The Fairfield news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1881-1900, July 13, 1887, Image 1
VOL. XLIII WINNSBORO, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JULY 13,1887. ^ NO. 50. ^
THE MISSISSIPPI COLLEGE.
! ITS ORIGIN, ITS PRESENT EOUIP3XEXT
AND ITS WORK.
|lij9!Sr An Observer's Account of Cen. S. I>. Leo's I
^ * Farmer's College?The Class-Rcom ami j
f . the i'arm. j
(From the News and Courier.)
Agricultural and Mechanical Col- |
l2ge of Mississippi, July 4.?Referring i
^ ^ to a number of notes taken in a midsummer
tour of four of the most important
Southern States, I do not know thai j
I could select a more interesting subject!
tlian the Agricultural and Mechanical,
College of Mississippi. This may be)
stated without discounting, in any wise,
b the many places, institutions and things
Bp of note along the lines of railway's which
connect Charleston with the peculiarly
* favored land in which. the institution j
named is situated.
THE COLLEGE.
To begin -with, however, the term j
l "Agricultural and Mechanical College," |
A as applied to this College, is a misnomer, j
v The mechanical department has not vet j
been provided for, but may be realized j
V at any time when the institution is so >.
far favored by the Legislature of Mississippi.
The College is, therefore, practically
an agricultural institution with its
, handmaidens of the mechanical arts in
expectancy.
Hr But whatever this institution may be it
r-+7>? ir? oa/?'q] onmvnl
iUtt& CttUOCU Qt owXj. - i |
tural and political circles ever sincc its I
establishment, seven years ago. It was
cradled in opposition, strong but not
fatal; it has traveled over a rough road
and still survives; and it has lived down
a certain class of opponents and is still I
doing battle against some formidable I
foes. As between the enemies of the
College and its friends the lines are very j
sharply drawn; and even the compara- {
tive stranger, who runs, may read.
TTTE TSST7ES STATED.
Broadly stated, the question is one of i
utility: Does it pay the taxpayer to sap-1
port the College; and, granting the ob- {
* jects of the College to be fully carried j
out, do the results ?arrant the State in !
w continuing its appropriations? ihe his-1
tory of the College up to the present j
time carries with it the solution of every {
one of these problems. Something of
this history is, therefore, essential to a
clear conception of the interesting situation.
J
Lrrs origin.
From what can be learned from the
F various published reports, the College
owes its origin to the Act of the General
Government, passed in 1862, to encourage
the establishment of industrial colleges
in the States. This Act, among
other things, provided for the "enaow
ment. support and maintenance in each
| State of at least one college where the
f leading ODjeut siutu uc, niwhjuo ciwuuL
_, ing other scientific and classical studies,
and including military tactics, to teach
such branches of learning as are related
to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in
such manner as the Legislatures of the
States may respectively prescribe in order
to promote the liberal and practical
education of the industrial classes."
Mississippi's share of the agricultural
land scrip fund amounted in 1S78 to
$227,150, which is now in the State
treasury bearing five per cent, interest.
The Mississippi Legislature in 187S
. divided this fund between Alcorn UniL
versity (for colored youths) and the
present Agricultural and Mechanical
Collegoof Mississippi, giving to each
?113,570. Subsequently the Legislature
expended $15,000 of this money in the
purchase of lands, leaving to each of the
institutions named a balance of $98,575,
which yields an annual interest at five
sfe percent, of about $4,928. The State
^ Legislature up to within the past year
or two has appropriated the sum of
$32,500 annually for the support of the
institution.
the buildings.
To enable the State to avail itself of
the Federal aid it was necessary to erect
^ tlie College buildings, and tnese were
||jx completed for occupation by the stu||E
dents and professors in 18S0. These
buildings are about a mile and a half
?1? west of Starkville, and occupy positions
^ on both sides of a branch of the ilobile
and Ohio Eailroad. The principal buildings
face the south and are iust north of
the railroad and <. n the crest of a hill, to
a **<-?17 v/\n /I *ic?
