Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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A GOOD DOCUMENT." [CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE . tural country is not only dependent, but poor, and the poverty of the South is due. not alone to the desoiation of war, but to the lack of the ar:s and industries which have made the North rich. At the same time we should not in our zeal to fester manufactures commit the fatal blunder of ne?iect ingor of failing to protectcur agricultural interests, which lie at the basis of all prosperity. Capita1, it is said, is co^ardiy. At any rate it seeks a solid basis for investment. We ought on this account, to inspire in the outside world the confidence that legitimate investments made in South Carolina shall not be disturbed by un.j jst legislation and, at the same time, ve should protect and encourage industries already St blished. If weiigidly pursue this policy during tne next decade we shall be able to double the material wealth of the State, and thereby to reduce the rate of taxation by increasing our taxable property. DISPENSARY. The most difficult and perplexing problem with which the people in all civilized countries should contend is that of the liquor traffic. All the efforts of the Legislators to cope with tfie h?dra-headed monster of alcohol ism nave been unsatisfactory anci ineffectual. Prohibition has Tbesn tried repeatedly in different States, and while it has failed to check drunkenness, it has encouraged hypocrisy, evasion or open violation of the^ law. Its advocates are unquestionably inspired by the loftiest of motives, but human nature remains forever the same, and while Legislators may enact laws for the punishment of crime, they can never force men to become virtuous or sober. _ So vast a problem as that of the liquor traffic demands for its solution - the co-operation ana combined wisdom of all the people. Local option cannot, therefore, settle it except temporarily and to a very limited extent. The open saloon is a constant menace and a disgrace to civilization. As is well known I was at first not an advocate of the dispensary jaw, and I was sceptical as to its ever being a success in anv form. I cannot, therefore, be considered as unduly biased m its favor, and I have arrived at my pressnt conclusion in regard to it somewhat against my i will. The opinion reached by me after a through investigation of its working throughout the State, and after having the views of a good many intelligent and good men, is that the law is a great improvement over the old license system and tbat it deserves to be fully tried in its present form before there is any radical change made. The proof is overwhelming that there , is less drunkenness now than formerly, and that the consumption of liquor has been largely decreased. This is acknowledged by every fair-minded man, and that the masses of the people are averse to returning to the license system in any form is very evident to any uian who has mingled with them. Having stated my opinion as to the policy the State should pursue I feel it my duty to enter at pnina Iflnnftl a n CQ S Tt d TTiPT" ZWg i* MJ.V ?? Vi ? its of the law, ard point oat the severe tests to which it has been subjected. It is not saying too much to assert that it has never had a fair chance. Enacted during a period of intense political activity, when prejudice and party spirit were runninshigh, it was opposed by many on political grounds "purely;?without consideration of its ?' purpose or merit, and every possible obstruction thrown in its way. The j Federal Courts, by injunctions, have i crippled its enforcement seriously. After the Darlington trouble had been auieted the decision of the Supreme Court declarmg.'the the law unconstitutional came to undo all the work that had been done- While it demonstrated the utter futility of prohibition it at the same time initiated the sale of liquor without license in every neighborhood and many who then began the nefarious traffic have never ceased to follow it, and are still selling liquor as much as they dare. Of what use is it to argue that the Qfo+a limirsT to its eiti- I UUVUAVL - zens of reap a profit from the "blood money," as some term it, when they advocate licensing its sale and thus sharing in the profits made by the private dealer? One system is iust as immoral as the other, "if there is immorality in either. Bat the monopoly of the sale by the State enables it to control in a measure and minimize the evil, and the profits, which are but of secondary consideration to the State, are shared by all the people. On the other h?nd the licensing of its sale to private parties would create a monopoly just as certainly as the existing one ?a private monopolv, wh:ch has never been and never will be controlled by law, and the profits which then I become the paramount object are j shared by the State and the barkeeper, j There is a monopoly m eitner case, j and the State in one instance reaps all j the profits and seeks only to promote ! the cause of temperance and reduce tiie evil to a minimum. In the other the profit goes largely to private individuals and there is no thought of reducing the consumption of liquor and promoting sobriety, while experience has shown beyond dispute that private gain stimulates the sale in every way possible and encourages the evil." There are no '"back stairs" or "side doors" to the dispensaries, but there never was a bar room which did not sell liquor on the sly on public occassions when the law required it to be closed. The dispensary is open only in the day time and when ordered to | be closed, as on circus cays and during ! Fair week in Columbia, they were j closed, and but few drunken men j could be found in the city, though the crowd was immense. The State can ati'ord to lose the profit on such