Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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7S& * ' ' ^ ' . VOL. XLIV. WINNSBORO, S. C-, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1887. . NO, 15. OUR GRIMIXAL LAW. i tSOMIi TIMELY SUGGESTIONS I I'ON AN :NTI:J:v<nsr. si" 1*.JKIT. ?.., Fact* and Opiuions Which Comhiicv tl Themselves *0 Serious Cnnsldcratiuc? "Work or the legislature. (Keoivcs Courier?Editorial.; We have read with some interest, but more surprise, tiie views of some of oar leading lawyers on the defects of the criminal law, 2nd the escape 01 guilty criminals thereby, as the cause for the frequency and gravity of crimes. They [propose changes in a system which has met the approval of an enlightened century and advocate them as a remedy against lynch luw and the alleged prevalence of crime. We cannot hope, in a single aitiele, to point out all the falla In II* lILL: CcUUiCU cii VJ. uwR tinguished -writers, but will briefly al lude to the salient points of error, which, I in our view, they contain. Before entering on the subject, we will I state that onr views of the criminal law ? have always been the reverse of those expressed in the articles named, and when in the Legislature we suggested a change * hi the law, which would give the defendant in criminal prosecutions the reply in argument in all cases. We thought then, and still believe, persons charged with eri'ii are put on trial at a great disau i ant: ,e. It is trae, that in theory every Jfc>raaa ?s presumed to be innocent until he &/' is proved guilsy, but iu practice, the corpus delicti being established, every person charged witn crime is supposed to f be guilty. This results from our nature. f All honest men have a cabral antipathy f to crime, as affecting injuriously, either f directly or indirectly, the security of their persons, property and reputation, and from this fact the mere charge of a crime against an individual leads th; pubhc mind iu the channel cf guilt. As a consequence every individual charged with crime mast meet and defeat this natural inclination, either by proof oi: past good character or direct proof of innocence. This position needs no illm tration of its truth, for when we read or hear of any cruel or heinous crime, affect iog life or property, or even the reputation of a female, and a party is arrested for it, we hear the cry, hang him, he ought to be strusg ep without law or gospel. Not a few instances have occurred where this feeling has culminated ?~ii in tne summary esecusen v>i uic i criminal without inquiry as to; or p;cof of, guilt. Tiiis characteristic of our nature is doubtless the father of the right oi a defendant in capital cases to challenge peremptorily twenty jurors. He lias, aid shcnld have, the right of tiiui by a jury composed of calm, uniinpassioned men, free frora any bias or prejudice against hirn or his counsel or the crime itself,for there is an innate prejudice against crime which it is difficult lor any oi us to abstract from the person charged with the crime. This right cf challenge is neither designed nor does it operate as a right to j select a ;uiy,* and we do not turns: it; Should be abridged, bekrg in itseli" wise ; and having stood the te?t of a century. ! Again, in theory the State has only ihe ) right of reply, but in practice this means i the right to sit with closed mouth until; the defence has opened out- its whole-j case, and then in one argument both to j reply to defendant and pile up the points | for the State. We hare heard eases! ?i Kr *r vr.-ir: ! WUC-S ? }JS- SUi?VJVU? -J V, anecdote or appropriate parable has virtually dissipated the argument for the defence, and then, with-track cleared, lias applied facts and eircumstinces pointing to guilt, which by a reply could have btt;n scattered in tuin. The judge not being allowed, and properly, too, to ^ charge on the facts, the handling of them by an espc-rienced solicitor gees fresh to the jury. In t his, the defendant is at a disadvanta :.;e, as no lawyer is ignorant of the advantage of the reply, which in criminal cases, in practice is both the argument for the State and the reply to f the defendant. Again, defendants in criminal eases are generally poor men, often ignoran also, and neither know nor are pecuniarily able to employ efficient counsel. In capital cases young counsel are generally appointed to defend them, who have made no preparation and have no expectation of reward. The State, on the con- i * * ?? ? - ? f?' 1 * v. /Ml \? . trary, is ncn anu juweuui. n. ujj; salaries and employs eminent counsel, but awyers, who often have had years of experience in the prosecution of criminals. They have the criminal law at their toque's end aad are not only ready ;n ;ir."".rafnt, but well posted on all questions . doubtful testimony. In ihis, io -, dviendants are at great disadvantage. Agaia, in theory the State asks the i conviction of no innocent man, but in practice, from the very nature of the legal profession and from the fact that in * all cases sent up for trial, the State has a prima facie case, "solicitors, as a rule, though not intending it, prosecute for Conviction and present in the strongest light every fact pointing to or bear lug on ! guilt. True, in olden times the defend- i ant in criminal case's was allowed no j rtrtnrvc?7 Kr<t. thpn the Oneen's counsel f presented all tlie facts, pro and eon., and ! left the case to the vary. Now there are i iWo sides in every case, criminal as vreli j as civil, and the contest is for a verdict i of guilty on one side and not guilty on j the other, each attorney arraying the; facts of his side to the best of his ability. 1 This is the practice, and in the strength i of the State and the experience. of its j counsel, the defendant is at a disadvant- \ *ge. igain, the law says it is better that j guilty should escape than that one | inno^t man should suffer. These errti- \ nent contend, and perhaps truly, j too, tha^i^rty guilty do escape and as- j ^ cribs it K^ef0ctS ?n the law, but there is j of innocent parties suffer- j fng and no positive word of caution to j juries against conviction. "We read lastweek an account 01 a colored 'man convicted in Temest.ee of gra^d larceny. On publishing the verdict, the prisoner arose and solemnly alleging his innocence, thrust a kaite into his threat and fell dead. Was he guilty V Who knows? At all events liistory in this and rue uid country records numerous ins tan ee^ of persons convict el and executed, in some pases imprisoned for years, when their jnnccenee -was established. In such cases convicjioLs are generally based on circumstantial evidence, and rhe experience of that eminent ' criminal jttdge. I/ord Sale, led him to specially vrarit juries against convictions on purely, circumstantial evidence. The same rule applies with equal force ih ail cises, far the lines of distinction between misadventure, self-defence, manslaughter and murder, so shade into each other as .to render it very dilhcult to locate the grade of crime. In cases resting on circumstantial evidence,, the corpus delicti being proved, the question is, who did $he killing and under 'what circum | stances? Inordinary hotnicid.?, tie ! slayer being known, the question is, was ; there just cause for the act or suilicleiit ; proveca'ion to reduce the killing b<Jo.v i murder I'd how far. Here lies the Viiilij calty. The jury, being uaaMe to read the heart or interpret the motives of e slayer, rind, ir hard to ii^ihcr:ri : tk<. crime and hence their v-vdiot. 