LLLtT WsCCJLLu Cild iauiuou u
. over a -well-kept la n. These buildings
are:
First, the academy, three stories in
height, of brick, and 127 feet long by 70
feet wide. The upper story consists of
six class-rooms for the use of certain
professors in teaching; the second story
consists of six rooms for the use of other
professors, and on the first floor are the
College hall or chapel and the oSices of
the president, Gen. Stephen D. Lee, and
the secretary, Prof. T. F. Watson,
k Second, the dormitory, three stories
P&- III JLieigllt, YtlblL UMULCUiti. JLO ilCK> Ck iiU-i j
of 275 feet, running east and west, and
two wings, each 1-iO feet in depth, extending
at right angles to the main
building. The first xioor contains the
library, museum, a lecture room, the
cammandant's quarters and a writing
room. On the second floor are two large
rooms, an armory and a guard room.
TTio rpmftinin<r rrvirr>K nn this finor arc
. chambers for the students. On the third
f story are about fifty rooms, used exclusively
by the students. The accommodations
of the dormitory are for from
200 to 250 students.
Third, the laboratory, 56 feet long by
38 "wide, a two story building, the upper
story of which- contains a large lecture
room, an analytical room for the stuk
dents, a private work-room for the proIk
fessor of chemistry, and apparatus rooms.
The lower story is used principally as
jy Storerooms auu muujr LLvtu. iwu.is, uscu
i/^ by Prof. A. M. Meyers, vho is also tlie
State chcmist of Mississippi,
ft The mess hall is a two story wooden
r building. On the first floor are a dining
^ hall capable of accommodating three
A hundred students, kitchen and bakery,
n On tie upper floor are two hails used by
two rival literary societies of the Coi_
lege.
There is also a hospital containing
eight rooms, which are very seluom occupied.
South of the railway is a plain
two story brick mansion, occupied by
General Lee and his family; and at various
points on the grounds are residences
x for the other professors. The other
principal buildings are a i arm-house, a
? - > ? ~ i
uauy, a uaru, su tzugmsi-uvuisv, iau luc
stablea for the stock, each of -which, is
entiSleS to some special description.
FAiaHXG AlvD HOKXICTXTUBE.
The College owns 1,762 acres of land,
which is divided into cultivated fields,
pastures, orchards and vegetable gardens,
and ornamental grounds. There
are, of the 1,762 acres, about 600 under
actual cultivation in different crops.
K These 600 acres are divided into the
farm department and the horticultural
K department, The former includes the
gfe|? - ^ ?^ - % ......
.. i " .
MBMB 1 gMWMCTWWW g-A O .-TCTCl
| cultivation of the usual plantation crops, ]
: such as corn, cotton, peas, etc. The lat-j
J t-er includes all the common vegetables
| and fruits.
| In the farm department the student is
familiarized with the planting, raising
and harvesting of the large commercial
crorw the actual care of the cattle on
the larm, the construction and use of
barns, stables, pens, and "with the practical
use of all the improved agricultural
machinery now in the Southern States.
In the farm work is included a special
course in dairy husbandry, covering the
theory of breeding stock, feeding for
milk, and of making and shipping milk,
cream and butter. This is all reduced
to practice in what is called the creamery,
for the purposes of which there are
maintained on the farm 200 head of cattle,
pure brc*d, ^rade and native. There
is also much attention paid to ensilage,
the raising and curing of hay, clover,
etc., all of which, it should be borne in
mind, is done by "the boys" themselves.
In the horticultural department there
are gardens in which okra, tomatoes,
cabbages, beans, Irish potatoes and
fruits of all kinds arc raised.
COURSE OF STUDY.
