The Fairfield news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1881-1900, September 08, 1897, Image 2

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THE | NEWS AND HERALD. I - Tirunvw/M V ! iJ L L> JjlSJl tjJJ JuVJjLli WOUJM-ic-IS-i. * N E WS AND HERA LD COMPANY. TESTIS, IX ADVANCE: Oati ^Ycar, - - - SI.50 Six 3IoutJis, - - .75 WINNSBORO, S. C. i i Wednesday, September 8, 1S97. >U'LACRIX'S NOMINATION. Senator McLanrin has won on the first ballot over ex-Governor Evans and ex-Senator Irby. lie was nomi-j na:cd by the votes of those called Tie- j formers and Conservatives. While j llr. McLauriti w.?s on the Reform sfde in 1890, he ha? suod for poace, unity j and the obliteration of factional lines. He was opposed to the metropolitan police system in State politics, and he 1 n ?^ rtrTrnnor H35 Qonc 3 ijruai. uvai ii lyiug out factional line* in South Carolina and toward? elevating the politics of the State. To this stand, he owes his nomination. In Congres?, we believe that he has tried to represent the whole people of the State. We may differ with him in some thiugs, but he is unquestionably the ablest representative the State has in Congress. He commands not only the respect of Congress, bnt Le wields considerable influence in it. Mr. McLaurin fully tlho fianse and influence which gave him the nomination, and he pledges himself to act accordingly. A better era ia South Carolina politics began in 1896, and 1x12 nomination of McLaurin shows that the people intend !o Jake no step backwards. Henceforth, iet r?s hope that- there will be no conservatives and reformers, but that all of us will be troe reformers. There is a new alignment for all good citizens.. and it they will realize it a better day is just ahead for South Carolina. The constabulary must go after October 1. This orucr will be executed, and off will come the beads of the cfieials of a system that ha? done more to vrannd and embitter the people of this State than anything else. Governor Eilerbe seems now to appreciate fullv that the people want quiet. They have had enough of constabulary outrages. They have had enough of its tyranny. The removal of these officer?, who have been so oilecsive to a great part of the people of the Si ate, will throw the burden of enforcing the dispensary law, while it lasts, on the cities and towns. The cities and towns shuuld appreciate the situation, and do their fall duty. We have no doubt but that original package stores will open all over the State, and those who don't care to patronize the dispensaries need not o so, but it will nevertheless be the duty of the municipalities to see that thy law is strictly carried oat. The Governor has done the right thing, now let the cities and towns rise up to a high standard and do their duty. They will ho supported by all good citizens. Meet the Governor half way, and let him know that if we can trust him, he can trust us. Ex-Soveiixor Eyax* before the primary claimed that Senator McLaurin's (arifF view? were not identical with Senator fillman's. After the - nrimsrr. ho Rftvs that the Senators' views arc identical. Senator Irby before the primary accepted Tillman's telegrams as the truth, and after the primary he says that Tillman "lied like a dog." All of which shows how scared Evans and lrby are of the wrath of the groat Benjamin before an election. "Likd like a dog" is what ex-Senator Irby says about Senator Tiilman, and gives Mr. Tillman notice that trouble may be ?xpected when they meet. \Xow the question i?, Will they meet? * cnrne r.f Senator Tibv's friends or Senator Tillman's see that these two gentlemen are put under a peace bond? The Slate wants peace, not blood-shea. II lA'TIIEWOOD DOTS. The heat is so intense lo-day very few venture out in it. I do not feel surprised. Metbliibs I see the little grains of sand rolling over in agony, as if trying to .shun the hot sun. Those that are clerking for "'Street A- Wa:ker? will surely be cownelled to make a s-'rikj. Tneir occupation has become too laborious. The merchants' dray wagons arc not running now a? the mosquitoes have ironc oil' to be at their association, or union meeting, rather. Mr. T. X. Price paid our town a j-liingvi-u to-day. Miss Aiiis Vf ootcu returned homo Monday tiiicr spending quite a pleasanttime at Bi:ckstock. Miss Liilie Hood has returned after spcudintr n while at IJatesburg with j her brother. Mrs. Warcilaw and two \ of her children, of Columbia, spent a short while with relatives near here enroute; to see her mother. Mrs. M. 0. Ward is visiting reia-1 nvcs Jit oross in:;, siso .miss j^uen j Bookbart. >b?s Maggie Kennedy has returned hcr.i;e aflcr spending a few months in tV'i uibia a* the guest of Mrs. Morris :.lr. J. W. BJaiu has employed a j :v'.v clerk, his brother-in-law, Mr.; Eugene Price. Business will be so j biisk uo doubt it will require a great j many new clerks to "Wait 011 the j numerous customers this tail. Mrs. Foovcy a:u] daughter, of juoiigtown, is spending a wmie Yruh her sot!. Mr. W. -I. I'oovcy of this j place. Iiidge;vay is very newsy. \vc ii'-Q to; read the act?. ' Sweet Peas" laboring under a j mistake if she thir-ks I did not kiK'W j list mime belongs to a llower: stili it | does not bloom ail the summer.! Mine di! not bio cm at all, for thev j diei. TailV. ' | Ov> v> Itch on human, mange on horses, uog-:- and all stock, eared in CO minutes by '.j'ooiford's Sanitary Lotion. This r.ev r: fai-s. Sold by W- E. Aiken, druggist, Winnsboro, S. C. * / ? - m W?r^rjmirgm MR. WILSON'S PAPER Head Uefore tlie Koa;i Con^re** on the list h August?Some U.st !':!: information