ^ ?v ? the help I could to the gentleman who opposed him in his race for the Senate. Senator Earle and myself were never brought into close contact except during an exciting political canvass, and I therefore had no opportunity to judge the man as he bore himself toward his friends and neighbors. But during that canvass I watched him, and had opportunities such as no other man in South Carolina or out of it ever had to get an insight to his character and a correct appreciation of his sterling worth and brave, unflinchicg manhood during a most tryiag ordeal. It may not be of interest to the Senate, and I haye almost doubted the propriety of entering on this occasion into a recital of events in which I mysell bore so -* conspicuous a part- It ij not egotism or any desire to inject my own personality into the discussion of Senator Earle's ser.ices and merits. But if I fail by reason of such consideration to discuss the subject from that standpoint, I will fail to discharge my duty as I see it, and no one elie can perform that duty as well as I can. Indeed, no one can or will perform it at all. If I do not do it, the fame and record of the virtues cf the dead Senator would lack that testimonial which I alone can give here and which given under <he circumstances, can but help to link his^cfflerSy stronger bonds to South j?2So82l%'s history. f Senator Earle sat in this body a very ' short time. The illness wmcn resulted m |tr)his death seized him within thirty days after ha took the oat*> of office, and he disappeared from our midst to return no more. His star had climbed ihe heavens until it had reached the zenith and there shone with a calm and steady brilliancy. Suddenly, like a meteor, it sank beneath the horizon and went out in darkness, leaving naught as a remainder that it ever held a place in the Senatorial galaxy save the memory of one short speech of two minutes. That speech made its impress on the minds of his hearers and stamped the new Senator as a good constitutional lawyer and a man who would not tamely submit to injustice or yield one jot or tittle of the right of the State and of his people. But, as impressive as was his utterance and as e.oquent as was his plea, it only gave promise ot a career that closed all too suddenly and sadly. Senator Earle will not be remembered for what he did here. His record is not a senatorial one. His reputation must rest upon his actions and utterances while he was an officer of South Carolina and before he was sent here as her representative. Realizing this in the fullest degree and anxious as I am to give that part of his life the greatest prominence which will tend to perpetuate his memory, I must follow the course I have marked out, even though it deals with occurrences in which I mjseif acted an important part. A brief recital of historical events in my State will be necessary for a clear understanding of the causes which led up to the most ezciting and intensely bitter campaign that has ever convulsed any State in this Union. There are people in South Carolina, where mo3t of Senator Earle's friends live, and where his good name and the honor due him will be most cherished, who will not thank me fer this exposition, and who will severely censure me for making it, but, as I have said once before, I am not seeking jhe plaudits of anyone or trying to do anything except to discharge a solemn duty to the cead man whose one striking characteristic was devotion to duty. It is a simple act of justice to him without caring for its ef ect on me. I know if he were alive, he would do as much for me. Indeed, he did, in 1892, by writing a letter for publication, do such an act of justice for me which made nim very unpopular at the time. The real friends of the dead Senator will see the justice of this view of the matter and will thank me for giving prominence to that part of hi3 career which is the lasting basis of his fame. It is not as a Senator mat he will De remembered, nor is his record as judge and attorney-general, honorable and worthy though it be, his highest claim to remembrance. His candidacy for governor in 1890 and the fact that he so b?re ^himself in that campaign, in -which, he carried only 4 counties in '6b, that six years later he won the Senatorship by a popular vote given largely by the very men who howled him down in 1890?this is the man's claim to immortality, and I shall tell the story as briefly as I can and as I understand its phases and facts, concealing nothing and anxious only to state the truth, as I understand it. 1 do this knowing that there arc men who will be ready to dispute the facts and also deny the conclusions. That is a right I shall not attempt to deny to any man. Those who hear and read what I say must determine for themselves the truthfulness and impartiality of the story. Up to the period of reconstruction South Carolina never had a real popular government. It was so in form only. The State was settled first along the coast, as were the other colonies, and up to and succeeding the Revolutionary war a preponderance of its people resided in the tier of counties bordering on the ocean. These people were largely the descendants of the Huguenots, who fied from religious persecutions in .France, and of the Enzlish. who had been sent over by the lords proprietors. The Piedmont or upper portion of the State, hadbeen settled during the first half of the eighteenth century by a large influx of Scotch-Irish, German, and Dutch settlers from Pennsylvania. There were also settlemeats of persons in different counties of Scotch Highlanders. Irish, and English. These interior settlers owned few slaves, while the planters of the CDast counties owned a great many. They differed from these latter in many ways. Under the State constitution adopted in 1790 the apportionment of political power in the State senate was such as to fix and perpetuate the domination of the coast counties by reason of the fact that each parish of those counties, which were organized after the manner of the Church of Englagd, was given a senator, while the interior counties, then large in area and sparsely settled, were given only one senator each. The county of Charleston, with its nine parishes, was thus given nine senators, and the other coast counties had proportionate numbers cf senators not at all corresponding with their population later on. This one-sided and unfair condition was a source of constant ansrv discussion and led to a division of "up country" and "lowcountry" in State politic and insured the absolute domination of the city of Charleston in State affairs. All efforts to undo the wrong "were futile. The same constitution provided that the governor and oihtr State officers and the judges of the supreme and circuit courts should be elected by the legislature, so that the people were permittei to vote only for members of Congress, county ' officers, and members of ".he legislature. And the control of the machinery of the counties even for the disbursing of taxes and performing other duties incident to county government were in charge of a board of COtnuiissioutrji sj'2>oiut?