The eonrse of studv prescribed for the
students is made up of (1) biology, the
most important branches of tvhich are
fertilization and the relation of insects
and plants; (2) agriculture, including the
principles of stock-breeding and feeding,
drainage, cultivation, curing and mar
e r ji
KeilLIg VI vzvps, UlljJlVVCLUGlll Ul auil ttUU
manuring; (3) horticulture, fruit and
vegetable culture, botany, silk culture,
etc.; (4) chemistry, as applied to the
analysis of soils, plants, foods, water,
etc.; (5) English, course of reading in
prosa and poetry, logic and mental
science, with written essays monthly;
(6) mathematics, all the elementary
branches, up to analytical geometry,
calculus and civil engineering.
TEE MILITARY BRANCH.
There is also the military organization
of the College, with General Lee at the
head of the military department, and
Second Lieutenant H. C. Davis, United
btates Array, as commandant of stucler
ts. The students are all uniformed
in ccdet gray and are divided into five
companies. Practically, tlie discipline
of the College is military, and the rules
and regulations in this respect are of the
usual military institute order. All the
classes are taught company and battalion
drills, dress parade, guard duty, etc.
Tlie senior and junior classes are taught
target practice and service of the field
piece; in the junior year Upton's tactics
are taught, and in the senior and junior
year there are lectures given on the
science iuiu. art ui <ur.
The military equipment of the cadets
consists of two 3-incli field pieces, 250
rifles, cartridges, etc., all of -which is
furnished by the United States Government,
with the exception of 100 rifles
furnished by the State.
LIFE OF TEE STUDENTS.
The foregoing sketch of the work
done at the institution gives only a dry
abstract of the essential details of the
life of the student. This life is, howover,
one of great variety and activity.
"5",V?rk nrr\T?/vrr>m?vr.f /\f fVifi. ic oil
of a republic within a republic, and is
divided sharply between the military
and agricultural features. In fact 'these
features are quite distinct, and in nowise
convict with each other, the discipline
U? LL1V UliC SWLUJJLig 1U UUC
other.
When the college boj here goes out
into the field he doffs his military trappings
and puts on his old clothes, old
shoes, old hat, etc., just as his father
does on the homestead -arm in any
county in ilissisaippi. In other words
he goes out to work and he does not go
in holiday attire.
In the morning, in the class-room or
on dress parade, he is as gorgeous as you
might desire. He has a fine uniform
with plenty of brass buttons, ail of which
he wears with the self-complacency of
having paid for them by honest labor
through long and dusty in summer or
wet and dreary days in winter.
In the afternoon you may meet him at
some place, any place, on the farm and
you will not know him. He wears a
slouch hat, very honest old clothes and
a very honest old face. Maybe he is
weeding turnips or digging potatoes, or
you will meet him out on some of the
green pastures driving the cows, or if
you peep into the cow stables you see
Iiim playing the milk maid. You will
meet him at any given point over all the
broad acres of the farm, and in ninetynine
cases out of a hundred he is doing
sometning toat wm neap mm :o pay 111s
expenses at the College. And this he
does in a fashion that deserves a special
chapter.
At night, after an afternoon's work, he
goes home to study and in the morning
he appears again a* military chrysalis as
gaudy and as happy as on the day before.
CLOSE OF THE SESSION.
Just no^ the College is about to close
for the present year. The commencement
exercises for 18S7 were opened yesterday
at 11 a. m., at which time Dr.
W. 31. Greer, of Erskine College, South
Carolina, preached a sermon and again
last night at 8.30 o'clock. These exercises
are a great event in the immediate
locality, and in fact are necessarily looked
upon with great interest all over the
State, there being representative young
men here from almost every county in
Mississippi and from several other
States. The students in attendance
munoer zi t>.
Great crowds have come from the surrounding
country, and, as a consequence,
the College chapel was yesterday on both
occasions well filled. Senator George
and ex-Governor Stone are present, and
Governor Lo wery and other State officers
are expected at the commencement exercises
proper, which open this morning,
There sixteen members in the
graduating class, six of whom will de
liver aauxesses xo-morrow. iins liiuining
and this evening the sophomores
and the juniors will occupy the rostrum.