occasions, but under no system of license has it ever been possible to shut the bars- Private greeu is not to be thus controlled and herein lies tiie great merit of the system. Then the closing of the dispensaries at j night and the destruction of treating by forbidding the sealed packages being opened on the premises?these three features are the ones which make the dispensary law popular in spite of "'shortages'' in dispensers accounts and "rebates," whether real or imaginary. Let us try then to perfect tne system and punish dishonest dispensers, rather tiian try the old plan, which-n-e know is less conducive to sobriety and good morals. Now, in regard to the administration of the law and the prevention of fraud and ^ T orm triof- an . I 5 ?t JL, aC vi OU4 V W"A v tsiuk AU T VW?P>^?? tion-will show that a great deal has been said about "rebates" received by the officers charged with the execution of the dispensary law that has little foundation,but should the contrary be shown I feel that a system can be devised or is already in forc=-: which will free the law from criticism on that score. My experience in the Comptroller General's office satis lies me that the business can be conducted in such a way as to prevent stealing or detect and punish it if the dispensers or other officers connected with the dispensary attempt it. There is no reason why such checks and safeguards cannot be devised as will protect the States 'interest as thoroughly as :n the collection and disbursement of taxes ard I ^ ;f*w- ' ~" ~'~* * .-'-f ' '-!, \K-~ ' - r> \^..- :fL;\ .*; <& - -J-. ~/s, V ' >*g*rs Jyc^T' m W -/.? GOVERNOR W. H ELLER3E. 1 J other public money. The dispensary h?s become a part of the fixed policy of the State, and as long as our present Constitution remains intact it is the duty of the Governor to see that, laws governing: it are enforced, and' it is the duty of all law abiding citizens to labor for the same end, or it least to submit to the provisions of the law. I believe the dispensary comes nearer to the solution of the liquor problem than any other scheme yet proposed by man. It may be necessary to modify the law, but constant changes are to be deplored. The dispensers should | be honest men, selected without regard to partv affiliations, and when - " - * ? _n . j* I convicted of crime, snouia oe nanaxea ; like other criminals The chief dispenser, the board of control and all the higher officials should be men whose horesty cannot be reasonably questioned and who should hold their I places on account of fitness and not for political reasons. An institution is known by its fruits, and it is simply a question whether prohibition or the dispensary system will do most to diminish drunkenness and its accom- { panying ills. Upon moral grounds and only upon moral grounds the dispensary must stand or fail. The profit feature is of secondary consideration. EDUCATION?THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. That it is the duty of the State to provide for the education of her children is now almost universally conj ceded. He belongs to the past, and f not to the present,..who hopes to cneck I the growing demand for popular eduI nation. The enemies or* the public school will find the entire drift of modern civilization against them. All the leading nations of the earth have founded and are still endeavoring to perfect systems of popular education. Witness "Germany with 19 per cent. | and France and England each with 16? per cent of their population in the schools. To be relegated to the rear i is the fate of every State that fails to I provide for the training of her chili dren. Witness Spain, once the leading Power of Europe, with only 10 per cent; Italy, once the home of art and science and culture, with 9 per cent; Turkey, at once the shame and dis-1 grace of Europe, with per cent: Mexico, with and Brazil, with only 3 per cent of her population at school. The whole history of modern civilization teaches that In the struggle for supremacy the sceptre of domin;on passes not to the State most richly blessed by nature, but to the State that best succeeds in training its citizens for all the duties of life, both public and private, in peace and in war. In comparison with cold and Lleak, New England the South is a parsuis~ And ye: it must be cenfessed bv all fair minded men that long before the desolating: cyclone of war had swept over our fair fields power and dominion were already rapidly passing to the North. We were already approaching a condition of intellects 1 bondage in the . South. It has been estimated by eminent authority this section paid annually to the North, for many years before the war, not less than live million dollars for books and education. When New England established her free public schools and strengthened her system of popular instruction she armed herself with the power to wrest supremacy from the South, which was content with private and parochial schools, and to make good her claim to leadership far more effectually than she subsequently secured in the surrender of | Lee at Appomattox. This is said in no harsh criticism of the generation of men now rapidly passsing from the stage, whose courage and fortitude were tested in a hundred hard fought fields, whose "energy made bricks without straw, and spread splendor amid the ruins of their war wasted homes," but for the purpose of emphasizing a truth which cannot be too deeply impressed upon t?e minds 01 me men into wuuso i hands is committed the solemn respon- j sioility cf moulding the destiny of the j State and cf making her future not i unworthy of her proud, inspiring past. To see our own shortcomings and to rise with firm will to correct past mistakes is the part of wisdom. Vain conceit in a State is no more to be admired than in an individual Our schools are not what they ought to be. In the