Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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m r ?r. -n . - <?? -. m THE NEWS AND HERALD. tiitil.UdED V V!lH / WUDyXtDAY -lit? Nijwo - and - Herald -aCo. vv. 'j. \ss, , K?iitors. J VS. o. DAVIS, ) TEKSIS I.~ ADVANCE: 1 Ml*. .... 91.wU Hit >Ioi:tli*, .... .75 AP VKUTl.<lSG RATES, (JAMI: One dollar :i siju.xre for tin* first inser> n ;i:ui fifty eeni?> l'?>f ?*arh subsequent liM-rtism Sju-cial rules fur contract advertisers. Muria^ts anil death noticesfree. Kejjular rates enarjfed for obituaries. Ord.-rsfor .Job Worse solicited. WINNSBORO, S. C. Wednesday. September i.'J. : : loHl j According to the Manufacturers' i llvvOf-l Sjuth Carolina consumes more j cotton than any State hi the South, Georgia, which ranked first last \ear, coming next. When the Columbia anal; ?:"- > ..!!? 11.;^ ? !!! Ntiiwutne ! uJ i. ?.i v; k'uu( tui^ ~ ^~ even more. Fon months we have had a surfeit of ! Charleston politics. Tlie two factions quarrelled and warred until it >eemed j thi?t they never could meet upon sonic common level and settle their! diU'etences. /ill j:lans proposed by j either taction **iiic-ti to recon :;!e them, ! and the Governor ha.- come in between I the beli^gerent- at d :rie.l to hoist the white tl.ijf of peace. It is as the World ' says a new thing for the Governor of the State to interfere with th- squab* j b!es of political faction*, -tiil if he litis succeeded in preservii <; the unity and harmony of the Democracy of Charles-! ton no one ought to conipla'n. Both j factions claim a maioritv, and it will be watched with interest by outsiders to see which really has if. I'ijesioext Polk, of the National Alliance, is reported as saying that ! the Alliance will go into the Third | Party and that it will sweep the South, i It' this be true, then we agree with the j Greenville Xtics, the Alliance in this j - St:tte should choose whom it will serve. I We don't believe a majority of Al-j liancemen in South Carolina will desert the Democratic party whose prin- j eiples have a stronger hold on the ; people than ever. It will be suicidal 1 for the Alliance to go into the Third i Tarty. The Alliance is more in symn.-itltv with the Democratic nartv than I with the Republican, but, by such action on the part of the Alliance, it will certainly defeat the Democracy ami secure a Republican President. r" J.eC l"s Still Hope. The Board of Trade in Greenville held a meeting last Wednesday to consider the icatter of voting a subscription to the Cape Fear and Cincinatti Railroad. This, we believe, is the first step taken by Greenville towards ! tins road. The faceting was a quiet j ^ - business gathering according to the i Greene die Xncs, but the Board of Trade are desperately in earnest. The result Ny of the meeting is that the County "Commissioners will be asked to order an election to determine whether or not Gt eenvillc Township will subscribe ?30,u00 to the capital stock of the Cape Fear and Cincinnati road. We are glad to fee tkis, and bope that other parts of Greenville County thriMiirh which the road will oa?s will i add to the subscription. Really after I all. it looks as if the road will be i built. The condition on which the Greenville Township bonds are issued ' is that the road shall be constructed j 'the entiro distance between Greenville. S. C., and Southport X. C., | within three )ears from July 23rd, ISyi,"' and in case this is not done; then the bonds shall be held for the Glenn Springs Koad Company. Mr. ^ Morton may not build our road, but it looks as if Winnsboro stands a good j chance of getting a road from some ! where within the next few years, j Still cling to hope. | Columbia Ik Hovin^'. Columbia skeins happy, and her cheering pro>pec:s for blighter days are well deserved. She has had a j haul struggle, but the dark clouds are ! om.I Wimisjharo eon- ! gratulates her as she stands eucom- j pa?sed with the bright and brilliant)' sunshine ot prosperity. Columbia^ progress means more than progress J confined to the narrow corporate I limits of the Capital, but it is as the I Statecontends: "given a pushing and j prosperous city, and you must have a k pro-perous country around if, and as ' t fie ritv grows so does the area of its ^ influence for prosperity widen around i it." We rejoice to know that Columbia j has .it last awaken, and is marching on-! i ? ward to a ^reat future. The whole j Shite should be glad of her prospects, [ and let none "bedim her brightness.") The State gives the following goodj , reasons for saying that Columbia will i l be a j^rcat trade ceutre: * Because within thirty days < olumbia j will have the greatest developed water i power in the South. Becau>e this power i* now controlled j by capitalists who will promptly utilize 1 it for manufacturing purpose-. Because the mills to be erected on I the Columbia canal within the next ! few years will treoie ine pupuiauvu ui ( the city, and make it rich, strong and more attractive than ever. Because Columbia within thirty days will have seven lines wf railway ^ radiating as from a hub. making her a railroad centre uuexcclled in the South. Because Columbia is geographicaliy ! the centre of the State; is the capital! of the Stale, is the centre of education ; of the State, and the centre of its trade. I Because Columbia has the location, i the climate, :iud the prospective posi- j ticn upon a main artery of Southern j travel which will create here a winter resort unequalled anywhere. Because ''booms" give supremacy, ami Columbia js bound to ''boom.'' These reasons are strong and striking. [ May the hopes of Columbia be lully j realized. ! I The Farmers* Institute. The w?rk of the Fairfield Agricul? i lure Society has been remarkable. j The first exhibition four years aijo j was r. very good one, but was not j generally contributed to by the whole | County. Iu iaet many did not know 1 uf the existence of su.:h a society. Year by yaar i: hasbei-u mote oxten-1 lively adrerti>ed nnti! now it is a i first clas* fair looked forward to with! much