Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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XLIY. WINNSBORO, S. C., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 25, 1888 NO. 39. y " 1 " ! < l'miii uMJHBw,ii"?ftiPSnjtwi:liil|i ,;un rrn am mi nim , mn iaia.rii r?iii'ii*wi3aneBMM?in.,ii^iiii iiiih ! in HiT'ifi 11 r Til ? - r an?ggaeii"" w?iinmmttrr 11 in i ! i imiii ? ! ! i im ..,.n,nni iiii " I ?BA?r T\ Itvtr <n/?DVTD _ J* P? THE ^'ORTH TRIES TO SHIRK V THE BURDEN OF ITS SINS. 'Plain Statement of the Facts, as Derived from Public Records and Judicial Decisions. m- ? T7-3.T1.VN-. "V"^\-rrro o-n/3 r^.AriTIAT P" J.U U-LO .LAUlVJL U1 UUC c n d uuu WW >U... . K I was glad to see your editorial on March 9 last on the Emancipation Proc!am aW tion. It is surprising how much ignoi ranee exists upon the subject of emanciv pation in some of the usually best int formed circles. I desire to call your atten~ tion to two instances of this in that usually accurate journal, the Nation. In a recent number there appeared the retiflw nf a. letter written from Washington rto a paper in Frankfort: "The condition of our negro population is the subject of a "Washington letter in the Frankfort Zeituug of December 24, 1887. The writer's view of their ?ocf *1 status is correct enough, but he is i rather at sea in his historical retrospect, j k as when he says that the South was at v one time more opposed to slavery than W was the North, and that the civil war was a struggle between the sons of the slave-owners and the planters to whom their fathers had sold their dark commodities.' There is a corollary to the misleading statement that 'in 1790 the* negroes were distributed throughout this country, and were almost exclusively > slaves,' but that, 'during the first quar ter of a century, the inhabitants of the i Northern States gradually sold their slaves to the South, -where elimate and H| the nature of the agricultural products increase the value of negro labor,' all of T "which sounds as if the countryman of Yon Hoist had drawn his inspiration j& from the pro-slavery pamphlets of BuHh chanan's Administration." We have not seen this letter, nor do WB we know who is the writer, but if you will allow me space I think I can cocTince even the Nation, and its readers ' who shall happen to see the communicaF tion, that the statements quoted are not b so wide of the mark as the Nation seems HREn to thintr. If such as ice Nation suggests was inVk deed the source of the writer's informaBr tion, can the following facts and figures, Y ~ which are taken mostly from a work of I that time, be disputed? The author from ? whom I take the figures', as I cannot at L this moment put my hand upon the cen sos of 1790, was, it is true, a Bebcl brigadier, the heroic defender of Maiye's m Heights at Fredericksburg, where he was tilled; but all the same can the statements be denied? (Cobb on Slavery, Philadelphia, T. & L W. Johnson & Co., L By the census of 1790 there were B? 40,370 slaves in the States north of TirB ginia. Now how were those 10,000 HBff slaves emancipated? Can any one point to a single act by any Northern State by R which any negro was actually and imHu mediately emancipated? We ask this P because it is clear that all the gradual HL emancipation schemes had jast the effect which which tiss Frankfort writer jstates, fritz. the TnTYftDitaiits of the - v 1-1 coll fV?Oil* rjttortueru. oo&boo w ^ ?laves to the South. Laws prohibiting slavery after some future date were but learnings to the owners of slaves to send -them out of the State before the Act should go into effect. The inevitable "^..working of such Acts was to send the steres South for sale. Vermont, we know, claims the hoDor of having been the first to exclude 4 slaver;. She claims that this was done by her bill of rights in 1777. But the census of 1790 shows seventeen slaves. T* it -iq fame*. 110 ereafc Dliilan ? *? ? J <5 t thropv to sacrifice the value of seventeen slaves; but her bill of rights conld not have done a very perfect work since it allowed seventeen slaves to remain in bonds thirteen years after its adoption. B Slavery, which had been introduced into Massachusetts soon after its first settlement, was "tolerated," as Chief Justice Parsons gently expresses it, certainly until the adoption of the Constitution of 1780. Nor, indeed, did the Constitution of 1780, by any express provision or j^L declaration, prohibit slavery. Bat a HSflf very few days ago a letter of Mr. Thomas Silloway, of Boston, appeared in the Charleston Sun, *?ivinf? instances of bills tof sale and disposition b y will of Indian I and negro slaves in Massachusetts as late as 1771. Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes snakes Old Sophy, the nurse of Ellsie Tenner, the daughter of a slave mother. So gradual was the decadence of slavery in Massachusetts that as late as 1833 her Supreme Court could not say by what, specific Act the institution had bs*? abolished. "Winchendon vs. Hatf^> 4 Mass., 123; Commonwealth vM^e?> Pick., 209. . / |B In Belknap's New TTsuflpsinre, V oi., W UX, 280, published YJ?*> the matter is A thu3 explained: / "Slavery is noi' pro&i bited by any exV press law. Negroes were never very gSL numerous i*1 Hampshire. Some oi ihem purchased their freedom during the Iwa? by serving three years in SHHfeftre ? y Others have been made free the justice and humanity of their masfcecs. In Massachusetts they are all accounted free by the firgt article in the declaration of rights, 'All-men are born free and equal.' In the bill of rights of New Hampshire the first article is expressed in these words: 'All men are bom equally free and independent,' BR 'which, in the opinion of most persons, K will bear the same construction. Bat K others have deduced from it this infer Hk ence, that all who are born since the Br Constitution was made are free; and that jBr" . those who were in slavery before remain ^--sc stilh For this reason, in the late R census, the blacks in New Hampshire Bf distinguished into free and slaves. It is not in my power to apologize for this C inconsistency." The author then goes on to explain, as we Southerners afterwards continued to do, how much better off those who were slaves were than those who were free in other States. By the census of 1790 there were 158 slaves in New Hampshire, v and in 1845 there was still one remain " incr. jJ& ' in the plantations of Khode Island | ?Ff slaves were more numerous than in the i ether New England States, as, indeed, they necessarily were, considering that the merchants and sailors of that little State were the greatest slave traders of this country. Bat as the negroes could not thrive in her latitude her Legislature provided a gradual scheme of emancipation, which took a lifetime to work out, leaving as late as 1S40 five slaves in that 7 State. Connecticut was too much inter>. ested to indulge her philanthropy at the expense of an immediate emancipation. In 1790 she had 2,750 slaves. So she, too, adopted a plan of gradual emanci+-V.O. ol/vnr anil rvmrlianf. xrork JMUVU) fc/J UUC OiVff UUV4 lugs of which seventeen of her slaves rer / V mained as such in 1840. r?