opportunities they offer their yout b for education the Northern and Western States haye left us far behind, and this for reasons beyond our control. The war left us confronted by the most serious educational problem ever thrust upon a free people?the problem, it has been well said cf educating tnree times the number of children with one-third the money. The war not only robbed us of more than 50 per cent of our taxable property, but it added, at a single stroke, to our school population hundreds of thousands of illiterate exslaves. In spite of desperate odds we hpfvn moving forward, but the battle is not yet won. South Carolina has not yet regained her once proud position in this great Republic. She can never regain it until her people rising above ail partisan hatred, unite in one heroic effort to make our system of public instruction inferior to none. It is thus, and thus only, that'we shall triumph in the end. We should develop our mines, build factories and . improve the fertility of our soil, but our highest, our most saored duty, now and evermore, must be to improve the quality of our citizenship. ; to develop the minds and hearts of the ; rising generation, for upon tceir intelligence, virtue and patriotism the iestiny of our State depends. In a monarchy in an aristocracy, a few great and good men may govern the State wisely and weli, but, in a government of the peopie, for the people and by the people, illiteracy is a shame and a disgrace, and a constant menace to the safety of the State. All good citizens should unite in the effort to improve our public schools, to lengthen the school term especially in -u- ~ me cjumry, tw - tion oi public libraries. 10 inaugurata system of university extension that shall carry science and culture to eager minds grasping after better things, to increase the number and etliciency of the farmers' institutes no ^conducted by the authorities of Ciemson College." in this great work of educating the rna?ses I pledge my unvr&vering sup nMyEacsa???pgacan - aaagsag?aaBna port and sympathy. To cur higher institutions of learn-j in? the public schools must look for J efficient, welt trained teachers. De- [ stroy or cripple our colleges and you destroy or cripple all hope cf better public schools. As a stream cannot rise higher than the fountain head, so will teaching in the public schcols remain low and unsatisfactory until those who are to engage in this work j seek the better to equip themselves in : the higher seminaries of learning. Nor is this ail The primsry school, it is said, has a right to live because it 3cs people ;or the duties of citizenship. But for hat duties? To read, to write, to cipher? Does this St for the duties of citizenship? For the lowest, perhaps, but what of the highest? Do not the highest duties require the amplest scholarship, the highest and noblest training that can be given? Can the free school fit for the highest duties of statesmanship? Assuredly not. For the solution of great and oftentimes perplexing problems, involving peace and prosperity of all the people, the State stands in constant need of men of the highest scholarship, of thepiofoundest knoweledge of law men whose mental grasp is large enough to sweep the whole Jiori-1 zon, men able to rise above local or j even State interest?, and to ?.ctfor the common good of the people of all the States. It is the chief pride and glory of our State to claim for her sons men whose names are forever inscribed in the history of this nation. Such were Legare and Sims and Timrcd and Havne and Preston and McDuffiie, and "the great Calhoun. From her hills and valleys may there still go forth men who shall not only bless their State and nation, but humanity itself. Again does the common school train men for the professions of law cr medicine? Does it equip for scientific pursuits? Does it send out expert chemists and geologists and engineers and scientific agriculturists 1 It can never ::rain men for the manifold pursuits and professions open to the ambitious youth of the State. For tbese we must furnish nee Jed training in seminaries of learning, or look to other Slates to do lor us wtiat we snouia ao ourseives and spend money abroad for what the State could supply. Against such a fate State pride and patriotism alike rebel. Such a disaster would fall with crushing weight upon the sons and daughters of the poor, who would be unaole to meet the expenses of an education at the North- But we are told that higher education in South Carolina costs too much. Does it not cost less than anywhere else in the world? Harvard, with her three thousand students, has an annual income of more than a million?a cost of $400 per student, and this, too, witti no account taken of the millions already invested in buildings and books and scientific equipment. And yet who will say that the vast sums invested in this great university fail to bring in adequate returns? Does Virginia complain of the $100,000 annually spent for the five hundred young men at her University? Have not Michigan and Wisconsin and Minnesota and Nebraska and California been amply repaid for the millions in recent years devoted to higher education? A tax of $100,000 for higher education in South Carolina means but little more than 50 cents for every thousand dollars of taxable property. Such a tax, even were there no adequate returns, is no burden to anyone. But it does bring adequate returns in manhood and womanhood. It does. I believe in the long run, pay for the invest- ; ment in actual dollars and cents. ( There can be, there must be, no con fiict between the Church and the State i colleges. There should be generous rivalry,but open or covert antagonis 21 : is disastrous to the interests of both. j Colleges founded by the c'mrches and by private beneficence have per formed and are still performing a : great and patriotic