>i at the eipiia!. This nran a?? - . aawa?cw r.-x^'^wgovernment was s? nearly aristocratic as has existed anywhere in America, and two generations had passed away, and a third habituated to its requirements was in possession of the government when the civil war came on. The large slave owners and families of greatest prominence and wealth, by intermarriage and other alliances, held absolute sway ia State politics, and the masses were mere puppets to register their will. The State was Democratic or independent in national politics, but it was aristocratic in local afTiirs. This aristocracy, be it said to its credit, ga.*e the State as good governin ;ot, so far a3 purity and honesty were r-nnrprrud. as anv country ever had. But a prouder, niore arrogant, or hot-headed ruling class never existed. Under the reconstruction constitution of J 80S the election of governor 3nd State officers was given to the people by direct vote, and the scheme of county government was decentralized and placed in charge of a board of county commissioners elected by the people. During the eight years cf radical misrule, when the carpet-baggers and their negro dupe? trampled the whites under foot in a way no ether English speaking community ever endured "since the fc'axon wore the Norman's collar," there was no opportunity for growth along the lines of true American citizenship and genuine Democracy. To define it more clearly, there "was no such thins as the rule of the people, eitner white or black. When, in 1870, the white people, in desperation, rose and overthrew the reconstruction government and drove out the vampire horde of thieyes and bribe takers, they were confronted with this condition. There was a clear .numerical majority of negroes of voting age of about 30,000, and it is a self-evident proposition that "white unity'' w is the bs-ttle cry that most appealed to the cense and patriotism ot every white man in the State. Aside from the condition of semi-anarchy a.nd the burdensome taxation which had ex! istcd, the reconstruction government had ! dissipated the. assets of the State bank | amounting to ?3,000,OOC, had squandered the State's interest in railroads to an equal I amount, and had issued bonds increasing the Sta.e debt from ?6,000,000 tovmore than ?20,000,000, with nothing to show for it. It is small wonder,-then, that the whites knew and understood the needs of unity. The political demarcation was a color line, pure and simple. Democracy ?eant white supremacy; Republicanism meant the rule of the African and carpet-bagger, and native scalawag, the most despised of-the threo. ,The newly emancipated white man, who stood erect in the consciousness of being once more citizens of South Carolina,/and freeman as far as the State was concerned, followed the leaders who had led in the fight for that emancipation with almost blind idolatry. These leaders at once became almost omnipotent in State politics; and the para mount thought in the minds of everyone was how to retain control of the State govern ment Prior to tie war there had been little or no division along party lines in the State, it was said that "when Calhoun took snuff, the State sneezed;" and hero worship has always been a leading characteristic of our people. The lack of familiarity with partisan or party politics and the total lack of familiarity with the machinery for controlling and directing party politics were great drawbacks. In fact, the people knew almost nothing about such things. The four years of war and the eight years of reconstruction, during which there was paralysis of citizenship, had bred a torpor which made it easy for the old aristocratic families and those in alliance with them to resume control, and the necessities of the political situation, the enforced white unity, made it easy to continue that control. Tho constitution had been changed, the power vested in the people, but the condi*-< /-v* rrrmQ a 1 f G AT"ATV*.ifiP?_ 11UU3 nuc ZIWO iar vauviv am v?v- vw Party nominations were made in convention (I mean as to State officers and Congressmen, and in many counties for all officers) | from 1876 to 1890. From 1870 to 18S0 there 1 were no causes of complaint?every white man was satisfied with the management of affairs and everyone set about actively rebuilding the State and advancing his individual interests. But in 1880 the poison began to work. Ring rule is an enevitable growth where only one party exists. The conventions were manipulated ai they usually are by court house rings, and these worked under the direction of a statehouse ring. While there were mutterings of discontent which constantly grew in intensity with the management of local or State affairs and with the way in which the people were ignored.in parceling out the offices,the thought of "independentism"?division among the whites was abhorent to every good Carolinian. The nomination by the party conventions was equivalent to election, and he was regarded as a public enemy who dared to raise his voice in criticism or objection. One or two spasmodic efforts to overthrow ring rule were made in. the mountain counties, where there was a majority of white voters and where the people had not suffered so much as in the negro counties, but the leaders denounced all such efforts as unpatriotic and declared that "an independent was worse than a radical," and, with the mem. orv of their oppressions rankling in their minds, the people re-echoed the sentiment and acted upon it. Thus were the conditions produced and the mine laid for the explosion which came in 1890. The antebellum conditions were entirely changed. The large fortunes of the old slave owners had been destroyed by the results of the war and with them had been destroyed, in a large measure, class distinctions. The Confederate soldiers while fighting had also been going to school. There was a quickened intelligence and a more thorough understanding of the correct principles of government, and the demand for popular government and equality of privilege made rapid growth. It was seen that a certain coteris of politicians were running laings m me interest 01 inemseives, ineir kindred, and