Fully nine-tenths of the "addresses to be
made are on agricultural subjects, which
is regarded as a very significant fact as
showing ihe trend of the education of
the students.
5s it Really Consumption?
Many a case supposed to be radical lung
di;-* -ise is really one of liver complaint and
indigestion, but, unless that diseased liver
ca:; !:e restored to healthy action, it will so
cl-.g.tiie lungs with corrupting mafter as
to i-nng (.n their speedy decay, and ihen
is iked we have consumption, which is
sciy> uia the iun^s. iu its worst form.
Xolhiug enn be more happily calculated to
nip this danger in the bud than is Dr.
j Pierce's "Golden-Medical Discovery." By
j druggist.
Stonewall Jackson's Granddaughter.
! Dr. Morrison, of Shelby, has just received
from his sister, Mrs. T. 0. Jackson, a letter
; in which she states that a daughter has re!
cently been born to her daughter, Mrs.
i Christian, nee Miss Julia Jackson. Mr.
11 and Mrs. Christian, who were married in
': Richmond somewhat over a year ago, are
> now living at San Diego, Cal. General
!; Stonewall Jackson had but one child, Miss
! [ Julia, and this is his first grandchild.?
s Shelby New Era.
SOME BALLOON STORIES.
THRILLING EXPERIENCES OF PROF.
KING AND THE WISES.
Tra v eiing Seventy Miles an Hour?Landing
in a Wilderness?Caught in a Snow Storm
Without a Valve Hope?Driven to Sea.
(From the Philadelphia Times.)
There are no two names better known
in the annals of of American aeronautics
than those of King and Wise. Professor
Samuel A. King is now in his sixtieth j
year. Since 1851 he has been a practical
aeronaut, making his first ascension
in the summer ox that year from the old
Zoological Garden, in Fairmount Park.
Since then he has made 2SC aerial voy
ages and a great many lesser ascensions.
His wife, who is a quiet, modest little
woman, has made a number of ascensions
with him and regards ballooning a
much safer mode of traveling than carriage
riding. She is afraid of horses,
but doesn't mind taking a jaunt through
the air a mile or so above the earth. In
one of her trips she onco had a narrow
escape. It was two years ago at Indianapolis.
After a remarkably pleasant
ascension the balloon in descending sud
denly swayed when near the earth and
caught in a dead tree. The sharp branch
ripped the balloon open causing it to
collapse, and landing the basket in which
she and her husband sat in a fork of the
tree, sixty feet from the earth. As quick
as thought Professor King braced the
basket with a rope, until he had cut the ,
balloon away, then, dropping another
rope to some farm hands, he loosened
the basket and was lowered over a limb
to the earth. Neither he nor his wife
received a scratch.
The only time he was ever hurt was in
an ascension from Augusta, Ga. When
he descended the balloon caught on a
dead pine and was torn. He attempted
to descend Dy tne drag rope, wnen me
balloon collapsed ana came down witli a
crash, badly braising, bat otherwise not
Hurting him. Some of his voyages, however,
have been exceedingly perilous.
SOME THRILLING VOYAGES.
On October 14, 1878, he went up from
Scranton, got caught in a windstorm
and came down at Oak Station, Montgomery
county, 1-40 miles from the starting
point, the whole trip consuming but
two hours. On October 15, 1SS1, he
mad his merdbrable ascension from
Chicago with Hashagen of the Signal
Service Bureau. He was up nineteen
hours, and descended in the Wisconsin
wilderness, where he and his comrade
lost their way and suffered terribly before
they again came in contact with
civilization.
One night lie was suspended between
sky and earth for 13 hours over the Maine
and Canada wilderness. His experience
that night was thrilling and remarkable.
The ascension was made at i p. m. at
Plymouth, N. H., his companion being
Luther E. Holden, of the Boston -Journal.