\ As Mr. Bancroft observes, that New ^ : York is not a slave State like Carolina, is dne to her climate and not to the snpef. ; rior humanity of its founders, (2 voL, 503.) When South Carolina prohibited p i k if -m V: ; :/.SCVSK&S?3?4S< ? J the importation of slaves from Africa in 1789, New York imported them and shipped the savages to this State as American slaves. As late as 1858 the London Times charged that New York had become the greatest slave trading mart in the world, a charge which Wilson in the "Rise and Fall of the Slave Power" fully corroborates. In 1790 New York had 21,321 slaves. She, too, adopted an Act of gradual emancipation, by the operation of which in 1840 all but four slaves iiad been gotten na 01. i>ew Jersey, though adopting the same scheme, was slower in getting rid of her slaves, 674 still remaining in 1840. Adam Smith observed: "The late resolution of the Quakers in Pennsylvania to set set at liberty all their negro slaves may satisfy us that their number cannot be very great. Had they made any considerable part of their property such a resolution could never have been taken." (Wealth of Nations.) There were 3,737 slaves in Pennsylvania in 1790, and, as Adam Smith predicted, she would not sacrifice so much property. So she, too^provided for gradual eman cipation. The census of JL84U snowed sixty-five negroes still in slavery, in 1823 a negro woman was put up on the auction block along with some machinery, Smith's .tools and one cow, and sold for debt by the sheriff of Fayette county, in the State of Brotherly Love. They | were still discussing this case in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania as late as 1837, but it was about the inadequacy of the price the poor wretch brought, and not the iniquity of the transaction about which they were contending. (Lynch vs. Commonwealth, 6 Watts 495.)" It was the frosts and snows which put an end to slavery at the North, not philanthropy. ** * ? * ? ir - i iL . it is laminar History mat we siave trade by 'which slavery was established in this country was carried on by Oid England and New England, and not by the South. As Mr. Lecky points out, the New England trade, just prior to the Revolution, consisted in sending her lumber to the French Islands, where she obtained in return an abundant supply of molasses. The molasses hhe distilled into rumt and the rum she sent to Africa for negro slaves?(XYIL, Cen. 33i.) Or, as Mr. McMoster puts it: "Scarce a year passed by but numbers of slavers to/-? %? Anf "RnofATi -frrvm TVTAI^ from Salem, from Providence, from Newport, from Bristol, Rhode Island. The trade was a threefold kind. Molasses brought from Jamaica was turned into rum; the rum dispatched to Africa brought negroes; the negroes carried to Jamaica or the Southern States were exchanged for molasses, which in turn, ' taken back to New England, was quickly made into rum." (History of the People of United States, Vol. 2-15.) South Carolina and Georgia, two at least of the Southern States, protested acainst the trade, not from anv senti-1 ] mentality, but as overrunning the conn- ( try with barbarians and interfering with the immigration of the white race. The . statute books of South Carolina, from j 1698 to the Revolution, are filled with Acts endeavoring to check by taxation [ and otherwise the importation of slaves. | (See A. A. 1698, 1712,1711, iviu, lUir^ J 1744, 17ol, l7T>i.) These taxes, witii the errowed purpose expressed in their ; pream&ies 01 cneciong tnis lmporcanoc, , were raised year by year from ?2 in 171-i to ?100 in 1764. We cannot at this mo- ' ment refer to the authority, but we are . under a very strong impression that the ; Colonial Council of South Carolina at one time actually prohibited the im portation of slaves and that their Act was suspended by the board of trade in London as prejudicial to the commercial interests of England. As soon as South ' Carolina was freed from this foreign ' control, in 1787, before any action was 1 taken by Congress, the State prohibited ; the importation all together. In the colony of Georgia slavery was absolutely ! excluded and by her Constitution in ; 1798 the State prohibited the slave trade. . It is true that the prohibition by South Carolina was removed from 1804 to 1807, but this was owing to the impos- , sibility of preventing evasion of our . laws through the want of a State navy, ; and it was thought better to bring the negroes directly from Africa than re- . ceive them through New York as pre^ tended Americans. See report ^ X-iVino/vn "Po+-"<rrocr AnintliAr"RfthfikBriSfa dier) to the Legislature of SkB^Caroii- J na, against the reopeninar^f the slave trade, 1856. Year City of Charleston. 1883. { Of- the 202 t^c'-s that arrived in . Charleston h&S* "with slaves, during the , five year^s^"^ the ports of the State ' open6^?^r the slave trade, 61 claimed ' to b^tf^g to Charleston and exactly the ! number avowedly belonged to Neve ; England, (i e, Rhode Island 59, Boston 1. Connecticut 1;) 70 belonged to Great : Britain. Of the other 10, 3 belonged to ' Baltimore, 4 to Norfolk, 2 to Sweden, 1 '' few "PfK?n/>o Tr Tra lnrtt at f.Vto liof. nf Win. signees we will see that it is not probable ; that the 61 which claimed to belong to ! Charleston actually did so. For of the 202 vessels which brought in slaves but , 13 consignees were natives of Charleston, while 88 were natives of Ehode Island^ 91 of Boston and 10 ci France. It 1 is most probable, therefore, that the 61 * vessels claiming to belong to Charleston ; in fact belonged to New Englanders residing in Charleston. For these statistics see Judge Smith's speech in the United States Senate, in which he arrayed Mr. DeWolf, the Senator from Rhode Island, for his participation in the slave trade. Sometime since in its notes, in this same paper, reviewing a work, "Brazil and Slavery," the editor wrote as follows: "We can recommend it for its own sake, but we have read it with the deepest interest for its reflected light on that irrepressible conflict which ended some would say in April, 1865, and others in March, 1876. First and above all it inspires a sense of profound thakfulness that there never existed in this country a party or a policy or & measure of gradual emancipation. We mean 01 course against that purely Southern slave power which dictated the compromises of the Federal Constitution." In this, the editor of the Nation could not have meant that there never