service, but no 1 State shouid surrender to private ; philanthropy or denominational zeal 1 its sacred, inalienable right and sol- ; emn duty of placing within reach of ( all her children the bread of knowl- < edge. Zeal in educational work is 1 contagious. The Church school flourishes best in those States where public : spirit rallies to the support of the State 1 colleges, or to speak more philosopni- ] cally, wherever' the Church is health- < iest there are public institutions for ; the good of man find their warmest support. Genuine Christianity enkindles intellectual life, arouses man from leth- ( argy and creates within him public i spirit and patriotism and an unfailing : interest in the welfare of others. In < Mexico, in Brazil, in Spain, wherever, ' in short, Christianity has become stagnant, there all public enterprises < languish. Destroy or cripple our de ] nominational cDlleges and you take i fr^m our civilization its strong, up- < iifrmo- fnrr.R. hut destrov or criDDle ( our State institutions and you tane s the road which ha? carried Spain, i once the leading Power, and natural- J iy, the richest country of Europe, to i the rear in the triumphal march of < civilization. There should, of course, '< be no waste in our educational re- 1 sources. CONCLUSION. Fellow-Citizens: The political campaign of 1896 is over. ou have hon- 1 ored me as few men in South Carolina < have ever been honored, and far more ' richly than I deserve. 5'ou gave me < ?I say it in no spirit of vain glory or 1 of boasting, but in profound apprecia- ' tion of the honor bestowed?you gave 1 me in the Democratic primary the largest majority ever given a candidate for governor. Both factions of , the Democratic party, as the vote cast \ indicates, gave me "warm and enthu- j siastic support, such as necessarily 1 could not have been given to any | factional candidate. My constant anxiety shall be not to prove unworthy of your confidence. I am your Governor?the Governor , of the whole people. Our interests are mutual, it will be base and treacher- , ous and ungrateful on my part, and , unwise and unpatriotic on your pan, , longer to fan the fires of partisan hatred. On questions of public policy , we cannot all agree, but when issues are settled at the ballot box we can . and ought to submit to :he will of the . majority honestly expressed. I beseech you to resolve, on this oc- i casion, to bury all factional feelings and to join hands and hearts in your efforts to develop the resources cf our beloved State, to build up her institutions, to promote her every interest, la assuming my official duties I pledge you my best services. With all my strength of head and heart I shall labor for the common weal, and, in my official canacitv,shall treat both friend and foe with equal coasiaerauuu. j. j rid myself of all sectional and partisan feelings and haii you all as Carolinians. Hove my native Slate. I love her people. I am proud of her grand and inspiring history, of the names of her illustrious sons, of the thousands of her honored dead who sleep upon every great battlefield of their country. I rejoice in the hope our future inspires, in the patriotism of our you eg manhood and in the self-sacrificing devotion of oar young womonnood. The inaugural address was greeted with loud applause, especially as Governor Ellerbe emphasized the declaration that he knew no party and no LIEUTENANT-GOVERN faction. THE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR. At the conclusion of Governor Ellerbe's address Shaker Gary announced that Lieutenant-elect McSweeney was present and ready to be sworn into office, and the oath was duly administered to him. by Chief Justice Mclver. Lieutenant Governor McSweeney deviated from the custom and delivered a hk y happy speech, in which he said: It is not my intention on this occasion to make you any address, but ! want to take this occasion and opportunity to most sincerely thank you and the good people of the State, of which I am so proud, for the confidence expressed in me. What brief remarks I will have to make will be delivered in the Senate. I only want to say that it will be my pleasure and duty to work with the Governor in the promises he has made you, which I know he will carry out, so that when his Administration is closed he will receive the deserved plaudits. I pledge myself to second your Governor in his every effort, to do the best that can be done for the people of the State in giving them a wise and just Administration, and I trust when his term of office comes to a close the people will say, tlThou hast been a good and faithful servant." This happy little speech was kindly received. Thus ended the inaugural ceremonies, and the procession returned. Governor Ellerbs going out on the arm of former Governor Evans. Bloodthirsty Brutes. Cincinnati, Jan. 21?A special to the Commercial-Tribune from Tampa, Fla., says. Emanuel Silvero, a wounded Cuban, arrived here to-night from K>:y West, having escaped from ^ ? TT~ ^ ^ Uuoa on a nsning vessel, xie cjuucs from the field near Artemifa. He confirms the story of January 9th, when a Spanish band came upon a Cuban hospital near San Cristobal, containing 500 wounded insurgents, and put to death all of them, even the attending physicians. Col. San Martin's troops are raiding all that section, very seldom going into the hills near Rivera's camps;. One of his bands was ambuscaded two weeks ago and out of forty five men in it only three escaped. They are bloodthirsty and are credited with more murders Df women and paciScos than any cth3r band* They raided a small town twenty miles from Palacios, New dear's Day, and abducted all the women in the place, some fifty in jnumber. Only ten of them have ever bsen heard from and they were re;apturedbv a Cuban band, January, L0. Terrible Slaughter. Thomson, Ga., January 19.?Mr. Churchill, of