'We ;t;?j j act surprised that few parens are found ; guilty of murder, for it is better to err on ! the side of mercy than strict justice. Rather are we surprised thai any man should have within him the elements cZ j murder and hence that any arc guilty, though many are. lMurdt.r is a kiiliag with malice .,nd pre-suppot.es a hca t devoid of sovLd duty and fatally ben': on mischief, a heart desperately -.rickrrd and utterly regardless of ham - j.":. . I: i hard to conceive of a man so ab&udonod as to commit it, but such mi.-n tlo jI and when they kill with maiice they: hcuiJ j sillier the penalty, but they sh,uid hav<; ill the rights of defence consistent with t-ie preservation of society. Now wc say these rights, as they exist, should not be abridged, and in saying this we have no sympathy with crime or criminals, but for tile reason that persons charged with crime aie no: neee:-sariiy criminals, and beeaus?, ic oar jadgmmt, the Stite professing protection to her citizens, from our nature and practice in trials, hts great euvantages over defendants charged with crine. All citizens are personally interested in the prevention and suppression of crime, but having . this natiuv.l feeling we should gaari against making the liw an instrument vi vengeance against erim-j without regard to the criminal, rather striving to enforce the law with justice tempered with chose merciful provish as, the law in its i;.-rni> attempts to throw around, noi-criminal*, but persons char;; . 1 v, i:h crime. Lei us now ex ciine the" assumed facts on which the articles oi Jnc?ge Hudson a?il others arti base ', keeoins in mind the maxims, bsd ib.v crow, bad the ??g, like produces like, a ;V.se premiss necessarily leads to a iaise conclusion. Thc-te writers assume at a fact fuut grave eriises, especially murders. are grov>iug of more frequent occurrence in oar S-.-.to. Is this true? As to our county, we dery its truth and for vorillc.itiuii appeal to tradition and. :?:e records of our charts. As to the State, all thiegs considered, we also deny its-truth. Upon such a charge by aconlemporsr) less than lto years ago, we examined our sessions docket and found i-jss ihaa twenty (we think sixteen or sev -nteen) cases of murder entire J. including cas-^ not arrested and tried,^.ad covering the p-.-riod since the ?vur. Several of these ciises were homicide by misadventure 01 purely technical manslaughter, and ail t ie others tried were cases v>f self-defence i v . . . :j? ?. - j. . ~ j* or maasiaugavcr ;rom nm: pus&ivu, except one bused on cirecussbniiil evidence, ui all these ease* only one vc-rdict of mui'de.: was found ?.nU ihe " purty was execaled. L;t as lock at these facts in the iighi - i the pust iweaty years and coai?ia;e ',.1-jci with facts oi -twenty years before i'10 war. lu 1SCG the people had emerged from ft long war and f'Gand their nous *s < often pilfered and destroyed, their stock ;'oae. their farms a waste, their bkvcp e^aiicioakd, themselves a eon q acred peonioj poor, reckless sm'.i demor. u.ncc:, -ad by frequent contact with blood ftj>u ' habatudiy prone to nu.jerv-.dae hums*: life. For such a people is not the s-xin record of homicides iu the" county an honor and rho Lighter, encomium on ! the law-abiding character of ouv people V rJut this is no? all. During the twenty years over -^,000 slaves iu the county . were raided to full citizenship, a volition : :hey were totally u a lit Led to ill 1 from ; -?aa5 of education, trainicgaad i^te^n'y. of character. In this now-ifcdged liberty they naturally became arrogant to their ' former waiters, did not regard the law of meum and tuum and in the changed rela tlon of whites and blacks numerous ai- ' tcrcaticns and homicides would naturally be expected. How slim the record and how complimentary to the peaceable i character of the "whites, when it shows ] but three negroes killed by whites in 20 " year* in a population ci nearly 20, OIK) people. But this is not ali. Daringthe " 20 years the negro, invested wish suf- 1 ire go, sought and obtained political 1 powei, abused it, oppressed the people ; with taxation, wrecked :he credit of the < State government by the issue and sale ' >i State bonds, and with his Eadical ul- : lies iuaugurate-i a system of public pii- [ * IjgTi which maddened the whits element j ? 1-3 - "3 i-s~^ lam AVA^ -vn. I anu liUUCU i'j uciiiuiaiii.6tioii. In the face of these abnormal : times the country might expeot a, hcea- : tomb of homicides each year, and ycttlie j s spirit of law and order prevailed to a ! wonderful extent, giving us a better is-;; cord than that for a like period in normal < times. Bat this is not alb During the iiC) years the Air Line Railroad has been . surveyed, graded and built and a good ! deal of work has been done on the Blue Ridge F.oad, drawing together groups of j iu-borers oi all classes acd colors and tending to arrays and homicides. New towns have also sprung up and our population has largely increased. Take and combine aii these tendencies to bickerings and peace breaking and the crimes committed in this county since the wt*r j are leaver viie ui'.-si r.v-\ -uMiuug ^iUialist could have expectid. la i'acr, the Sessions journal at Pickcns,(we have not access to it) we are satisfied, will show a larger number o: grave crimes (murders included; for 29 years before the w?r than iu ine past 20 years. Tills wiil be found true. we think, notwithstanding the increase cf populate ~n by immigra-! tioii and the; citizenship of the negro, j whose violations cf lav.* were not then ! cognizable iu the court cf session?. We I remember when four white men were ! tried at the same court before the war; for killing whir? men ?:: "! when ten or \ twelve laborers were iu jail from Tunnel Kill for murder. la i'ict we can count from memory n; homicides by whites before the war have occorr; d in the last-0 years, and - irrm-moiy v-iil not exter d back 20 y. ars -prior to The war. This, too, when our population ux i->io I was iitrle over half wh^t it is now. Why, the:, you ask, is there a general | impr'j-jsion that homieides are fur more i freq it-nt and increasing constantly than; they formerly were? Simply oceanse:*. > | ass^'1 on is so commonly and confidently : aa'h thai it has been accepted as a fact j : \ti nlil nhi'oso- ! phcr was once puzzled witb. the question,' \ j vhy water in a tub with a Ush \i it j i wou'd weigh the same as it did without the i-.li. Was the fact true? He found \ on i vesiigaticn it was not. So. wo con-; tenO, v.'ueee writers^n the criminal kw ; wil: Cud i-jxa-XL^iioa, evrtair.ly cur c-.'-uiiiv. v-f.t :tic pillar of lueir ar?t -eles :>; ia fact and Jieaee leada to t-.'