and_Goo<l SnsjreHtlons. It is frequently said that t!ie roads of a country are an index of it= civilization. Whatever truth may be contained in that statement, J hay are certainly among the chief factors of development both soci-il and industrial. Yet it only has been within the past 150 vcars that any really systematic j road buiiding has been undertaken. | It is true that magnificent roads were built by Itome and Carthage and other aneient empire?: and even 0:1 this side of the Atlantic, the ancient inhabitants of Peru built roads equal to any lhat j the world has ever seer., iivrne tells ns that the road from Quito Cu?co ran 11,-000 to 2,000 miles through a rugged, mountainous coun'ry, was 20" feet [ wide., and paved with blocks 10 fee; ! square, and had a mailing stream and ja row of shade trees on cmcIi side. Prescott says of this real: l,If was conducted over sierras covered with snow; galleries were cut through the living roc1,: rivers were crossed by means of bridges suspended in the air; precipices were scaled by stair' ' " ?* ?<>?; ?' ? Vie.,1 -jiif! | WHYS IJUWIl UUV Ui. iuu uaux/ i-'ovj ravines of hideout depth were fi led up j with solid masonry." Bat all of these ancient roads were built for military purposes only, and their remains are monuments rather of military despotism than of engineering skill. In 1750 (he roads of Europe were as bad if not worse than ihe road* of South Carolina to-day. "About that time," says Mr. Byrne, "the revival of road construction was almost timultaneons in i Fnorifind and France, and shortly af;er ? , the o:her chief countries of Europe took up the matter/' Ilegarding the condition of the English highwavs at that time, Lord McUauley tells us "it was 110 uncommou thing for the fruits of the earth to rot in one place, when a score ot miles away the people were suffering for the very f>od which was spoiling and almo-t within their, resell. The road? were s> wretched that ihe food con! 1 not be transp rted." Mr. Arthur Y.?nng says of one ot ihe principal E!ig!:>h roads in 1770: ?,I know not in the whole range of language tents sufliden:Ivexpressive ;o describe this infernal roai. Let me nnst seriously caution a!! travelers win* may accidentally propose to travel this terlible country to avoid it as tiny would the devil: cor a thousand to one ttiey break their necks or their limbs by overthrows or breaking down?/' Not until about 1S2C was there any art or science in roadmaking in England, nor anything like a system of improved roads planned on economic principles. In the United States, at the beginning of this century, many roads were projected by the national government, notxbly one from Boston to New Orleans. One of these was oMviqUu- r?nncfrni\f-er1 on ft magnificent scale Irom Cumberland, >ld., lor a distance of 650 miles into Ohio. In South Carolina about 1,200 miles of "State road" were built, and although only dirt roads, they were well located and drained: and although now sadly neglected, are stili the best roads in the State. So excellent were they when properly maintained that the charge for transportation between Columbia and Charleston was only 17 cents per ton per mile, a cost very nearly approach'.dj that on the average macadam road. The railway era commencing about i 100 A a/) ft*/* v.fiWKc offftntiAn 4 r\ J.OOV UiVCilCU IUL" yuu-lio auwuvu iv/ that branch of transportation to the utter neglect of the country roads. And the great development of the railways, of which we may well be proud, has so modified the problem that an entirely different classification from that employed by the earlier engineers :3 now necessary. Long lines of road, leading from'one town to another, formerly State roads, and once the great arteries of trade, and tnc most expensive roads to construct and maintain, have lost tiieir pre-eminent importance; and all our resources are now available for developing the cross-country lines leading from the farms to the local markets and railways and the most expensive roads to construct and maintain i NTn nains should >Darcd to make these the verv b^: rcv.ds which tbe conditions will warrant. They should be located, constructed a.id maintained with the greatest care. ai;d according to the most advanced scientific method?. Their character, that is, grade, width and material, should be determined largely on the same economic principles that govern other great business enterprises. Thv. type or road should be determined by the amount of traffic in view and not by auy arbitrary method, if the expenditure is expected to be a paying investment. A railw built here in accordance with tbe best English practice would be a piece of business folly, because the traffic wouid not pay interest on tbe enormous cost. On the other hand, a narrow guage road built according to the worst American practice of twenty years ago would be no less foolish, for the operating expenses and maintenance wouid more than consume the revenue. Similarly it would be folly for us to build Romau roads here, and | iu main* places 110 doubt good inacadI amized roads; but on the other baud ! nni> rrtnHa ti "> l??