interest and pleasure bv farmers * * I ftnU those of other callings. It ha> grown in interest asd magnitude of: exhibits beyond what any of its war-' uiest triende ever expected. Each year people are astonished and auinzed to ! see what a good thing ot tne Kinu r air- ( lield can get np. TLe Institute tbi?s year should be even better than previous ones. The premium list has been greatly enlarged, every body bhonld know that they are earnestly solicited to join the Association and lend a helping hand to make it a great success. The ladies us well as gentlemen are eligible to membership. The initiation lee is a mere trifle when the benefits to be derived from the Association are considered; it ia only one dollar. The teacher* of the County have just lud j their Institute, and a mighty g>od one I it was too. Now let the former*: in j even >ec.ion and nook ot tne l.'ounty j >in hands- in preparing for their Institute on tlie Kr?l Tuesday and U nines i da\ in November next, and have i: :t | mighty g.>ud one too. Tke ie:tch?-i> ! are learning new ynd goed Miethod* I b\ coming tn?:e?her and C-xcliU u'ii <r i * , c | opinion* and experience* and that'.: right. Now let the tunnes* mv?t together and do the s:ime in their li*;:*> {work. C?ood teaching i? n? o-??a: *, j but wiihout good fanning we can't ! employ go*-d teachers. As a mere ; S'Uli'ec ot gPtting ^ultiK IK'W li!ra? on agriculture! it will puy jou t > c<>m?* u> the Institute. Aside troui that, Imw' ever, it will pay \ou. t'oiiie and inert |\our lrieial-. Wenecd more of the elbow touch between our people, and there i? no betf-r nay of knowing each other better and of making u> all feel that our inurests, when reduced to th-ir last analysis, are one, lhati b\ cowing together at somcihii ot this kind. Suit will pay >ou t.? come b ?ih financially and socially. W e h"p you will come. The TeaclinV luatitut*. T;ie Ti achers' Institute ot Fairfield jc unity closed their eiercises last S.it unlay. Prof. li. Means Davis, of the South Carolina College, was president, ami was agisted by Dr. .Jovnes ana Prof. Wit hero w and Mi?s Fannie C. McCains. The presence ot the.-e per sons among us wiil not soon be forgotten. 'i'hey uot oulv brought learning with thein, but an earnest desire to teach, and the intelligent aud appreciate audiences that met them during the exercises of the Ins:iiuie manifested that our people were stiil alive to the educational interests of the county. Prof. Davis was among Ins people, and besides being instructive in Arithmetic aud Geography where his talents are manifested with the ease and freedom of his warm heartad disposition contributed by his genial mannei>, and his Jorgetting himself in his work to make this meeting the best we have ever attended. j Dr. Joynes eluciciatcd the structure of the English Lm^uige with his usual f>lMrnf*ss (,f thought arid exrues sion. When we hear him lecture, our language ?eenis 10 possess n w beauty and power. lie always u^e* the right word in the right place. This was Mis* McOauts' first visit among us as a teacher. She is thorough in the elements of ;he primary department, and speaks clearly and simply what she knows. Thoroughness marked all her lectures. All of our people s>eem to have been benefited bv the stay of culture and i learning among u?. Wc ftt-1 th. t we are better educated, our teachers seem t? have derived encouragement j from these lectures to them a: d their j patrons, and the children looked j pleased as they imbibed the atmosphere j of good manners, kind word** and the t calmness of thought production. Let I in all welcome the-e meetings in our midst. Let us realize that upon our ; shoulders is laid the necessity of eduj catii:?? ?ur children. Money is a de I fence ami wisdom is a defence, hi tins wonderful world we are in; we may | not be able to give our children money, bur in this day of iducalional privileges we cau give (hern the power of knowledge, the force of truth, the steength of virtue. There are many big things in the world, but man equipped with knowledge, guided by wisdom, adorned with virtue, the biggest. God cares for him more than for stars and systems of worlds. Man need only fear such a creature. Ignorance is the mother of fear, superstition, desputisiu and tyranny, and while we may commit many .sins in this life, the one sin almost invariably followed by penalty here is tlie not knowing truth and right when we meet up with them. We are being ?!Ideated, whether we wili or not, bv our circuiusiances; let u? see to it that we are surrounded by as much knowledge, truth and culture as we can afford. The community owe our efficient I and zealous School Commissioner, Mr. A. V. Milling, much praise for hi< g?od selection of the'president and his associates. Mr. David Dwight and Mr. Otis Withers reported tue several lectures with great clearness atul faIIne?s and thereby contributed much to the success of iLe meetings. A Safe Investment Is one which is guaranteed to brin=; you I satisfactory results, or in ease of failure a return of purchase price. On this safe | plan you can buy from our advertised Druggist a bottle of Dr. King's New Dis- j corerv lor Con > unit )tion. it is guaran- j teed "to brinj relief m every case, when , used for any affection of Throat, Lungs or j Chest, such a* Consumption, lnflamma- ] tion uf Lungs, bronchitis, Asthma, Whoop-: ing Cough, Croup, etc., etc. It is pleasant j and agreeable to taste, perteetly safe, and j can always be depended upon." Trial t>ot~ j tie free at MoMaster, Brice & Ketchin's Drugstore. ' * ( Children Cry/or Pitchpr^Castoria.! 