Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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FOR FARMERS ONLY. SOME TiMELY SUGGESTIONS FROM RECOGNIZED AUTHORITYHow Farm Work May '? Prtfitably at this Season?Valuable Information on Sundry Points. Ei* Southern Cultivator. With this month the cultivation of tho main crops of the; farm common ces ir> earnest. On many farms com has already reoevcd its first working and should now be in a thrift v, growing condition. The old rixle of plowing over the crop every three weeks should not be observed, further than to be certain that the interval is never so long. Three weeks, as a rule,is too long an interval. If only three W!mvin<?s ?.re to be eiven. L 0_ w it were better to defer the first plowing until the plants liave five or six leaves (if the ground has not been before neglected, or has not been run together by heavy rains), ani then give the remaining two plowing? at intervals of two weeks. But we have found a still better plan to give only a partial plowing at each going ' * J.l. ^ over, say wo iuitows wilu u. swwp, or other wide, surface cultivator, and go over the crop every week or ten days in this way. We have before remarkedthat when two furrows with an ordinary sweep or smaller plow, are run side by side,the second furrowdoes but little over half work. For general purposes of cultivating corn and cotton we have found the Planet, Jr., Cultivator a most satisfactory implement. leaving little to be desired. The winged sweep or heel scrape is wvvl liiir ivn **vw?.r?<iiTiof_ live or six toothed cultivator is much better. We insist that a fouror live foot, or even six foot row, whether in com or other crop, should rarely have more -? than one round: or two furrows at any one time. Better go over the crop with two furrows to the row every ton days than to give four i'urfows eve;y rhree weeks. T..o d-.'p-plowing. root-pruning i.*- cultivation of conunr any otn-'i* < ; op, which has been advocated in '>. t t;:ui quarters, cannot sland the test of intelligent experiment. On very heavy, rough soils, where shallow, surface "ulture is impracticable an;; unsaUsInvtory, more or less deep plo'.rins nudincident.il root cutting may be tiie lesser of evils. It is better to cut :iu I mangle the roots somewhat, than to let the weeds and grass take the crop. As ;t general rule a s-rtaee cultivator, or other shallow running implement may be safely used whenever it will take the Boa and thoroughly disintegrate it to the depth of one inch. The idea that the essential object of cultivation of ? growing crop is to break the soil so that tke roots can penetfaie it in fallacious. Such breaking is ono of the principal objects of the preparatory r>lowinc before planting or at the latest, the first plowing. Subsequent cultivation serves to break the surface crust or prevent its formation. thereby permitting a free perco Lition of air into the root layer of soil, and preventing too rapid evaporation of moisture from below. The destruction of grass and weeds is a' secondary and incidental elfcct of surface culture, necessary, of course but of subordinate importance to the ' "? t I * xl. - ! tiiorougn accretion 01 trie sou. Of course every fanner will plant petis in Ids com fields if for no other purpose than to improve the land. The value of the pens harvested, either in the form of hay, or ripe seed, or pastured by hogs, is nearly always greater than the entire expenses of planting and cultivating the peas. Indeed the value of the planting seed and the labor of dropping and covering, comprise about all the expense up to the time of harvesting. JXCCUi. UJULl? IKJ KJUJi V> * C^Y^TVTJL A^JUV^y best way to plant peas in coin, in May, is to open a furrow with, a shovel in the centre of the corn middle, drop eight or ten peas every step, and cover with a cultivator, set to straddle the furrow with two forward tseth, permitting ths other teeth to stir the adjacent surface. With this plan in view it is preferable, even when corn is planted in hills, to have the latter wider one way than the other, so as to have the corn hills and the pea hills to pretty equally occupy the land. At the final plowing of the corn peas may be > sown broadcast for the purpose, first. of providing pasturage or hay; and secondly, to improve the land. But next month T,\*iil be timo enough to discuss the policy of pastiuing, or making hay of the pea-vines rather than permitting them to rot on the surface, or turning them under. COTTON. Assoonasth* cotton is well up, and sometimes before it is up, it is ^WU ]/i vv wivum-ucc x v ?* the fields, using a harrow the teeth standing backward. This breaks the crust and destroys the weeds more expeditiously than any oiher plan. The harrow should be run either along the rows, or diagonally across, as the condition of the land and crrop seems to indicate as better, j Of all the cotton choppers?so called j ?that wy have seen, those that are j operated by pulling them across the j rows five best result..