existed in this country a policy or a measure of gradual emancipation, for, as we have seen, just such a policy was adopted throughout the Northern States?that it was by just such measures that the Northern people rid themselves of the institutions which they had so large a hana in imposing upon the South. But rras this statement correct even if limited by his last sentence, "We mean of course against the Southern slave power," &e? Mr. Lincoln having declared in his inaugural that the Republican party had no intention to interfere with the instition of slavery; and Congress, by a joint | resolution, approved July 22, 1861; having repeated Mr. Lincoln's declaration and announced to the South that the war was only for the preservation of the Union, and not for the abolition of slavery; and Congress having actually passed in March, 1861, by two-thirds ? frv P.AT1 IYUW A ^av^vocu Mugusuuvuv uv i<uv wa* stitutioa that: "No amendment shall be made to the vi? > Constitution which will authorize or give Congress the power to abolish or interfere within any State with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of the said State." Upon the recommendation of Mr. Lincoln, made in a special message in April, 18 52, Congress passed another joint resolution offering pecuniary aid from the General' Government to induce the Stj.rps to Arlrmf-, "cren#vral abolishment of slavery." Mr. Lincoln expressed the sentiment of the . North, which enabled him to carry on the war successfully, when, on 22d August, 1862, he said: "My paramount object is to save the Union, and not to save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it. If I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it, and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that." _ The slaves in tlie States at war with the Federal Government were freed as a military and not as a political measure. The Federal Government did not free the slaves in Delaware, Maryland and Kentucky. The results of the war rendered slavery impracticable, but that was all. The truth is, the South could at any time during the war have secured the institution of slavery at the sacrifice of the right of secession. That sacrifice she would not voluntarily make, and she lost both her sovereignty and her slaves. She was the unfortunate, innocent, last holder of a dishonored bill, and the emitters of it turned upon her and called : to the world to see how they would pun- j ish her for holding it. Edward McCbady, Jr. 1 THE COLOK LIXE IX THE CHURCHES ' Disturbing the Presbyterians this Time? ' The Chicago Presbytery Struggles "With It. Chicago, April 17.?The annual meet- j ing of the Chicago Presbytery .began , yesterday. The most important feature ' of the proceedings of the day was the r?v/ia.Tnhio ftnrl rAsolntinns introdnced bv the Rev. Mr. Johnson, of the Theologi cal Seminary, on the reunion of the Northern and Southern Presbyterian churches. After setting out that they heartily j favor the reunion of the Northern and ^ Southern Presbyterian churches, solely , on the basis of a common standard, they assure the committee of the Southern j church that there is no change in views 3 concerning the spirituality of the church 5 as connected with its political delivermi _ if j.1 ances. ?ne resolution men says. " We cannot consent to "the establish- j j ment of a separate African Presbyterian } Church or to any provisional arrangement looking forward to the organizaEion of a separate African Presbyterian } Church. 2 "We are willing to consent to an ar- | rangement in the interests solely of practical efficiency, by which present boun- | iaries and constituencies of presbyters and synods in the Sonth shall remain in statue quo, provided this. sha]L-h&?-z an constrained preforenoo of both parties g Interested, explicitly expreseod according ^ to Presbyterian preferences, subject al- + ways, as "heretofore; to Acts of the Gen- ^ erai Assembly." I "If there are a sufficient number of -j ministers and churches to form a colored presbytery in any locality already cov sred by the synod, such presbytery may be formed if those on the ground desire, but such presbytery shall remain in such synod unless there be a synod of other j Presbyterians near enough, to which the > presbytery asks to be attached." A The reading of the preamble and resolution created a profound sensation Dr. $ Grray protested that if such an *ftterance 30 that -wfinf, forth as the deliberate ex- c pression of opinion of abOdy of Chris- c fcian ministers a quarter of a century * ifter the closing ot-tne war it wo old be 1 most infamous atfd-disgraceful. He said: ^ "It means tby&Vte shall go down there with arms^a resuscitate all the oV a issue&^C^Dloodyand nearly forgotten wacr The presbyteries of Florida, Mis- ^ sgsri, Kentucky and Tennessee have v fiready signified a desire to conxJ over to ^ ' >- n-Anl/1 U reunion, dud not a man 01 tj/c-m. wuiuu ^ lome in the face of such && insult, as ihis effort can only result in the disin;egration of the church." ' ^ "The Eev. Dr. Wit&erow said: . "A powerful body will come to the General Assembly asking for reunion. ^ We cannot stapd on this proposition. It would sweep as from off onr feet. But ^ then again, if we say we will consent to _ ind coalesce all synods and all presbyteries, I doubt if we would succeed. If ? we fail, it would be to the everlasting 3hame of the Presbyterian church. I 3on't believe in ecclesiastical utterances and I am unmistakably convinced that hh? lntrnrJnrtfcirm of the colored line in religion is abhorrent to the Christian * sentiment of the day." The matter will come up again. The matter was finally disposed of by the adoption of the first portion of Dr. Worcester's amendment to Dr. Gray's substitute, reading as follows: "Resolved, That this Presbytery is heartily in favor of reunion with the Southern Church, on the basis of our common standards, pure and simple," x The concluding portion, "and the ( equal right of all disciples of Christ in j every court of Christ's church," was voted on separately, and on motion, was s laid upon the table. ~ -* t Nearly Perpetual Night in Alaska. j "I have just got down from Sitka, ? Alaska, to-day," said John "Williamson at the American Exchange yesterday. * "It is a weird, wild place up there. It < is not so awfully cold; but it is pretty s nearly all the time night there. You cn't ] seejhe sun till 11 o'clock in the day, and ? and it goes down again behind_ the * mountains almost immediately. There ' is just a narrow strip of day in a great ^ big ocean of night. Lamps have to be ' kept burning most all the time, and men can't accomplish anything much tryir^ to work. It is rather worse seventy-4 .ve miles farther north, at Killisnoo, where I was for a little while. Snow was about eight inches deep, and the lowest I saw the thermometer was 5 degrees below zero. "There are only abeut 300 people now at Sitka, and not over 600 or 700 at Juneau. It is the same way at Fort wrangle. The. population has shriveled q. err a at deal. Manv Deoole have come away. They hate to spend the winter there, it is-so feaifully long and dark. A lot more people would like to get'away, but they have not got the money to come on."