'I'llh TKACIIUltS' ISSTITUIE. .Second Uay. At about 'JA'j the Institute was , (tailed to order, and after the tibial opening exorcise?, Prof. Davis resumed his lecture on History, lie attempted to impress upon those present the importance of relating" stories as a HlO:ill> Hi lllt'llli'lU 111^ JU cijiHiiuM a love of hi>t ry. JI< mentioned a number of household tales and nursery rhymes which he thought especially well adapted to the purpose, at the | same time explaining- their relation to ! history. J.)r. Joyties thcH announced that in : hi* opinion no better stories couid be chosen for this purpose than the cotI lections known as Grimm's Houset # , . , . [ hold Stories and Sana's Fairy Stones. After a short intermission for gen [ eral discussion Dr. .Tovnes was introj duced. Jle stated that it a Horded him gi eat pleasure to b once more among the teachers ?f Fairtiold county. Jlis subject was the English Language. We regret that it i? impossible for us I to give his entire address to our I readers. Among other things he said I that in hisopinien grammar, as a >tudy. should be given only to the mere ad; ranced students, it being a theoretical | rather than a practical one, and rej commended that practical language ! lessons be employed as preliminary | .studies. lie called the at'eutimi of I : the teachers to the fact that iusuflicicnt j j importance was attached to clear ari licul.ition in our schools, and proceeded i to >how from his own experience the I result of this neglect. j l'rof. Wit he row theu entertained | the Institute for an hour with his projections and sun pictures. Mi>s McCants, of Columbia, whom the Institute had been very fortunate i in securing' as a substitute for Mss ! lionham. was introduced. Her stibIjcct was "Heading," and in her talk j some very valuable suggestions were ; made as to the best method of fpachiug this very important branch. Then | fallowed some interesting discussion upon some of the points brought out j in her paper. j Prof. Davis then talked for a while I on the teaching- of Arithmetic, after ! which Dr. .Toynes concluded his lcc' ture on English. The work of the Institute went 011 i very smoothly, and all present seemed I ! deeply interested throughout. The following new members were | enrolled to-day, viz.: (i \r,.r*.n.(j ('nlmnhia. ; iHi?3 x aiiiiiw v.' au\;vuiKv? Miss llattie E. Kennedy, Iiidgeway. ! Miss -Minnie Maefeat, Columbia. ; Miss Leila 11. Brown, Ridgoway. Miss Ij. Blaine, Blackstoek. ! Miss Lilla Beaty, Winnsboro. Miss II. E. Thomas, Ilidgeway. ] Miss Mary Witlierow, Winnsboro. J U. Sterling, Woodward. Dr. E. S. Joy ties, Columbia. The following visitorsenrolledthem! selves a< members: I Mrs. J. M. Beaty, Winnsboro. | Miss Carrie 1'obertson, "Winnsboro. Mrs. J. Glenn Movants, Winnsboro. Mrs. l)r. Boyd, Winnsboro. John J. Neil, Winnsboro. ! (>'. II. MeMaster, Winnsboro. Third Day. j Puucu dity is not ;i eliarncit ris'ic 01'!lie pi'fr i (lis i?r- ??1 !lie Teaciicrv Institue. The'.bird days j?roreedin!?s did n?>t bi-iiin nuii! 10 t/cloek. The Institute was opened with devotional (.V'Ki-is conducted by 1'rof. I Wi'hen-w in :!sr :?b> erne <?!' !Jev\ .1. T. j Chalmers. j The first lecture was by Mi?s I McCaui*-. a continuation of the diseus sion of Iicading. i>lie I< ? Jc a class of small girU ami showed how important it is to muke h graphic iepre*eniation to tl:o cliilil of all you wish to teach him. In read inn a sentence make the child actually handle all the articles ! spoken of in tnat .-enteuee and make ! him u-e the verb in the commonest of talk. In this way words and sentences will he thoroughly impressed upon J him. Writing is only speaking" with : the lips closed. If possible in teaching1 i a word, draw a representation ot it as | well as graphically representing it by means of the alphabet. Teach only j one word at a time for !';ar of getting the child confusid. Xcvi-r tear of using means too simple for the accomplishment of your end. Stoop to the level of the child's nature or you will never succeed ii: implanting yourideas in hi - mind. It is a mistake to teach a chih' the alphabet. It takes too long. I>1 the child become acquainted with the word and then separate it into its phonetio and written characters. You will lind this method a much more rapid one than the strictly alphabetical one. By phonic analysis the cliild is taught articulation as well as the division of the different sounds. Prof. Davis continued next his discussion of History, briefly recapituIatii-<4 his yesterday's talk, before troing lurtlier cultivate the chilli's liking for the study of History by beginning the recitation to him of historic stories and legends whether true or fictional. Give him matter referring cither to local or foreign matters according to his nature. There is a difference of opinion as to the best one to be followed. Probably local stoiies prove snore interesting to the majority of them inasmuch as they j are more interested in home affairs I than in matters having reference to a foreign community. It is noi a loss of I time for a teacher to devote a good j part ot his time to story telling. As ! much history can be learned from the ; method as from text books and sorne: times a great deal more. Don't fear ! innovation from this method. It is in i its infancv, but do not be afraid of ! experimenting. Three years ot hard i studv of a text book in history is time ! lost. Diversify mailers by relating j . ?."..if . n.iiiiiiK t i-t fn 11'?.| hi j 1I1UU usiiiii; ctcuis i iiiuiiiig ft.. . i your historical course. Do tiot coiiilue ! yourself ta one text book, tue ;i halt j dozen consecutively ami briny to (lit; j child's notice the agreements and con- | liict i:i tiie assertions of different i author-. All men arc fallible, and I licnce ail lii>t:>mtH nialcc mistakes, ! Learn the child tu exerci?e his j a < I ^ - j ment. 1).-. .Joync- continued i.i< lecture on | the Knglish Language, keeping -*i!l j along "the skirmish line." Atler a i review of articulation and pronunciation upon which lie dwelt in yesterdays ialk; he took up the topic of lieaiiing, (lis ground-work of Languages. Good reading is a great, though rare, accomplishment. Reading aloud is de.