^s pvfvarn ( V * ? gaut and costly. There are four types of improved country roads in general use, aud named in the order of their excelleocc and cost they are: Telford, ilcAdam, gravel and dirt road?. Teiford roads take their name from the English engineer who lirst introduced them into that country. His specification for a roa-lway 30 "I?et wide were as follows: "Upon a level i bed prepared for the road material ] a bottom coarse or layer of s:ones is I to be set by baud in the form cf a j close, ?rm pavement. The s:ones set j in the middle of the road are to bs 7 i inches in depth; at D feet from tre centre, o inches; at 12 feet, 4 incise?; at 15 feet, ') inches. They are "to be set on their broadest edges and lengihwi-e j across the road, and th? breadth of the i upper edge is not to exceed 4 inchco in any case. All the irregularities of the upper part of the said pavement are to be broken off by the hammer?, and ali fho infpistifips nri^ to ho flllod with I stone chips firmly wedged or packed by haod with a light hammer. The middle 18 feet of pavement is to be coated with bard stones to a depth of G inches. Four of these sis inches are to be first pat on and worked in by carriages and horses until the surface becomes firm and consolidated, after which the remaining 2 inches are to be put on. The whole of this stone is to be broken into pieces as nearly cubical as possible, so tfcat the largest piece will pass through a 2A iuch ring in any direction. The whoie of the materials J are to be covered with s binding of an inch and a half in depth of"irood gravel free from clay or earth." .Modern piv.ctree has greatly improved upon ibis in several points; in the prepiration of the road-bed, in substituting steam rolling for consolidation by the traffic, and in omi'tingthe top dressing of gravel. Good Telford roads are smooth and fine and remarkably durable and cheaply maintained. They cost from 7o cents to -SI 00 per ?quare | yard, McAdam roads also take their name j from tbe English engineer who ituro-1 dmcd them, and differ from Telford's mainly in foundation. I am unable to quote Mc Adam's original specifications, but the following describes the/ be?t modern practice lor roads of Jigln j traffic. The entire roadway is grav-J clecl to a depth of 0 inchss below the fioi-h ! gri-l* fii'l to t])o r'qnircrl crOif-A:jy p.-isiabio nisi:?& r that tnay t.: I- i ft a: the siib-jrratlc levci :> i' iuov.il unti m?.; space ni;cu | with ^ 'i umteriaU The sub-^m ie suriacj is t!icn 10 Ic 1 with a roller weighini'm tnan 300 p"tin Is per inch of r;.t: lf-.e rolling ;s continued until thu becomes fi-m a;id hard; in no case is i: loss thut live hours per 1,000 jqunre \ard?. Sfuch j parts as cannot be r.achcd by trie rollers are tamped wiih nand rammers. The ground is well sprinkled in front of the roller. On the foundation thus prepared the broken stone is applied ^ - -1 - AW!.hI??na T t I to & DQlSll^U LUJCMiCSS Ul v iUUiWi jh. is spread in two layers; the first is spread to a depth of 4? inches and rolled until the depth is-reduced to 4 inches, water being applied in advance of the roller. A layer of clean sharp sand or screening one inch thick is then applied and the rolling continued until the stone ceases to creep in front of the roller and the thickness is reduced to 3 inches. The second layer is then applied to the same thickness and treated in the same manner. The stone is broken as nearly cubical as possible, and in size does not exceed in | any dimension U inches. These roads are claimed by their advocates to possess all the advantages of Telford roads, but according to Gen. Q A. Gilmore, one of the best authorities, the resistance to traction on them is somewhat greater, as we shall presently see. Under exceptional circamstances they have been built as low as ?0 cents per square yard, but the average cost is about 65 cents. Gravel roads are a cheap substitute for macadam ana as the name implies were originally built with natural gravel. The gravel i-s generally more ? J.J " - J '"" An. TTTAHW I Or 1GSS rouuueu ami naici-nuiu <*uu therefore will not bind together like angular broken stone without the addition of some cementing material like clay. On roads of this class any special preparation of the foundation is generally omitted, and the gravel well mixed with clay or earth is usually spread on the old road in a single layer to a depth of six or eight inches and rolled until the thickness is reduced about 20 per cent, by whieh time it is generally very smooth and firm. The integrity of the surface depends entirely upon the binding power ot clay, which is V2ry consid eraDie in uiy wi-amci) uul h ? va?i_, washed oai by heavy rains, leaving an extremely rough toad; and water penetrates through it and softens the foundation and eventually breaks up tli3 crust of stone. In telt'ord a^d macadam roads the stones are dovetailed and bound together by the long continued heavy rolling uetil the surface becomes almost monolithic. The resistance to traction on grarei road6, accordiug to Giimore, is double that i.i macadam, while Byrne gives the cost of hauliDg over them as 50 per cent greater. They usually cost from locenf-5 to 25 cents per square yard.l \Torvv of cn-falled macadam roads I are constructed in identically the same: manner as here described for gravel except that broken fetone of all shapes and sizes is substituted for gravel. Clay is freely used as a binder to save the cost of rolling and to save stone. Such roads are no better than gravel. Good dirt roads are entirely practicable. The State roads built from 75 to 100 years ago were almost as good as gravel or so-called macadam roads, j and we can do a? well or better now. All disintegrated earth and all perishable material should be entirely removed from the road-bed and ditches, and the road graded to a convex cross senior, falling from the centre each way about 1 in 30. It should then be rolled as thoroughly as specified in preparing the foundation for raacidam,.! A remarkably fine road can be made in ibis way for