Warren county, formerly of Missouri, arrived in Thom son yesterday evening: with a car ioaa stock from his stock farm in the ! i?est. He started for his home at j Woods, Ga., with his stock last night J md just as he got out of town the | :oad he was traveling, running parallel with the Georgia railroad track, md started up it, about this time a lown freight train was approaching md ran into the stock in a cut, Jailing, fourteen mules and horses, all but six that he brought. They were lyng on either side of the track for about )ne hundred yards. The stock were ippraised at eleven hundred dollars I ;oday. Terrible Catastrophe. Lo:tdon, Jan. 21.?The Globe publishes a dispatch from Bombay, sent Dut by a news agency, which says ;hat three shocks of earthquake occurred oh the island of Kihm in the persian gulf on Jan. 15, destroying thousands of houses and killing 2,500 persons. a Convenient Invention. An Orangeburg farmer comes to the front witn a new invention m iuo shape of a Lubricator for oiling vehicle wheels without taking them off the axle. It is inserted in the hub between two of the spokes. When you want to grease your wheel all you have to do is to withdraw a plunger, which operates with a spring, and put as much oil as is needed on the axie. Upon being released the spring closes up the oil hole until it is opened for ailing up again. It is a very ingenidus and cJever device, and is bound to be used generally. With these lubricators a vehicle can be oiled up anywhere along the road in less than one minute. The patent for this valuable invention is owned by the National Lubricator Company of Orangeburg, 3. C. Mr. Jas. L. Sims, Editor and Proprietor of the Orangeburg Times and'Democrat, is the manager of the company, which is a guarantee that it is all right. The company wants an agent in this county to sell the Lubricators. See advertisement in another column. Pianos by tlie Mile. See Ludden and Bates' new aavertisment of one thousand Mathushek pianos. Suppose tnem an ioaaea oil to wagons in one grand procession, allow 15 feet for each wagon and team and the line would be nearly three miles long. That is just the wholesale way this great southern house does business. Having acquired an interest in the noted Mathushek Piano factory, they are now supplying purchasers direct and saving all intermediate profits. This means a saving of from $50 to $100 on each piano, and the securing of one of the oldest and most reliable instruments at a remarkably low figure. Better write them at Savannah, G-a., or at 93 Fifth Ave., New York City. I III Ifts c EL mmmrnrn-, ! 'OR M. B. McSWEENEY. PLANTERS, ATTENTION! Valuable Information for All Classes of South Carolina Farmers an<l Stock Kaisers. ir?rtTTTinor^Vi<jffhpt."mphfl.'5TlflW fiflmfi At.1 l<J TT WUW w W4_ ^ ? -- ? j for you to purchase your fertilizers, ! we put ourselves to the expense of paying for the publishing of the following information for your use. We have done this for years past, and now there are hundreds of planters all over the State that can testify, not only how much money we have saved them but as to the good crop results they have gotten. We do not sell acid | phosphate or kainit, but we do sell | Cotton Seed Meal and Hulls. As we j pay the expense of this advertisement, all we ask of you in return is to ask your dealer for the Southern Cotton Oil Co's. Meal, for either feed or fertilizer, acd for our hulls for cattle feed. HOW TO FERTILIZE. This is what many of our personal friends have tried, and is the language and advice of the Agricultural Department of Georgia: 1st. Beyond v. certain amount it aid not pay to manure?that is, while the crop might be increased in gross, after a certain outlay had been made in manures, further increase diminished the relative profits. 2nd. That this holds good, as well, for nitrogenous manures, phosphates and potash?no matter in what form administered. ? -i m, -11 il! IJ 3 <5(1. xnat au tilings coasnucreu, uu.c cheapest and most profitable fertilizer the farmer could use, by actual test, consists of the following formula: Acid phosphate...... 1,250 lbs. Cotton seed meal 500 lbs. Kainit 250 lbs. 4th. That the point of greatest profit is passed after applying more than 400 pounds per acre. This formula would analyze. Available phosphates .9.00 to 9. CO per cent. Ammonia...... ..2.25 to 2.50 per cent. Potash 1 25 to 1.50 per cent. We cannot calculate the actual cost of this fertilizer, for prices vary from time to time and the rate of freight varies, but suppose cotton seed meal costs you $23 00 per ton, acid phos^ phate $12.00 per toil and kainit ?14-00 per ton, all freight paid to your stal-i c* era n.v/i_Lj n & jac* ? ^ . 500 lbs. cotton seed meal at $23.00 pe:r ton .$5.75 1250 lbs. acid phosphate at $12.00 per ton...... 7.50 200 lbs. kanit at $14.00 per ton. 1 75 2000 lbs. one ion; total cost $15.00 Thus you see that you could put 400 pounds per acre at a cost of $3 00 per acre, or 200 pounds per acre at a cost of $1.50 per acre. Now the planter has gotten this j ear ; an average price of 15 cents per bushel j for cotton seed. He usually puts 20 | bushel* of seed per acre, which at 15 I cents per bushel makes a cost to him of $3.00 per acre to fertilize. In addiI tion to this, be buys acid and kainit to put with the seed. It is for you to say whether you would rather have 20 bushels of cotton seed per acre or 400 pounds of the above fertilizer which every 20 bushels of seed you bave sold this year will enable you to buy. FATTENING CATTLE. Oa this subject we do with you as in our article on fertilizers, namely?publish the advice of distinguished parties, people supported by the planters of the various States fcr the purpose of finding cut what is to your interest. We i can tell you, that only five years ago every pound of hulls were burned by the oil mills in this State as we did, -- - X -??