-irablc, but silent reading a irreat deal more Heading aloud f? the be?t of leading, and not the maimer of its pursuit. Teach your pupils to read, not only with the mouth, but with the eye, intellect, heart and soul. The man who loves to read the paper literature has already the key to a liberal education. Tnos. Carlisle attributes all the results of his liberal culture to i.is habit of reading, cultivated in early youth. ' The kvynotr of expression is in-1 tC'lii?jClic<; ': hence, I fte reading lesion as-L-ii- 'i i?e wiuiin i'ie lange of I tic i :i} if - ititellitfence and interest. A if-; ;n, il.c kcyuuie of tone is avinpaItn. i. ilut child i< interested in what ii i.- iciidiu^, '1' ii- limit and sou! are in ill won-:. i!i?? lone will be all rijrht. ;!ir it-uiiiiiu- l? ?.-on as far as possible of a!i : Ii: <. Imprrs- l!ic pupil wi h iif ! .<-1 I i?I hr is Trading* to an an lirii'-i- < ! >\inp-i:in/.? r? and not to oil -.| I;.-.. Ii Wf e..il!d divest rea I f < - n .;i.?:uiai mid embarrass n t:.n;.:i;iois, ail of the difficulties tound i'i teaching it wou'd be removed. Miss Mo' <ini? :n xi "ait a very interesting* t.tik ?M: pi ilil:i: \ :ti iiliRielic by Gru!;i;?> tn?t!e?l introduc d al the lirst State Normal la-uiu i;. An n-iril She look !i?t ci.?-? ?.d litlie ir;ri- and iilu>traied her paini* V;*r\ !*ia|ihically, hvtaki<i!f ?ii i am! wi'h llu in |n r t'oritiiiii; all i is- ji.-i.iti.iu- "t hddi lull, bt:??ii, in 11 upioatiwii Mini lisv ision. uhm!h?i1 *\a- j?r??p*?*?eii by li.i: mail \Vliulin: li b?* il> in 1*44. 1 li>* f-.ut* I'm mi uiic.ira: ute* ??I ariltmiirJic- .-li??uM n??l be t:ill?hl iuclepei.'il'-tiil <>t each wtln-r, bit sii uii! be grodped iojjfiber. (jitibc iii>i only disc.:'ii'il i.t'i;': numbers iu beginning the study oi aiithmetic, but considered each number :i circle within itself, lie claimed ihat his method whs based on | suiuul philosophical principles, fix in I number, a* follows: (1) Lnn*ruage, (-) (.'u:ecJii-m (don't n-e too much ot [ h), (:i) iilu>:ra:ign, (4) Comparison, j (o) v\ niii jr ??f Figures, (0) Keeitation. The ohj ctire study may be discarded ! after the pupil becomes somewhat advanced, when the intellect may be in <re actively brought into p'av. Grube'i method depends fnnda:m-niaily upon the use ot the objective ?ystrm and the use of small numbers. Df .Ti?riif?s n'fiiL a stei)furtheralonjr his "skirmish line" ami next gave the teachers some points on writing in its relation to English, lis discussed the subject under two heads, expression and spelling. (1.) Expression?The facility of written expression comes next to the great accomplishment of correct oral expression. 2so thought is clearly conceived by a child until he is able to express it. I am not pleading for compositions, said the lecturer. They arc the bugbear of the school room. Why will you give a scholar something to write you an article upon, about which he knows absolutely nothing? Does he know anything about "Faith", Hope,'7 "The ellects of History,'' or any such topic entirely foreign to his thoughts. Make the exercise perfectly natural, and insist upon the child writing in the most natural expression. liob "composition" of its terrors ;uid it will be ;i pleasing cuuy for the child to perform instead of a task as it is now considered. (-2.) Spelling'?I feel almost like referring to spelling' as a lost arm. It is shameful, to note the spelliug of our boys and girls. It is no credit to spell well, but a discredit to spell badly. Our children are just as smart now as they were 2o years ago. Why is it that the art of spelling is digressing? l'artlv because of the new methods of reading by which the alphabet lias to take a "back seat, but principally because it is neglected. There is no such thing as nood spelling of English. Corrcrf spelling is generally very bad spelling. The Professor showed by some very ludicrous examples the commonest grounds of difficulty in spelling. The best method of teaching correct spelling j is by writing. Give the child lessons in nictation unci group me ?u .such a way as to show him their proper spelling. The lecture was one of the most interesting and instructive of the session and afforded the teachers much valuable information. The last talk of the day was given by Dr. li. 1}. Hanahan, Jr., on "What to do in emergencies." He read a very valuable paper, .showing the teachers what to do in cases of fainting, poison by chemical compounds, cuts, bruises and broken bones, and bites l'rom poisonous reptiles. On motion of Dr. Joynes a vote of thinks was given Dr. JIanahan for his paper. The institute adjourned at 1.45. The following teachers were added to the roll: Misses S. X. and Janie Lemmon, Lila Woodward and Belle Cat heart. Fourth Dav. At 10.50 the Institute was called to order. The devotional exercises were conducted by Prof. Witherow. Miss McCants then continued her discussion ?n Reading, giving a very instinctive talk on "Phonier" and illustrating the distinction between the vocal and aspirate sounds or between the letters of the alphabet known as vowels and consonants. She proceeded to delineate many errors to which teachers are prone in teaching reading classes, and to suggest remedies for the same. She said that from her own experience she had discovered the fact that it was absolutely necessary that every reading lesson should be carefully prepared before hand, as a thorough understanding of the subject is indispensable to correct expression of the thought implied. This is only one of the very many valuable thoughts embodied in her paper. Prof. Davis, after the usual inter mission for discus-ion, commenced a talk on Written Arithmetic (first lesson), in which lie presented ami diacus?ed the following fundamental rules. If teaching simultaneously all ot the operations, addition, subtraction, etc., has been pursued until the pupils become fatnilliar with or know the number**, written arithmetic is simply a record ot* results. ? illustrate units under nuits or the addition of units by objects aud blackboard work, tii'?t without the use ot numbers requiring figures to be carricd from one column to auother in adding. Don't let children repeat the "addends" but .-imply call results. Counting on lingers bail, .should be prohibited. Snl>/n/rliru should he tailghl objectively. then recorded. Teach children in c wiiparinu numbers to look to the left place for relaiiVv* size of numbers. Here tlie open question, that in borrowing, -hall wy lake from minuend wr ado 10 subtrahend? was discussed. addition by ?ubstraction. 