friends, and the people were growing tired of the inevitable answer to any of their complaints, "Hush, or you will split the Democratic party." The agitation which led to the revolution or explosion had begun in 188G, and it had taken four years of discussion and of agitation after six years of dissatisfaction ever on the increase to prepare the minds of the people and to organize them to overthrow the oligarchy which had fallen heir to the power to the old antebellum aristocray. The State was ruled during these ten years absolutely by the two cities of Columbia and Charleston; and as they did tb.13 through their allies liv-, mg in the other towns of the State, the agitation for reform had assumed Rie complexion of an agricultural movement, in which the farmers or country people were embattled against the cities and towns. It was not an agrarian movement in any sense of the term, and it antedated the alliance movement by two years. A large majority of the white people live in the country, and many of these farmers?thousands of them?are as intelligent and well-educated men as there are in the State, and they own a large share of its wealth. Senator Earle had entered politics shortly after the overthrow of the carpet-bag re gime as senator irom oamwr county, anu while he belonged to one of the best families of the State, one noted for its prominent men and wealth, he himself, as a result of war, had had to struggle in his young manhood with poverty, and he was not in touch or sympathy with the then, ruling powers. Indeed, he was more or less antagonistic to them, lie had been promoted, not through the instrumentality of the oligarchy, but rather in spite of it, to the attorney-generalship in 1SS0, and although he was offered the governorship by the reformers or farmers in 18SS, and ^ould have been nominated, his affiliations with the then State administration were such that he was forced to decline. This fact, in IS'JJ, led the Reform Democrats to resolve to have nothing to do with any of the old leaders or prominent politicians of the State. The experience in two State campaigns?those of 1SS6 and 1SS8? in which they had been defeated taught i _ 1 U ~ ***}? *-rsA mem 19 &UUn cac >aiuc vi caiij uuu tiivi organization, so that the political forces of the State began to marshal themselves and politics to assume shape almost vrith the new jear. A convention or voluntary caucus c:' those in sympathy "with reform ideas vras called to meet in March. One of the principal demands in the call was for a primary election in which each individual citizen should have a right to vote il;rect for the nominees of the Democratic;, j. rty. Another va? the e-ra^lishmen- ?* a teciinical and industrial schoo'?an agTicl .il college for the education of farmers and mechanics separate from the State university. There were other important issuer, but it is unnecessary to mention them. This convention assembled and, denouncing the administration oi.afFairs, passed resolutions announcing its platform and put me forward as candidate for governor in the party convention whenever it should be called. It also passed resolutions demanding cf the State Democratic committee, which was con trolled by our opponents, to appoint aperies of meetings in each of the counties of the State for a general discussion of the issues of the day by all of the candidates for State offices. The newspapers of the State, almost without exception, opened their batteries on the movement. Many declared that it was unDemocratic, and that its purpose was the division and consequent destruction of the Democratic party iu the State. All of the trained politicians and men of prominence, vith very few exceptions, aligned themselves in opposition. The banks, corporations, and railroads were all antagonistic. Out of TcO lawyers in the State not more than 40 joined in the movement for reform. Senator, then Attorney-General Earle and Gen. John Bratton, a Confederate brigadier of high character, both announced themselves as car didates for governor, and the campaign opened early in June in Greenville, the county of General Eirle's birth. One meeting was held in every county in the State. Day by day, week by week, crowds numbering in the thousands and embracing almost the entire white male population turned out to hear the speakers. It was during this period of two months tha* I learned to know Senator Earle thoroughly, to admire his ability a3 a debater, to respect his manhood, and to appreciate his gentlemanly, chival rous h earing. If there be such tl'ir * as? That stem joy which warriors feel In foemen worthy of their steel? I had my fill of it. But candor compels the confession that while all of the indications pointed to General Earle's defeat, the fighting, if such a term be permissible, was anyj thing but pleasant. The contest was never I in doubt after the first five meetings. A tidal wave had risen in the mountains and was sleeping seaward with irresistible force, bearing down all opposition, washing away all landmarks, and entirely submerging the old regime. Democracy, like Pallas, new-born but fully grown and armed, rejoiccd in its strength and grew hoarse with cheering those who had first found courage to give it a voice and d;mand its rights. It had been suppressed and oppressed for a century, and nothing could now stay its course. The feeling was very intense, the danger of collision and riot always imminent. Dramatic situations, sharp personal colloquies, bitter sarcastic retorts, would first drive one side then the other into a frenzy of approval or angry dissent. General Earle knew that he was beaten, but he never faltered or let up. He faced hostile audiences which sometimes refused at first to let him speak, but with calm dignity and courage he forced recognition and a hearing. He never relaxed his grasp upon my throat, but fought till the last. He pressed his arguments home with powerful logic and sabtle reasoning. A trained lawyer and debater, he had Jail the advantage. But the facts were aga nst him, and while he made no impression upon the feelings or judgment of his audiences on the issues then pending, he yet won the admiration of all by his intrepidity and ability and always under the most trying circum J i. ? stances maintained nis seu-respect uuu turn-1 manded that of his opponents. There were 260 votes in the convention, and of these he received les3 than 50, carrying only four counties out of thirty-five. The county of his birth was against him, the county of his adoption was divided; but while he went down to defeat it was with every flag flying and no thought of asking quarter, and