?San FranciscoEsminer. The residence of D. A. Hoffman, a farmer near Oak Ridge, Cape Girardeau County, Mo., was burned on Sunday morning and three of his children consumed. Three other children were so badly burned that it is expected they will die, and Hoffman was so seriously injured that he died yesterday. It is thought that Hoffman became suddenly insane and fired the house ' 1C TT ~ AIAWAM r-rs At)iOT]occ AVIII. IUlffiagll. ne UuU cicvtu | dren, and had been very gloomy and de-1 spondent for some time. * BY THE HAJTD OF THE ASSASSIN. One Man Killed and Four Wounded by a Midnight Shot. (Orangeburg Times and Democrat) On last Sunday morning about one o'clock there was enacted at the plantation of Mrs. N. E. W. Sistrunk, in Elizabeth Township, one of thse scenes of bloodshed and murder, which, of late years, have became alarmingly frequent in this country. It appears that negro frolics have been quite frequent in this section of the country since last Christmas. At these frolics whiskey has been as a rule, freely dispensed, and served to unbridle the worst passions of an illiterate and not over moral people. That b. -odshed would ensue, was predicate by the best citizens, and this prediction was fully verified on last Sunday morning. In this instance it is the expected that has happened. Last Saturday night a large crowd assembled house of" William Mack, who lives on Mrs. Sistrunk's place, now rented by Mr.L. B. Kelly, and gave themselves up to the dance and "high orgies All -rrr^nf <<rr?(LQ mo.T*riftcrA UV1U* ou nvjub W ?v...w | bells,"until some time after twelve o'clock when Mr. B. Lee Jeffcoat appeared on j the grounds, accompanied by Mr. "Will H. Amaker, and proceeded to divide the contents of a demijohn of whiskey, which it is asserted, he had sent to Orangeburg for, to supply some hands who had been making up rafts for him during the preceeding. They had separated themselves a short distance from the mass of revellers, and each man had just recieved his part of the whiskey in flasks provided tor the occasion, and -were indulging m a social drink, when they were fired into by some unknown party, who, under the cover of darkness, made good his escape. ! small pins straw fire had been lighted to enable the parties to see how to effect a division of the whiskey, and around this fire sat B. Lee Jeffcoat, Will H. Amaker, Will Mack," Wvatt Parker, Joe Stroman and Dennis Stro-1 man," a*l negroes except the two first Darned. So effective was the aim of the i=sassin, that of the six men present only Mr. Will Amaker escaped uninjured. Wyatt Parker was instantly killed by i buckshot, which penetrated his skull. B. Lee Jeffcoat received three buckshot in the upper part of his ripht arm, and mother, which entered just at the root jf the nose, inflicting a serious if not a ;atal wound. Will Mack was shot through ;fae left forearm, and had the flask, vhich he held in his left hand and was ust raising to his lips, shattered into a randred or more fragments. Joe Stronan and Dennis Stroman escaped with slight flesh wounds. The scene of the killing was just in 'ront of the residence occupied by Mr. Kelly and Mr. Stuckey. These gentlenen upon hearing the report of the gun rad the cries of the wounded men came >ut to where the fire was burning. All lad fled save Wyatt Parker, who had alien foiward into the fire, and whose )ody was dead. The fire was extinguished and the body of the dead man off. in of -ccIipta if hnrl fallen. Early Sunday morning Coroner WnuJj Livir?sj^JEaa_notified^A??lT-M?<?ec5$^| cmrepiace of the killingandozg&wjpPM k jury of inquest. The testimonyjjfr-xaM aken develops no clue to the jj&rpeirz-] or of the bloody deed. Wi^cthe ho?r hat some further testim^fiy might '?e' orthcoming during tfojfweek, (>*oner !iivingston adjourns the juxr ?? iu[uest to meet &t&iw next Prv&y at thtf sourt-house.f ./A HUMAN jAGNET. IJkMtle Child tp/Whose Finger Tips ^ Articles ?/Metal Adhere. ? . . A1..1 i.L; I rfitPi in ?^QfOSii moi>j wxrne Lading a vn- ; sation in a etfmtry town, says Dr. E. H. Soot in a && Medical Reporter, I heard >f a case was causing cosiderable dissnssioDAnd wonderment among the peo >le. child is termed a "human nt^riet" by the believers in and practicers ^magnetic rubbings, while the Spirtalists declare the child a chosen medium. My curiosity became aroused, and I aked permission to see this wonderful rodigy. Permission was granted, and I ie child at two different times, making my ( isit some days apart. I found a pretty, ( elicate child, Dolly C., aged yearg, n only child; blonde, with a pale and ither waxy complexion. Her manner f anpo/>Vi anrl r>rmr]nr\fc wfire character] zfvl y a -womanly grace much, in advance of j er tender years. Last February the henomena I described wus first noticed. Whale playing with some spoons the 1 lother was surprised to see her arraging hem on her finger tips, where they hung rith perfect ease. She will place the aimer surface of the finger tips in the oncavity of the spoon-bowl near the end ' ,nd left from the holder, one by one, ; without otherwise touching them, until a : poon is suspended from each finger tip. ; Tf ii, a* JU UUC 5?'iruil0 U.U JUVJL Dbimc UUV/ ViUACUWJ ,gainst ef.ch other she will carry them ,bout the room without dropping fchem. ! examined the case in various ways. First I tried four teaspoons with a uagnet?one pure silver, one pewter, >ne tripleplated and one singleplated or rashed. The pure silver or pewter poons were not influenced by the maglet, the heavier plated was only. partly aised, while the washed sj>oon was raised sntirely off the .table. I carried these oar spoons with me for the child to sxercise her anomalous power ot prelension upon. Each one was suspended vith equal ease except the one of pure diver. This one was lightest in weight ind the bowl was considerably flatter ;han any of the other three. But after irrangiug it upon her finger a few times >he succeeded in making it "stick." Asking her to put two fingers under ;he spoonbowls, I found a very apprejiable resistance in taking it off. The spoons would hang from the tip of the lose and chin with as much security is from the fingers. Thinking the adherence might be due to an excessive clamminess of the skin, I tested its surEace with my own finger tips. Not dis Jiscovering any, and to make sure I was not deceived by my own sense of touch, I had the hands, nose and chin carefully washed with soap and water and dried with a warm towel. I found no perceivable difference in the adhesiveness. The child could not pick up a steel needle, that is so sensitive to a magnet, nor would a penny "stick" to the fingers, chin or nose. I oould discover nothing unusual in the shape of the finger tips. 