1. T>? in.-ure accuracy. -. To give pupil more practice with Je.-u trouble of giving example*. Muffi/jlirofi'jii ? I'rucicc with num bers nut too large at first. T?acll powers ami multiples, distinguishing between them. Drill in multiplication table lo secure facility in operation*, ^hoit methods good "but essential at lirst. Iht'i.ttoti ? sfiiall we use long division before .>h?rt? No. The new feature in long divisions being the trial lor a quotient and the bringing down of the new tiguie, we ] should generally use small division so as to make frequent trials. i'rove division by multiplication, j Teach relation of f.ctors and products i and of d'visiou, dividend, and quo-1 tieni. Require short division up to the ! division 12. Central Dhoti?m?Always remember the essential feature of a y new i operation and arrange examples ?o as ! to emphasize it. Have as rnticb mental! work as possible. 1).\ Joynes then in continuation of1 his lecture on English took for hi? J topic (onlay Grammar, thceretical and applied. Being a complete master of the subject he treated it in a masterly manner. To express it in bin own words, he "was on h:s native heath." ! The question box opened and a number of practical questions relative to school work were asked and answored. This wa> one ?.t' iUe most ; interesting features ??r ilie day's work, i 1 During' an intermission the >org, !"Ue! IJk ! Bo"! was sung bv I'roi. 1 Witherow, a-.sis ed by the Institute. i The following new names were added to the list: j Miss Grace Douglass, Biaekstock. j Miss Lula Trapp, Jennings. Miss Jennie Kennedy, Ridtreway. i Miss A. Belle Kennedy, llidgeway. J S. K. Hill, Welling. 'J'he following visi'urs enrolled them sslres: It. II. Jennings I. E McDonald, ; W. B. Gilbert 5th Day. The exercises were commenced | yesterday as' usual by devotional ex I ercises. Prof. Davis continued his I talk on Written Arithmetic giving some very good illustrations of the method of instruction by object lessons and ths method of impressing up*n the young mind the magnitude of members. Prof. Witherow came next with a very interesting lecture on sound. By means of a number of very ingenious experiments lie illustrated the fact that sound was more by the effect of vibration. He also illustrated the different kinds of vibrations. His talk was attentively listened to throughout, i During the intermission which fol-' 1 lowed, Mrs. D. V. Walker entertained j the Institute with some delightful I music on the piano. Miss AlcUants, tnen commenceu a talk 011 '-Spelling." Among other things she said that writteu and oral spelling arc no tests for each other; a child may spell admirably one war and very ]>oorly the other. A child should not be allowed to gue$6 at the spelling of a word as this evil practice may become habitual. Spelling should he introduced incidentally in | almost every recitation and not be confined to the regular time set apart for this exercise. That the difficulty which a great many persons have in getting the position of the letters eaiul i in such words as receive, believe, etc., may be greatly obviated by the use of the following rule. "The letter c follows c ami i follows the ether letters," she said that it is no credit to spell well but that it is extremely discreditable to spell badly and that proficiency in spelling can be attained #nly by continued practice. Dr. Jovnes distributed yesterday a number of sentences among the teachers requesting them to be prepared to analyze them and to answer any questions which he might ask on the subject. To dav owing to the limited < ^-'i i.:,. |,A time ujiout'u iu jus jc^iui^ ii\> announced that lie would be unable to carry out his original idea of showing i the analyses made by the teachers and that he would omit that part of the j program. lie then took the examples and made a complete analysis of each, carefully explaining the reason for I each step. j JUe spoke of grammar as theoretical and applied and stated that theoretical grammar is simply the science of the sentence and that applied grammar is only h help to us in the correct speaking and writing of the English language because correct speaking and writing depends largely upon association and other conditions, and grammar as a study can only be used as a step toward the attainment of this end. Don't introduce parsing as a punishment or imagine that it should be kept up forever. After the pupil becomes familiar with the method of parsing all of the parts of speech it is only accessary to parse such words as present some peculiar difficulty, to parse word after word of identically the same class, is simply valuable time thrown away. Dr. Jovnes recommended, that the pupils of the Fairfield schools be taught the simplest language as the etvnnrrtli lil'JllltV Of OUI' UCJ5I-J UlVr ^ language lie said consists in its simplicity. To illustrate this he read Tennyson's beautiful poem: "Break! Break! On Thy Cold Grey Stones O Sea/-' which contains 100 monosyllabic words out of the 110 words which the poem contains. Dr. Joynes talked beautifully on his subject and we regret sincerely that it is impossible to publish the whole t>f his address. The Institute will continue through to-day, it being' the wish of most of the teachers that the adjournment should not take place until to-day. Dr. Joynes was compelled to return to Columbia but Prof. Davis and Miss McCants will conduct to-day's exercise*. Last Day's l'rocwedinpi. The last dav?s proceedings of the I Institute were opened with the usual devotional exercises by Prof. Wither? w. after which half an hour was spent in discussing books and magazines that would be of benefit to the teachers. I Miws MoCants opened with a lecture , on Geography. The usual definition ! of Geography in our text bo?ks is not ! entirely true. Geography is really a j .study of t he earth in its relation to j man's needs. Two methods of tcach| ing Geography are now in use, the j Analytic and Synthetic. The first j years course in Geography should be entirely oral, in which the child should | be taught the ideas of position, direcj tion and distance. Teach the child the i use of maps by making him draw a ! proportional map of objects in the : room first and afterwards on a large scale. Maps show the relations of ' objects to each other and their dist tuce apart. Give him an idea of surface by making him examine the surface of objects in the school room, and j i then describe to him, or better still let ! him see by means ?f some object, the j natural features of the surface. Finally teach your scholars some simple mathematical facts of Geography. Give .i on,! cimnlA ; mem some iuw <>< ? o.w.r.