it was ! this canvass that won him his seat in the United States Senate six years later. I have always thought he entered the race under a misconception, bat being in he was too proud to retire. His line of fight during the campaign had been almost entirely personal. In other words, he did not dispute the justice of the deAands whi.ch the reformers had set out in their platform, but he tried to get on the platform and shove its exponent off of it. He did not go far enough along that line to alienate the adherents of the oligarchy who supported him with enthusiasm; but he wa3 not their real choice, and he knew it, so he J was careful to let the people see he wa3 not I nonnsinjr lwntilar <rovernmeni. and such re- I vrr ? r-r o forms as were needed. When the result was known, after the nomination was over, he bowed submissively to the will of the people and loyally supported the ticket, advising against and antagonizing with all his might an independent ticket which the defeated faction had set on foot to retain the government by the aid of the negroes. After the last meeting at Colleton I approached General Earle, andk extending my hand, I said: General, we know each other better than we did at Greenville ia June. If I have said anything in the heat of debate to wound your feelings, I desire to apologize, and to express the hope that if we can not be friends, we shall not become enemies. He shook my hand heartily and disclaimed any feeling of natred or sense of wrong, and offered a similar apology; and so we parted, as true men oagtit. Two years latter, when the reformers put me forward for reelection, there was another bitter contest, not so intense as that of 1890, but still very exciting, and in some respects dangerous. General Earle refused to have anything to do with this and advised against it. He wrote a letter in which he gave credit where credit was due and "warned his old supporters that they were doomed to defeat. This enraged that element in the State at the time, but they learned later the wisdom of his advice and to appreciate the more his clear judgment, while at the same time General JS&rle thu3 won the good will and forgiveness of thousands of those who voted against aim in his candidacy for governor. Ine result wae that the reform legislature elected liim 10 the position of circuit judge in 3S94. which he held up to the time of his entry to the Senate. Of this last race I shall not speak. Suffice it to say that I did not support him. But it was not because I lid not know his worth and recognize his fitness for the nomtion and hia ability to adorn it. X"" w After his entry upon his duties here our relations were friendly and promised to become coidial, for he had too much sense to bear malice and wai too liberal minded not to know that my antagonism was political rather than personal. Had he lived so as to have given him an opportunity to have shown of what stuff he was made, I am sure every Senator here would have been impressed with his high character and chivalrous bearing and have recognized his worth and ability. He is gone, as all of us will have in few years to folio w, "to that undiscovered country from whose bourne no traveler returns," and his fame and good name mast rest in the minds and hearts of those in his own State, who knew him best and loved him most There is something peculiarly pathatie in hi3 death, coming as it did just after reaching tbe goal of his ambition. A ripe scholar au eminent jurist, and a fluent speaker, he could not have failed to make his influence felt here bad Providence permitted him to win additional honors The Senate pauses in its labors for a brief whiie to pay respect to his memory, The tribute which I have paid him, coming from an old antagonist, may not be deemed the highest or most worthy, but it is at least sincere; and I feel that I have but added to rather than detracted from ;he luster of his name by the recital of those -jvents which first impressed him upon the people of his native Srate. Mr. President} as we look around upon the Senate in our daily intercourse here, it i3 easy to be seen by everyone that with very few exceptions every man on this floor is on the sunset side of life and rapidly approaching the setting. We struggle here in the performance of our duties as we see them and understand them, and are often bitter ana uareasyaayie m our tviiiciLii'jiia n u,^.. one another, but I know Senators will join me with the utmost sincerity in the thoughts 1 expressed in that beautiful poem by James 1 Montgomery; Tim? grows not old with length of years: Changes he brings, but changes not: New born each moment he appears: , We run our rac?, and are forgot. , Stars in perennial rounds return, As from eternity they came, And to eternity might burn; We are not for one hour the same. Spring flowers renew their glad perfume, But ere a second spring they fly; Our life is longer than their bloom. An*. KIaatm DnrDCtOT__"P^t. TF/> * * ** :k -jf * Lord God! when ti"*; shall end his flight, Stars set, and flowers revive no more, May we behold Thy f*ce m light. Thy love in Jesus Christ adore. interesting paragraphs. Gaiher'd Fn m Oar Kxchacgrs ot tbe Fait Week. Perhaps the most interesting relic that has been recovered from the Maine is tbe flaar which fl. )ated at the masthead when the ship went down. This ha? was brought uo by the divers. and sent to Uapt. Sigsbee, with bis sword?, A woman physician, who is tbe wife of a physician in Indianapolis, thinks the souls and bocies should ba adminintered to jointly, and has united preaching with her practice. She makes house to house missionary canvasses. She is a product of Kansas. Six blind tigers were convicted in the court at Greenwood last week. Their fines aggregated $1,200 but being unable to pay they will serve on the chain gang o 1 that county for the next six months. This is first rate good roads movement for Greenwood. An attempt to cross the AJp3 in a balloon, starting from the Italian, side, will be made next summer. The intention is to keep at a height of 15,000 feet as long as possible, and to take photographic views and make scientific observations during the passage. Some able boditd burglars broke into a blacksmith shop in Alpena, Michigan, and carried cff two big anvils along with everything of value in the place. The owner of the shop says the stuff with which the burglars got safely away weighed about two tons. Dr. Wm. A.. Bjers, of Greenville, has been arrested at Columbia upon a warrant sworn out by his wife, Sirs. A. V. Bjers, before Magistrate Whitmire at Greenville. Byers is now in jail waiting for a $500 bond