| false conclusion. Another reason why men conclude thai j homicide is cn the increase is the ease, ra pidity and completeness of the collection ; cf news through the operations of the telegraph, the railroads, thj press sad the mote complete system of maiLs. There ' is not an accident or homicide or otber grave crime committed in the State or the United States bet it> flashed over tbo wires to the remotest part of the nation. Ia a population of sixty millions of people this array of crime in ail its horrors presents a formidable and fearful record, ! and editors, seeing to is commingled re| cord daily, conclude on general princi{ pies that neither Ills r.or property whl I long be secure, unless tiie homicidal tendency of the :ige is checked. In this way, without investigation and without regard to the are;-, and "opniation covercd by tlie daily report ox crime3 ia all parts of the country, the impression gets I out and the cry is raised: "Crime abounds and is iner-.-a>ing at a fearful rate." Xhe same mistaken idea, proceeding from a like cause, exists in other matters. In the summer we hear men say more persons are killed by lightning now than formerly. This is true and yet falsy. True, in that more peoole are now killed than formerly, because popuiriHon has increased, but t'ai je, in that no greater i^rcenfcig> \s killed, 'i he same is largely true ?>: iires. railroad accidents ami such like, the dmeivnce if any, being attributed to negligence. in: 5 is an age of travel and news, an age when, figoraiiv 'y what is spoken iu the ear is proclaimed from The housetop. Wo say, then, that, so i'ar us our county is concerned j crime is not on the increase, and so far as the State is concerned, all things being considered, we do not believe it i> on the increase. Iu fact at the iast terra of court at Pickens there was not a good hard'day's work on the criminal dock'-t and the court of sessions adj jnrncd early Tuesday. It rarely holds t \Yaih:>lia above a day and a hair, and at the summer term the pc-tit jary is iten discharged before the grand jury can complete its report. <_>n examination it will be found also that the bulk of crim-, small and grave, is committed-by negroes and that even counting them v. e have, relatively speaking, few crimes, Charges such as are mr.de iu the anic.'os referred to operate iujuri-jcsly on the oitiz'-iiS of the State, tending lo impede immigration, lower the valne of propeity and prevent the investment and mtiux of capita), and if not founded on solid facts should be refuted. We have heretofore briefly alluded to the right of challenge of jurors in criminal cases, and oppressed c-ur opposition :o any change in the law giving .fudges the right to charge on the fact1?. We think intelligent juror.-;, who see and often know personally the defendmts and witnesses in such cases, can best understand and weigh iho value of testimony and should be permitted to form their judgment on the facts brought oiJ without "aid or influence by the judge." The latter is generally an entire stranger to the parties and could not form as correct an opinion on facts as citizens of the county. He now has a;l the power Le should have. We shall now consider one other alleged defect which, we think, has no foundation in fact, viz: that juries, bv :> .i:?nof bias from personal friendship , o wards the defendant, or against the brate from being stood aside by tlie soli eicor, too often fiiil to convict when the iji-ovf v-fc^ftnt3 a verdic* of guilty, in L-:ht*r words, that under the present law, ! giving defendant a s > called right to se- i lect me jury and shutting oh' the right of : lae judge, "to aid the jury and intlu- ! t-nce the result," conviction of the guilty ; in the exception and escape the rule, re- < parsing the old rule. , We h::ve already shown that men have :n innate- antipathy to crime and that ] rhe mere charge of crime, brings odium : :>n cue pa- charged and leads to an ::pinion of guilt, which defendant must j l\ move. The State, by its able and cxpe- < rienced solicitor, having the closing ar- i :;ament, why should the judge have or :lesire the ri^ht to argue the facts to i ::e jury or "to aid the juvy or influence > .ho result," or. as the writer sa\s, to ; i>nr?i? them hack to risdit reason when i ?_0 i.-i:; mind;; have been led astray by : i tutc argument? This looks a little J !>loody, ii ill tit; vindictive, perhaps a liitle JeflVeyifcisb, uiJ such power in ti;e judge a not necessary, either for the peace, : urdc-i.' or protection oi' society. 3ut we have digressed. The jury Jaw in South Carolina lias been greatly improved since the war. Formerly jurors were promiscuously drawn iu open court ; Erom a box containing the names of uli ' roting taxpayers of the county and the List wits prepared sir months before the ; term of service began. No special quali- ! iications were required. Under the pres- ' :nt law the box islilled by selecting irom ' the taxpayers of tae county a limited J cumber of names, posses'-iog certain ipialifications, to wit: The names put ic ' lliu box must represent citizens of intelligence, of good moral character and free ; Srjm legal exception, from the box so ' nlietl the iurv oi each term is drawn a i ' short time before court. The la?,- pro- : rides that the box shall be filled by a jury commissioner appoint sd bv the Gov- ; eruor, the cbaiymaa of the board of County Commissioners and the County Auditor, all necessarily intelligent men a;;d sworn to do their duty. This raacliiiiery should and does give our courts representative men on the jury and operates as a safe guard to innocence and a : terror to tbe guilty. We would be sorry to believe that such men could bo biased , or prejudiced against the State, which trniy means uguinst themselves, their families and their interest?, by the mere tniie of beiag stood aside bv the solicitor in the process oi' empanneiing a jury for 1 a special case. ft'e would be grieved to lb ink that any moral, intelligent jurorj won d will'uliv form an "i nurse a bi^s or | prejudice for or against hi? fellow, againtt his personal interest and sworn duty. We are prone to judge -icea by our own nature, and accord to all the meed of honesty and good faith, until i'-icj L:-ve forfeited the right to it by their acid and conduct. Lot evil be to Mr:: chat iliinkeih evil. The only and great danger of bias .or prejudice in a criminal case is against the accused and i proceeds from that natural repulsion to ! crime which is found i.i the hearts of aii j honest men.- Prom this there is danger iiiaV -. juror, though aetisg honestly and am Jentnusly on his judgment, may see -nd hear and judge darkly on the evicV-nce. Strive as he may to hear and i - impartially, he may. unconsciously , i. im-eiij beinilaeuced against the aecii?1. I, by his hatred to crime attaching t.- the party charged with it. While tiiTi -o true ~ve must remember th&fc no s-v.-i-v"! can be perfect and :ree from ail Jbjjoction and that as lueu must and will U:4.ic.c in opiuio_n, no schema can be a-Lyied to tiie wishes or wants of alL The essential features of the present iyst. :: cf trir-.l by jury have stood the tv t m' ac; s, bivo protected life and proper;. to tiis general satisfaction, and h^ )ou d no acceptable substitute. We ? them stand asimpaired, i'or i? i \ ... "... v*;:- ioyr;-.