^ : tion of the phenomena of the move-1 j incut of the earth and sun and their j relations to each other, the axis of the j earth, its poles aud equator, climate i and the atmosphere. j l'rof. Davis followed Miss McCant's j lecture with a supplementary one on I Earth and Man, the two great elements of our world. The earth is man's I prison-house as well as his heme, lie ' is confined within a space of live miles : above him and several thousand feet ! below him. Man has been very materially influenced by the circumstances in the "history of the" earth on which he lives. Hence to properly study history we must have a proper conception of j this earth. Physical geography is far more important than political geography. We should locate places by means of the physical characteristics of the earth. Teach a child geography by letting him see nature. If this is not practicable, secure cuts of scenery for the benefit of the child. Impress upon him the uneven surface of the earth and show him how necessary A this fact is (o the existence of man. Again show him that the physical! features "f tV- earth are nature's! doings ami nui iho work of man. Man is a mere pigmy and it is only by nattire's kindness that he is allowed to live. Heat and moisture are necessary to man's life. The more we have the more active and industrial our live* will be. Man's life and intercourse is effected by all the physical features of the earth either beneficially or otherwise. He cannot alter his surrounding circumstances, but in his insig-1 nilicance lie has to learn to natures's j will. The destinies of nations have often been decided by nature's works. Miss McCants was introduced and spoke on "Busy work in the schoois." Many teachers find great difficulty in keeping busy the little ones while at their seats with no assigned lessons for preparation. Idle children generally get into mischief. Then we snouirt get soincuiing xor u:e cuuu tv j do. It must not be play, it must not: be study. It should be something us pleasant as play anil as profitable as study. "Busy work" lias solved this important problem. The work to be useful must have ?ome relations to his other work. The form of "busy work" should probably be left with the primary teachers. To-day's "busy work" should supplement to-morrow's lesson. The lecturer here gave some very interesting methods of occupation for "busy work" as suggestions to the teachers. They would probably not interest the readers of Thk Xkws ani? IIkkald. The principles of the kindergarden are rapidly finding place in our common schools in primary work, j The kiudergurden system is founded j nnon tin: urincinle that every child is a ! worker, that a lazy child is an anamolv.! ; By introducing some of its principles j ! into the common school work we give j the child some idea of actual work, i and some practical information. The j whole idea of "busy work" has grown ! out of the kindergurden system. The | talk was one of rare interest and instruction and afforded the Institute many valuable points. This closed the regular work of the ! I Institute and Prof. Davis turned it j | over to Commissioner Milling. The Institute unanimously adopted j the following resolutions and re- ! I quested that the press publish them: Jlcsolced, That the sincere and cor- j dial thanks of the Institute, which are i j due, be and arc hereby tendered the j I citizens of Winnsboro for their very | I kind, five, and hospitable entertain- I luent of the same during the session] | of this, one of the longest, most in-j | structive and interesting meeting of j the kind had in their tewn; una we; are the more grateful and thankful for j this, because of the well known fact< thut in similar meetings held in other j localities, not far distant, the teachers j i hare to defray J1 expenses incident thereto?the citizens of those places not acting as those of this, who prompted, doubtless, by their innate hospitality and very high appreciation of all that pertains to the advaneej ment and improvement i.. education, entertain sumptuously and gratui- j j tously. And, by their presence in j j attendance upon the excrci.-es of the j j school, encourage us in perfecting aj j knowledge of our profession and j j waive their perfect right to exact of j us just pecuniary remuneration. \\"e j w?uld remember our faculty too, and j also tender them the need oi* praise for j their earnest, courteous, and efficient; effort in endeavoring to impart to us needed instruction, and hope they will continue to prosecute their good work throughout the State and return to us, in due time, fully equipped to make us perfect|in our laudable work, j JlesolccJ, Our worthy School Coin-} missioner too has ?ur heartfelt thanks, j and earnest co-operation in his en- j deavors to make us the model teachers j of the State, with the hope that he may be instrumental in giving us an Institute of this kind at least annually. Resulted. The press of the town also merits and is hereby tendered the most j cordial thanks of the Institute for its very clear, concise and truthful expo-1 sition of the various subjects discussed j by the faculty and members of the j Institute. Prof. Davis, in behalf of himself | and the other instructors, expressed their appreciation of the above resolutions, and congratulated the teachers on the unparaileded success of the j Institute. He thanked the press for i its detailed reports of the proceedings j of the Institute, and expressed his j satisfaction with those reports. Thus closed the Fairlield Teachers' Institute, attended by a success equal to the 1 pes of the most sanguine. Winnsboro has been happy to enter-! tain the teachers of the county and j will always receive with open arms j these brave battlers for the advance-1 ment of our State. The Institute adjourned at 1.4o p.m. sine die. LADIES Needing a tonic, or children that want up, should take Biwnvses IKON BITTERS. It Is pleasant to take, cure* Malaria, Iaaige?