-;. In the ab- I seuce of any implement of iiiis kind a common sweep, or heel scrape.rnay he eiieetively used on comparatively smooth, level land. We presume, however, that most farmers wIH ad1:?'9 to the old method of siding the yoiu)? plants, and then chopping out with the ordinary hand hoe. "When this method is practiced we advocate rapid work, rather than thorough. On smooth, old land, a hoe hand ought go over from one ana a half to two acres per day. By this plan the entire crop may be gone over in a neek or ten days, then go over immediately raid thin to a final stand, and clean thoroughly of all grass inaeae*sible to the plow. Cotton will stand more neglect than com, but frequent cultivation is important to its rapid and healthful growth and development. Surface culture should be the rule,usinj xlie implement that "will cover the greatest surface at a going, and satisfactorily pulverize the surface. After the first plowing, at least, but one furrow should bo run at & time (at one plowing in rows under four feet wide. That is to say. get as wide an implement as practicable and!do not! put two furrows in a middle if they j overlap more than than three or four inches. The three or four inches or more, thus overlapping, is practically labor lost. During this month the battle against grass and weeds is practically won or lost, especially in the cot- j ton field. It is indispensable that the early grass, that which comes up j ? . nri'i mwi irwo yv m. ui,tii> r*mm with the plants. be effectually de- j stroyed before it Las roamed a stage ! of vigorous grow tit. This curly crop ; ol' grass generally gives more trouble I than xucceedinggermiimtions.beeause; ! the cotton is small ami it is imprac- i j ticablo to cultivate it as effectively. ! The young cotton, <>n thin,light soils j ! especially, is apt to be infested by I : lice, and the stand ! .sometimes . 1j most destroyed. Science, which mis furnished many valuable insecticides i has so far offered no practical renit dy for the cotton plant louse. Good, | or well fertilized land, is the best : cni.mmt.pft of exeiuntion. the olant on &V.. A _ ; such land beins pushed forward with | more vigor. Good cultivation?keei>ing the surface in good, mellow con- j j dition?is the only practical remedy. : and it often fails when the weather ; is unfavorably cool. LATE CROPS. i On low lying lands?too cold and j wet to plant in March and April? j corn may now be planted, and wili j i be more likely to escape the dreaded j j budworm than if planted earlier. Sev- j ! eral years since a practical farmer ; gave the following as liis treatment of | ; com on lands subject to the depre- J ; dations of the budworm, or bill bug. j ! as we have heard it called: As soon I i as com is well rip scrape away the ! soil from around the stem of each I plant. Our informant stated that he } used for the purpose of removing the j surface soil an ordinal"*- steel or iron ' garden rake. i Successive planting^ of forage crops i sueh as chilled corn, millets, etc.. ; should be made every two or three ; weeks until mid-summer. We never saw on any farm too much green food, if of good quality. Every crop , that is tit i'or green foot7, caii be'con. verted into lia.v, or ensilage. SWEET POTATOES. , May is the month to plant out the ! main crop of draws from the bed. I ; April plantings rarely do as well, and | are never so easily cultivates as those j put out in May or Jmit. One of the i most essential points to be regarded ' hi securing a good setting of vigor ous plants, is to have good, wellrootcd, aud somewhat hardened slips, and to plant them only on fresh plowi ed beds. The practice of having the ! be ls already made- in anticipation of ! a rain. and th'-A planting the slips in ! the sodden soil, is not to be commend1 - ' ? i i' f O'.i. *> o *ouia greatly prersr nut w wait for a rain, but to make the beds afresh by bedding. or rebe-ddbig, ?e; the piniits in the fcrsi;. moist soil, than to plant just alter a heavy rain, I or without re-plowing the la::d. The beds should not be le ss than ;.U i'tvt iroiii ciown to crown, rather Hat, than sharp and high, and the plants set not closer than 18 inches in any I case. We prefer two feet, us fewer vines slid iess time for planting are required, and' better potatoes vrili result where the greater distance is glYfE. OTHER CHOI'S. In all tin? K'^iou north of the tropical sustfir-cane belt, r.n acre or two in sorgum for syrup, should be planted on every farm. While not us palatable as the syrup made from the true cane, yet," if made with proper ears on on" of the many evaporators now available, it comes in '^mighty handy" in mid-summer io help out the rations of bacon. It is probable that sorgum syrup costs h-ss than half as much to produce it as cane syrup, since very rich Lind. nor very high manuring is neccssarv to rcroduee a f lir yield. As a forage crop the Minnesota Amber is considered by many good farmers as equal to any. For this purpose it may be planted in succession until July], and will afford two or more cuttings of excellent food for horses and cattle. Iu conclusion we congratulate the farmers of the South on their steadily improving condition and the brightening prospects before them. I I'ovmaVC.' nf -LJJLC LJUUX UU^.LU.J KJJ ?1 '/,cu xtci Uivxo \^x ! the country arc a mighty power in the land. Let organization and co-! operation continue and be perfecied, to the uplifting of our calling, the general advancement of our industrial classes?the real wealth creators of the country?and the reformation of legislative abuses that have resulted in well nigh enslaving nine-tenths of the population of this Nation to the remaining tenth. Farmers, as individuals, and as a class, ought to i.VL-p mi nr-Kvp intarAst in tlif in fins trial and economic questions of the clay, and make the will of the toiling masses the law of the land. Let unjust discriminations in favor of one class, let legislation to make a few rich men still richer while the great majority are staggering under the weight of insidious and disguised taxation, be abolished. By thus interesting themtelves in these great questions, and ULiu .triicc, ai^umciitoaiiu vv/tco ; in moulding and shaping public opin- i ion aud the legislation of tb*2 country, I the farmers do not necessarily be-i come politicians individually.nor does their organization become a great political party. Politician is a word that has come to mean simply anoffico seeker for office sake. Beware of Iho leadership ox such. i Many letters are received by tlie j i P. P. P. Co. lroui paiieilis, saying ! ihey had used such and such a blood I purifier and snrsaparilias. menti'-nj mg their names and stating tiioy did 1 no good. :md rhev did not get well i ! until P.' P. P. {Prickly Ash. Poke Root and Potassium) was tried. These : letters we started to publish, when j the various manufacturers wrote us fearful letters, and we discontinued same, but P. P. P. (Prickly Ash, Poke Root and Potassium) is triumphant on every occasion, and has ! made a- h.ost of friends ki cures of ?