For six hours they hung over a
mile above the wilderness, the balloon
not losing a foot of gas or the car an
ounce of ballast. When they landed
next morning they came down at tiie
head of a new railroad which was being
constructed 250 miles below Quebec,
near the Gulf of St. Lawrence, over
which the j had spent a portion of the
night. The road was 200 miles away
from any other road or civilization.
They rode to Quebec on a buckboard,
driven by a French Canadian. Mr.
Holden always attributed their lucky
descent to an interposition of Divine J
Providence.
in an ascension ne maae m .aLuguai.,
1875, from Burlington, Iowa, lie was
caught in a thunder storm, and came
near being struck by lightning. The
expansion of the air acted on the balloon
and drove the gas from the neck on to
his head, and through the open valve
with terrific velocity. He had a thrilling
descent through the clouds, and on
reaching the earth went crashing through
trees, landing twelve miles from where
he ascended, having been driven back by
the storm. The whole trip consumed
three-quarters of an hour.
AX AERIAL BRIDAL TRIP.
On the Fourth of -July of the same
year he took a party of seven, including
two bridal couples, over Lake Erie from
Cleveland. The balloon sailed over the
lake to Buffalo, where it struck a back
current and returned, passing Cleveland,
gradually approaching the Canada shore,
which it struck at Point au Pele. It then
crossed a strip of Canada and 35 miles
of Lake St. Clair, landing 11 miles from
Port Huron at midnight, having made
430 miles in 13 hours.
On another Fourth of July he took
five newspaper men from Buffalo to
Quinton, N. J. He crossed the Alieghenies
and followed the Susquehanna
as far as Havre de Grace, took a sharp
turn and sailed due east across Delaware
into New Jersey, the whole trip taking
thirteen hours.
THE WISE FAMILY.
Professor Charles Wise, under whose
direction the "Independence" will be
sent up, is the sen of lie late Professor
John Wise, Sr., who was lost while
making an aerial voyage. He made his
first ascension thirty-seven years ago,
when but 13 years of age, at Shannandale
Springs, West Virginia. He went up
two and one-half miles and staid up
three hours, landing sixty-six miles from
the starting point, to which place he returned
in an ox cart. Four years later
he made an ascension from Newberryport,
Mass., on the occasion of a civic
celebration. The wind was blowing tonnacim
onr? nffV^r
vy tJJLVA uuu WMW . w ??ed
to pay the price of the ascension
rather than take any risks, but after cont
suiting with his father he decided to
make the ascension. After going up
.18,000 feet very rapidly and descending
still more rapidly he struck Plum Island
bar. As .'.here were no inhabitants and
no place to grapple the only alternative
was to jump out of the car. This he did,
landing safely in the sand.
The balloon, lightened of its load, shot
into the air and blew out to sea. The
nest morning it was picked up by a
whaler 600 miles away and brought into
Provincetown. The whole ascent and
descent occnpied one-half hour. -The
sailers on the whaler, when they saw the
balloon floating in the water, thovght it
was an immense blubber and harpooned
it. It immediately collapsed and was
taken onboard, theNewberryportpapers
of the previous day being found in the
car. The professor has been ever since
actively engaged as an aeronaut, and at
various times has taken up every member
of his family, having in thirty-five
years made over 300 ascensions. His son,
John, Jr., who will take up the "Inde
pendence" to-day, made Jus first ascension
at the age of 8, with his grandfather.
CAUGHT IS* A SNOW STOKi?.
One of the most notable ascensions
that has been made was made by him,
xmder the direction of his father, at
Waynesbnrg, Green county, when he
?
j was onty 14 years old. After wording a
I half day at inflating the balloon, the sup|
ply of gas gave out when the balloon
; was only half full. The balloon refused
to ascend with the boy, when his father
decided to do a thing*that has never before
or since been attempted. He cut
the lower half of the balloon off. While
he was doing this some officious spectator
cut the valve rope two feet beyond
the boy's reach, and in the midst "of a
to in cf/vrm 1-i.vpar.nlfl aprnnnnt Trent
sailing into space, and beyond the
clouds, hatless and coatless and without
a valve cord.