S cents to 10 cents per square yard. Whatever type of road i3 built the key to success is thorough drainage, i Engineers have recognized this fundamental fact from the beginning. Tel ford and McAdam ^otti insisted upon copious and deep side ditches and ample cross drains, while each had his pet theory abont keeping the rain water from reaching the foundation of his road. Telford's sub-pavement was designed to intercept any water which might percolate through the surface, and McAdam sought to make an absolutely impervious crust through which no water could pass. Every road engineer and every authority on the subject has insisted, almost to the point of tediousncss, on this essential condition. The principle defect in our dirt roads is tlieir great lack of uniformity ?on almost every one of them there are many lengths of really excellent road, but interspersed at s'hort intervals, with mires or gulleys or sand beds or steep grades, over which teams rvinnofc move more than one-third or one-fourth the load that would be passible on the better parts. The ; practical effect is, that the loads are limited by the worst parts, and as far a:> the cost of transportation is concerned the whole road might aln-.ost a* well be bad. I know of a dirt road abouf firteen miles long most of which is almost as hard and smooth as macadam, and on which a horse can easily draw a load of one ton, but there are so many bad places in ii tbat the actual load of teams is les3 than onc-foui ih of that amount. The proper policy to be pursued in , beginning road improvement in the counties of this State, in my judgment is to ^ply whatever money can be rai^eu tor the purpose to these worst ?[:ots, adopting the best type of road at each place vrhich the trafih wili warrant, and then Duucung that roaa in th^ very be?t possible mnner. In this way, with our iimited ^s, t'jfentire county c;;n be coverea at once and all the roads brought up to a: least the standard of the best dir* j roid?, and every taxpayer will at once i get his fail share of ihe benefits without discrim:nation. As the wealth of the cmnty increase*, as it surely will do by reason of the improvement, and as the people learn by actual experience the real value of good roads, IUU avctcui ouuuiu uc caiciiui;u unuu a'l the roads, throughout their entire lecgtb, are metalled This method has been sneered at as a system of patch work, unworihy of the consideration of a progressive community. But, in ray judgment, it would be far better to have all the roads of the county brought up to an equal state of eft" .iencv by well built permanent impi^vem at the worst places, than to have jl, 20 or50 miles of metall?d road, leaving the other 200 or ^00 miles in their present wrevln d state. It is better to have a few ii iles of road constructed in tbe vi rv best manner, and applied where ma>i .leeded, than long lines of cheaply bni t stone road?, many miles of which, perhaps ibut little better than the excellent dirt roads which they I cover. It is true, that to have all the roads leading to a town, highly iuimvwpfl for Rome distance out. is of great value to tbe town, and to the county throagh which they pass, but , when it necessarily ieaves a large , portion of the county without auy improvement whatever, it is unjust i and unwise as a county measure, j Please note, however, that I do not . advocate this system of patching a=? finality, but merely as a beginning of road improvement with the fixed pur- . nose of stopping only with the verv 1 * _ ? J 1 oest macauam on uvery mue ui rui;u i in the county. The question of maintenance is in I my judgment quite as important as) - ~ ~a ^jant=r^rre*r. that of construction, anri any corapreheoMvs measure of road improvement >bould embrace a. compiete reorgani zitlon of the system of road-working. The secret of the success of the Hue roads of Franca is attributed not so much to the thoroughness of construction a? to the prompt and systematical repairs as soon as the slightest defect appears and before it has had time to spread. Whatever roads we build, whether dirt, gravel, or macadam, they cannot be kept in good condition withou' constant daily attention, and this can be accomplished only by an organized and paid lorce of skilled road laborers. Mr. 11. Lawman English civil engineer cxpeiienced in road work, says: "Every road should be divided into lengths, <?ii tacli of which an intelligent laborer, v-ho thoroughly understands his bu-iness, should be placed, to attend onstautly and at all times to the proper j-tate of the road, and for wii ch ne should be responsible. His < tiice would consist in keeping the road alwajs scraped clean and free from imid, and in filling in any rats or hollows tlio moment they appear." Gen. 1>. A. Gilmore in his woik "Roads, Streets and Pavements/' says: "This system of maintenance ot roads of moderate traffic seems open ilin rthi >/?tinn nf hoincr rmru ri 1 v l\J UJG VC'J AyUWit w a. w44iii^vww^44? i.; expensive, but observation and experience have fuUy demonstrated that such is not the case, and that the usti eh in time*7 policy applies here wi'h peculiir and significant force. It ii no on'v vastly cheaper to maintain such a highway iu good condition for a given traffic aaop ed to it than to conduct that traffic on a bad road, but it is also vastly cheaper to keep the road in excellent order than it is to iestore it to tbat sta'e after a period of injurious neglect, during which it has become filled with deep rats ami thickl) covered with oast and mii-1. "A snpital distinction must be made between the method here