- ? 't i r< _ # _ t>1 ...1 I oypniiis. i.\ucumeaszn,ocroiuiu. x>iooa Poison, Dyspepsia, Malaria and Female Complaints. Allen G. Thnriaan. "I have just returned from a visit to Ohio." said an enthusiastic Washington Democrat, "where I met Allen G. TLurman, and bad a long chat with him. His head is as level and his heart is as warm as ever, but he ;<a ? n'tflo ?!>-iirv nn 1n'?i rrnis "Will lia | l>e a candidate again for Vice Presi I'll? Xo. Nothing would tempt , ii! .> to ran again, not even the unanim '.is voice of a Democratic national convention. He realizes he is growing old. and has no desire for public life- His home life is a very liappy one, and his mind is fully occnnipil. Rpsidr>s that lieis looked un i to iii Ohio to day as lie never was be-! fore. Understand me. I know he al- j ways had warm friends. God bless : him. But to-day lie seems to have j no enemies, and his opinion and ad- i vice are eagerly sought by men who j have been aguinst him in the years j none by. I believe he will come to 1 Washington soon on business. Don't j you think we ought to give him a re- ; ccption if he does?"' BUTLER TO TILLM.O. I A REPLY TO SOME CHARGES AS TO ) FERTILIZERSAji Ajipoal ! ? the Record and the Laws? ! Tiisiimi Ke?;ut<ied t<> Prove ??r !l tract. 'v* . S. C., MivV .1-3, 283 ii.ii. Tiilmaii:?In tli<- ik-v.*:.- j j paper repoi is of your speech at Aj?- j | dersoi: on jIuv lUtli. you aiercpo; Led us charging, substantially. that the d^pammnt of agriculture lias per. milled the farmers of South Carolina, to be defrauded iu liie purchase of commercial fertilizers by failure to ! punish nuinufacturers whose goods full below their guarantees. You arcfurther reported to have said that you could prove all that you charged, j j tliKl IJUOlfU iXWlil tilt: iiiinui.li x cjau i/ >.?i | the department for the year 18SG as authority ui>on which to sustain your statement. Tin- legal penalty in regard to iicieni fertilizers is seizure, condem^ ! nation and sale, and because tluu I | penalty has not been inflicted you j | deny that any other penalty has been j I imposed. This provision of the law cannot be enforced, for the sufficient reason that when the analyses are made the fertilizers have been put in the ground and are out of reach of an action of the kind prescribed. Tliis defect in the law hits been reported to the Legislature, and could have been amended if that body had thought it necessary or desirable. That this has not b?en done, forces me to the conclusion that the repre-1 sentatives of the people honestly believe that the existing laws were suliicient, or that th<- action of the department itself hud made amendments u5ineeess:u v. While, therefore, wo have not} seized and sold deficient fertilizers, j we liavc detected and exposed all deficiencies, as the very report from which you quoted shows. Finding that the law did not reach the case as contemplated, the department resorted lo the publication o! j the manufacturers' guarantees alongside of the oliieial analyses, printing in italics those brands failing below the guarantee. This directed atten| don immediately to all deficient brands. It should bt> understood, V il.-l -1 ~ .1 i 1 j iiowovez"} wiiiu me urpu* L.LutiAio u.<v-.i | never undertaken to eiercise tlie judicial authority to declare which, if any. of such brands were fraudulent This penalty, voluntarily imposed by the- department, was, after detection, put upon every brand, no matter how slight the deficiency. In one case this deliciency amounted to only oue hundredth of one per ccnt. of potash, the cheapest ingredient used hi commercial fertilizers. The department could not say that this was a fraud any more than it could officially pronounce other brands fraudulent where the differenoe was greater. Just wluit constitutes fra\id is aquesj.:? i_x? : 3 1 I UULL tU UU UCtWllllilPU vj Uiu tuiu w alone. There may be a difference of opinion as to whether merely exposing the deficiency was sufficient punishment, but the Legislature has so regarded it. because it has for ten years failed to provide other punishment, even after the defects in the law had been officially reported. But the best evidence of the effect of this method of punishment is found in the subsequent reports of the department. This plan (of italicisisg deficient brands) was iirst adopted in 1881. An examination of our reports since j that tiinv will show that there has j been a steady improvement in the value of fertilizers. It was not expected that it would in o.ue season result in bringing every brand up to the guarantee, because new .brands are being introduced every year, and the manufacturers of such brands, not having realized the effect of this penalty, might iakc risks that those who had been once exposed would afterwards avoid if possible. "With the exception of the aminoniated fertilizers in a single season, the iinI provement in the grade of fertilizers [ has been marked. Take, for instance, \ ullt; v iSl y ;vu ow fivu | in making your charges. It is there j shown that the averages of tho manufacturers' guarantees for amrnoniuted fertilizers for that season were; Available, phos. acid. 8.22'per cent. Ammonia. 2.18 per cent. Potash. 