- in the objection on! i-ve . ; u i-; biris, by .standing aside a i aror ui.-.; ii'.tch hike, there is lio reiacdy : r. it save : > abolishing jury trial :_ \ ' : 10 * -.J" ^ -.1 .*1 .a. panel, ua ju-vurs uuui'J | have no efect, for assuming that jurors ; Li.ive so little honesty as to be controlled ; u > prejudice for being slood aside on j ; r e one hand, or by personal feelings i I for or against the defendant on the other, j j is lo put it beyond the power of either ] : party to get a, true jury. "Wears satisfied j } with" the present system and believe this j hue and cry ox grave crimes being on the increase is a false alarm, founded on naked rumor without investigation; farther. that juries fail in their duties has no foundation in the records of cm courts. A lull reply to the extraordinary a: tide;? of those miters, or rather a just vindication of the peace aiul order of oar State, ail things consider*1'.!, would require several articles, u.scl i/ the discussion gees on v?e reserve the right to our .say. V.'e hope also in a future short article to she v.* rh.; lynch iaw is in no way attributabv; d-Ceris in our crirr-inal law or it.- adminisLiav.on. 'out purely and solely to ' L-e cr:;< Ity, hoinousaess j and aggrava-ed -rreus: stances attending ! the crime. As there are croakers in j fanning, is mechanic?, in morals and in j other pursuits, so v/o lied them in the ! ;:it, and ?is in ti.e former cases, the ' - .ult, if any, lies sot- in Providence, so -1- -Cf o\'ir*c v\s\r. j -a i? Jul 'vi j . -w .j ' - < in thelaw. L*. r. us then lay aside complaints and using the means before v:--, - ii'ectivc for generations, rnove on in the road to peace and prosper'cy. IJESCUIXG T:iK IHZS&KTS. .Vr:u Western Wastes ro be r?i?d;: to iiios- J soxu '.he Hose. Frum the I t.w York 1 i mt-s.) The farmers of Nebraska have served notice upon the "great American desert" that it must withdraw from their State, and are npw pushing its eastern boundary across the line into Wyoming and Colombo. Oii the 5th instant Cheyenne county's llrst agricultural fair-was held at Sidney, a town on the meridian of 103 degrees. This county, which is about the size of the State of Connecticut, lira between uie meridian?; of 102 degrees and lOi degrees, f--r bovond ihe line which, was dtcJart d a f-_-w years ago 13 be the West-, r:: lirait o:. gricuit:ire in fhe region lying bi-tweeu rhe liycky Mountains and ths Mississippi. Sidney is situated on Lodge Pole Creek, a tributary of ihe South Platte. 'T?l _ . . * J.T ... . _ . _ mree ycaro sgo lucre v. ;?s not a jarm Louse or any sign ol habitat! id. in the region between these streams, which extends across the south-rn. part of Cheyenne counry. "To-day," saia General Morrow. 'Mho iaactveape is dotted all over with houses, looking like the little silver spots on emerald licUd." The soil is surpassingly rich in the elements "*hioh produce magnificent crops of corn, 'wheat, oats and other cereals.'" Almost the only drawback is '"Ue supposed lack of in nstnre in the cropgrowing months of Jane, July and August." Eat this "supposed iack of moisture" has not prevented the settlement of the county by farmers and suiSeient agricultural development within two or three years to warrant the holding of a fair in "the desert." With regard to changes which have made the reg^m attractive, General iiorrow said: "Has the climate ef Western Nebraska changed within the last few years, and is it still uDd-.rgoieg modification? I think it is safe to say that the climate oi i*2i the North western States has i-.ndorgone, and is still undergoing, a change m respect to the amount of moistu/e annually dein \ . \f rt^ri o > I a* ! From observations running through ten 1 rears in Eastern Nebraska is may be j 3..?nsidered as an established fact that j there are more rainy days in the year | lb an there were formerly." To show that the clim-.'iie of a country j is modified by cultivation and settlement be referred to his experience at Fort Douglas, in Utah. This post was established ia 1861, and in thai year the recorded rainfall there was only eleven inches. General Morrow was in command at the post from 1870 to 1874, and in the last named year the rainfall, which had been "gradually increasing from year to year,:> r ached twenty-seven inches. Tiie greater part of this rain [ Fell in the spring and summer months, { although it is re-ported by the Mormons that in 1847 and for several years afterward there was in these months scarcely iny precipitation of moisture. ?>-??-g ii <>uii.e a Kojriar.ee. ; I 'Air. J. 13. Bkvlkie'o marriage to 3Iiss j Ellen Botfcs, of Savannah, was recently ; announced. This marriage has an un-; usual halo of*romance about it. Aiiss ; ; i~>^ oyub v. as s. ujl i i<-j:ucuii -i.i ouai. i md atter her engagement a fever and I the excitement of the earthquake brought I iboat a loss of vision which the occulists | pronounced permanent. She immediately sent her fiance, v.-ho wa3 in Scotland, a release, which he refused to accept, and took the next steamer to America to declare his fidelity and urge in immediate marriage. This unexpect- J bd happ.ness produced a great cliange i for the belter in itiss IJa:ts, which ended j by her recovering her eyesigh'. The | yosng people go to Scotland next j month.?Baltimore Sun, E-. J! >i?l I?if That consumption should he the lesst! ftppreheosive oi their ov.u conditio:), whi:e iiiJ their frieuds are unjhVg n:i'i b?. seeching lia.au to he mere cvtefui about exposure r?.. i - .. .. A r ....... A ' lUIU L'1.1 iiiiij ovj i.uit0iucii;u , one of ibe alarming svinplouts ci the ; i.i;v;i.sr, where lite jvilicat is rtckJcss and; vili w.ii bviicvo tiiit bo i.s in dagger. ; lie?:-.i :r, if hi this condition, do cot : acgK-f:^ tne only means of recovery. Avoid ; exposure und fatigue, be regnhir in your ! ha!?i: , and u.-e fa.it iituHv Dr. i'iercc-'s; ' Golden Mcoitv.i Di^-uvory/' I* h;:.s saved : lln>us-;::ds wLo we?.- :te;i-:;!y failinii- ; "ii-c seakkiu sacquc ai:<* Ibe plush iir.i- j talfon are abroad ag-<ia in :be land. Tne man v;ho hoes sucb ttendiih weapons ; as "I ro d you y>.'* and "I knew it was go- j ing i > happen," N worst' ih?n :i i>oir.b tL.rov.ver, and more* hateful thnts ;; l>;:Z/c;ril. ; G- :vernor Gordon ernphntiCNily denies ' :irj >V'ry that he kiss:?!! Geucral G: 31. ! on the occuMon of a ^oiiiiCHi txicct- j :ny; u O-wiurd. It was false in every.; pir?". ] : It if '!i"s fl: : ? vv -j: twice ! in " ; ? 'V;p' <; r?t ;>t. aii'4 ; v't i j S !') J' iS Of lire, hot diiutJa^ i.-y the two wrecks is .f.ls>:vr)0. It rieliDiteJy staled in Washington that Secretary l/una? vriil be put on the Su- j pic::ie Bench and thnt Assistant Secretary ' \f win iiun iii iiiTreasury ! Department. 'I.. Lo&rfon p-^iic: broke up a working- i racit'? meeting in Trafalgar Square yester j localise it iril rfen-cL with basiccss in j the vicinity. The orator of the occasion ; was seat to i ?il. A- : ouirviiie. Ivy., yesterday morning: j C.I Bri'.wofiejil. . ?. dri.mrner, kiiled iiU j wife. : is cliil(i and bis brother-in-laV, -nd I -Iin himself. Gambling1 drove-h^mj to r.eviiii n. Ho v.