'l'ne sKin was son ana veivety to tut) touch and I could be sure of clamminess nowhere except on the pinna. The hands and feet were warm to the touch when I saw her and her mother states that she is not often troubled with cold feet or hands. The little patient's mother also told me that her sister's daughter a young lady 19 years of age and "always sick," as she expressed it, manifests the same singular power. "Helen" said auntie, "bring me a clean apron to put on you." .IX U Wj Xlt2i.CH ttiiu oiaLCA uau a^iuuo ouuv < andjthrough mistake she got one of sister's and iooked with surprise at the sleeves, which came over her hands. "Well, anntie" she exclaimed, "I dees my apron has outgrown me." j / k ' MR, CLEMSON'S BEQUEST. A STATEMENT OF THE PROBABLE EXTENT OF THE GIFT. * ? 1 Large Quantity of Land and Some Personal Property Given for a College where Agriculture and Other Branches Shall Be Taught. (Trom the Greenville Daily News, April 14.) No event of rw.ent, t Aars has aroused more interest among the farmers, and tie people generally, than the death, last Stfarday, of Thomas G. Clemson, the venerable son-in-law and heir of John C. Cafionn, and his bequest of "Fort Hill," Mr, Calhoun's home during the latter daysof his life, to the State of South Carolina for use as an agricultural col1?CC; . & ?rrL " i f I" C*-? ?? Ners went to Fort Hill on yesterday to obfcin particulars in confirmation of and addtion to the few facts heretofore given thertublic. He was fortunate enough to meetthere the Hon. R. W. Simpson, alt. wemson's trustea uaena ana agent and ocecutor, who had gone from Pendiet? to Fort Hill with Mr. Lee, of NewXork, who married Mr. Clemson's daughter, and Miss Lee, a very young lady,the dead man's only grand child and the great-grand-daughter of Mr. Calhom. Mia Leo has not been to Fort Hill before ince she was a small child and there ras a very picturesque scene soon after isr arrival when the old family seraiis, some of them with snow white hair aid beard, gathered in the old fashioned moss covered porch of the homeof-oft/l fn saa and r>av their loval resnfifits to tcLs youngest representative of the famifr with which they have been idontifiedso long. Mr, Simpson is the only living person who la? seen and read.Mr. Clemson's will, aid as he has not yet probated it he wai evidently reluctant to talk of its contests in detail. As so much has been published,, however, most of it based on statements made by Mr. Clems m before his dejth and some of it incorrect, Mr. Simpafm communicated the most importasj facts. Mr. Slemson's will was drawn several years ago by the late Col. Jas. H. BioD, but several amendments and additions m a J 1 -vr more recenuy maae we.re> ux?wii uy xllx. Simpaii. He bequeaths to his granddaughter, Miss Lee, $15,000 in money and securities and 330 acres of the Fort Hill plice, with the provision that that tract skv be bought in and added to the remainder of the estate at a fixed price. CUhejr legacies amount to $10,000, of which S7,000 was paid before his death. All j&e remainder of the Fort Hill estate, tntyfe buildings and the magnificent cflnfcn of rare pictures, except the, H^tures, which go to Miss Lee, Bji's fnrnitarft and Jbaafca no... bgyjiouse and the stocks, feecuritito of to the State for the and maintenance of an ^The Fort Hill place contains 1,150 acres. Of this 330 acres, as already stated, go to Miss Lse, but can be purchased to keep the estate intact at a fixed reasonable price. Those intimately acquainted with Mr. Clemson's affairs estimate that the securities and cash remaining after the payment of ail encumbrances and expenses will be between $50,000 and $60,000, available for developing and endowing the college. The maeraificence of the beauest can no j well be appreciated without an understanding of what and where Fort HiH is. It is in Oconee county just at the point where Oconee, Pickens and Anderson nnite. It runs for some distance along the Seneca river and thence back into rolling uplands and heavi;y timbered woodland. The house stands on the srest of a gently rising *"11 in the midst of a wide park, an avenue of old and beautiful cedars leading to it. From the front there is a glorious view directly to the mountains until their purple lines mingle with the horizon; on another WIAfTT ATT/M* IAAVO ttrtn A/>Q 9iuq biic tit- rr v/iw j.woo iuv ^wwwvw) wending its way among the hills, and tho old British fort, from which the place takes its name and which is on the .tfort Hill plantation. The residence is in eight of the Richmond & Danville railroad track, at a distance of half a mile, and is fonr miles from Pendleton, on the Blue Eidge railroad, four milea from Central, on the Richmond & Danville road, and seven miles from Seneca City, the meeting point of the two railroads mentioned. Ic is hard to imagine a requisite for an agricultural college which Fort Hill doos not possess. It has nearly 200 acres of the finest bottom land, creek and inn* V>i-v++Y"vm rOctirci/-? nnlonrl naa+nrft land in wide stretches and a great belt of first growth timber, and its upland soil is partly gray and partly red land. It is abundantly watered with springs, wells and creeks and has all possible natural convenience for dairy, bathing houses and laundry purposes. Where a creek on it empties into the Seneca river there is a good water power which has been used for a mill which did the neighborhood grinding. A fair estimate of the value of the real and personal property included in the bequest makes it exceed ?100,000, without., of course, including the pictures and furniture, which are priceless. Contrary to general expectation, the library is a ? ? ?? /VWA TV* Af-I m S\V?L VCIJ UlUUlOljr KJlAVy UiUOV V* VUG MAVi.w valuable books having been borrowed, stolen or otherwise lost during Mr. Clemson's long period of retirement and partial illness. The property is given to the State to be used as an institution for instruction in agriculture, but the will directs that the college shall not be exclusively agricultural and that proper attention be given to other studies and to a general /vVn<ioriftt.A ftnnrsA fnr stndenta. If the State accepts the gift, the college is to be under the management of seven trustees, named in the will, Messrs. R. W. Simpson, D. K. Norris, B. R. Tillman, M. L. Donaldson, R. E. Bowen, J. E. Bradley and J. E. Wannamaker. In case the State refuses to accept the gift these trustees are authorized and directed to proceed with the establishment of the college, using &n amount specified in in the will for buildings and making tuition as nearly free as they may find possible or advisable. It was no sudden freak that inspired TlX? A O 1/NTt ft O OTA Q O jJJLJU ViCJLiio^JU a s*>iuuja? 