/vC ?i/\ A- M 1 1 o C not men aupreuiaic mc.i vaiuo food. Now over 20,000 tons of hulls are sold in this State alone for feed. "For fattening cattle for the beef market put from four to five pounds of meal _rith twenty pounds of hulls. Below we quote the advice of State authorities. Sir John Lawes says (see State New Jersey Agricultural Report, 18S5): "Surprise is often expressed at the much higher prices which English farmers pay for linseed and (fotton cake or meal as compared with corn, but the reason is to be found in the much higher manure value of the meal. I have often wondered at the j high prices which the United States farmer appears willing to pay for niiroIgen in artifical manures, when he i might obtain thes manures at a much | lower cost by simply feeding cotton | seed cake or meal. The nitrogen contained in these goods, with the exception of the small amount retained by the animal, passes into the excrements in the foi*m of organic compounds of ! nitrogen. xnese cuoipuuuus wtui.r in the soil with very different degrees of rapiditv. A certain portion of those found in the urine nitrify very readily while some of those in the solid excrements may remain for several years in the 3oil. Experience has shown that when these foods are I used upon a poor soil for the first time their effect is not at first what it becomes later on when they have been in use for a few years. This is due to the slow decay of some of the compounds. A crop grown by the eighth | application of meal may in part be | grown by small portions of the meal j used in each of the previous seven ap! plications. The ulumate decay of organic substances in the soil must desend therefore, upon a great variety of circumstances, and our own experiments at Ro;hmasted supply numerous instances of the very long period which may elapse before some manures cease to produce an effect upon the crop to which they have been applied." M?BMCTMat?Mn?g FATTENING THE STOCK. How It Increases the Income of Louisiana Farmer' The following address was delivered by Prof. I>. N. Barron, before the Louisiana State Agricultural society at Lafayette, La., Jan. 23, 1896: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentle men?The subject of "The Fattening of Stock as an Adjunct to the Income of Louisiana Farmers"' is one in which I take great interest. It has grown to be quite the custom for oil mills and wealthy individuals to purchase each fall a number of cattle and fatten them for the market But this is only done by wealthy parties, and the idea seems somewhat to pre rail that it is only profitable when done on a large scale. My observations are. that not only is this supposition erroneous, but, on the contrary, the oil mill or individual who fattens on a large scale is able to reap a much smaller profit than he who feeds a few bead on his farm. tViio T ttvict will x. icajyu i\jl luij iuv?, -* ?-*. w*.-*, >?*** be apparent before Ehave finished this paper. Last August it was my privilege to read a paper before the North Louisiana Agricultural association, at its annual campmeeting fair, cn "The Possibilities of Louisiana as a Stock Raiser," and although fairly familiar with her resources, I was astonished at the overwhelming evidence of the capabilities of our beloved State to produce food for its stock. If we can only convince ourselves of the fact that there is ot a square foot of soil in this State t is not able to contribute largely c the feeding of stock, the day wil1 ,ot be far distant when the immense jtock-raising of the west will be things of the past and Louisiana, instead of Texas?New Orleans instead of Chicago?will be the greatest raiders and packers of meat in the world. But my mission here today is not to convince you that our land is adapted to the raising of stock, but to show how the fattening of cattle can be made to contribute to the farmer's income. Looking around at our brethren in other sections we find that the custom of fattening a few head of cattle each fall is no new thing, either to our cousins of the west and New England, or the agriculturists of Europe. The English farmer strives to raise all the rough feed he can, In the fall he. buys a lot of American cattle, buys our oil cake and, taking all home, settles down to put flesh on American cattle with American cake and English roughness. When his sale is made, after footing accounts, he frequently finds that the additional flesh has only paid him the cost of his cattle and their feed, yet he is well satisfied, for he considers that he has made ample profit in the increased size and value of his manure heap. I know no better way of illustrating the profits to bs derived from fattening cattle than to call your attention to the results obtained in the State experiment station at Baton Rouge during the last two years. In order to test this very question the station has for the last two years fed small herds of cattle on a ration of cotton seed meal, cotton seed hulls and centrifugal molasses. The animals selected for the test were chosen for their unfitness for fattening. They were scrubs whose day of usefulness as work oxen had long since departed, it being aro-no.-} that if anvf.hintf fWlld hfi done ? J ?? 'ta with this class of anisuls, then there was no doubt of a profit to the man who would select his animals. Without going into details, here is the financial statement. FOR 1894. To purchase of six animals (4,642 pounds) at 1? cents. . ?81 23 To 11.821.5 pounds food, at 43 cents per cwt 53 05 Total cost of animals at time of sale $134 2S By sale of six animals (5,5S5 pounds) at 4 cts. $167 55 Profits 32 27 Or 24 per cent, on the money invested in six week. These results were obtained with meal at $20, and hulls at $5 per ton, and molasses at 12-cents a gallon. The next year's results were even more favorable: To purchase of five animals (3,320 pounds) at If cents $5S 10 of fppdinc same for six weeks......... 