- ; Uou. aad Biliousness. All dealers keeo it For Over Fifty \>:irg Mks. Window's Soot it in-i Syi;*:* tvts i been used for over fifty v :?rs by n illions of mothers for their chil ten while teeth* ins:. With perl-.-ct success It sootnes the child, softens the gums, allays all pain, cures wind colie, and is the best remedy for Diarrhoea. It will relieve th? poor lit ile sufferer Immediately. Sold by Druggists m every part of the world. Twenty j live cents a bottle. lie sure and ask tor 'Mrs. W'insl ow's Soothing Syrup." and! 'ako no other kind. " 5-2lifxly JEW ADTKRTISEMEXTS ; T TT : rc | EPARKER'S HAIR BALSAM tod bMoitfM tk? hair. ryTeSffSfry *** ?*3* PrMH^u a iOKirlant yrc vfc. StT?r Tails u 2Mto;> G**y E?Ir to 1U Tcutiful C?lor. v -YftM Clue dUuM * k*rr Vil'iing. Wrtk J-u?c?. D?bU^r. XndifMdoo, y?ii?,T*i? i? tSax. JO?M. | &NJ?5i?SI!2^3l5S?rc??? (; K ATEFU L -CO M FOKTING. TTPPR'S nocoA. kcfrii * W W vw WMH> I BREAKFAST. "By a rlioroujh knowledge nf the natural 1 laws which govern the operations of digestion snd nntrltloh. and by a careful application of tha line properties of well-selected Cocoa. Mr. Eppa has provided our breakrast tables with a i delicately flavoured beverage which may save i us many heavy doctors'bills It is by the Judicious use of such articles ?f diet that a. constitution mar be gradually built up until stroD j enough to resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtln maladies are Heating around , us readv to attack wherever then*is a weak polur. We may escape many a fatal shaft by < keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and"a properly nourished frame."? Cicil Servtcr (iaztU*. Made slmDlr with boiling water or milk. Sold only in half pound tins, by Grocers, labelled thus: JAMKs KPI'S & C<>.,Homo;opathlc Chemists. London, England. j Wesleyao Female Iniite, 0 ' TAUNTON, VIRGINIA, Opens Sept. 17th, l.sui. One of the most thorough and attractive Schools for Young < Ladies in the South. Conservatory Course 1 in Music. Twenty-five teachers "and ofli- ] cers. Situation beautiful. Climate ur.sur- ( passed. Pupils from twenty States. Terms i low. Special inducements to persons at a distance. For the superior advantages of this celeluated Virginia School, write-for a . Cata.oyue to tlie President. . '.V A. HARRIS, L>. !>., Stauntou, Ya. 8-1OxSt Perfect Is impossible while the blood is impinre, lieno turbances, weariness, depression of spirits, ar the cause of these troubles by the use of Aye the blood, invigorates the system, and restc alike. Be sure the name of Dr. J. C. Ayer & C I have used Ayer's Sa?s*pariHa, from tide to time, for fifteen or twenty years past, and have found it to be the best of blood-purifiers. I think very highly of it as a spring medicine. It clears the blood from all bad humors, and im parts a woj.derful feeling of strength and | vitality."?Ira Leonard, Lowell, M.-.ss. "Last spring I suffered from general debility ar.d loss of appetite. I commenced to take Ayer's Sarsaparilla, and soon felt much better. By its contiuued use my strength was fully restored. Other members of my family hare been Kreatly benefited by it."?Samuel Brown, South Merrimack. N. II. ' I was a great sufferer froju a low condition of tlie blood and general debility, becoming, finally, so reduced that I was unfit for work. < Nothing that I did for the complaint helped me so much as Ayer's Sarsaparilla, a few bottles of i which restored me to health and strength. I ?>verv onnortunltT to recommend this medicine in similar case*." ? C. Evici, 14 E. I Maia st., Chilllcothe. Ohio. I Ayer's Sai Prepared by DR. i. C. AYER & CO., Price SI. Six bottles, $ ^ CHICHESTER'S ENQUSM. , mk ut DnctiM tor CVc>m?r,? Jh> I / Jj toWMM?Wil<?4rMis. 7tk?M I W Jif ill via* la >in?tio*H, kMM, fist w| 1 "B4 K9 ** Mtt|i Ut pvtiMUrt, icMtaoaOJ \ ry io,*o? tmIbmUil iwak. >> ? r Sold kr all I?ul PrugUU Mexicc Mus L A Cure for the . and A long-tested pain relieve Its use is almost universa Farmer, the Stock f requiring an effective No other application corr This well-known remedy years, almost general No medicine chest is com Mustang Liniment. Occasions arise for its us< All druggists and dealers STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, col'sty of haikkikld. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS. Silas W. Kuff, Daniel G. Ruff, William II, KufT, Martha S. McDowell, Jud.th W. Dubard, Mary E. Sims, Nmicy L. Lever and Jane J. Uuflfinan. IMaintilfs, against CartieG. Elkin, lviward Eilcin, <>r.ice Elkiu. David Koval Elkin, Jeter Eikin, Bunyaii Elkiu, Elliott Elgin, William Elkiii, Benjamin F.lkin, Marv El kin, Mary Ella Willinuiiam, Iioimra ii. Moor*, James Elkin, .J. Banyan Elkiu, Thomas W. Kuff, Wt-sley Kutland, OJhella Howell, Silas IJut!' Lever, -lames W. Lever, Jimuiie Lvles ami llenrv L. Parr, Defendants. ^u~mtaon\f>r JieUf. Complaint it oi be reed. To the Defendants abow-named : "V^OU ARE I1EUEBY summoned and reX. quired to answer the Complaint in this action, which is iiled in the ortice of the Clerk of the Court of Common Pleaa for the s*id Couri y, and to serve a copy of jour answer to the said Complaint oil the subscriber, at his office, So 1 Law Range, Winnsboro, South Carolina, within twenty days after th?- service hereof, exclusive" of "the day of such service; and II you lan to answei UK* vUiiipiuiu; wusmi the time aforesaid, the pla..!tiff in this action will appix to the Court for the relief demanded in* the Complaint. Dated 2nd September, A. 1). 