He was directed by his father not to
| go over two miles, but beidg unable to
reach the valve cord, he got caught in a
| heavy sno^: storm and was driven forty
miles in forty minutes. Landing where
there were no means of communication,
he was not heard from for two days.
The excitement of the citizens was so
intense that they organized a committee ;
to search for and give him a reception
when found. When he was found the
citizens filled his hat with money. He
was nearly frozen to death during the
voyage, and when he descended was covered
with icicles. Since then he has
made 250 ascensions without an accident.
TWO KE3IAKKABLE ASCEN'SIOXS.
The highest ascension ever made was
on September 5, 1862, by James Glaisher,
F. E. S. He left the earth with 1
aeronaut Goggswell at Wolverhampton, I
England, lit 1.03 p. m., and at l.o-i was ;
20,000 feet high, going np at the rate of
1,000 feet per minute. He kept on as- 1
cending until the balloon attained an
altitude of 37,000 feet. Glaisher became
utterly unconscious, but Coggswell J
climbed up the ropes and pulled the '
valve rope with his teeth. They descended
at the rate of 2,000 feet per minute
until the balloon formed a parachute,
when it came down easily, seven miles
from the starting point.
The longest and fastest balloon voyage
was made on July 1, 1859, by John
V?Tise, Sr., La Mountain and Oliver P.
Orager, of .New lork. 'i'Jiey ieit tot. ;
Louis at op. m., and landed in Jeffer- !
son county^ New York, at 2.35 p. m. the 1
next day, the distance being 1,100 miles j
as the bird flies, and 1,200 miles as the j
balloon flew. ^
MOUNTAIN" KOBBEKS. i
Their Bloody Deeds?Travelers "Who Have "
Disappeared. j
In Putnam county, Tennessee, before c
the war, for seventy-five years, a road <
within three miles of Cookevile, leaiiing 1
from Louisville, Kentucky, through c
down into Georgia and South Carolina, 1
was known as the Kentucky stock road, t
and was at that time the principal high- i
way for traders between tiie two sections. ]
Planters, slave dealers and stock men
would drive their negroes, mules, etc.,
down to the southern market, returning
with the money from their sale.
Such partices were frequently missing
very mvsteriously, no trace of them ever
being found. The road ran through a
wild, thinly settled mountain country.
The stopping places, or dwellings where
a traveler could get shelter, frequently
were thirty or forty miles apart, and as ,
recent investigations show, were kept by '
robbers and murderers of the worst de- r
sc-ription, who for years followed this j
business of wholesale robbery and murder.
About thirty years ago a man, who
is now a citizen of Cooke, found a skele- ^
ton at the entrance to a cave, licit no further
investigation was ever made until ,
a couple of years ago, and it was left for j
a stranger to make discoveries that cast
in the shade all stories of like descrip- 7
tion, where the writer finds his terrible ,
characters only in his own brain. '
A party was organized under the lead- }
ership of Mr. Ferd Kincaid to explore (
the cave where the skeleton was found (
thirty years ago. Back on the mounlain
side about one-half a mile froifi one of j
the notorious stopping places aescnc^ea, (
the entrance to the cave was formed. A ]
hole, something like a well, going j
straight down thirty-five feet, was first }
passed through, and then the cave opens i
into large caverns, with a downward ,
course under the mountain. At the bot- ;
torn of the shaft the party found human ,
bones, and with a little digging in the
debris that had accumulated at lihis
point, unearthed about sixty skeletons '
of men who have beeu murdered find ^
thrown down this hole. Some skulls <
were found with bullet holes through j
them, others being inashed with an axe
or instrument of that kind.
Old citizens now living in this vicinity
say that the keepers of these ckns would
keep track of the travelers when they
passed through with stock, and on their
return they would be almost certain to
disappear. The robbers were even so
bold they would take the clothing find
saddles and horses of their victims i;nd
use them publicly. They would gei; a .
man drunk, if possible, and. as whiskey <
was plentiful and the custom of drinking
common, it was no hard matter to do,
then in their drunken stupor kill, r :>b
and throw their bodies in the hole, s.nd
without doubt many men, as this fearful
^ic^losnrATvmvAs. never retnrned to their
homes, and anxious friends waited ?.nd
watched and wondered why they returned
not.