2S 72 Total cost of animals at sale $86 82 By sale of 4,402 pounds of beef at 3.15 cents... $138 75 Profits $51 93 Or 50 per cent. The excess in this instance is due to several causes. First of these is that the meal used cost only $14.00 a ton, and the animals sold for .15 of a cent higher. The second reason is that the animals were of a somewhat better class than those in the first lot, and laid on fiesh more rapidly, making an average gain of 216 pounds each, against 157. This is the point at which the mill and speculators are obliged to stop counting their profits, but a farmer who knows his business has a farther source of revenue unaccounted for in the above figures. In the year book for 1884, published by the United States department of agriculture, it is estimated that the manure of a wellfed ox of 1,000 pounds is worth $29.27 per year. The animals in the above experiment would average about 800 pounds, hence their manure for the six weeks was worth the first year $17, and the second year $14. This would give a profit to the farmer of $50 27 in the first and $65 in the second experiment. The figures given above are the results of actual trials. The food and came were Dougm at mars-ei pnucs, and the cattle were sold for what they would bring. They never were choice animals, but to sbow what improvement they made, it is sufficient to state that in several instances they were repurchased at the advanced price by the parties who sold them to us. But it is to the latter part of our estimate that we should direct our greatest attention, for it is the value of the manure that should constitute the raison d'etre to the farmer; and by the proper utilization of which he can practice more true economy than in any other way. With virgin soil of almost inexhaustible fertility we continued to raise our crops for years without returning any tiling to the soil. We have been like the poor man, who, suddenly acquiring a fortune, scatters his money broadcast, forgetful that, though large, he is spending his capital. Like him, we nave suddenlv awakened to a realiza tion of this fact when our capital is almost gone. This is proven bj the steady increase in the sales of commercial fertilizers. But attempting to replenish our capital in this way is like attempting to fill a barrel through the bung while tb.e spigot is open. We must first stop this waste. Where j is it? Every ton of hay we sell from ' our farms contains thirty eight pounds j of fertilizer that it will cost us $4 to $5 i to replace. Every ton of corn 3S pounds, worth j $G.50. Every ton of oats 43pounds, worth ?7.50. A 500-pound bale of cotton in the lint 51 pounds, worth $34, and 1,000 pounds of seed 53 pounds, worth $5.50. How are we to stop this waste? The Almighty has given us a machinery, by the use of which this can be done and yet a profit made on the machine itself. 'Live stock of the farm are so constituted that they are able to convert roughness into a fine manure. A substance which is not only as good a fertilizer after passing through, an animal, containing all the elements of plant food it originally contained, but is actually improved by this process, for its constituents are thereby rendered much more easily available to plants. The elements utilized by the animals are largely carbohydrates and fat and not phosphoric acid and potash, for which we pay in commercial fertilizers. The animal also uses nitrogen. But for I everv article so extracted from the food, a corresponding amount is released from the body. Hence whether we sell our farm products or, after feeding them to our animals, fail to take proper care of their manures, our farms are just that much poorer. But some one asks, how shall we care for the manure? In order to better answer this question, let us firot inquire what manure is, and how it is formed. The object of adding manure of any kind to a soil is either to supply a natural deficiency of that soil in the elements of plaDt food, to return what we have taken from it, or to increase its fertility. A manure must, therefore, contain these elements of plant food. While the substances necessary to supply plant food are numerous, fortunately for us, they nearly all exist in nature in such aoundance that they are practically inexhaustible from any soil. Xitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash, however, form notable exceptions to this rule; hence the chief obj ?ct in manuring is to supply these, and no substanca is of any val ue as a manure unless it contains some or all of these elements. When animals take food into their stomachs they extract therefrom, more or less completely, nitrogen, cs rbohydrates and fat?the latter two of no use as i m__ 1 ? pians ioou. me meuiuui uy wu?/u these substances are held in the plant and the undigested portions of the plant, then pass on and are voided from the body. The nitrogen is taken into the animal in the form of albuminoids In a mature animal, at rest, the only use of food is to get material to supply heat?supplied by fat and carbohydrates?and to replace the tissue worn out in performing the vital functions. This last is supplied by albuminoids. But, as stated above, for every part cf albuminoids so "used, a corresponding amount already contained in the body is split up into its constituents of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, etc., and escapes from the animal in the liquid excrements.lt is thus seen that while the solid excrements are the refuse from the food, the liquid contains the worn-out portion of tne body, and the two together, in the case of the mature animal, contain all the elements of the plant food con tained in the original plant. It has been found by repeated trials that the amount of albuminoids taken up by the body