*r.s *;7 years of i and ' : .$ always knr.wn as a sober, icdus.: trio::-; mun. j j. i-_. i'-jjv.MOCs Merchant Tailor Establishment. Columbia. S. C., is in full bloat;. Go]" a look will cog vines any one. .ill that vyant a crst-ei&ss siting suit try him. A f ull line of the best goods on hand. 'TV-. T-Vn/lnr cvit-<-Viiv.r- T>/->^n X/V J VU " UUJ l.WKj tiUVUU -t-tw . . son's reputation for veracitv ?" "It ought to stand vsrv high. He told | ms his 2C? dog cost him $25. He paid Burnley ?10 for it. A man who can conn ae himself so strongly to the truth as that when talking about his dog deserves, the confidence of the community."?The* Epoch. TIMELY TOPICS FOR FARME ? ! SOTS' TO DO PAYING WORK AT THIS :^r SEAifOy. Sriggestions of Interest, from an Authoritative Source. j (*i7. L. Jones in Southern Cultivator-) SO 1VTSG WHEAT. The old Georgia rule was to sow in the dark nights in October. We are of the opinion that the- man who understood ho rule iiterallv, and sowed, plowed and harrowed in his crop after dark, was r.s philosophical as those who I ..feist that wheat should be sown during the last quarter of the moon in October. The "dark nights1'?so-called?as cft3u occur during che ???t week a* during the lost week. The best rcue probably is to sow about the usual time o? the ilr-t killing irost, which generally occurs, in Middle J i >?. wuvvci vvi. j first'of November. Such a rule applies j equally well throughout the legion in j -^hlch winter-so wing prevails, and iyJ- j lasts itself to the other operations and conditions on a farm, none of wl icn "re dependent upon the phases of the moon. As-already suggested in la-t month's "Thoughts," not every farmer should attempt to produce his ovvu supply of wheat. iJroper diversification of crops does-not imply that a farmer should absolutely produce oven thing. Bat there are inacy farms in the hill country of the Eastern, Gnlf and South- Atlantic 6ziAfi:, on which wheat may be grown with almost as ranch certainty as in the great wlissfc States of the Northwe.-.t. Experience Ins shown that the best remits ure obtained when seed of Southern growth are sown, of varieties that are of local, good reputation. Seed wheat from thy North and West fail, as a rule, when sown in the cotton States. Sow on hi :. well-drained cotton land, having a eiay /^.tbcoil close by, manuring with cotton heed, or me:-1 mixed with acid phosphate, in the proportion of twenty busheLs of cotton seed or two hundred pounds of meal to one hundred pounds of acid phosphate, which will do for one acre. It the green seed are used thty should be plowed in before sowing the wheat. If the meal bo used with acid phosphate the mixture may be sown with the wheat on the freshly plowed OATS. Io is still ih good time to sow oats iu the southern parts of our territory. Iatieed, it is the usual time iu Southern Georgia, and contiguous sections of other ISiv.t-iS. If the 'work was not clone last month, even in regions farther north, it is advisable to sow oats eveajio'w, lather than relv entirely on.,?^pri?g crop. Notwithstanding repealed winter-killing of iate years, we- have still more continence?in the long-run?in fali sown oats* than in spring sown. Potatoes. Detailed suggestions for digging and preserving this crop were given last month. If not already harvested, no t,:r%e should be lost in doing this job. TSiiiiils. or banks should be more ar<d more deeply covered with earth as the j winter comes on. COTTOS. The exceedingly favorably weather | *1.ar. nrprail.-v' rli'T-ino' rho psriv !">*(] lips ! made it au easy matter to gather the j crop in good condition. If our sugges- J tions looking to the most expeditious. \ pla i of saving the crop have been heeded j the la-it picking involvvs the gleaning oi the cotton remaining after the first hasty ; grab. It will now be realized how liitie j will have been lose if the hulls remaiu its ; they were llrst left and how much has j been saved by following the suggestions in securing the bulk of the crop in good condition. CAKE OF LIVE STOCK. Owing to our comparatively ruiid winter climate the Southern farmer is apt to neglect wholesome precautions agaihst severe weather. In fact, it is shameful how little thought or care is given on | many farms to ihe comfort of tne dumb , and helpless animals who toii for us ihe year round, and are content with their wages, rations and shelter. Aside from moral afcd humane considerations it is a question of dollars and cents that no termer can a fiord to ignore. There are-; many farmers who are generous to a j fault in feeding; thsy fill up the feed-1 troughs and hay-racks with corn and I oats and fodder three times a day. Uuc the shelter provided is often of tlie mcst primitive and inadequate kind, ami, - ' ?? ? ~ ? ? - -W. /. c ?. /\ V.. 4-l"? \ tU MJilxUi/iJUJCa JJU bLiciu. | the Ice-side of a corn-crib c>r_ a fence- j corner. It should be remembered that i the food ingested by a horse, cow or | other anim.?l serves two distinct pur:; poses in tiie animal economy: 1. To j keep up the heat of the body ro the point below which the viial processes ciunot be carried on ard life continue. This temperature (98i degrees) must; be maintained constantly in the very coldest as well as in mild weather. The naUtral o! -aintainksg this uiiim:d ntai is by burning a po rtion, of the food as it p:i.^see through the lungs in tbo form of bio ?d. The colder the wear her?other things being the same? the greater will be the proportion of the iooJ that is taken into the stomach that must be used as fuel, and of course the proportion that, can be utilized for repairing waste tissues asd stored up as .fat must be lessened. But if resort is had to mechanical means to keep out the cold ?to keep in the heat?a very great saying of food is accomplished, while- at the sa:he time the aidtnais ave stronger for labor or fatter for the butcher. In our own domestic arrangements' we obey this i principle without much attention to the J philosophy of it. We provide thick I tight Yi^dovvS and doors, qtoppiug ! tbc cracks with core. cr?d warn beds to sleep. on?ihas saving the consumption I of a ranch larger amount of fuel, :uiu i adding greatly to the personal comfort 1 and happiness and preserving the health of the member: of oar family. Nails, lumber and boards axe much cheaper conservators oF animal warmth ?nd promoters of thrift and fattening than extra al o wonces ui food. Bat why polios-o- [ poize on this subject? Is there a farm or j in Jill this broad land who d^esnoi know tbat ii is more profitable, more humane, move Caiiis'iinn-like, to make his live-; sk-ek comfortable ihan to cjmpel tlie;.u j to ctsod sbiveriuc in the f&xto c-orac-rs.! o: at best in open chads or pole-made j stsbles with cracks ho large that a dog I j might easily jump through. If there is, j j we"trusi that he is not amose- the. rcr>ci-; ers of The Cultivator. i It vrill be remembered in this connee- j j tion that vre have often stressed :he im-! I poctanee of getting the porkers inlo ^ j condition for the knife before the cold I weather has set in for the Tvinter. Hogs > should nov be nearly or quite ready to kill, and advantage should be taken of j ! ihe first cold spell the latter p^rt of this r month to commence operations, Christ-1 mas should find them all in the smoke\ house ami the !:i lings onthj sticks, { The best- and e..?ap.