Not far off, bv the side of the road ,
still stands a house. The walls of one 1
room are stained and spotted with human
blood. Above, in the mountains, about
twenty miles, was still a worse place, if
possible, than this. Another case is
there, and would, if investigated, repeat
the sickening story. The people ire
much excited over +his discovery, as
many descendants of this robber gang
are still living all through Putnam count,v.
Bnt "dead men tell no tales." and
the history of these fearful crimes 'will
never be known.
Mormons at Work.
Charleston, S. C., July 6.?Serious
trouble is feared on the banks of 'ie
Savannah River near Augusta, Ga. The
Rev. David Berion and Elders Spencer
and Murray, Mormon missionaries, bive
been preaching in that locality for some
time. They have converted about irwen
Irjr ~11YC laiUiUW UI 11 l w : *' iguv^wuv
whites. The doctrine expounded is that
all who do not adopt the faith of Mormonism
and go to Utah before 1893 irill
be destroyed by lire; that no marriages
are in accordance with the laws of Crod
except those sanctioned by the Mormon
Church and that no woman can attain to
absolute perfection in the future unless
married in this life. Notice to leave the
locality has been served on the missionaries
by the more responsible citizens,
but thty have refused to comply. The
missionaries arc backed up by tlieir converts,
and declare that they will resist
/vf +V>A *A/Ytlla?AVC! f A rlnfA
Jt-Llti L1 u \jx CJU^; uu^ivAj w V%A*> v
them from the country.
Pianos and Organs.
All of the best makes. ?25 cash and
balance November 1, at spot cash prices
on a Piano. $10 cash and balance November
1, at spot cash prices on an
Organ. Delivered, freight free, at your
nearest depot. Fifteen days test trial
and freight both ways if not satisfactory.
Write for circulars,
i N. W. TRUilP,
* Columbia, S. C.
*
-r
/
THE DEADLY TORNADO.
LOSSES I>" THE UNITED STATES ESTIMATED
AT 8300,000,000.
Tornado-Centering Regions?Frequency of
Cyclores in the Mississippi Valley?1887
a Mild Tornado Tear.
The terrible destruction of life and
T\?ArkA-?^r? Vi*? o4> flllO COO CAT)
l?J KJJ tviiitiuvto &.U ?
causes much fear in several States. Recent
investigations by Lieutenant John
P. Finlay, signal service, United States
army, rc-veal to some extent the danger
in each region, which will do much to
allay unnecessary alarm in the Eastern
States. At the same time other regions
before thought to be comparatively safe
are formal to be more dansrerous than
had bet? supposed.
The ?&st striking result of the examination
of Lieutenant Finlay's map, showing
the geographical distribution of toroadoes^rom
1882 to 1886 inclusive is
that they uniformly avoid extended
mountain ranges. The Rocky Mountains
present so insurmountable a barrier
that the country lying -west of this
great range is almost entirely free from
the long, violent tornado tracts seen in
Kansas and Missouri. It is known that
^torm centers which form west of the
Rocky Mountains are imperfectly developed,
and are not persistent or violent
in their course until the Mississippi
ealley is reached- Tornadoes fonn at an
iverage distance of 453 miles southeast
Df the main storm center, as shown in
forty-one cases cited by Professor E. A.