1.49 p?:r cent. Commercial value, $20.79. ! The averages of the analyses by j our chemist were: Available phos. acid. 9.30 per cent. Ammonia. 2.01 per cent. Potash. 2.17 per cent. Commercial value. ?14.17. Now this shows that, taking the general sales throughout the State, these goods: Tor that reason exceed the manufacturers' guarantee in: Available phos. acid. 1.08 per cent. Ammonia. 0.53 per cunt. Potash. 0.C8 per cent. Commercial value, $3.o<S per ton. Why did you not explain this also? Was it because you had determined to denounce tlio department of agriculture. regardless of facts, and simply made use of such garbled extracts as suited f ho purpose yon had in view? I am forced to that eonclu -- ft I ? 4-1.? ?.. I SiOZl. i?j wjujmijuuu u\ tiiu j.lul ? I th<.*r reply you arc .said to have mudo ! when you were asked what had boi come of tho money of the department ! and replied that- you ''did not know." The report in which you found so : much to condemn, contained, as you we]l knew, an itemized statement of eyorv expenditure made by the department for that year. You, therefore, did know the purposes for wincJi it Jtiaci oeen oip?nuea, ana your answer was worse than a simple evasion of the question. You have assumed that all fertilizers found deficient are fraudulent, and that in all such cases the fanners j are swindled. The agricultural value of many brands of this character is | not affected by the slight deficiencies j detected, but all are published, because consumers have a right to know the exact results obtained. It is of-1 ten the case that the comrnerciid value of such fertilizers exceeds the guarantee. But. there being a difference between commercial and agri-1 cultural value, we regard anil treat [ any brand falling below the guar an- j tee of any element of plant food as j "deficient.'* You, ignorantly or ma j Mciously. take extracts from n table j compiled in talis way to show ! that all deficient fertilizers are h and-; ulent. !, The imperfections in tlio fertilizer j law have been admitted and pointed j out and efforts made tu correct them ; but until tliat is done the department j; of agriculture can only execute suck ! laws as exist. At the risk of again being charged with collusion with the manufactu- ; rers, I will say that, in my opinion, j < * / ... ;V mt i II m iii ammmmm it mmM mm mm**nrnt aw-qnti based upon citi'-isl esperien'-f* for the List ten years, the laanuiaciuicr v/ho . deliberately and intentionally attempt to ciefriiud the farmer is the exception: aud further, I believe that in -very ease where thin has been ot- ^ tempted it has failed of sues v. *s, V..? cause of iiie department's x;i|>ei vi- ' siou. If you know anything to ;!.< ? ?>!,iraiy you should stal?- it. I therefore challenge you >>: p j to one instance where the fax ! i iners have l>een defrauded by the manufacturers of fertilizers wh.gro.rt such fraud was not punished with all the power that the department had < at its command, and demand that 1 you make good your charge or re- : tract it. A. P. Butlek, * Commisioner of Agriculture. * A PEN PICTURE OF BEN TILLMAN- j A Lively Description of tin; Gentleman 1 Who was Suggested for Governor by 1 the Farmer*' Convention of South Car- 1 olina. ( In his report of the fju mors' meet- ( ing at Anderson, S. (J., Mr. A. B. A\"il- ' liarns of the (ireenviite -News draws ' the following picture of Capt. 13. R. ] Tillman: | ''The Hist time I saw Bon Tillman j was on that momentous day in the fall . of 1870 when the Edgeliekl and Lau- ] reus delegations to the House of Representatives were stopped at the i door of the State House by Federal ; troops. It was just after the most ' serious crisis this country has known since Fort Sumter was fired on? j that tremendous fifteeen minutes uur- i ing which a mass of infuriated South ' Carolinans were waveiing between obedience to thedesperate impulsethat ~ i 1 jiiw > c v.i uu. > tt-li*. u liajul. i\ and storm the door of the State , House over the small group of blue \ clad men representing; the Federal ; government, ami the pleadings of < reason and patriotism expressed by 1 Wade Hampton standing' upon the < steps half way between tlie opposing ; parties. The danger was over for a time: the shot that would have map- j ped the strained bonds that hold the ; people of the two parties throughout ( the country had not been fired. Ben Tillman was just insido the door of the State House,leaning against one of the big fluted pillars there. His breeches were in his bcuts and his ; dress in iio wny diliored froai that cf 1 hundreds of rut'ii who were there < that day from ti-i*. farms of every part of Slate. noticeable because Lie wits apparently lost in thought of something far o:T while everybody cine was watching with painful eargeraess the events immediately parking and because iiure was about his mouth a cynical and half mocking expression as if he disapproved all that was being said and done. Somebody said it was Ben nrt:n T JLlllLiMUl. 