inculcated, which involves constant and unceasing daily and hourly care of the road in order to arrest tvery incipient tendency 10 deterioration upon its surface, and any and every other method wturevcr, whether by frequent repairs, 01 only occasional repairs: or , Dy repairs oniy at iv>ug luicivaia, IThe French engineers ot the Corps j des Fonts et Cbaus3us were the first to [ give anything approaching an exhan-st tive practical "study to this question. I It was found that in proportion as the intervals between the periods of repairs were shoitened upo ? roads ol small traffic, two important and valuable resulis invariably follow, viz.; that the annua! expense w s lessened, and that the r >ad? were always iu better condition; and finally that the roads were never so <food. nor the ex-1 penee of maintenance so small, as when the system of unremitting and minute attention was jii full operation." I: is objected that South Carolina cannot afford Jto undertake the great work of road improvement; that good roads are a luxury far beyond our limited means. I answer that we cmnot 8lTord not to do so. We are now j actually wasting in unnecessarily expensive transportation far more than the interest ou the cost of an intelligently planned system of improved roads, and handicapping ourselves in the markets of the woTld by this increment in the cost of our products. In Englaud it is estimated that the saving due to improvements in the roads amounts to $100,000,000 aunuallo. In the stale of Illinois it is 6aid that the cost of hauling the farm products to market is at least $15,000,000 more tban it.would be if the roads were all improved,'and that aicb improvement would- add $10,000,000 to | the value of the farms. In one county ID xnamua wueic iwuo usw macadamized the increased value of the farms is estimated by their owners ?.t $9 per acre. ' * Tbe following table from Gilmore's "lloads, Streets .and/Pavements" gives tbe tractive force necessary to move a load of one ton.upon several kinds of road surface: . Best stone trackway. 12k lbs. Telford road 4G lbs. Macadamized road 80 los. Note the difference between Telford and McAdam: I Gravel road 140 lbs. [ Note also the great difference here: Common earth road 200 lbs. This fairly represent?) the relative cost of hauling over roads of these kind, but what is more to our purpose is Mr. II. T. Byrne's table giving, the actual cost of hauling a load of one ton a distance of one mile on level ? ? ? ."5 ~ ^ 4- nnrrArviAVsIn " ?-? ruauways Willi umucui ^avcuicuv: in | the usual condition in which they arc maintained" and the following items are taken from it: Iron rails. lie. Macadam, dry and in good order..USc. Macadam, covered with mud 14c. Macadam, in rats and mud 26c. Gravel, loose 52c. Grave!, compacted 13cNote the difference between this laft item and macadam : Earth, dry and hard.... ? 18c. Eartb, in ru.s and mud.. 39c. Sand, dry 61c. The department of agriculture at Washington estimates the average distance farm products are hauled, in the cotton states at 12.6 miles, and the average c;st at 2.5c per ton per mile. I do not know wtiat the total tonnage on the roa<1s of South Carolina amonnts to, bat 1'or the year ending June 30, 1396, the railways of the State han 1 Je-1 4 642,000 tons. Of course a great deal of this simply passed through the State, bat most of it was handled within the State, at <-?ne or both ends, with horses and wagons. These figures do not include freight moved by waier transportalion, nor the vast amount of produce, wood and lumber hauled to the towns for h cal consumption. All thing? consult'red, I do not think 4,000,000 tons an exee.-sive estimate of the annual iraffi.: over the road? of the State. Taking the average distance at 12 G miles, ai'd mw avtjjage cost per mile at 25c, the total expenditure in this State for wa^on transportation is $12.690.UU0 rer annum. On- well kept macadamized roads the same traffic could be conducted for $3,150,000, saving $9,450,000; on good gravel ji_ -L. j. i,i i oc zer\ r\r\r\ I roaus mu cost, wuuiu u<; saving $0,040,000, and oil good dirt roads $9,080,000 saving $3,520,000. This enormons sum, borrowing the expression of Judge Thayes of Iowa, is annually sacrificed to thn mud fiend. But startling as these figures arc, there are doubtless some sections of the State in which, were the actual facts available, a more enormons waste tban this would appear. In order to accomplish road improvement on a Droad, substantial and economical basis it should be made a State, as well as a county, issue. Roads bliould ' he built and maintained with a view ^ of moving the traffic at the least cost, ; - ? j ~ i i-i i? i~ .. l.. r.. .1 .3 ?. . I 5 ana bDUUiU ue iargejv luucyciiucui ?m county and township lines. The traf- ! fic is not confined by these lines., and 1 canaot be intelligently treated under such artificial divisions. Many of the most important lines of trade cross the county lines, and yet under the usnal county administration they < ?von!d be neglected in favor of these < leading to the court house. < <lTLe experience of Europe in road ( improvement," says Byrne, "shows 1 oU/N^T/1 Ur, + I 1 LflSl LUC IlJ^UWJiy 3 ouv/uiu ut iao.cn n? i much as possible out of the h^nds of * !