'x ? ^ 1866 Le was interested in the establishment of such an institution as his will provides for and he was then active in forwarding a scheme to procure private gifts aad subscriptions for the purpose. After the tragic death of his only son, killed by a railroad accident in 1871, he became more than ever before interested and erclved and publicly announced his purpc.se to devote the Calhoun property to the glorious purpose of promoting practical agricultural education. Since then he has thought and talked much oi the subject and his will was no surprise to those who knew hiri best or to Mr. Lee, his son-in-law, who knew long ago | the destination intended for the prop| erty. On returning from Fort Hill, the j Greenville News representative met at Central D. K. Norris, now the foremost leader of the "farmers' movement," and since Mr. Tillman's formal retirement, the most prominent and persistent advocate for a eeparate farmers' college. Mr. Norris was quiet on the subject of the I niflmson beonest. but evidently deeply enthused and very much. In earnest. He said the gift put the whole matter of the college in the hands of the farmers, and they could secure a magnificent institution for agricultural education if they will use the opportunity. With the amount from the land scrip now given j the South Carolina College and the j money from the fertilizer-tax .nog di? verted to the ~college annex and other purposes?every cent of which, he said, was legally and morally for the use of thft fanners for edncatinc farmers?ail income of $40,000 a year would be secured for tlie new college, with its grounds and buildings all provided and some income from the surplus endowment. That was more than the State Military Academy and the State College have together, he said, and would give a splendid, thoroughly -efficient agricultural college capable of accommodating hundreds of students, without the addition of one cent to the taxes. He did not believe, he said, in free tuition. That question had been settled in the case of the State College. But he thought it probable a ?ystem would be - 3 a. - n i 1-* 7j auopiea dj wxnua stuueiiKs wuiuu uo enabled to pay the whole or a large part of their own expenses by extra work and service in the institution. One valuable feature of the Fort Hill library will probably puzzle the executor and the trustees to dispose of it. It is the manuscript of the completed first volume of the life of Joiin C. Calhoun, prepared by the late Pinckney Starke, with the aid of Mr. Clemson. It is, however, all in a peculiar short hand invented by Mr. Starke himself, and" appears to defy all efforts to translate it. Many of the documents, reports and other manuscript used by Mr. Starke and collected by him and E. M. T. Hunter, of Virginia, who undertook to ?rAr)Ar? a lifrt nf TW*r. flalhnnn. hnfc was compelled by poverty to relinquish it, are in an old trunk ii the library building and may be found valuable by some later biographer. After the talk with Col. Simpson and Col. J*orris and after seeing the intense earnestness wiih which they appear to be inspired in the execution of the wort i left with them to do, the News representative had no difficulty in bringing to his mind's eye the picture that was doubtless presented to Mr. Clemson's imagination many times?the picture of the homely house, hallowed by the name of the grim old statesman whose face -1 - /~1 lu- 1 *_ 1 Wlin Its ^eiuc UUCWA. uuuea ouu um.'iin^ eyes looks with life-like gaze from the Wllfj thf> rerffijjb-of g gronp-ofstatiier Duiidings?ofrffifrounded slopes of velvet green, made deep and dark beneath the interlacing branches of the sturdy cedaas and of lighter and more delicate shifting tints where they fall away in the Eunhght to the silver river on one side and the murmuring, sparkling stream and bending willows on the other, peopled with the young and sturdy bone and sinew of the State Calhoun loved so well and represented so grandly, learning how to make her richer, grander and happier?the glorious, fruitful home of a"people as pros perous and strong as they have ever been brave, generous and free. A Pet Alligator. Two I'ittle daughters pf Mrs. Georg^ Tabler, of Longview, Tex., have a cute little p t alligator about four feet in length ^hose name is Jim.. Jim knows his little mistresses, recognizes his name when ctlled, and submits or enjoys an unlimited amount or petting, particularly enjoyed the scratching of his back, and, surprisingly, seems to be sensitive to the scratching through his thick skin. A dog excites iiis anger, and when one intrudes upon his 'gatorship he ifisues forth a musky oder that is disagreeable to any well -re^plated human olfactories. Jim's winter diet, so far as- the family can nnfi/^A rvmniate rtf rrmfj. arir) -whwTiftVPJ the weather is mild the 'gator is permitted to wallow in its muahole, whence it comes back puffed up until it looks like an Alderman, or a prairie pony after drinking and ending a two days' thirst. The little girls sometimes dress Jim up as a doll, and the reptile has quite supplanted pet clucking raccoons and squirrels in the affection of the girls, owing, it is supposed, to its odd ugliness. A Prodigal Cat. "It w:is a white cat," said a townsman last night, "and every one in the family thought a great deal of it. It was /?/vnoi/?<vro/:l a mrv fenrttorntr ?cm A ftf those felines quite capable of taking care of No. 1, One day it was missing. Great was the grief, especially of the children, Just live years afterwards that cat came back to the house. It was first seen walking on a stone wall, as it had often been seen walking there before it so mysteriously disappeared. It recognized members of the family and purred with great satisfaction. Some one suggested that, after all, it might be another cat, and & test was made which proved it was the same one. The original cat had been taught to open cne of the doors by jumping up and striking the latch with its paws. Puss was put in the room TT* Q fortr TV*irnfnc ouu uuc uvva vivd^vu jlu a ion i*i??i uwvw it was heard to strike the latch. The door opened and the cat walked out.? Kingston (N.'Y.) Freeman. PIANOS AND ORGANS. "We are prepared to sell Pianos and Organs of the best make at factory prices for Cash or easy Instalments. Pianos from $210 up; Organs from ?24 up. The verdict of the people is that they can save the frr ight and twenty-five ? ? ?" mm ti4\?nm nn ! pt)L UCUU Ujr UUJJJJL^ U1 U0* J-UJ3bjLtLLUUJJlU3 delivered to any depot on fifteen days' trial. We pay freight both ways if not satisfactory. Order and test in your own