1. UO JJVl< ?CjiilCilXUC-l SCL'lUo him Again until yesterday and did not hear of liini again in eight years. Yet tkera was something in his personality that impressed me without the speaking of a word or the movement of a limb. On all the many occasions in recent times when I have heard or road of Ben Tillman he has come to my memory as he Tras then. "Close and curious study of his form and face since we met on the train bound here yesterday does not enlighten me as to why this ipan has remained in my memory while thousands of others whom I have seen and talked with and been in many j places and ways thrown witn ^nco then have faded from it. He is not a large man?just a little above medium height. He is slenderly but compactly built?not a model in build or carriage or mould of limb, and not noticeably awkward. He dresses neatly, wearing apparently for this campaign a black diagonal suit. Probably the noticeable feature of bis lace is his mouth. He has, as Carlyle said of Daniel "Webster, y,n ";mgrf" ahut mouth. It is inclined to droop just at the comers after run- : ning straight across his face. It is shaded by a rather snort and scanty moustache of redish shade.' The noso is well cut, prominent and shapely. Mr. Tillman's one remaining eye is dark and hazel, full, clear and bright?decidedly a iine eye and impressing one with the idea tkat he lost his best feature when the other was unfortunately destroyed. liis , hair is dark and without gray, his < forshead is seamed with some lines ; of thought or care, lie is forty-four years old and doesn't quite look like | it. That is the man as nearly as words can photograph him as he up ; in ''He is rather demonstrate o?a ; little boisterous perhaps?in imre- , strained association with his friends, j He has a curious habit when amused ( of doubling up suddenly at the waist ' and enjoying his "laugh, to which he seems easily moved, almost in silence. 1 He talkii easily and clearly, ending a sentence now and then with a somewhat Hat <lr;3vl and pulling those depi eased corners of his mouth down? a trick of voice and feafcui e shared br his elder brother, "Ur-V.s tJaorj.'." j He is not a handsome xn?u and not ., an ugly one; his face is u strong one ] and there is something in it Lhc-.t iimpresses itself on the memoir. He is ; not an illiterate mau and only need- ] sionaliy drops into the m bUs? i.f bn-' j grammar, winch is :i hab;t many 1 Southern public men Lave ill spuiik-: ; -% ?_ ; ' lug to a jnixciiftudionca. ii j uoe?n i; use tobncro. doesn't drink -;tys: j lie hru nearly biokc-i: ui:u : .Ii o" i shearing; am! Ijp lira k lading voice which hf liJccs to uso ias.iugirig ' old-fashiored hymn tones." < The DoftfHear. That sounds miraculous, and yet' one mar become temporarily deaf on j < account of blood poison settling in j 1 ilJLJ.tr CLfcl, CLLj.ll L-ilCJ-l 1XJ.IV4. 4mvik I.V.4JLVJL. .jy Ubing 13. B. B. (Botanic Blood Balm.) 1 John W. Weeks. Decatur, Ga.. writes: "Six months ago I had r. pain in my car and in a few -lays it discharged matter. Then I grow deaf ?i*d could not hear at nil. I be<?:ui the use of B. B. B. and the running of 1113* ear soon ceased find I now hear, while my health is much improved and I feel full of gratitude to God and to the proprietors of so good a remedy." S. M. Ellis, Atlanta, G a., writes:; "B. B. B. cured me of most viuhhoui i eczeaaa. I had doctored it without success for twelve years." W. H. Dans. San Marcos. Texas.; writes. "Iam rapidly ro^ ovenng from : blood poison by usj of 13. I>. I>. ! 1 i . , ?The capital stock for a canning-; ( factory at "Williamstou. S. v.:is : f qoirkiy raised. It will in> us working ' ' order jii a short tune. i ?The Greene county. C.t., AUi- ' ance have resolved that they will <ick . to "cotton bagging." and that here- ; after, in purchasing supplies such as j com. oats, guano, etc.. thr-y will give preference to such as are put up in c cotton sacks. t V f \ ' HOW THcT EAT. fi:e Virions Ways in v. .Vc"t Living Creatures TiTlo Thcii' Fao;J. That peculiar eehiaold, the sea urchiD lave live tcet!i in live jaws?one iu :aeh jaw?a!i thy live i 111 ruedlately i;rr;?:?n Hair lit:.- stomach. The jawiaiv a jxaraliaf iviii ralizod motion, all aniir.-- inward and downward. so that !;.-v a!>o ::el a - udders. ^ Stiaiis iiave tc^th on their tongues, luiulrciis ot llKMll. mi:, u uiese :ot enough. some have them also in heir stomach. ' The cuttlefish. which among other 1 strange things always walks with its lead downward. does not chew its food . it a'!, hut masticates with its gizzard. ( >o do geese, fowls, ducks, and indeed ill modern birds. Seizing their fox1 11 their beaks, they swallow it whole, 1 f grain or seed, and in large pieces if ( t be fruit or bread. In that condition i t goes into the gizzard, a powerful miscle, with a very tough, horny, lin- ] ng, which acts as a mill, being sufli- ( iiently powerful to pulverize uncooked :orn. To assist in the miiling process ill grain-eating birds swallow little juices oi gravei, glass. >, jictal, etc., the horny interior of the 1 rizzard being sufficiently tough to es- ( ;ape cutting by these materials. It is jeeause of this fact that the ostrich has , icquired iiis reputation of enjoying :i j ferruginous <!iv.-r. ?vuu when they had teeth birds onh' ' ised them to take their l'oo'l, depending upon the gizzard for mastication ] :hen as now. ; i'ishes and reptiles use their teeth j [or tlie same purpose. that of taking ioofl, but iike tlie birds, they gnip , down their food unchcwerf nud un- , broken if possible. however. executions. The ray. or .skate, for instance, has a mouth set transverse!} across its head, 1 Llie jaws working with a rolling mo- J Lion like two hands set back lo back, [u the jaws are three rows of llat teeth, set like a mosaic pavement, and between these rolling jaws the lish crushes oysters and other mollusks like so many nuts. Tiie carp's teeth are set back on the pharynx, so that is may be literally said to masticate its food in its throat. The carp, too, is about the only cudchewing lish. the coarsely swallowed food being1 forced up to these throat teeth for complete mastication. Some ilshes are absolutely toothless, like the sucker and lamprey; others again have hundreds of teeth, some' ? A- - times so many t;>at u;cy covcr an puns | of the mouth. The great Greenland whale has no teeth, its baleen plates, or whalebone, taking their place. Along the centre of the palate runs a strong ridge, and on each side of this there is a wide depression along which the plates are inserted. These are long and lint, hanging free, and are placed transversely?that is, across the month, with their side parallel and near each other. The base and outer edge of Ue plates are of solid whalebone, buL the inner edges are fringed, filling up th? interior of the mouth and acting as a strainer for the food, which consists of the small swimming mollusks and modus?, or jeliy nslies. The whirie rarely, ii ever, swallows anything larger than 5 1 ' -U??!!