to relase nim. He is charged with non support of his children. It will be interesting, says tne Charleston Critic, to those who have gszsd with awe upon ihe "patrified man" to know that petrified human remains are made to order at Crookston, Mo. The average price of a petrified human body made of plaster of Paris and-clay and so skillfully treated as to appear to be genuine, is $100. Mr. and Mrs. Q. P. Lord, who gave to Elgin, 111., the pari bearing their name, and have been libtr.il doLOis to all objects of a puolic nature, have offered lu give the Elgin Young Men's Christian Association $10,000 toward a building fund, provided the $20,000 more required be raised by sub scription by J uly 1. The News and Courier says that '4,000,000 bariels of adulterated flour have been sold in the South this crop 3 ear, and Western meat, which could not be sold elsewhere, is dumped into the South by tbe trainload." Shall this tiring continue, to the injury of the people, when it is so easy to raise bread and meat in the South? Mrs. Hsttie Green's recent denuo elation of one of her lawyers on the ground that hi3 fee had been exorbitant calls to mind the fact mat she has employed more lawyers than any other woman in the United States, and that none of them nas ever teen satisfactory. Her cases are never pushed far enough to suit her. The work of placing submarine mines in the principal harbors of tne Atlantic coast has oeen commenced and $1,000,000 is to be spent upon this branca of defense. The wor& is done by the war department, under the di r#-f>.rinn n' fJ-nu Wiisnn nf gineers, and not by ihe navy departmeat, as would bo at fir.it supposed. Rsv. William Alderman, pastor of tte Methodist Oburcb at Pawnee, 0. P., has been seriously ill for seveial weeks, during wnicn time His Helpmeet nas not only nursed nim, but Has conducted tne cnurcn services. Sue bts led the prayer meeting and h?s preachtd two sermons eacb riunday to toe cniire sat.sfactiau. oi me cjju^re gation. Prince Heury of PxUSala just man aged, to get ttie DatUesmp Dcutschland to Unrna- On re&cmug Hong Kong tiie vessel was a: ones puo into uxo Brnisn dry dock, wiure it nad to staj tnrte weeks tvnue undergoing serious repairs to the macninery. From this it would seem that Oiher nations nave trouoie witii tneir war snips as well as tne United States. Tue Inliaaa did some gun practice tne oilier day olf Key- W eat oi a bort calculated to mase marksmen enthusiastic. Tne Dig guns in tue forward mrret were trained upon a target at long range. Tne lirst suot pierced uie target, ax.d tne second snot went torough. tha ^ole made by tne first one. An enemy could not stand ljng oelore sucn shooting as tuat. One coastwise steamship line has witndra wn its vessels Decanse ol ine war seara. 1'ne Lone riiar Line, bjLween New York and Galveston, nas announctd tne discontinuance of its freikfM and passenger services pena lug me solution or the preseut difficulties. A cunaideraole numbsr ox men are taro wn out of employment. Tnus ine evil effects of war are leit Del ore the war itseil is in evidence. A SlaTlns App? tl. The E iitor of the Rock Mountain Call won the priza of $L,000 offered Dy the syndicate of western editors for the best appeal poena to newspaper subscribers to pay up their subscrip lions. This is me poem: Lives of poor men oft remind as, Honest men won't stand a chance, The more we work there grow behind us Bigger patches on cur pantaOn our pants, once new and glossy, T jlwn iiic otiipcs ui uiuciciii nuc, All because subscribers linger, And won't pay what is due. Then let us all be up and doing, Send your mite, however small, Or, when the snow of winter strikes us, We shall have no pants at all. Resting Land ?Half a century ago farmers wouJd "rest" theirland by omitting a crop one year in three or four, in the meantime nature would force a ?rowth of weeds or plants that were adapted to the conditions of the soil. The best way to rest the soil is , to rotate the crops, so that the soil will not be deprived cf certain plant foods while leaving an excess of other ( irir.hc Value of Corncobs?Oorncob3 are j exceediogly rich in potash, containing 3 over 23 per cert. and are worth saying, j They are not available, however, unless burnt and the ashes saved. On farms where heavy crops of corn are grown the amount of potash that < could te sived by burning the cobs is < ?tnll.y Verj lar^e. ' i ' i iii ' in ~r~r i ~ i 'rmmumrn fcur Hundred and n nsty relq IN l H s STATE. Tbis Does Sot Itc'.nde Licenses EUld by tbe Dl*p?Bearl?F, bit OaJy Thoa? B? Id by OiJgin?l Pick's;-? D*kI?ts bed Blind Tigers. Tie Colum'oia record says for the present year there have been 490 United States liquor license issued in South Carolina to others than dispensers. Of this number, a rather snail p>r ceatsge have been issued to p?rsons as agent. Of course, Charleston heads the list in the number of licenses held by citizens of a county. Of the 490 federal licenses issued, 222 are held in Charleston. Leaiiae out Beaufort, more licenses are held in Charleston tban in the other 39 counties of the state. It goes without saying that a man does not pay for a United States license unless he is going to sell liquor. He does not part with his hard to get money just for the fun of the thing. It is evident tbat a thirsty man does not have to go far in Charleston to ?i ad a place where liquor is sold. As stated, Charleston, leads, with 222 licenses Beaufort comes second with 40. Lr'canses are held in .other countios~as follows: Richland 34; Spartanburg, 26; Berkeley. 15; Greenville, 14; Colleton, 12; Georgetown 1H oo/ik "\l ?>rer Kawmv o 2tJUU viici vaw, jl\j govu ^ no" wvji j ?>ju Union, 8 each; Chester and Florence, 6 each; Hampton, Kershaw and Orangnburg, 5 each. Abbeville, Anderson, Sumter and York, 4 each; Aiken, Bamberg, Chesterfield, DarliEgtcn, Lancaster Laurens, Marion, and Oconee, 3 eich; Edgefield, Paluda and Williamsburg, 2 each; Greenwood, Lexington and Marlboro, 1 each. Fairfield, Horry, Pickens and the new county of Lee have no license for the sale of liquor Bat one woman in the state holds a license to sell liquor. She lives on St Helena island, in Beaufort county. A license is issued in Charleston county in the name of a militia company. In Abbeville, Anderson, Cnester, Clarendon, Darlington, Edgefield, Florence. Greenville, Greenwood, Lexington, Newberry and Richland counties the licenses are held by pervAci^inry of fV??* /*niin<TT caoto OV/AiO MX VUV WUUbJ kVUtM* In Aiken county, two are held at Aiken and one at Ellenton. In Bamberg county, there is one each at Denmark, Olar and Bambere. In Barnwell, two are held at the Fair/sx. county seat, two at Attendee. 