- :: iieonis that made ! fro-u hc?gs v.vll tarried and butchered j in December orearilrr. Til'i E, rSEUOLD. While j.-oitis deliiupK-at ia re&pec.t to ! provision for household comfort' as in | the raarrer of protection to dumb ani: mals, yet it is often a reproach to the ; otherwise good name and reputation of j j many farmers tJv .5 ihey give so little at- | | tention to t v.t;:. us makers that go to : j make up the of household comfort ami Lap;, iaess.. Big cotton crops, pl--j?y provisions, abundant, boas -room, etc., do not of themselves supply all the dt minus of comfort and contentment, though ail* ?rding the .JUCalia ' 4 JLCi-.SV^AU^ 0*ivvV.V/>V S. VA or.se for failure, There is no reason ^vriy a farmer should not have as comfortable a homo and as convenient appliances (eras-light find water-works only excepted) as in tfco town or city. Nov is the time to make these arrangements and provisions for the coming winter. Important factors in the problem of domestic comfort and fiitaiiy contentment and i. }j3pp:iie>?/ *it & <. '-Hdi'Ti-, they are two-fold more important during ine five or six months that an- to come. Do away with the old style o: d celling in the centre of a big yaro, kitchen in one corner of the same, wt-K in an-.ther, smoke-house in s-till aaotl.or, :ii?-1 wood-pile ox green, soggy J perh -i: ; s-vamp wood and dull as over rhe ft-nee or out by the roadside. Lot tlto ki?vhe>> ar-d a convenient CTore-rooni, to be r-.-pVnisIied from time to time from a well-filled smoke-house, be under the same roof with the dwelling. Provide an abundant store of cut and dried fae! and kindling. By attention to these und ^ Lr^idrcd other details of household conveniences and comforts, time and patience are conserve.;;, h- aith and cheerfulness promoted and home is made happy. Li..\.vTK:i o:vs tuwks. 'J'lti-v A rr Gmtefoi for 'i'lsrii* Kctara to Liberty. Emcsl lirivwn. aocottp-n.-ieu by Ferdi- . oand Dub.:ck, John C .*ry, A. Kramer Cur! A . Latnniercoh many ethers called Us?. xiiL'Ii Use resilience <-l' Connse.lo; ; August t\ Vvag'w'iicr r; . p.!..staled Lim , v. i.;. a :-ct of f:.:::; : r. & ;!;it:?> ;-< expiev-ive | of their dc.e;; gr.-stioide ro i-hn for liie sor- , vices !; ; veao\ red in .h' s!?u*?2 their release | from the iasaiic asylum a Ward's Island.! According Mr o,r's story. a , uresit vroa-r is b.u. t<y the Uoarii I '>f Cimriiie-: an:'. ' } -.e? nine!:. O i'i'j'l- 1 ' tiffed with :!h; V;'.;; [ >. ::-i Asyiuni. If. \ Wageu'.t s:;y* that beyond 'he shadow i>f a j ' (i')ub' over :.;} ) s;u;C ; ns . re co:;-!5 finedin the insaneasyhiia ? :. Ward'sls! -ad. j ' '.vhiie over on :_ir-1 < !' in.: w?uicn who 11 have been deii tied insiue are as ra!: ">nvi ! < as any of their sc \ who am today recog j i oizod by society us i.-tiiu hi.-utaiiy soaa.-s ; : Several of the j.'onl!e:":en who pat-' ".heir ; t respects to 2-1 r. V.'agtaer at ids home last I night laid 'tiies ! .< ted -ha' llrst hearing! i seemed entirely incredible. Ferdinand1 ? Dubeck, who I con-hud for over S six'y tistyss ia ;1: - :\-an. ;> !') in u very in j < telligent raaaniitkc of the treatment \ j he had ivctiv'.d on Want's 1-1 -.cd. He ?aid j, that, although Sin-.- an-1 :-c: t'ectiy rational; ' in all things, ho was r i *; sc.l a hearing be- j * fore the physician of -ho a-;yli:n>, and con- i i staativ kept at Tneni : i ;np:;>3 meat, Mich ys i vasuicg oisL-;;;, h-.h. iiic 11 >^r aad: waiiinc ou table. . ' John C-irrj", ;?vi?c*. :.?d <i ?Ju're of c good hyr-'.ili. ; " v' r,_ l.c ' s ha'l been c.a;T; cd i?: fi.r >evea ! : years and -.eve ; 'bo. 'I. i'. tv.:y rt> i \ q::- st made 1-y t ? J v. us ig- : norod by \ . c':n:u 31 r. Carry is ; 3 uslay eu:j-;oyv-: N ;; . :. i' ;ir wholesale j c prto; tll2 Iriehrfi5r$ of v;hi'-!; vufac his St" ! vices hiniiiv. > < . . . .. ; * A. iviMntaf. : tOitl w i;>:: sit.-:y of K-: t'r.r . . . . ..linen ru j -aid t. .u !. . :u..y :. .-U:'. : by those i'j c-J.tiy.-'. .a ti:-.-.. -til I " that tat :iU.ih Sum/.'. ;>ud - T uoCkI ! 1 ht-dii:. ' ;; Carl A. Lsauserecb; '? excc&lingly weli: * informed Germac-Aaic-nbin, ; el hi-; j i sad experk- "-?e r.< 1 the insane l i.syl:: i at Wstrd's M an:: ; .v. hc-j ii'*.'I c-c: hU iiv:^ b :;j. > < mi:\% the K:*. i il.vcr C;dcr :o hi*: c family and i'r;c-.-.s-. ?y.v?ix v. i:om he h: d ! ; h'icTJ cmcisy .S'-jjitl:t t: I" >!3:>ni'lj?. j Aiia'ut P. Wagoner, 1?:-i V'-uaj; j.wY<r,, who had seemed the ictei*.- -.ae (hhi* - ; s:\' .v.i.e oers >:.s !'ro:ii the ]s;:.n !. iuhl how H at the r<'Miest o.' a po.-.r, half-starved . woni.-iii w):o-c hve:j ill ^aliy ~ iiuod he h.td tup h: ;* i-a-f or-Jy to ! *' !i:a! that ihc*re w-.-rc o:any of a .-ituilai a a- ' ,. iuro ; After 3Ir. W ^.-ncr had :x-ea v repaded, ; 1 Sir Fi?r?n -re I shercivpti room, | :?mlin afew -vti! remarks pi eseuted ! Lbe deserving y. un.; lawyer with a hand-; somclv i'rainwl *.-? i.' i*.- ant ions, tc-ade ed : by the Srcicry o? Hnm-.nity f- r the ser- j s r<. nden ! in h<-h::if t.f :h? suffering j innr.:.tcs of Ward's I-lr.nd Co-vner Levy ; fi'.ul Mr. Fleron, v:h.j were ;i!so :he recip- i ts of p*v?CMs tendered by the ! some soei 13*, relume !h: ir ihnisUs t<r the '; ::,-..f|ous donors in a few weU-ci?osea and j kindly eXpie?i<:d W'.M'ds Mr. and Mrs. ^VSjjeaer, nfior receiving the congratulations of their friends, invited all prrsfeut t-.) partake-r '.aerepist dieybad prepared for ;he ece.i>a. After a f&w merry hot:rs of f'-j'stinir, dancing and singthe j-'yon-. : ;u uciintr d:.-j.-ersed.? York H'azt, Nok. 1. ? -an~~ The Bali i more Ma.-ivf'tcturer* Record, j iif ii;i> a* v.;-: ioe *< iiov.-jt:ir $tute;ncr.l; * of new enterprises in Sou':; Carolina- ' Abbeviile.? rhere is bilks' building a j fi cotton factory. * C-mde'' W. I*. con ten;-1: :s:ulc? b-:v:i:;g J he c-.-t: < ?* i'ac'.ory tirevf'.ias- \ i iy n-.'-afiootJ, bat will r- br.ild before ! next spring. ; \ IMgelield.?Aivla Hart Id ? uildini; a \ j telcpaor o line from Ed. cficicl to Treason. ;r Fricadfleld.?R A*. Ti.-unous bus rebuilt; j Ids gin. * | j Marion.??mer?on lias, with !, d. A. Xonrood. Jo-. W. 'I-yjliday, Jesse ! * G. Holliday. K. J. Black well, W. II. Cross,; i-nd C A. >V' f (i-. i;:o .j; iv. ; .i the Marl m * Work5 0:ap..ny 10 hl< sna ! cfcino shops. Tii-3 ^s-pifei stoukis $9,000. ' Marlon.?Ti::.- Mari';*! C-iton Mills. lately reported as 6 be iaeon oraied, have a cairis ' t:;5 sick of ^fCO.OOO They wtU tv&anfac- i she brick for thai? factory. "Work < will l>egfe c.i.'-j.i' hiCUiry 1. \ >t .-aiisuoru.? 1 ui liiu j j p:cvi?>u.->iy r j) r.cii ; f'siiis formed lo j men. exii-Sbiv-,.!;; ;k-.-<-(..-p ii:c Wiansboro \ fjr.ri:re C-tuujKtoy. capital ?tc<u; is $60,(?00. ItudolpS. Sicgiiag_oi Charleston j i-. i-.r?;-iid?;nr, and T; W. Woodward of ?\ iucsworo Msaiiaqcr. ? i Pianos and Organs. .Ar of ih3 besr stakes. $25 cask uud j1 >7overaoer J, at spot cash price ? ;, on s. Piano. 3 c.