( cal authorities and administered by | j jit her national or State government j1 ,n ac:ordiftice with the n<?eds of the'-* people who nfc the roads: and that as j ihe whole pubii; Is benefitted by good roads, therefore a!! should par for | their improvement aiul maintenance. | Jims vie;*,' 01 tne suujcct is noi new i;; , the United States, far Washington | recommended in a letter to Patrick Henry that the roads of Virginia be taken away from the control of the county courts and given to the State authorities. One of "Hamilton's pet schemes was that of road improvement, andhe recognized thoroughly that roads left to local authority would never be satisfactorily built.'"'' I do not entirely agree wun tne views nere presuuiuu. i but believe that both county .and State ! should take part in the work. AI cl^ree of technical skill is required in j planning a general system of trans-! portation, and determining the typoof road best adapted to each particular case, which the couutic? cannot or will not secure when acting alone. A vast amount of technical data needs to be collected and recorded for the general u-cof the counties. Maps of the entire road system should be prepared andproiiles obtained on the most important lines. The trafllc, b.Hh present and prospective, should be carefully estimated on every section of road, and aiso the C3st of conducting it, in order to determine intelligently what improvement if any, would be made advantageous. This work can be done only by a technical department of the- State government, which could at t!.c same time exercise a general supcrvi-ion over the operations of construction and maintenance. Sinp.p. thft o.ntirc State is kcnriiled by road improvement iu the increased taxable values, if in no other way. ir should bear a portion of the expo i-c, particularly for inter-county roads. The lands along the lines of the improved roads arc benefited more than any others and should bear a spcoial part of the burden. Upon the counties would ot course fall the remainder of the expense. 15 per cent of the amount needed mi^ht be assessed upon improved property within one ^o.;T/v A^' Wa vAn /I "*. f nn ,7 n i _ LUUC Ui liiw lvawj / jyixi. ooiu \jn lu.i.tr proved property within that distance, and 5 per cent'on all property between one and two miles: provided that none of the property is separated from the road by an impassable barrier, 50 percent inigbt be raised by county bonds, and 25 per cent appropriated byiheSt-ife. Suo'i a plan would be a incentive to road improvement-, tor cur.iiio-i and communities would ui >h: reanily tax tacmseives in I order* ' > i-it f o advantage? of State! aid. Mi-li has i,eon the experience in New Jersey wh'.-i c a similar law ! a? been in force lor >everal vcars. Of eonrsK the amount wlncb thrt State can expend is very limited, bul if Gen. Butlers suggestions were adopte and ? 100,000 per year appropriated, in ten years $?,000,000 wonitl have | been f-x;>i ndc<i: * sum .-nfil i -nt t-? j macadamize manv (A' il.c :n %s-t im-j portant 1 ms, :md all of tt.e ,;.vor-'. place?:" an i '!? _ people "wonid hrr ! tared *onii:ihing like fi',00'm.'OO an-! nuaUv* -?r 100 per cent on the Hit1 lit The mniscr nrca-smv l't.r uiatnti--: nance should be raise I lar^c! / by tax on dranalit animnl= and. ivnid- s. This won!tl rcnch ttic peopl-' ino.sl inteiested, and would dis::ibu:i; the burden very nearly in propir.ion to the benefits derived. I am tc.hi that in France a road tax of $1.93-per wheel is imposed upon bicycles and tricycles, and $1 82 per wheel on all nthpv TOhpfls ThA<5f? fiorjirftS seem Irish, but L hav.i vot had time to verify them. If u.-ed wisely in road maintenance, them are very few people who would object to a reasonable road tax on horses and vehicles. Since every man, even if he only walk?, is benefited by good roads, a moderate poll tax in place of the present road service should be imposed, with possibly some-provision for its payment in labor under very strict regulations'. . We Told You S?>. The Augusfa, Ga., Evening Xews editorially epoke of r. remedy -which I has long be-" rc?ded for the cure of Dyspopsia, Chronic Diarrhrea, Children Teething, and all Stomach troubles, containing no opium, morphine, laudanum or other hurtful drug. The name is Norman's Neutralizing Cordial. Norman's Indian Worm Pellets win remove an cjasses 01 wmms. Price only iio and 25c. Sold by all. druggists' UPPER LOXGTOWX. Our farmers have finished pulling the fodder from their early corn. Some planted on crceks, also some planted after oats remains to be pulled yet. The corn crop is fine in this section; most of our^farmers 'will make a plenty of corn to do them. The cotton crop v/ill fall far short of what we'expccted. Cotton 0:1 sandy lands has sbed nearly all of its unmatured fruit. The gray and red ? 1 lunus un; uisu aucuuiug uunoiuui auij i The crop will not be as iarge as Jast year's. Peas and po-tatoes are cioing* -won considering the dry weather wo .ire now having. Sorghum cane is Ihv this year, not much of it planted j though, as usual. Longtown now boa*ts of two saw i mills. Mr. J. D. Harrison has one on ; his plantation in lower Longtown, j which has been running for some- j time. The other, which be:ongs to Mr, Ben Castles, has just been i .