0De at Elko and one at Blackville, In Beaufort, twelve are held at the county seat, seven at Port Royal and the other twenty eight at cross roads and landings throughout the county. la Berkeley, but or.e license is held at the county seat, the other fourteen being held by persons living near the' phosphate wor?s. Charleston is not a large county, yet 197 licenses are held in the city and 25 in the county outside of the town. In Chesterfield county, all the licenses are held at Cheraw. T n r*/\l /SAllvt^TT tttV .In AYl 1 W And licanse is held at the county ssat, nine are held at Adam's Ran, a lumber camp. In Dorchester county, one licence is held at the county seat and six at Summerville. Summerville, Mount Pleasant at Sullivan's island, the three pleasure resorts of Charlestonians, are we) I provided. Nine of the ten licenses in Georgetown are held at the county seat. But one of the five licenses in Hampton is held at the county seat. Two are held at Brunson and one at Scotia andoneatYtmsafs e. In Kershaw county, three are held at the county seat and two at Luck now. In Lancaster, two are held at the county seat and one at Kershaw. In Laurens, two are held at the a/mi r>tTT f no f ovt/3 Ana Q f Pll infon va>uuvj ocab ajuu uuo an v-iiiiiv/u* la Marion, two are held at Marion and one at Dillon. The only license in Marlboro is held at Brownsville. In Osonee, two are held at Walhalla and one at Saneca. In Orangeburg, two are held at the CJuntj seat ana uce each at tit. M&c thews, Brazjchviile andCameroa. Io Saluda, one is h?ld at the county seat and one at OdomV. Ia Spartanburg, 24 are held at the county s.'at and one each at Clifton and Woodruff. Ia Sumter, three are held at the county seat ana one at cmiuiyiue. In Union, seven are held at the count; seat and tne other at the im mortal town of Jonesville. In Williamsburg, one is held at the county seat and one at G-ourdin. Tite four in York CDuaty are held at Blacksburg. BANKRUPT SPAIN She 9m No Credit Amoij tse Oiher I?aU)Of. No nation in this time can conduct a war with any prospect but that cf early and disastrous failure without plenty of money. In her lack of credit lies the greatest weakness of Spain. The London Economist gives an interesting summary of Spain's financial condition. The three Cuban loans aggregate $450,000,000, the floating debt amounts to $70,000,000, and the monthly war expenditure to $8,000,000. Such are the Economist's figures translating pounds sterling into doi lars at the rate of five to one. They are exclusive of old debt and of the new loan of 200,000,000 pseta3, equivalent to about $10,000,000, whicn the government is tryiDg to raise by pop ular subscription through the national bank. A country like ours would not find any difficulty in handling and increasing upon favorable terms a debt as large as that of Spain, but with Spain it is a very different matter. Tne total population of that country is about ia,uuu,uuu, out ?pain is very weak in industrial resources. Her total debt 13 now $1,613,400,000, aDd the annual interest cnar^e is $90,000, 000. How serious a matter this is for Spain is shown by tte fact that her 4' and 5 per cent bonds are now quoted at from 49 to 55 par cent of thair face value. The new offer of $40,000,000 of bonds is not likely to bring into the treasury more than $25,000,000 at most, and prooably not more than one third of the amount of the floating debt Spain would have to raise several hundred million dollars to prepare for a war with this country. How could she get ii? She has failed to get more than half their face valua for $40,000,000 of bonds which wera taken by her own people after stroDgappeals >- ^ 1?: iu meir pa trim/a uj. t*iicuo|/?mgucs outside of her own country to borrow money she will find ir; impossible to raise any great amount at any rate of interest. There is not today a civilized nation s d ill prepared for war as 3pain. Mark Hanna has just been convicted -after a thorough investigation by a committee of the very "e^jslatute tbat sleeted bin:?of securing hfs Senatorial seat by bribery. ^cn-wrra^i m .. 11. ?r.7 tUr-iDAY school convention. Ths Progratli of the T*?my First Ancnai Smtcr. The following is the program of the twenty first annual convention of the South Carolina Sunday School Convention, -which will meet in Georgetown on May 17: Tuesday ntottt vi\-17 8 CO, Songs of Praise, By Local choir. 8.30, Devotional, Thanksgiving Service, by R.3V. D. M. Fulton. 8 45. Wtatare our aims? Answered by President Hazard of Georgetown. Wbatisour Inspiration? Answered by Field Secretary Whilden, What hasten our Progress? An-1 swtred by Rev. J. W. Sbell. 9.00. Adiress. Subject (to be an noutcsd [by Rev. R. N. Pratt, Columbia. 10 00. Adj >urnment. WEDNESDAY UOKSOKO MAY 18. 9 00 Devotional. Rv F. F. Whilden.! 9 45, Organization. Enrollment. Ap pointment o? Committees. ReDorts of Executive Committee and Field Secretary. 10 CO, Open Conference and Question Drawer conducted by S. B. Ezall, Spartanburg. 11 CO, Topic. *'The Life of Christ," Rev. W. B. Duncan, AUendale. 11 JO, Sunday School management. The Superintendent's responaib lity, by A C. Dibble, Orangeourg. The Teachers Meeting, open dission. 12 30, Reports and Miscellaneous, The Erangei. 1.00, Adjournment. "WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, MAY 18. Primary Teachers Special Service in charge of Mrs. M 8. Whilden, Superintendent, Charleston. 3.00, Singing. Praytr. Scripture Selections. 3 40, Paper, Equipment of Primary I Teacner. 3.25, Normal Lesson.....,By...,,, Singing. 3 50, Papers, Benin's derived from Primary Te&c aer?' Unions, by4. .. 4 00, lessons tor next Sunday taught with blackboard illustrations. 4.30, Benediction. WEDNESDAY NIGHT, MAY 18. 8.00, Song Ssrvica, Conducted by Choir. 8 30, Praise Semoe and Devotional, F. P. Whilden, 8.45. Offerees for the Work. Key. W. I. Herbert, Treasurer. 9.00, Address. Sublet: Jesus ia His Klagdom, by Rev. A E. Coraiih, Chariestoa. 10.00 Adjourameat. THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 19. 9.00, Devotional. 9 30, Reports: (I) Supariateadeat Pri mary Departmeat, Mrs. M. S. Whildea, Ciiarlestoa. (2) SuDeriateadtat Normal Depart meat, Professor R. O. Sims, Gaff aey. (3) Superiateadeat Home Glass Departmeat, Prof. J. A. GameweiJ, Spactaaburg. (4) Statistic^ Secretary, Pr?f. R. O. Sams. (5) Treasurer, Ray. W. I. Herbert, Florence. 10,00. Financial. A belter way. Ho*? Whj? Rey. T. H. Law, D. X>., | Bpartanburg. 10.30. Normal Lesson, Rev. B. P. Robertson, Gaifney. 1L00, The S, C. Edition of the International E vac gel, by Editor C. W. Birchmore, Camden. 