homea. Respectfully, N. W. TRUMP, * Columbia, S. C. Deab He. Editob:?Won't you please tell your male readers that 33 will buy a fine, strong and serviceable pair of pants, made to order by the N. Y. Standard Pants Co., of 66 University Place, New York city? By sending 6 cents in postage stamps to the above firm, they will send to any address 2o samples 01 cloth to choose from, a fine linen tape measure, a ftill set of scientific measurement blanks and other valuable information. All goods are delivered by them through the U. S. Mails. A novel and practical idea. Advise your readers to try the firm. They are thoroughly reliable. Yours truly, * William Yam>ebbilt. < TTIE FARMERS' TRUST. How It Differs from the Grange in Its Objects. (Walter N. Alien, President Kansas Farmers' Trust, in St Louis Globe-Democrat) I have received letters from gentlemen of the Northwestern States asking the question: ''In what respeet does the farmers' Trnst differ from the Grange?" I can answer without prejudice, as I have been a member of the Grange for the past seventeen years. The Grange tried to regulate prices on what the ? TT-i/s "Farmfrs' lttrjiido uou iv k/uj. ? ?? | Trust undertakes to control the prices on what the farmers have to selL The one appoints agents to buy cheap; .the other will appoint agents to sell to the best advantage. The Grange is a secret social society; its members are bound together by moral obligations; it sought to affect legislation and to accomplish political ends. It excludes from membership all persons who are not actual formers. The Farmers' Trust has no secrets, signs, passwords nor black balls, and its members are bound together by pecuniary o bligations?has a pocket interest and a basinesa end. It seeks for the best business talent and invites the co-operation oil all men of brains, experience and business integrity. A distinguished gentleman from Illinois writes me, suggesting "Farmers' ; Protective Union" as a substitute for the name Farmers' Trust. I am aware there i is a prejudice against anything that has the name of "trust," but this is owing to the fact that the object of a trust is so little understood. A trust is a union of business institutions, and its object is to prevent ruinous competition in trade, experience having demonstrated that competition is not the safe and honest method of doing business. To co npeti tion may be traced SU per cent, ot ojli business failures, and the survival of the fittest or strongest becomes an oppressive monopoly. A trust is a compact between two or morj independent business firms agreeing to do or not to do a certain thing in the line of their business, and implies a trustee to execute the trust who is restricted or limited to the specific object of the trust. By these modem institutions uniform grades of prices are established, thus protecting the weak against the strong and reserving to each member of the union all the rights and powers not delegated to the trust. A trust, therefore, is decentralizing in its influence and a check upon monopoly, the latter being a consolidation of capital or a centralization of business power, acting under one supreme head, deriving its nourishment and growth from the failure and ruin of competitors in trade. When a combination in b\^iness assumes this character it ceases to be a trust, and becomes a monopoly. The manufacturing and commercial classes are organized, but the agricultural?the fundamental industrial class?is unorganized and at the mercy of the other two.- The Farmers' Trust movement, therefore, has become a necessity in order to secure an equitable exchange of products, and to restore the normal condition of trade or an equilibrium of production and consumption. The Trench System or Orowiuy > Explained. At Lake.City, Fla., Dr. J. F. Appels has produced some extremely fine garden lands by trenching the border of a lake; one principal object accomplished being the elevation of the surface above overflow. Of the usual method and object the Times Democrat says: In Europe what is known as the trenching svstem is practiced for growing vegetables, and is well adaped on small farms where space is scarce, and the largest amount must be secured in order to get as much as possible from the soil The Rural Home thus alludes to the method: "A farmer in Yolo county, Cal., has made a great suceess in growing vegetables by following the system. He digs trenches about two feet and then fills in manure one foot, covering it over with the top soil His theory is- that the manure so warms the earth that you can grow vegetables all winter and that it draws moisture in the dry season" We do not believe in this theory that the benefit is due to the warmth only, through the warmth and moisture are increasing by such mode of growing. The plan is to dig trenches two feet deep and two feet wide. The trenches are then filled to within nine inches of the top with manure. Over this the top soil is tnrown, ana ine pianis piacea upon tiie soil. If the subsoil is thrown back, it must be first mixed with the manure and a small quanity of lime sprinkled over it occasionally during the process, so as to hasten chemical action, which not only disintegrates and renders soluble the subsoil, but also causes chemical action on the subsoil by the manure. The manure being covered with the top - oil, or mixed with the subsoil, cannot sufier loss by unisen with lime. The trenching system requires labor, but if any ones will give it a trial he will be convinced that it pays. The plants will at no time suffer for want of food, they will endure drought and cold better, and tne ground will grow two or three crops, each crop being large and of superior quality. We recommend it to all interested. g 9 A. SyinpatHetlC Oleander Bu*h.? A strange story comes from Sterling, 0. Some time ago Miss Anna Leonard died at her home in that place. D aring Miss Leonard's girlhood she was greatly attached to an oleander bush, the gilt o! a friend when she was but 6 years old. When in bloom the bush was covered with bright scarlet flowers, and Miss Leonard was always a patient watcher to see the flowers bust from the buds. Shortly before she was taken ill Miss Leonard had given away the bush to an intimate friend. Last December, when the yon ng lady began to grow worse, the oleander bush began putting forth buds?a strange thing at that time of year. The buds developed as the young lady failed, and when her death occurred the village of Sterling w&s searched for white flowers to put in ner comn, DUE uon naa oeeu found. The day the remains were to be removed to Beliefontaine for interment the budding oleander bush, which its owner, Mrs. Goodyear, had been patiently watching for ten weeks to bloom, burst into flower, and, instead of the customary red flowers.the entire bush was covered with snow-white ones. A bunch of the white flowers were culled and placed on Miss Leonard's cofEn just as the remains were being remtfved for shipment to Beliefontaine. Wife (returned from church)?You should have heard Mr. Goodman's sermon this morning, my dear. I don't know when anything has made such a profound impression upon me. TV/3 T7/VTJ Ttrol V !