> / ? uevi?u?, auviLio >/i gsuxii being entangled in t!<* fibers t!i? baleen. t!i^ water which does not escape from the mouth being expelled by the blow holes. Though i!.e cavity of this whale's mouth is big enough to contain :t ship's long1 boat, "the <rn!!et is not, larger than a man's li.-t. Th? lower jaw has neither baleen nor teeth, but has large, iieshy lips within which the upper is received when l"he mouth is closed. While the Greenland whale has nc teeth, th? sperm whale has them in great quantities on the lower jaw, and uses them, too, wlicu occasion requires On the other hand, the uarwhale ver\ seldom develops more than one. tin left upper canine. It makes up i'or List lack of number by the oxtaronliuary growth attained by this one tooth. It grows out and right forward, ou a iins with the body, until it becomo3 a rentable tusk, sometimes reaching the length of ten feet. Apropos of tusks, the elephant's are its unduly developed upper incisors: those of the walrus are its upper canines, and so are those of the wild hog. Man is the only animal that has teeth?incisors, canines, and molars? of an equid. height. Man, the ape, and nearly all ruminants, have thirty two teeth.' The hog, however, is better off than this, and has forty-four. So hare the opossum and mole. The fiver dolphin of South America lays far beyond this however, having no less than 222 teeth. Teeth are no part Df the skeleton, but belong to the appendage. like skin and hair. The sturgeon is toothless and draws in its food bv ssction, but the shark has hundreds of teeth set in rows that sometimes number ten. Lobsters and crabs mastieaie their food with their horny jaws, but they have also sets of teeth in theirstomaehs, < ivi ere they complete the work of chewing. But the re is one peculiar kind of : srar*. caiieit rr.o kmir or norsesnoe , :ra!t. which chews its food with its le^s. Tiiis is an actual fact, the little animal ' ^rindin^ its morsels betv.ve 11 its thighs before it parses them over to its mouth. The jelly 'isii absorbs i?s food by wrapping itself around t!ie object ivhich i; seeks to make its own. The ?tarli>ls is t vei: more accommodating. Fastening ilsei:' i<> liie iu- iiL ?? to feed oii. i: mrus its stomach inside , 3!'.l and enwraps irs prey with this use- | [ul r/ri'ar.. l)o^>.-!-i/<: lheir food with their jaws, | ill"! SO Jus I5IU ??l mcui | piTssiuif i':? ir fails i;uo ser- j i:i-e. in.- .-ijii.n<. ; u->r- its paws to j irarry its fuoi! if-; iisonti:. thy e!?;- | its ir;i: k. praise. aiitoater, | 11H !c:i;l L;! >. i Sr,i?i<-rs c:k w v?. '.? with horny j jaw-, whirl. 3iv to give i juilf a ui;>. ] (.Ir:i.v!ioji;>'ji*s a:ul locusts are very i k\-?I u.-ctecto.! with the lu-cessury ma- ; :-liinory for and often. ( L'hcy have sa'.v-I!:.t( jaws ami gizzaru.% ; :oo. tite latter bviti^ tilL-jil out with j lonnr teeth. I-!.., tn-rt i j.-.r/s.*-.f trsnsvorscl}*, and j to sueh ji'ootl advantage thai ^ ic cat*.-three or four times his own ? .vcighs?e\cry day. Toa^, tortoises, turtles, and most \ izards have no teeth. Frogs havo j eeth in their upper jaw only. Ant- ? jaters, sloths, and armadillos have no ? eeth. The lion ami the ti^ox-, and, indeed. ? nost of the carnivora, do not grind | heir food. using their jaws only up and | iov.n, the molars acting like chopping | cnives, or rather scissors: Their | noutbs, iu fact, are a veritable hash I ? nili. 11 The hutterllv Dumps nectar into it-| g e!f through a tube, aud bees and iliea j ? ucks up their food with a long tongue | ? ;r a proboscis. | j Tiie spider s mouth is quite a com- I : dicated aJiair. It has fangs for hold- ; f. ug its prey, masticatory* organs for ! jjj nuisiug its solid food, and a sucking ' St tpparatus for taking up the lluids. 1 ? Juitc as complicated is the mouth oi 1 ? he mosquito, which consists of the j ? antes, the saws, and pumping tubes. | t The leech has three saws, with which 1 I sftin-ifift in the nhlebotomv ' j J O" - ? - xr - y ^ hit?. The woodpecker has a three-barbed , cij^uo like a Fijian's spear, with ; vliicli it draws out the worm which-it I ! :us excited by its tapping. The clam feeds with a siphon and th? i | )ystL-r wiih its beard. * Si range ;iud curious as some of thsga ' ; \ a* movkMxmnmn t* *m~ii*Tn?9ky ^ >?'; * <-i Ii:ian*. iio'.wver, tliuv . oi :: *iis eoirst>.u'ti in i}i!?i>lici'y aiiii ; 1 -.'Ci; VCiiOSa Wji.i !!!;; l pi'.it'l ii'-.-v! i:V I ilc '' <r A Ol'IlS. i ills cri'iUUlV' !:US IiClliid ::t>r slnmach, !>ut just I.-iys ulon^ j ! :'! aii.-orhr ai:va<iv ?iilvi?C 4 ? C . .sis ALLIANCE ECHOES. i ltvm> ?>! i?.irr si s:iut;;u? th* j C'Jitditiuit. an<i I'lii-ports <>t t!??.