12 CO, Miscelleneous. Farewell words. 1.00, Adjournment. (The above may still be changed somewhat.) Gospel Hymns, Nos. lto.6 will be used ia the singing, Notes.?(1) As seen from the above program, the Super" ntendents of the Home, Primary and. Normal Depart merits, the Statistical Secretary and the Treasurer will have brief written reports to present to the Convention also the Editor of the E-augel. (2) The County Vice Presidents (lo wnom copies of this program will be sen ) will kindly send to the Secretary, Rev. W. I. Herbert, at Florence, S. C ., or to Cnairmanof Executive Committee, brief written reports of conditions and prospect of the work in taeir respective counties. (3) Tne County officers (or where the couay is not organized tne county Vice President) will please see that the pledges made lor the county is collect ed audforwarded witinut fail, as the Treasurer needs money. . __ (4) Special rates on the railroads of the State have been authorized by tiie Southern Passenger Association. Have your railroad agent to wire a few days ahead to be sure they get the special rates for jou. (5) Tnose who will attend the convention should send their names to Rev. A. J. S;okes by May 12th. (6) Lat all devoutly pray G;d's blessings upon the Convention and taat all me work may prosper in our hands. Fraternally yours, C. H. Carlisle, Oil, ?x- Con., Spartanburg, S. C. Ameilc* One Hundred- Years Ago. TJaere was not a public libi*ary in the United Sates. ALmost all the furniture was imported irom England. An old copper mine in Connecticut was used as a prison. Xnere was only one hat factory, and that made cocked hats. Every gentleman wore a queue and powdered his hair. Crockery plates were objected to because they dulled the knives. Virginia contained a fifth of the whole population of the country. n. man wuo jeerea at me preacher or criticised the sermon was fined, A gentleman bowiug to a lady always scraped his foot on the ground. Two stage coaches bore all tne travel between New York und Boston. A day laborer considered himself well paid witn two shillings a cay. The whipping post and pillory were still standing in New York. Beef, pork, salt fish, potatoes and hommy were the staple diet all the year round. Buttons were scarce and expensive, and trousers were fasten with pegs or laces. A new arrival in jail was set upon by his fellow prisoners and rob':ei of j everything he had. Wnenamau hsd enough tea he J piacea nis spoan across nis cup 10 ia- j dicats that he wanted no more. Leather breeches, a checked shirt, a red flannel jacket, and a 'cocked hat formed the dress of an artisan. The Church collection was taken in a bag: at the end of a pole, with a bell attached to rouse sleepy contributors. ?The Biblical Recorder. Remedy for Bedbugs.?One ounce of Kerosene cil, two ounces of household ammonia, and one and one half ounces of spiiits of turpentine. Put in spring oil can, mixthorougly while using. Inject into all crevices and where bu* s are apt to collect. Also, under ed$ 63 of base boards of cracks in the waJJ, etc. " all': The New York Journal claims to have information from Washington j to the effect that tbe United States has purchased from Denmark tha three isJacids of St. Thomas, St John and St Croix, along with two cruisers and three torpedo boat destroyers all for $15,000,000. ]TI"iT< ii i will il i i i ii i a, ! ? ?|W "ALL DEPENDS ON S PAIN SHE CAN AVERT A WAR BY FREEING CU3A. Whicb ie la Fo?ed Sbe Will Not lo, and Thore W)io Bare Been Bopefal ot m Pe*c f al Sottltmint Now Consider W?r CeitaiD. There is nc longer any doubt as to the purposes of the United States Government regarding Cuba. War, in the opinion of President MeKinley and his advisers, is inevitable, except in the unlooked for event of a surrender on the part of Spain. The President's message, which he had intended to send to Congress last Thursday, has not been changed in any particular and embodies the unanimous wiews of the cabinet without tbe slightest variance or exception, Onrl 1C CGT/1 +/% Vta c% rrnvtir Tri/?A?/Min uuu sa u bv* Ot V OA J Vi^UiU(UUVbU ment Any movement to avert war must new come from Madrid, and must concede American demands, in eluding an end to Spain's dominion in Cuba. The ominous tone of the press advices from Madrid, where the war fever seemed to have dominated, instead of the concessions, the opening of prison doors and other manifest* tions of peace and gocd will which Holy Thursday was expected to bring forth, and the more definite announcement of action that would bring psace to Cuba. The heavy guard about Minister Woodford's house, the imperative character of his last note, the war utterance of Minister Correa and the turbulence at the Spanish capital left little hope that pacific councils would prevail. No negotiations ar^ proceeding in Madrid on the part ef this gov eminent, but the powers of Europe, it is understood, are doing their utmost to persuade tne Spanish government f A ^rial/4 a-riA A rrra ?a ' -V JTi-lW1 ?uu ?TUU TTC?t? Flgfct Fair, The Spartanburg Herald says: "We are informed that the report has gone out in Abbeville and Laurens counties that L. P. Epton must be defeated in his aspirations to become ComptrollerGenera), because he is a Conservative. We belie vein fair play. Mr. Epton has never belonged to that faction known as the Conservatives. He has been from the first the head of the Beform faciion in this county. He has been the most pronounced and uncompromising Btformer in the count.7 and while a larger number of ta mer Conservatives endorsed his claims for the Comptroller-Gtenerakhip, it was not on political grounds. If these people nave legitimate arguments to use against Mr. Epton, they can use them and this paper will not say a word. We have no candidate, but when delit er^te misrepresenta ins .re made, even though it be against a political opouent, we protest. Mr. Eptoa js a Reformer, he has always beea a Reformer, and there is not a zraa, woman or child in Spartanburg tuat knows him, who ever doubted his loylaty to that faction." ??