--on1 ly j" set up in upper Long-town oi; .Mr. 1 D. W. Tidweil'9 place. Mr. and Mrs. L. T. "\Vi;d?, their! daughter, Miss Anna, and the ro- | maining members of tne family, have been glimmering in Lorjjitotvn. have returned home, much to the re zvrt of their many friends. Mr. Howell Jones of iowcr Long- j town, left recently tor tho mountain?! in North Caro'ina to recuporate. Mr. J. D. Jlarri?on and daughter. J Miss Anna, who attended the reunion j, in Greenville, have returned and rc-j pore a pleasant time. .Miss Anna; acted as sponsor for Camp Ilion. \ Mr. Jno. W. Seller, of Winnsboro, hus been clown on a visit to relative? and friends. Miss Wolfe, of Orangeburg1, is visit ing among relatives and friends here. Mormonism bas for sometime past been tbe ali-ibsorbing theme of conversation here The excitement over ; the whipping of in^ two ciders and 1 the arrest of somn <>f tno parties yet remains in?? nee A.t t!ic preliminary ' hearing n? Kidgcwav oji Monday there was the tersest crowd of white men ' present c-v->r so n u>s >:nb!ed there. Mormonism roceives >mnIi sympathy ( from thp pf?"p!n of :}i- section. T;s ?aid that iheir are corrupt inn iuimorti and d:in\;rriins to the ^eucal welfare. ih: ? uprising iirain?t them \Ve thiui it be>t for j ill parties couccrucd for them to re- \ main away. k. ji i>. f Sept. o, ici'J.. i c Jlellef in Six Hour*. | ^ Distressing Kidney and Bladder die-! iase relieved iu six hours by -'Xi:\v j i Siieat South American Kidney 1 Jure." It is a great snrprisc onac-M .mint of its oxeecr!in?r w\)m!>tnc>s i:>ll elievini: pain the bladder, kidnoysjl lud back, in male orfemale. li'-J'.cvc -! etcrjtion almost u:mo-i immediately. j f yon want quick tcliof and cure t'ds his is tliC remedy. S .id by W E. J Yiken, druggist, Winnsbcr^. S. (.' * i 11 n?^mmnunrmrrgm '*irTi:irr ,^~*>r-i^rl jr.y kixs vi l r r.: ots. Gccctl ncvr.< frcn: i'io oicctiop. good news from the Klondike, and irood cioprepnH* from thi? .^ecuoo, a 1 s = 1 we should inuc^.; i.e. ?\-atcfnl .'or the bountiful harvest in prospect. If we could only hear of a substantial rise in the cotton market the hearts of our farmers would assuredly rejoice. Scfhc were so unfortunate as to lose a portion of their fodder, but much ^as saved, together with a good deal of Cotton picking has begun in earnest, and we will soon bo able to supply our town factory, which promises to run so briskly, at an early date. On the first Sunday in August a protracted meeting began at Little River Baptist Church and close I on the following Thursday. The Rev. Manning Connors, pastor of Summerton and Calvary churches, of Clarendon County, assisted f le pastor. Rev. E. A. McDowell. Daring the next week a meeting of some days was held at Shiloh Methodist Church. The Rev. Mr. Ingraham, of Blackstock, -i - -i i-i a ~> r_. ^ r: n~.. "L>/s*u assisieu iuu pastor, iur. Jimei. uuuj of these meetings wsrc well attended, and although there were not many accessions, the churches were spiritually strengthened. Mr. Ingraham has since held a meeting at Monticello church with good results. A meeting is now in progress at the old Brick church; the liev. Mr. Galloway, of Gastonia, X. is assisting Mr. Kirkpatrick. A few of our p3ople have the gold fever, and are considering the best route to Alaska. Some of them ex(ft co<l nn -(ho cfnorvusr TOhif?h I. \J UUil kl T r uivu leaves Charleston in February lor the gold fields. With] "great heap3 of shining gold" in prospect human nature will risk mucb, and we are not surprised to hear that so many are willing to undergo the hardships of a trip to this far-famed region in the hope of finding a few nuggets. Miss -;Naanie Chappell is at borne again after a sojourn of two months in the up country. Miss Lois Chappell has resumed teaching near Djnaid'j?, Abbeville county. Miss Madie Chappell has been elected teacher of the school near Salem .1 ?u:., VlllUCiJ iil 11113 WUUl \ ? Miss Mamie Crooks, of Newberry county, v\ it! teach at bhiloh academy during the hext school term. Miss Iie'tic Yarborougti is imw in Spartaubunr, where she ii taking a business course at Converse College. Misses Susie Yarborougb, Essie Holley and Qaeenie Swygert will leave in a few days for Hock Hill to become pupils of Winthrop College. Misses Cora and Gertrude Herring, Willi Miss Annie Schroder, of Coluinbia, have been visiting friends in this section. The ladies of Shiloh church realized a nice sum from an ice cream festival given sometime since. The members of this church purchased an or-rac this summer and the proceeds of the fet'ival will aid in paying for it. tua Tux-* X LiV JLtU JJUMd vi lilio VlUilli.LV 11U.VC docldcd to "make an c-fl'ort to build a parsonage in the near future. A lot has been donated for that purpose, and we hope ore long to sec this building, which has been so long needed, in course of erection. Miss Adeline Goings died at her home near here on the morning of the 23rd alt., alter a long and painful illness. She with her.sister, Miss Emmeline, have lived together among us for manvvears, and we will miss them both, as Miss Emmeline will in future live with her- sister, Mrs. Germany, near the Quarry. Mr. J. IC. Cook, after spending a short time at home, returned to dewberry. His health improved while there and his, physicians advised his return to that nlace. y. Sept. 4;1S97. Something to Know. It may be worth something to know that the very best medicine for restoring the tired out nervous system to a healthy vigor is Electric Uitters. This medicine is purely vegetable, acts by giving tone to the nerve centres in the stomach, gently stimulates the Liver and Kidnevs, and aids these organs in throwing off impurities in. the blood. Electric Bitters improves the appetite, aids digestion, and is pronounccd by those who have tried it as the very best blood purifier and aerve tonic. Try it. Sold for 50c. or SI.00 per bottle at McMaster Company's Drugstore. liLYTIlEWOOD AFFAIRS. W. P. M. requests as a special favor that we inform bim of the nature of Blylhcwood's boom.' We are sorry our inquisitive brother is so far behind, the time?, but if he can spare enough time from compounding drugs to visit us, any of our hospitable citizens will gratify- his cariosity by showing bLu over our thriving and peaceable little village. We had quite a nice little rain last j night, but the weather continues very warm. Cotton is opening fast. Several bales have alreadv been ginned at thi3 i placc. Nearly all t;.e frnit in Miis section is | over with except haw?, which are voy ! plentiful, and seem 'o Jv much enjoyed this ?ra?o>i of tv?e y.