is dependent largely upon the supply in the food. Feed an animal on a highly nitrogenous fodder and the resultant manure will be rich in that substance. Hence the value of manure depends largely upon the food of the animal. In chemical composition, for manure, the plant has been practically unchanged in its passage ihrough the animal. But while in the form of food it would have required many months tor its constituents to become available to plants in the form of manure, its constituents have been converted into an easily soluble, rapidly fermentable medium of plant food. C. Frrz5i3io>*s, Manager Southern Cotton Oil Co., Columbia, S. C. The Explosion KlUed Twelve. Sax Francisco, Cal., Jan. 19.?One of the boilers of the French steamer Saghalien explodad while the vessel was off the Cninese coast on December 2, bound from Singapore for Hong Kong. Eleven of the stokers and one of the engineers were killed by the explosion or by the escaping steam. The chief stoke was so badly injured that he died a few hours afterwards. Four other firemen died the next day, as a result of the burns. ,The vessel was crowded with passengers and for > a time there were the wildest scenes of confusion on board. I Ovation to Bryan, Houston, Texas, Jan. 20.?Hon. William J. Bryan addressed an audience of -5,000 people in this city tonight. H s remarks were largely confined to a discussion of the fiaancial question, along the lines pursued during the late campaign. Every period was greeted with enthusiasiicapplause, the cheeriEg at times being in the nature of an ovation. Ganboat Sunjs by C jban Patriots. Havana, Cuba., Jan. 19?Though the insurgents have no navy they do not hesitate when the opportunity offers to attack the Spanish warships. The latest instance of this kind oc curred Sunday morniDg when a Spanish gunboat was sunk by means of ?. torpedo and many of her crew killed. It Is Said xnai ci 8.11 intj ui&citscs Ci-LdM <?.UkWVV I mankind, diseases of the kidneys are the most dangerous and fatal. If this be so, how important it is that the kidneys be kept in a healthy condition ." The use of Hilton's Life for the Liver and Kidneys will do this. It is the "ounce of prevention" in these ^roubles, WE ! WANT A PARTNER IN EVERY TOWN. Postmasters, Kailroid Agents, Cenera Store Keepers. Clerks. Ministers, or any other pe;son, lady or gentljcna, who can devote a little or all o! their time to our busi ess. We do not want any money in advance, and piy large commissions to H-wh/i CTnrtr for n$. ;Ve have the best I I Family Aledicines on earth, and can pro- j ince lots of testimonials from oir home ! people. Sena for blank application and circular. Address BRAZILIAN' MEDICINE CO., 844 Broadway, Ani^ista. Ga I The trustworthy curs for the Whiskey, Opium, Morphine and Tobacco Habits. For further information address Th? Seeley Institute, or Drawer 27, Columbia, S. C. SEE HERE. IS:Y0UR LIViR A'.L RIG *T? . are your isjaneys m a ueaumy wuunwa c If so, Hilton's Life for the Hrer and Kidneys will keep them so. If not, Hilton's Life for the L'ver * snd Kidneys will make them so. A 25c bottle M will convince you of this fact Taken regularly after meals it is an aid to digestion, cures habitual constipation, and thus refreshes and clears both tody and mind. SOLD WHOLESALE BY ihs Murray Drag Go i COLUMBIA, s. c. AKD Dr. H. BAES, CharIe;ton, S. C. i?N GKL EBEKtt iilCE HULLER. / The only machine that in one operition will CLEAN, BULL AND POLISH rough rice, putting it in merchantable condition, ready for t3ble use. SIMPLE AND EASY to manage. Write for prices and terms. ALSO Corn Mills, Saw Mills, Planing Machines, and all kinds of Wood-working Machinery. Talboti and Ltddell Engines and Boilers on hand at factory prices. V. G. Badham, General Agent, COLUMBIA, 8. C. M?ice to motaers. We take pleasure In calling voar attan tion to a remedy so long needed in carryIng children safaly toroagh. the critical stage of teething. It is an incalcnlable blessing to mother and child. If yon are disturbed at night witb a sick, fretful, teething child, use Pitts' Carminative, It will give instant relief, and regulate the bowels, and make teething safe and e*sy. It will cure Dysentery aad Diarrhoea. ' Pitts Carminative is an instant 'elief for colic of infants. It will pro ug^j digestion, give tone and energy to the stomach and bowels. The sick, puny, suffering child will soon become the fat and frolic sing joy of the household. It is very pleasant to the taste and only cost 25 cents per buttle, Soli by druggists and by TH3 HUS3AY DBUG- GO . Ool-imbii, 8. C. | "BIATHUSHEK"?Ths Piano for a Lifetime. i --- ^ Z~Zg' ^"hen other closcd the great MATHUSHEK mechanics' and now has an ixnmense stock of Pianos on hand. LUODEN &. BATES, interested in this Factory, now otTer this great stock at S50 to SI CO less thn n former prices. >"o strictly Ittsh Crude I'iano ever sold so low. ONE PROFiT frcm Factory to Consumer. .? . Greater inducements than ever lnslight- 1 ]y uscu Pianos and Organs?many as jrood as new?sold under guarantee. 1 Latest Styles. Elegant Cases. Also Hew STE1OTY Pianos, ; j ftfasen & Haraiin Organs, 4 & Write for Factory Prices and Bargain Lists. | LUDDEN & BATES, SAVANNAH, 6A. g All Sheet Music One-Half Price. fl UMVYai (\T 1 \J? 11^ JLJKJ9 BOILERS, I SAW MILLS, J GRISTMILLS,^ AT ,, FACTORY j PMICES. 1 E. W. SCREVEN, 1 COLUMBIA, S. C. I # ^ 'M z se:^3 m ? 3 $ A(x-fcXTS TVAJS" rJtf D$ |? $ la cach county in South Carolina $ gl to introduce a LUBRICATOR for J|| fs otfing vehicle wheels without re- o flBj $ moviug the wheel from the axle. It $ ^8 v is a reccnt South Carolina inven- G |jl & tion, and will sell rapidly, as it is ?5 j|| ^ a very convenient device. Exclu-$ J3 wsive territory given to the right v Vn. man. For particulars address, o Jfl $ NATIONAL LUBRICATOR COMPANY, g M ^ Lock Box No. 43, $ . g|| ^ ORANGEBURG, S. C. jg ' f|