- j (Sl'lJe'. ?Tile i'&i'iners Alliance of Henry vjirnty. G*., will build a coiton warei ?use at McDonoujjfc. ?The Alliances in youth. Carolina ire going to use cotton bagging tliiw toming season without fail. ?The TJpaon county. Ga.. Alliance. . propose to organize an agricultural ;lab to discuss j^attevs pertaining to ;h i farm. ? Xiiv x aiiuvi? ttxiAi [n.lusirial Union, ami the State Agrijvdtural V.'keel of Mississippi hare jonsclidated. ?The Anderson (-aunty, Tex.. Alliance favor :i uniform system of school 5 joks,and a Railroad Conimis.siou.and ):>posc issuing bonds. ^ ? The Leon county, Fla., Alliance propose to have a rousing exhibit of ihe products of the county at the Exposition there in December next. ?Col. Burgess, of the Georgia Al Li.ince v^UiUierxy.irit-s ms vaiivl caKu* in cotton seed oil. He lias an excellent oilery, raid not a larder. ?General Joseph E. Johnston has consented to unveil the equestrian statute of General Robert E. Lee, May 29th. Br&diield's Female Regulator wi31 mre irregularities or ier&pgemenis peculiar to woman. The sufferer houid use it Sold by alldrugg:sis. A fact worth knowing is that blood diseases which till other medicines f:;il to cure yield slowly but surely to the blood claensing properties of P. P. P. (Prickly Ash. Poke Root and Potassium.) ?The Farmers' Union, of "Webster Parish. La., favor the creation of a Railroad Commission, and endorse ti:c Govern jy m refusing to accept a gift of $100,000 from the Louisiana State Lottery. ?R. L. Burks, the efficient secretary of the Farmers* Alliance of Georgia reports the continued growth of the order. He sent out eighteen ne^" charters in ten days, and the cry is, ".Still they come.'' People wonder when they find how rupidly health is restored by taking P. P. P. (Prickly Ash, Poke Root and Potassium.) The reason is simple, a;-: it is a powerful combination of the roots and nerbs of the home woods. ?The directors of the Terrell count.v. Alliance met recent It. and declared a dividend of 20 p<jr cent. Tliis added to a 25 per cent, previously declared makes a dividend ci 15 per cent, on the capital paid iz>. Good enough. ?The Farmers' Alliance of North Carolina have pledged themselves not to civo their support to any candidate for the Legislature who is not known to be in favor of a railroad commission for North Carolina, nor any candidate for Congress who "will not pledge himself to exert his bw;-i efforts to secure the early enactment 01* tie bill before Congress known as : the sub-treasury bill. ?The Crooks county. Ga.. Alliance indorsa the action o? the State Executive committee rnrceoELaiending all nominations to be made by primary elections, and request the Democratic executive committee of Broe>ks county to order all nominations by primary elections confined strictly to the Democratic party: and pledge themselves to support the nominees so made. ?The Greene county, Ga., Alliance Las resolved to support no man for Governor.Legislature or Congress, or other office of trust in the approach ? i t 1 - - i. ,1 mg elections, wno nas not provcu himself to be in full sympathy -witli tlie principles of the order; and who is not avowedly opposed to the payment of the per diem of legislators absent from duty, without providential cause; and who will not agree to give to the agricultural interests his best support first, last and all the time. ?The ministers of ^Montgomery, Ala., request stiie Southern Exposition not to permit the demoralizing feature of bar rooms, beer gardens, pool selling, ^'pigeon shooting, cock lighting and gambling on the grounds during the Exposition. ?The wife of J. H. Cooper, cashif-r of the Old Dominion Steamship Company. of New York, arrived at Richmond on Monday morning per steamer, with a party of friends. "While sit-iug in the capitol grounds. she suddenly died from apoplexy. iui*niii?CTlHfc'iim ^ I FOB TIRED | I MAN km WOMAN. J ^ P. r. P. will purify and vitalize your P j -j blood, ovate a good appetire and give your i?j j ?.< whole system tone and stre:>f?th. A pro:niner.t railroad superintendent at ?4 j ;:i Savannah, suffering with jla'aria, Dyspep- ! :-j sin, and Rheumatism says: "After taking ^ 1 '{ P. P. P. he never felt so well in his life, and ^ ! 'J, feels as if he could live forever, if he could [j always get P. P. P." gjj j a If you are tired out from over-work and gS i ?1 close confinement, tako g I p. p. p. Ij H If you arc feeling badly In the spring p 1 J and but of sorts, take " I J P. P. P. fj 5 If your digestive organs need toning up, ! ? take* ? | j P. P. P. 1 5 If vou suffer with headache, indigestion, sj a debility and weakness, take jgj ? D D D ? a r. r. r. g 7 If yon suffer with rervous prostration, fe; | nerves unstrung and a general let down | of the system, take ' j*5 | P P P $ 2 2 o M m ' Y*? 55 a For Blood Poison. Rheumatism, Scrof- jg} 3 nla, Old Sores, ilalaria, Chronic Female 2 Complaints, take g I P. F. P. | | Prickly Ash, Poke Root | j and Potassium. 1 T!if> hest blood nuriSar in the world. N i LIPP21A2T BROS., "Wholesale Druggists, IjS ' Sole Proprietors, M - L-rpilof'a Block, Savannah, Ga. ^ K&SE&'S' : vSAIsi SAiSAS* T Salter. GrayJ f < Ih-V- y?.'""V : ( A \ f \ T?= * I? / \ V: fT'T) H I , * x V i Shin i lib i * ? vifc 1 li When sclictiJ to rusure is; r-..3K ? v?"rr ? : ?,f? & ? * j? i .* J !.'*.< s ^ . * j A ? m.1 * i > J o '? O "\7?7 Is entitled to your first consul emtio] u'luony ibo Life Insurance Instiiutio] iulvautahes in all tho features of iinancial seci;rity. 1. It is the GUest active Lif? Insuran 2. It is the L:irgest Life Insurance C< 3. It is the Strongest financial Institu ing to more than One Hundred an< 4. It is the Safest Company in which 5. It is the Cheapest Company hi ' returns reducing tlie final cost of Company. C. This GREAT CORPORATION 1 policy holders in Cash Surplus. in of $73,000,000. which is nearly el Combined Returns attained by the EI DEPOSIT YOUR SURPLUS MONEY IN THE COMMERCIAL BANK, -OECOLUMBIA. S. C. One dollar and upwards receivedInterest at the rate of ? per cent, per annum, paid quarterly, on the first days of February, May, August and November. Married women and minors can keep account in their own name. Higher rates of interest allowed by special arrangement. C. J. Iredell. President. Jv'A ft T.T* * "D7TA T>rp _T 4 ^riTC Tt>VTM?TT Vice-President. Cashier. I DRV fl! in WH THE rOLLOWIXG LIXE Or' MACHINERY. TALEOTT & SON'S ENGINES AND BOILERS, SAW MILLS AND GRIST MILLS, VAN WINKLE, H > LL AND SUlvIMEE'S COTION GINS. ACME DOr BLE-SCRE W COTTON PRESS: THOMAS DIRECT ACTING STEAM PRESS, -SAILOR" SEED COT- ' TON ELEVATOR, Tlie most- ixrfect in use. All kinds ~r \zrc\t-\T\ T>"TV^i "VTA nPTTXT? Ui V* \J\J?J~ \ 1 VXU.1J.