-?r. Mrs. M. 0. Ward :-:d Mi-s E:icn Bookhai'tit are on a vi-it t.> their sister, Mrs*. Brown, of (>< .? I'll. Miss LI Hie Hood :i:k returned home ; after spending a mnn'li i > Hate^'mrsf. i The member* of s.-im! . Lr-vei ;?re b'lildiojr a new font ri>s?-o. If will he :i very nice an ! st-v.Kiai one when completed. Miss Lois Clinksca'.es = at homo igain after visiting sovcral -lay* at tLidgeway. Mrs. Ooopcr and Mi?-* -locd, who have been visiting relative.- here, have returned ro their home in Atlanta. Miss Willie Poovev is visiting her brother, Mr. V,\ J. Puovey. Miss Alice "Wooren is at home again after having spent, several weeks in | blackstock. Mr. Eugene Price is now clerking I Pnv hie KrnrhAr.inJotr VI r .T \V T^lnin ! Mrs. J. L. u ardlaw spent a night md day at B'.ythewood last w-^k en route to hrr brother*!?, Prof, bnrbam. Mr. J. li. Kennedy left vest erday to :ake a position in Lancaster. Mi>s Lattie Macon i? visiting relaives in Columbia. Mr. J. O. Hathcock spent several lays here last week. Sweet Pea'. *| Sept. 1, 1SD7. Intelligent Women. Xo longer doubt tho value of Be!atry's Gossypium. They open!v acknowledge that it does positively cure he multitude of .painful ailment3 pe- j :u!:ar to women. Mrs. J. W. Sptnks, Jackson. Miss., vrites: "I have used Bellamy's Gosypium in my family for female weakie?s and menstrual disorders with jest restiits, when all others failed.''' Jrice $1 prepaid anywhere. Sold by }rt??gi-::s or by iJellamv Mr'g. Co... \ 0. 103. Atlanta, Ga. I (b Kk 3 n ? OE^tss^BgaMapBa^ ; pm urtw L.& i i trc \ i To MOTHERS. WE ARE ASSERTING IN TI-IE COURTS OUR RIGHT TO THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE WORD "C ASTORIA," AND PITCHER'S CASTORIA," AS OUR TRADE MARK. I} DR. SAMUEL PITCHER, cf Eyamis, Massachusetts, jj ^ J-l-n (i PiTOJ-5 PP'Q PAQTnPi A " -fho on mo | LUL13 Lilts 07 lyi/LUL'JI LJ * 4 * ^ vnv V ?ir*j t/ic/v uwmv I r/zd /2G5 Oor/ie c/zd e/oes // &??r-* ^ euerz/ I bear the facsimile signature of wrapper. | This is the original" PITCHER'S CASTORIA," which has been used in the hones of the Mothers of America for over thirty ^ | years. LOOK CAREFULLY at the wrapper and see that it is the hind you have always bought //^/t ^ on the ^ and has the signature cf wrapper. No one has authority from me to use my name except The Centaur Company of which Chas. H. Fletcher is March 8,1887. qJL??C a, ,p. Do Not Be Deceived. A Do not endanger the life cf your child by accepting J&mi a cheap substitute which some druggist may offer you IjlBB - ? i* A .1 (because lie makes a lev/ more pennies on itj, tne in- ^ gredients of which even he does not know. '"Tile Kind Yon Have Always Bonght" SIGNATURE OF - - ~ v gr or & Insist on Having The Kind That Uiver Pailed You, . 5 J THE eCNTAUR COMPANY, 77 IflU.'lh.r 6TRCCT, NEW YORK CITY, I I CALDWELL & RUFF. f I V ?? a? OUR FALL STOCK IS NOW S" arriving. Our buyers have been over the Northern markets and found many bargains. Come and see thej Goods whether you are ready to buy or not. ^ We got ahead of the tariff and prices will be as low as ever. CALDWELL & KUFF. M jfLfL Never a | V/f0 f,\\ t Pinch? Jl ^ 0 Never an "ovdil" or an "oh!" t~Zr-r-A J]W when the shoes fit. Fit is the \\ \ 7T\ I most important thing in a shoe \\ \ 11 \ n and we give more thought to <?** >Q getting shoes that are built on * * T' ' ' -1- C J" W/W+ J s ngnx lining: icoi-xorui moucu> iu<ui wt w wwv ?^7 ,? ? point Youll find us the comfort givers in shoes if yot/11 profit by j j | our experience. The ^ ? ... 11 1 best makers make j | | the shoes we sell. a sfEE ? ? !j Makers whose names |j I are a synonym for I ^ ftSoOiv | honesty and solidity. j| * | oftheshees u , S ! | It costs you no more ? that yoa buy. ^ j to get this sort of shoe ;j | Here. That's the rea- j jj son Y?^r comfort and jj || 7ota economical in- j I? are 1 | ? * .J r^rJgin^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ j L SEE MY LIXEjOF I E^t!J![d;Winter, Clotliiisf i;"of Men, Sovs aid Cftta, . ^\r<.n\- Cutnir.-ivs. S;icks' and Frocks. Thcv arc 'Kverv swell"; tlicv '? *''v" " v ' 7 J J * ? B V are n<cw; they are becoming. Try them. You'll like them. Good clothes rigrlitly av'-II tailored, are the first credentials, no matter what your vocation, be you banker, merchant, doctor, clerk, mechanic, lawyer or labo.er. ('lollies are the outward expression of yeur taste and judgment a from the first, and therefore the most lasting impression. ! Buy Good Clothes, Becoming Clothes, Clothes that are cut Illciue Jit li^m. ^ | Q. 13. WILLIFORD. iYs'rimilYr j'l'ffrYrrtYriViiriiVr i*Yrr iVrViV?VVrriVr A'it r*Y?/1Y1Y llYrVVlY? fVz uiitmYrVr IPOWSriVANU SINGER MACHINE! % Cn'v \ S?f!T 0N I' 'ZOLIR MAKE 'il bWcOv CAYS'TRIAL i | ?? < py. " i o ;?% fey. 'JMRaamsD FOR % i FSV? YEARS. I % 2 ~ %Z/A % k'A. STYL- L!!<? CUT IN THIS ?AD.? ?? | ? \y\7^4 ss I ^"ri Latest Improvements: ? ?? &?? :; l, --^setting Needle, Self-threading Shut- ? i'r^ % ' %!| \ V^Hi t!e* Autoinatic Bobbin Winder, Loose % I CASH ji {{% .Vl.i W'li$ a Balance Wheel, and Full Set of Attach-1 I-TV,, Finest Cabinet Woodworking i ?? u?LJC.ri fcz Antique Cak cr Black Walnut. | I 3 Monty _3y _________ 2? j % fs ke?OLCS FSR ftLU KACHISES, 25 CERTS A OOZ?K. % ! J w???uWI LL?TS & CO., ^ *" 1 ?&WtfA\VAVAVAW/AW/?^ Vr^? t"