___ Ordered from tile Maine. A dispatch from Havana says: Ea&ign Powelson, who is attached to ihe Fern, vhile spending some time on the wreck of ihe Maine, was per emtoriiy ordered away by the commander of the Spanish gunboat Le Gtezpe, who toog the position that Mr. Powelson had no right there since the United States flag Had been hauled down from the wreck a'ter the departure of the Lieutenant Commander Wainright. The Augusta Chronicle says "there will be little danger of invasion from either country in the event of war with Spain. The war will be principally upoiUhe ocean and there is no reason 10 be cocksure that it will end in three months. The ocean is a big placa, and battleships might knock around a considerable time upon il without warlike collision. Cuba and Porto Rico will be points of attack, and ihe fighting will be over these is lads. It has bedn held that consumption is hereditary, and the fact tuat one psrson of a family had died with consumption was considered a s ire sign that others of that family could not < scape it. This is partly true and part ly untrue. A man wxin weak lungs ii likely to transmiMha!; weakness to his children. But there is no reason in the world why the weakness should be allowed to develop. Keep the lungs full of rich, red, wholesome blood, and the weakness will disappear. Decaying tissues will be thrown off, and new material will be added until the lungs are well and perfectly strong again. This is the tnxng that Dr. Pierce's G-olden Medical Discovery does. This is what makes it cure 98 per cent, o all cases of consumption where it is taken according to direc tions. It searches out disease germs, wherever they may be in tne body" ons) frtvwo thom Ailr of tho OTTOtam Ii auu itiwvg wuvu v*? w*. MAV HJ H?VU*I 41 supplies the blood with rich, life-giving properties. It makes the appetite good, digestion perfect. Send 21 ceuis in one Cint stamps to World's Dispensary Medical Association, Buffalo, N. Y., and receive Dr. Pierce's 1008 page ' Common Sense Medical Adviser," profusely illustrated. "ocean , but when dangers of that particular channel. In the voyage of life there are many perilous places where we need the help of a pilot who has a thorough knowledge of the special difficulties and dangers to be avoided. In those delicate physical weaknesses and diseases peculiar to women a general practitioner or ordinary doctor has no opportunity to become thoroughly proficient. Still less to be trusted is the advice of any mere nurse or unscientific person. Only a specialist who has given a life of study to this particular field of practice, is competent to treat the diseases f woman's intricate and complicated organi m. Any woman suffering from these delicate troubles may obtain the most eminent pro tessionai advice tree oi cnarge Dy writing to Dr. R. V. Pierce, chief consulting physician of the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical In- i stitute, of Buffalo. N. Y. During nearly 30 years' at the head of his snlendid staff of specialists, he has successfully treated many thousands of cases of obstinate feminine complaints. His " Favorite Prescription " was devised for the sole purpose of curing- the diseases and weaknesses of the feminine organs. No other medicine has been so marvelously I successful in this particular field of prac- s tice. No other medicine so completely 2 overcomes all the dangers and nearly all the pains of motherhood. _ < "It is with pleasure I recommend Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription to suffering ladies," writes 8 Mrs. J. Ferguson, Box 29. Douglas Station. Selkirk Co.. Manitoba. "After suffering untold tortures I thank God I found relief and cure in Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription." The greatest book for women ever pub 1 t. ~ /J CO ^ A iisiicu 13 L/i. o mu3trated "Common Sense Medical Adviser," sent free in paper covers for cost of mailing ( only, 21 on?-cent stamps; cloth-bonnd 31 stamps. Address Dr. Pierce as above. j Ill i I.I n I fc r? mmm mm ^ Iodoform Liniment is the "nee pluultra" of all such preparations in removing soreness, and quickly healing fresh cuts and wounds, no matter how bad. It will promptly heal old sores of long standing. Will kill the poison from ''Poison Ivy" or "Poison Oak" and cure "Dew Poison." "Will counteract the poison from bites of snakes and stings of insects. It is a sure cure for tore throat Will cure any case of sore mouth, and is a superior remedy for all pains and aches. Sold by druggists and dealers 25 cents a bottle. A Happy Home Is increased ten-fold by good Music. Make the most of life by procuring a good PIANO OE OBGAI< Music has a refining influence, and keeps your children at home. it 5 MEMBER J? Fou only iuTest omcfl in a lifetime, pro rid ed you select a good Instrument: ICHALLENGE - ' > ' Anyhouse in Amariea to boat my prices. quality ?nd responsibility considered. TERM. | > To those not prepared to pay cash, I wil) give reasonable time, at a alight difference Warranty, - - '-%J I folly guarantee my Instruments sold as represented. DON'T EAIL T? for ^..ud for illoa citalofuw. .. yours for PIANOS AND OKSA.NS JL MALONE, 1509 MAIN" street, _ - COLUMBIA, 8. c.. Lira FOR THE LIYKB AKDMKj KIDNEYS, as its name imparts, is a stimilator and regulator to I th?se Organs. Js the best after meals mediciimb aid digestion | Prevents Headaches. Cares Hi Blllionsness' Acts on toe Kid- KJ neys.within Thirty minutes.after H t&klzig, relieving aches in the^B "??f thes eor.^g 14ana.1a8B?. H 0? ^ * old lj dtthn gtzejtllj tnd by ^r"" THE MURRAY DRUG CO. JpCOLUMBIA, 8 O. S from Mak* Dirtd to Purcba&r. H SA Good s | Piano g SB win ie?t ? * lifetime " IhMIH give M endless en- Jg Kd *???* g ^ bhs vfliiMtftfew n years and an give endle? H -: <?g Hie ^mMKvezation. ?| 1 Mathushek 3 ? u always Oood, always Reliable, fli w ing. You take no chance* in boy* 91 ? *ft' ooeta aozneirbat more than a 91 SC cheap, poor piano, bat is mach tlx* Oft Sb cheapest In the end. all ?No other Hiarh Grade Pls.no sold bo Mi reasonable. Factory prices to retail 9M boy era Easy payment*. Write a*. 3M I LUDOCN & BATES, S ItTtiuk, 6k. Md St? York Cltj ?1 AddzeM: D. A! PBE88LEY, Afcent COLUMBIA, 8 C tee mm j I? the matt complete tyitem of ?ie*attiu handling, dewing and pacrln* cotton Improves staple, nna labor, makes voq acoef. Write for eaUIognw. no otb-r equalitt. I handle the moat Ik. orated OOTTON bins, FS1SSE8, ELEVATORS. ENGINES AND BOlLJStl to be found on the market My Sergeant Log Beam rfili ?. ;o dmpUdtj and efficiency ? wonder COBX KILLS, 7LANSBS, frANtt . , and all wood working machinery. rj?DD SLL AND TALBOTT trettebeft. Write to me twfore oayine V. O. Badbam, IQcntral Agent, COT,l'MBTA. >4 THE j KEELEY INSTITUTE ? &EEBaTVXLL.E, S. c. ALCOHOL; OPIUM, TOBACCO USING. jgj ' Make no Mistake nor delay. This treatment restores the Diseased ferrous System to its Normal Condition. Re- V alt?a perfect cnre of the Liquor or the V Morphine fiabitand re-establishment of the fill power. Have you a friend who needs he care? Detailed information mailed on i| ^UVAUVII* THE KEELEY INSTITUTE, (or Box 37) Greenville, S. C. (In writing mention this paper.) // ' Unsta, Qt. Irtul hiiiiM. Retail W fkmttiaa. QkM?D?*r4. Sea4 for -