1891. JAM ES G. M CCA NTS. Plaintiffs' Attorney. To the a!m nt Defendants Mary Ella Willinjjhiin and Iionora E. Moore : Take notice, that the Complaint iu this action, and the Summons, oi which the foregoing is a copy, were tiled in the office of the Clerk of the Court for Fairfield County, in tee State of South Carolina; at Wwmsboro, in the County and State aforesaid, on the 2nd day of September, A. D. 1891. D; ed Winnsboro, S C., 2nd September, 1891. JAMES G. McCANTS. Plaintiffs' AUoruev. 9-:jxG EICflAKGE FEED AND -SaLE - STABLES.? NOT I OK. \ LL person or person* haying r\ bought stock troin me Hi<d given their p:iyntilr on the first of October ami Xuve-ubrr, IS'Jl, will please prepare to in?et the same, as I am ob'iyc to collect, and those having notes carried over will please call and settle tliem at once, as they must be paid. I have a lew good Milch Cows for sale, or I will exchange them for dry cattle. 1 will also exchange cattle taping horses and mule*. FOR SALE. /"V..? CA^m.d.ho ti/1 PolntiihtK 11II V . UHC u??..u X nr. A. WILLTFOKD, Proprietor. Winnsboro, S. C. FAIR NOTICE IS herebv given to :U1 interested (whit*and colored) tiiat the usual Full Ex animation of applicrnts to teach m the public schools of Fairfield County will be field at Winnslioro:S. C , ou the first Friday in October next, from 9 o'clock a. in. to 4 p. rn. A. Y. MILLING, 9-15 S. C. F. C, THIS PAPIST?.RUkrt'?f<Hra^001,10 , , , . kweU*Co'g Kewspapet i.U*??rtUlB4'Bureau* 10 Spnioe SsAwhero advertising toaircu w*y U &a*U :*s u J VHW XORtt* Health e the frequency of headaches, stomach disid other uncomfortable sensations. Remove r's Sarsaparilla, which thoroughly cleanses >res health and strength to mind and body o., Lowell, Mass., L? on the wrapper. "For several years past I have rogrulariy taken Ayer's SaraaparUla, not to euro any speellie disease. but to toue up the system preparatory to the heated term. It always relieves that feeling of languor so prevalent during the spring months."?Henry H. Davis, Nashua. S. H. " If any who suffer from general debility. want of appetite, depression of spirits, and lassitude, will use Ayer's Sarsaparilla, I am confident It will euro them, for I hare used it, asd speak from experience. It is the best remedy I ?ever knew, and I have used a great many."? T. O. Lovering, Brcckton, Mass. " I suffered for over three years with female weaknesses, without being able to obtain relief. It waa supposed by the doctors that I was in consumption; but I did not agree with this opinioB, as none of our family had ever b?en afflicted with that disease, and I therefore determined to see what virtue there was in Ayer's Sarsaparilla. Before I had taken three bottles, I was cured. I can now do my work with ease." -Mrs. J. Crelghton, Highgate, Ontario. rsaparilia, LfiweH, Mass. Sold by all Druggists. 5. Worth. 85 a bottle. Red Cross Diamond Bxaxd Z\ iMi&r\\i\iS A ?W Ml? KaXe. riK.it> tt& 1or ml*. \'Ry uW diamtmd mramd la **4 md \w miliar kui mm muhktmmmt md jnmtlm, v fW. in 4mowmu MUterftki. A>Pr n^nw.f?ai ? ud IMMf fcr LedSee," in Umt, by Nin Mtft CHICH..T.R CW""Ci>^n^??Ag^rb in tana iniment. Ailments of Man Beast. :r. .i by the Housewife, the Raiser, and by every one ; liniment. ipares with it in efficacy, has stood the test of inns. plete without a bottle of i almost every day. have it ICOUNTY FAIR. J ! DON'T FOliGET TI! AT THE FAIR| FIELD ACitrCL'TL'KAL ASSOCIATION WILL WOLI) ITS ! FOURTH EXHIBITION* j The First Tuesday and Wednesday * ~ in November. j Thrsr Fxir.s have, l?v theirwondarfn? |growth lVom a?i humble beginning^ j astonished the hopeful nieu)ber& ?f the Association; and rlie Conntr has I a rijfht to feel a pride in the lined*'i pltty ot agricultural a.id gaiddn products, live stork and household article*. Fairfield has bcaien ?h Slate in the couutv contest, at;d she nuist do it airain. '. "lie Premium i^Jst has oeen mucn enlarged, so that Hie rewards will be of sufficient value to justify the trouble of exhibiting. If ymi haven't a Premium List got --ne, examine carefully, j and resolve to earn off some of the I money. i The ladies, who always command' | success, are etpccialiv urged to take an. active interest in thi? matter. The Association is neither sectional! I nor political. Lay a^ide animositiesand local prejudice and come together in honest rivalry, striving to add to? the materia) and social welfare of omr dear old County. KABIX. | rnilE JACK IiABUN will stand the 1 Spring season at my stable, neai Bucki head, and the Fall reason at C. E. Catli| cart's, l.ear Winnsboro. After the season: : is out, he will he at my stable, i Terms?Twelve Dollars and Fifty Centsi to insure. Money due as soon us it is. j ascertained that the mare is in loal; and it [tiaded oft' before the fact is known the ! amount must be paid. j Pedigree?Kabun is a thoroughbred! I Jack; was sired by imported jack Iroi'u j is pair.; his dam, imported jennet. ! Description?ltabun is seven years old;; ; blue color, with white stripe "down tli# j shoulder: black mane and taii: fifteein ! hands high, lar^e bone and feet; good con: dition. MOSES CLOWN EY, 9-flx2 Buckhead, S. C. ! A BARGAIN FOR YOU, | I OFFER FOR SALE, AT LOW RATES ; I mui ou eas> terms, all wy Household : Furniture, incIu<Jiim i Several nice Bedroom Suits, One Njiure Oiand Piano, i One Sewin*i Machine, Tal>le>, Chairs, (.'arrets, Jfce. ?AI*SO? | One Marvin Safe, One One-Horse Wa^on, i One Top lJuy;:y, One Surry, new. One Horse, or !>es* qualities,. Two Jersey Co a s. tiOC Feet Seasoned Flooring. ! -ALSOj One Town Lot, containing I -aer?*. One I.ot. containing acres. ! Ap: ly at once to JX->. T. CHALMERS. ; 1>-Sfx2w Wittnsboro, S. 1 TABLLTS. I HE UEMAINDEIIOF MY STOCK i * of T A ? W-u S9 | Lett over from last winter's purchase, will be ui cost. CHEAP AS DMT. W. F. AII?KS. LUMBE1&! LUMBER I j 1 AM located two miles from mv oI?l ! 1 stand. I have a full .stock of all kiuds i of Lumber on hand. Can saw any kind I you want at short notice. ".A. ABELL, K-l8tf Nelson, C.