-r^ti y:vj W^oe No-j vcsaber 3. at ?v-c.l oasti prices on an! Or^an. iX-livee"1, freight free, at your sparest depot. Pifteen dars tooi trial i a_J freight both ir not satisfactory. \ Writi scr circular:. Itf. W. TliO'MP, | Columbia, S. C. [ rues AgJ'. uosrro, '.vtis jn ton, Ky.. yesterday, fortlit murder of iiis brother-in-law ii: September, 1-S66. The ii'.vo had (juarreLed over the ownership of iv. o roasting-ears jv THE GARDEN OF EDEN. i ITS PKOBABLE LOCATION NEAK THE CITY OF CHARLESTON. ' I?i-,hop Keener Gives SoiaY: lit-asons lor . Such a Supposition?The Voyage oi Xouli in t3ie Ark. The Ecv. J. Keener D.D., in reviewing an article in the Review, writes to the Southern Christian Advocate as follows: I am, however, a little sarpr^ed at the quiet way in which vou, Mr. Editor, tike the speculations of Dr. Warren, of the Boston University, which Dr. Harrison has noticed somewhat:- approvingly in his "Book Reviews." I should cert.-iniy not ailo'.v this industrious and scholarly Bostonian to take the very ground from under me without a protx-t. If "tho Cradle oi the Human Race" is to be found at the North Pole, of course no one can think or look toward it without seeing Boston a^d its .'iniyergit^, ' "Whatever may be'the merits of the Doctor's theory, he has at h:ast loosened up Eien. It is -now fairly at sea. I have leen content all my life to consider fc-he q itsticn as settled, and. have been content to think of "Mesopotamia' as the acknowledged home oi our tir^t p '.rents. But the Doctor saj-s that the Aretie eircie furnishes the true solution o: tnis fascinating problem. "This perennial interest in the search for the garden of Eien was, says the Review, tij.c inspiration of 'Columbus; that "he cherished the conviction almost, perhaps a&tualJy, to his dying day that he tad discovered t'aradise." "One cf the most pathetic passages to be found in all literature," says Dr. Warren, "is that in which announces to his royal patrons in his discovery of the ascc-nt to the gate of the long lost garden of Eden. Of course Col am bus Vas mistaken. It may-be, however, that he was not so far out of the way as Dr. Warren supposes. At i'U:t there rercains something to be said its favor of Southern latitudes in connection with Eden. Columbus landed too lu-.v. The next point attracted attention oi those in search of the site of Paradise was the Piorida coast. That vision, too, it list went out like a dissolving camera. : i take it for granted that the theory wuieli places Eden at the Xorch Pole cartes it straddle both hemispheres, and ind that brings it into America. I suppose, too, the suggestion sprang from .he discovery of a mammoth in 1771 in a ;rlbutary of the Lena, in Siberia, latit\r\ A r* cry asm XT/wH"* or>/? olerv in 1 ftrYJ. was found in Siberia. Both, howiwr, had very close set red wool an inch ! ina a half long over the skin?an Arctic covering in fact. Then I suppose' the * ky of six months would be" quite a ' rvitidfall to those who want1 'more room" ' n tiie Mosaic aceount of "the evening ! md the morning" of the first day. Now, suppose we bring Eden down \ 50'ath, say as far as Charleston, em- ' tracing the coast between the Santee Ltd the Savannah, with its several rivers ] iuu inlets, between the 30th and 40th )ardliels of latitude. We have for it ) his muih to say: 1. In and near the Cooper apd the : ishlsy rivers there is a vast collection ] ;i the remains of the largest mammals, i. .C'.:ialiy of their mi-lite-and vetebrse. Chose are remarkable for l;heu'~~va:ict..y. 'cry hugs, very many, and evidently of ! nauy distinct species. We pat this I Ljaiust all solitary individuals as yet j i: -covered in or near the Artie regions. it. Resides those remains, which, from j ' e amount of silica in them, have re- . 5 <rd the action of time and acids,There ; :,v phosphate masses in which these I a^-iars are imbedded. Probably the * urge bones returned to their original j 'jurce. Then there are scattered about . .lu.ul aud large boulders oi the phos hate of lime, indicating at a greater U;yth a mine of this mineral. > fry 1.. a. -> ? ... .* ^ - AUVs SUUYig LUltu LiifcJ&C JUUUiaiS Wt'IC ; : i tiouted into this place by the action >: s^a currents, but were here from the. ( irst unci found in the alluvial plains | ,round. and meadows filled with bulb- j >us plant?, and an exhuberant flora, . hbir original habitat. Only a region ] uuplying plants fed by a heavy pbos- ; >!; tte pabulum couid support creatures '' )i such enormous bone. . 1. As these several species multiplied ( >om a single pair, masses of their re- < n .iuS would most probably indicate the . >i; .oe of their origin. Whether behom^th . . as made in Eden, we know that he was v;viewed there, and there named by And the Almighty sajs, speak- ( "X of Job: ''Behold no-.v behomeih, t uic-i I made with thee; he ea'seth grass , :ke an ox; . ^ These vie^s, ir correct, are still fur- , hor strengthened by the building of the <. As the race had not been separated > >y dispersion or language, it is to be apposed that -Noah lived not very fur _ ror.i the original home of man, 1 r!';.a nf o. vacc^I 4]>of . iui>; required the s&rae conditions oi , uiiterinl acd shape now essential in iVc?I architecture. Ind-ed, the dirnenv.-ns of the ark are now those oi a first ~>i\ -s sea steamer for freight, aud &?<5 the j [ , uadard }>roportions in the Sugiish Ad- ; uwalty office. It v-as a long, norcow i y-seJ," evidert.ilj designed for speed at;* * l I- \2 voyage. Had it beeijt isade ouiy i a . t'-irt from a given yoint and lioa,t J iiiont for 150 days a-fu then ground at :o great distance from the point of ue- j ] j.r vre, it would have been shaped , :eavy and square, Tiie timbers for su&h a vessel of ( ci\gth, over 500 fees, required timber oi y watiuuous length and great strength. ; th i cypress was entirely too brittle "for j h purpose. Its knees and ribs, would j. :en:'ire such wood as the live oak. srr >wn 11 - ' ?-? j (. lear the sea, used to ? ?< rms, and of a ?r -.in runnicg every wajf, bearing equal-1; well a strain from c-wry direction. 11 ?a?ge quantities of pit"" and tar would i 1 required io~s pitching ib heavily to \ ;he within and without. The word ; >*gbpher,? means "pitch," "pint;" and it , s probable that the gopher wood wa-i 5: the lcnt'-ieaf prne. I n^eu ?ot say ] i'ir;x either of the Carolines could have i ;urz;ished lh$ raatexials in abundance. ; Th-ii the ark was built somewhat in- , i3-i;d for the convenience oi timber is ( r jbable. Yet not verj i*v, us the prinj pie weight of iis cargo was to be < 5r-?niinivorai?3 stock, and large qaanti:iv3 ci dried herbage, both c: which was . :o come from meadow lands. The breaking up of tb a deep, Arc.. at tiii, ox the deluge, would not imply ii.-ft'i'iiriiv ant vprv jv.-at clvxrwt* ir. th* conformation of tlie continents, ;or in sea currents. We must nisu r-. lO'.-sabcr that tiieJuord at the creation be.'