>Amn9 Xiucuajau j wv* . Wife?No, I took a street car; and do you know John, that the conductor never asked me for my fair, Wasn't I lucky? Many a man thinks he wants rest when he wants exercise, and many a one thinks he wants exercise when he wants rest. / < J-L?jJIia JC a\SJJL ?- W Yonr valaable paper contains almost . %. every week the news from the various / townships in the county, which, taken . * as a whole are very interesting to ^ * yonr many readers. "We are proud to say our county paper i3 improving, iDsa* and we hope its weekly visits to each household in our county may soon become a necessity. From the good old "Dark Corner" we would spread the news of our educational facilities. We have in ""Dark Corner'-' Township rp three white schools?school at Cool Branch or Crosbyville in charge of Mr. Harris; school'at Fcastervifle in charge of Mr. JbViday; school at v. P. Crosby's in charge of Mr. Jone*. These are all flourishing schools, aggregating, perhaps 125 scholars on the rolls. We thinkour people are waking ap on the subject of education, and why not ? By this, parents entail apon their children something more than la ad or gold and fit thein to meet the sharp issues of life,' and to handle the developments uf the great South that are budding out s>o fast; there is,a grand future tor ti.e children of to-day. Children educate yojiir children. Onr efficient School Commissioner has recently visited these schools, infusing more life into them. With Dr. Boyd at the helm and our efficient board of township trustees 10 help turn our educational ship we will make the harbor in safety. Materially, we are doinsr our verv best in the Corner. More money this spring in farmers' hands than for many years. Every body at work, a good many of the more common sense larm implements are being used. All seem to be making sale, sensible progress; all are hopeful, cheerful. Labor sufficient and efficient. If we farmers will only hold our holt, the worst is about over. One thiug we need and need greatly, that is a cotton mill near the. railroad to buy our vegetables, butter, chicken*, etc., to scattcr its thousands of dollars all around. Oh! how we need it, and it could be built. Last, but most important, we have in the Corner good churches and Sunday-school facilities.' At Beaver)Creek church preaching and Sunday-school two Sundays each month. At Cool Branch church preaching one Sunday and 'Sunday-school every Sunday in the month. At Feasterviile preaching one Sunday and Sunday-school once a month. The great majority ol" the people that make up these congregations are professors of religion. The church at Salem has many members in the same territory. For morality, sobriety, kindness and being neighborly the people that make up these congregations will compare with the best, we will veuture to say luaiati these are but the outgrowth of the srentiine religion that tuey possess. We deem it aa omen of great good to see the interest that is manifested to-day in the cause ofSuud&y-schoojfs. We doubt not but this means of grace has brought many a useful man and womaru. to the front. Organize Ui<: T^tiwcireu theu by orgsmzauon in this religious army, the i>aiiuav-school,they becom^a power for good in the land, in this land that tney are to soon possess. ' l. A GZXGEJi CAKE FOE A VOTE. As I promised to give you an occasional item for your paper, and as tbe candidates are now beginning to ripen an incident recalls itself to my mind which occurred in my native Si ate, Georgia, several years ago, which I think would interest your many readers, especially the dear candidates. Many years ago when Judge Robert M. Charlton, of Savannah, was quite ? fAntt/y mon liic fafhAr Urm T T7 a J VUUg UiUUj A4&4 AUVUV* J A V/ P. Charlton, with his family, spent every summer in the delightful little village of Clarksville, and it happened to be election day, (members of Congress were then elected by what was called the general ticket system, and not by districts as they now are) when he was met by a verdant Democrat of the mountains, who accosted him thus: "Mr. Charlton, are y.ou the man mat is runuia iui v/uugicoas "No sir, 1 am no candidate; my father is, however. But may I ask why tbis inquiry?" "Nothin', only haven't voted yit." "If it is consistent with your feelings I would like if you would vote for my father." "I wonldjust as soon vote for him as an> body." - . Mr. C. thanked him, and thinking, perhaps, his friend was seeking a trial, invited him into a neighboring bar-room. "What will you take?" "I never drink anything, but I ?eo they have some ginger cakes, I would as lieve take one of them with you as not." "Very well, give us a call case," "My brother is in town .with me." "All right, take him a cake wiih my respects." * Anotuer cak? was purchased aud payed tor, and the two friends parted, "greeny" went to had his brother, and Mr. C. to join iu T&TNjjgnT dance with bis young friends, ia"Tt-p&rior near by. The golden hours on ahgei wings, passed rapidly away with "Mr. " ? -^>^i Charlton. His friend was soon for- ; 1 gotten late in the afternoon, when there was a pause in the dance. Our verdant friendjfVcry much to the surprise of every one, stalked into the parlor, inquiriag for Air. C. Of ;| course aH eyes were directed to our menu as lie appruacueu .ur. uiawing from his bosom a 4 x 6 inch cake. tie said: "Mr. Charlton, here is your ?^ cake; my brother had voted afore 1 seed, him." Mr. C.'s embarrassment was not greater than his admiration of'the fellow's honesty. r. v. b. Progress in the State. ?? The Baltimore Manufactures' Record of this week contains the following statement of new interest in this State for the present v week I Aiken.?J. W. Wijfall and P. B. * Matthews will establish a wagon factory. Charleston.?R. B. Lebby, ?. AL. Baiiey, F. S. Rodgers and B. I. Simmons have incorporated the Baiiey-Lebby Manufacturing Company, capital stock ?20,000, to manufacture and sell machinery, tools, ctc. Charleston.-r-There is talk of building a large JjofcciT JyTeenvilie.?Whitmire Bros, will erect a -iarge brick building. . -> Greenville.?Proposals for building the school (east end) previously reported will be received until May 1. Laurens.?The Presbyterians contemplate building a new church. T ?rifor Mr .QnlHtrun A. ? UaUlCUO. VffAAJ W K/UUi>UU building 30x80 feet. iloultrieville.?Northern parties are negotiating witli a view to building a short railroad, etc. * ? '* 1'. ' H