-.1 EKY for Planing liills and Sasli. Door and Blind Factories. BRICK MACHINES. Complete Oil liills and Ginneries designed and equipped. V. C. BEABHA3I, Gen"L Agt. 03 IMs;n Street, Columbia, S. C. THE TALBOTT ENGINE IS/THE J BEST ON THE PIANOS AMD ORGANS. The improved rr^thod of fastening striads of J'iiiucs, i;i veiled oy us is one of the most important improvements e\er made, making the instrument more richly musical in tone, more durable, and ieos Ilubxe to get out 01 tune. Both t!k- Mason & Ilamlin Organand Pianos excel chiefly i:\ that which is the chief excellence in auy musical instrument, quality of t i-e. Oth^rthiii^s, though important, are much less so th sa this. Au instrument with unmusical tonc^ canaot be good. Illustrated cataloguesofEetr sty es, iutrcduccd this season, seut free. j Masosa & Mamliui OUGAN andPIANO CO., BOSTON. NEW YOIiK. CHICAGO. , ' - . . > , . "?> TO . . -xst :&-i - v bsit^a.tion la a tboe sot frc-brtii ttli AimiuriaJ troubles. Frio if& :izu. i"cr by drcggists aad met -asjjfci- Hciuiisctarwl by TFK 5 iRRSTT D2UG 00. A-Wui* ,4A .IS&SEY FLATS ?3aA Eevey Our?.. Lars* ^ JfllSC^tCtid to CC/6 anj THE 5A3.RKTT DBOfl CO, ftTJEasSTTIAa. bCIDER'S LIVER PILLS. 2*Wl<kV>* k?la Pmpt > 4lka MM A) r , v uvm ISO VUXC ff> frS-IrM twfiblee. aad prereat malarial disMK*. fcTcsi* by all dra^isis and merciiaats at ? "i-at* a bos, or a^ilod ea receipt of price by TEZ EASHETT DRUG CO.. AzrsrsTA, Qa tas2 aura's PJL^S. ISP yp LIPPZIAX DUOS., TThcIescIe Druggists, Solo Proprietors; Lippnjan-s Block, SaTannaci, Ga. KIT'S <? 3 i#jn fcjfrf M9W juo.7/: * j ^I'nr. ;-;v. I 0 OF -?- ,;>. -..P y.?? */i;^s : * ? :.'Tr^*?b. K Mi |l>? 5 - ' -: V I' iwbt? sit; " ;."4-y A SCV f:.~ - ' " Tr?rt-53 0!:?bc .. '.i .:i ar.'l I-:.. ->-- - ?-?* .r^i I B'Ssr.lRr.-' :-t:rs ' ? :? or I Ovcrus-i'3, r c % icrim | far .Vorfe. B-?5: . t **' ' v \ : ; !?! Son. t Avci:.::sf:rsr.t work. Ii ; .. " binding, e:::los.- : -< ';* by y?nt c trat've l'n-sri.x-'- - * .v. Tho disUE^uk'ae-i .1:. P>., ns cciveaiiiaiJOI/'--* *v !"> 3f?DAL from tho . : > . ;oa for this PlitZU - v"CUS and : PHYSICAL OlAi.- :TY J)~. 1 'irkcr aridacorps of Assistant Pi <i Coti^nlted. coalidsatiallv.*hv w ' ? i?:rfcn. it t!:e oif.ce of ?HE PEA :><;.>'* ill:LC.'.i* INSTITUTE. Ko. 4- r.-~ ."lint*., to whom, au grder? for v ;or*ctt?s for advice eliould fcf Erected a: _i- 4>' . -I i*wos?atv. i'arUculi?3fr?c. [?raai:;i:i Zeit: ve l>Lrc.mCj. riin3do,Ci2SiS2ati,l -J ' p D17 M I? M V 9 0 \ \I P <H iC Titti Hiu r% I ^ ? \i V V t fp mmixsm - compam YO?x?^L ?? \ V5 1 H : a, since it hold* the formest place us of the world, and offers superior linsinrwc fr>ornfV,m Tnipnnnllpd LCe Company in. tliis Country. >mpany in tlie "World. Ltion in tiie World?its assets amoun1 Twenty-six Millions of Dollars. to insure. which to insure, its large dividend . insurance below that of any other ias earned for and paid out to its twwity-one years, the enormous sum even million dollars more than the i next TWO leading companies. ? , WARD L. GEMMI), General Agent, Columbia, C. S. PITTS' CARMINATIVE j,"or cobrectssg sacsr*. ir t rcicrv. Diarrhea and Choterr; '2::5i:p<. A p!t?ua&i lufdieice of inciu< L" uktu in the ioiuc c-irv !c for ohil.' s-jiHi It is popular, anci cfi;C'- . Truly a nsolher'i friend it soothe? h?-s.ls ?he mucous membranes. and ?L. uje raucous discharge from head, stow- < . *^d bowels. The nrucou* discharge : ; 1 be hervi and luDgs are as promptly r< Jit- * by it ?ss the mucous discbarge ii > tbt bovrels. It is ciade to relieve : vucoui system and rare nauiea, ant' ' dc^s it. It makes the critical period ? tecihiug children tale and easy Ii vi^orates aad build* up the system wb it is relieving and curing the wasted ttei;Tt fs recommended and used largeh physicians. For sale by Wannamake. A Murray Co.? Columbia, S. C., and wiioiik ?y'Howard & Willeh, Augusta., Qt TSSfMseWor.^ - ^(Successor to Dial Sarin? Wort*,.' JOHN A. WILLIS PROPRIET'^ 117 WEST Gesuis SxassT j If iiiF/.i jli ?ss. ?KlNUyAOTURERS OF TB K J.lii* aLL SlZSi? Or KOT'i Lut-V.Vi . . i AKD TUBULAR iiOILSHS i FOUrTDTfY WOKE IN IRON AND eh .A ^ > : R?PA?&Cte PB03SHCL? SXECCTEU " i ! J clr ^3-cm . i r?IO PliAJiTUUtiS AJXU atn.i. a ! ' 4 For Estimates on STBA51 SAW MILLS, > i-,t - - - 1J / .*^<4 /vVtfdp \'-i . .aaxv?oi.*.ug ?nvi ~ ciiusry write to the undersigned, v bo will guarantee the goods they n;*y cfi'er in all reep?ct9. And make matters interesting both to consumers and competitors. t| We will also furnish everything needed in the lins cf supplies. Beitiog, Oils, Piping, Fittings, Valves, Ic apirators Injectors, Pumps, Ac, Ac. W. BL GIBBE3, Jb, 4 CO. - - r~^ Columbia. 8. C ^ lor coit'ojrije. .' fie^y fvJ'r'G CO.. Washvslle. TH!N3SRC0&i3S? Ulse or.:*- vuro C!>.ie for Corns. Stnpsai! pain. Ensnret ; soiiifort to the foe: l:c. at Urjggvts. Exicox A:Co., Kx. ^ ^m^consum pWvs j. l-AadS^SOl^'iES TCij ?P. It h? WW< t-.e % <. ; '-"'.'.v .< i ,.su-. rr? Mr'.'* *V' 0?*wikSne \ ''ou> jottcuv^ rv! "l.-it.e >n " "-. * mui&Low ...a fj\ > r"0?n:5:sGS3B^r fl . } \x:. .VTvf. S'.-ittifii'.St VJilkpc.- >oa,-j.; .. > #r H r;; 4 . f Hi y ? ? HIMfp 2?% fk kTH7C; V H Z* f ^ *5 -;c 5?s? s> y .7; ij o ^ <? S^J So i'ja d 4 C } 3 this ?>.vrs; _/.-; s?.'.r=;s Fr.'E cailo:;s. jp ^ ^ Pro* !!< V* nil t>* Pi ?.-- < JC* ON fidf cvt^av I EbkLE fl 41 8 l&sSS?%2f y i^y?s3&3 8Ba ^| Tho ?osr APPSTlZiyj ?iid WHOLHSOMT VRaSPEHASCE DhlNK in tic -world. .! Delicious and SpurkUng. THY IT. j Ask your Drn^yist or Grocer fior IV ~ - ?! *? Quiitnrieuit V/. C.. ninbSi rniwnw?M.n?. V/^ES.yrtffi EASV iwlte ls?Kst ^ j