.". In view tb-5 possibility of the flood, as well ^ 01 the "fall" and arranged accordingly. When tbe ark was lifted up. and as it is so grandly said, "went upon the oi the wutc~ " ^ started due East ii it started from near Charleston, It would presently strike the gulf stream. Floating on that sea cuvrcns it would t>.kea "Northerly direction until it reached the 40 th. paaallel, and then would go due East, and, as many a helpless craft since, would come in sight of "Spain and Africa. But those coasts being submerged, there would be nothing to de i fleet the current-, but'it would pass over : the plateaus of Spain, into the Mediter' raneart, across the lower part of Tireece, | then over the plains of Asia Minor, and, ; still holding the same parallel, strike ; Mount Ararat. The distance from i Chaaleston to Mount Ararat is 131 de1 grees of latitude, sav 8,515 milse. The ! time the ark was on the water was one hundred and fifty days,- or 3,600 hours. Off Cape Eaiteras tSe gulf stream has a velocity of two miles an hour; this would leave very little to be overcome, if we allow for'the uninterrupted flow which the current then had. It is not likely that animals would be landed in anv other than the latitude to IVIHUU. tOICV were itWUOtUJLLLCU. XUKJ would determine the direction of the ask, The pathway of the ark under this supposition had a blessing in it. Between the 30th and the 40th parallels have sprung the great philosophers, warriors, statesmen and discoverers of the race, including the Saviour, St. Paul, St. J ohn and the Churches of Asia Minor. y I shall not stress the fact -that by the / Province of God we find Methodism be- / gun at Chorleston and Savannah in the / 'Urst hvmn book ever published' by "Sir. Wesley; also in the Moravians, in Charles Wesley, and in the labors of Mr. Whitfield/ There certainly would be a fitness in starting it somewhere near the original site of Ed'en. Xow, if any one differs from this view, I am contc-nt. I do not press it. I leave that to you South Carolinians. NOTED NEGRESSES. Notorious 3Ien Enough? Now for a Few Notorious Women of Color. (From the Mail and Express.) '21r. T. Thomas Fortune is one of the ablest and best known colored men in the country. He is a man of 35 or thereabouts, with a keen, intellectual face and To quick interest in everything that concerns the future of the colored people of America. "Tell me something," Mr. Fortune "was asked a few days since, "about the women of your race who have done the most for it and lor themselves." "Colored women have hardly had opportunity to do much that is sensational," he replied. "They haven't had time. But still there are several who are prominent among their own people and who have earned a solid reputation. Take Washington, for instance. Colored women of the best class there don't take ' much to marrying. They get along better than the me i, and usrally devote themselves to tLvir work and succeed well in it. The most prominent colored rcojaen in Washington, in the best sense of the word, are the teachers?such . ir: *\ r -r> *o * r wOJitu Ji. ?>. jonggs, pruiessor of English in Howard University, a most talented woman; or Josephine J. Tropin, of the same school, who is a frequent sontributor to newspapers; or LucyMoult on, who is the "efficient principal of a big training school; or Mary Nalle or Marion Shadd?all highly cultured cvomen, respected and esteemed by ;bos^ who know them. "In Philadelphia there is the skilful rfoman physician, Dr. Caroline V. Anierscn. She is the daughter of William Still, a wealthy colored merchant and ^ne of the directors of the 'Underground Railroad,' of which he has written tiie listory. His daughter is a regular graduate cf the medical department of Soward university and enjoys a big !-.rar.fr>3 if VV*. S nm n nf_ >ther women of character and ability, rhere is Mrs. Fanny Jackson Coppin, he-lecturer, who devotes most of her ;ime to the institution for colored youth :here, sza Mrs. Gertrude Moselle," who isc-d to conduct the woman's, department on the Neve York Freeman, and .'. ho ha3 written for the New York Times md the Philadelphia Press as well as 'or papers published in the interest o? :he negro race. Mrs. Moselle is a member of the Woman's National Press Association, the only member of her race. Sirs. Frances E. Harper, the tempernice lecturer aud -writer, has lived much n Philadelphia also. <(In Boston ons of the best known colored women is a modiste, whose eye 'or effecis in fabric, form and color has nade her rich. Other colored women ifho have a wider reputation than any of ;hese are Alarie Selika, the prima donna soprano, who was born i. Natchez and shose voice is of such sweetness, purity tnd compass that musical- critics have called her second only to Pafri. Mme. Selika has taken G ersters place in the :oncert in Boston, and has sung before he crowntu heads of Europe. "Madame Nellie Brown Mitchell is mother, musician with a mechanical tuiii )i mind. She has invented and patented vvo or three appliances now in common i$e by musical instructors. Equally veil-known in another branch of the fine ltss is Edmonia Lewis, the sculptor. >iie is an Afro-Indian, and was "bom in Sew York State, but now has her studio n Borne, where she has plenty of commissions and has done some fine work. The Old Arrowmaker and his Daughter7 one of her best anown prolactins and i (."^ned in England. ' Idt*. S. Weiii?'Iola5?-whose suit for V'-iiHgcs under Mississippi laws for beng forcibly thrust out of a passenger car n Memphis by three or four white men ,-rcaght her before the public a few - ears ago. is probably the best known of ;o!ored women journalists, and Miss M. .Lambert is a poetess of genius. The viie of the Rev. Frank Grimke,. of Facksonville, Fla.. formerly a Miss Morten, ol Philadelphia, is a young wo- _ nan, but already widely known." I asked }Ir. Fortune if he knew any iolcred women who w?re reputed wealthy, but he did. not seem especially uterested in that branch of the subject, iou I respected his reticencc. It would lot be difficult, however, to pick out a icien colored, wo nt-n in the country mose property in ;he aggregate might ;e expressed, "ca nformation and beief," by seven figures. In such a list ould come -the Gloucester:;, the rich >oaruing-house keepers of Brooklyn; Miss Amanda Eubanks, of Rome, Ga., . /Lose white father Left her $40,000; Mrs. Mury A. Wilson, a wealthy Florida wor..n; Mrs. Mary Pleasants, of San [ Vincisco, who holds something more .n $3o,vj0 in Government bonds, uv.ns a ranch and has some city real :* iatc; Mrs. James Thomas, of St Louis, who is worth something like ? 100,000, and whose barber shop, the ' iiindell", is the most luxurious in the :.'Jtry, and Mrs. Catherine Blake, who o - us the Kenmors Hotel at Albany, v ieh is reputed worth ?150,000. Miss :J.r.ke, a young colored woman of Nash, >; O., has taken the prize for the best : Auction of cotton at all the State : rr and other Afro-American women doing solid industrial work. There ^re two colored women in the : iks of the law, Miss Florence Ray, of Brooklyn, and Mrs. M. ts. Cary, of Yvashington. There is at least one col..red minister, the Bev. Mrs. Freeman, Providence. There has been one .roman at the hc-ad oi a newspaper published in the interest of Afro-Americans, Miss Carrie Bragg, who for some time " liter! the Lancet, at PAtorsVmrcr Y? , o, . v.. rte ^reat railroads claim not to interfere in politics, but it is a -^ell-known fact tha; all of them have tickets in the field. -"i