Sazen, of the signal service. It follows
that the cold air from the foot of the
Rocky Mountains, coming in the wake
3f and eastward moving storm manifesting
unusually low barometer, causes
iharp contrasts of temperature in Kansas
ind Missouri, and these contrasts, someimee
as much as fifty degrees, result in
jreat tornado frequency in northwestern
Missouri and northern Kansas. It is
iurther shown by tlie distribution of
;omado tracts that the average of severi;y
and destruction steadily lessens as the
storm centers move eastward from the
Mississippi valley. This waning of torlado
power is gradual, but the danger
ioes not entirely cease as the Atlantic
;oast is approached. The coast lines of
;he Gulf of Mexico and of the Atlantic
)cean are nearly free from tornadoes,
because great contrasts accompanying
storm centers cannot develop, owing to
iie equalizing effect of the ocean temperature
and moisture.
IN THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY.
Ot tne total number of tornadoes reported
nearly one half occur in th3 Mis
rissippi valley, winch is tlie region 01
preatest violence. The lapse of time
nust make this even more marked, because
the records of the Eastern States
:over a much longer period, while the
lumber of tornadoes is less. The region
>f greatest frequency is along the north
md west boundary fines of Missouri, in- >
jreaaiug toward the point of intersection,
rhen comes northwestern Georgia ex;ending
into Alabama. A very solid and
jompact region of tornado development
s in southern Michigan, tending toward
he lower part of Lake Michigan. For a
iistance of about 200 miles square, this
region nearly equals that of Kansas in
frequency, though it has not more than
)ne-tenth its extent, and its average sererity
is far less. In the Eastern State?,
Jae most remarkable region next to
western New York, is in the Connecticut
river valley, which seems to be persistently
followed by tornadoes through
Connecticut and Massachusetts into New
Hampshire. The open country-here
:avors the development of a small tornalo
with a tract about a mile or half a
nile long, and from two hundred to five
aundred feet in width. "Western Conlecticut
and Massachusetts favor the
accumulation of warm air from the
southwest, which moves steadily north
ward, while Pennsylvania, Virginia and
western Delaware remain cool, this
jausing sharp contrasts of temperature,
[n southeastern Pennsylvania the bend
3f the Delaware river there is a group of
tornadoes centering near Trenton, J.
Southeast of Lakes Erie and Ontario
;here is also a lively region, which is an
jxtenwon due to the still high contrasts
af temperature common in the Mississippi
valley and southeastern Michigan.
En northeastern Mississippi there is a
tv. o->.1-^/? nvfonoinn r\f fhfi C^&nrcrifl
ind Alabama region, though not quite
equaling it in frequency.
LOSSES OF LIFE A2CD PKOPERTY.
The value of property reported to the
signal service as destroyed in 205 years
pears was about $28,000,000.. Lieutenant
Finlay estimates this to be about onefcenth
the actual value, making the total
tosses about $300,000,000.
The number of deaths reported was
3,165, and the injured 5,049.
These figures are doubtless much below
the actual damage, because tornado
in/Vin^c. tKo mo in ATllv TVlP.
transmission of news is partly obstructed,
and isolated regions escape report.
The comparison of a number of tornadoes,
with the amount of forest land by
States, according to the United States
census, indicates that these storms are
not appreciately influenced by the presence
or absence of forests. Tornadoes
are caused by the persistent movement
and accumulation of air masses on an
immense scale. Forests and other local
features of landscape have little effect.
The signai service reported. 280 tornadoes
for 1886, 136 for 1885, 200 for 1884,
161 for 1883, and from that time back to
1870 the number diminishes to 9. This
does not represent a change in the actual
number, but only indicates additional
facilities for observation, due to the
steadily increasing interest taken by the
press and people, as well as to the organization-of
a large staff of voluntary
tornado reporters in 1884, under the supervision
of Lieutenant Finlay. In 1885
the number of reporters had increased to
1,500 and in 1886 to 2,500. This large
working force sent in an immense mas3
of very valuable information, due to the
good will of the people. These reports
are used in estimating a verges which
will serve as foundations upon which the
work can and will be carriec. forward for
centuries. * By this means the danger for
given regions will be so well known that
tornado insurance premiums can be estimated
justly, and in that manner much
expenditure saved. mere is every reason
to believe that if the tornado records
were carried forward for several hundred
years an astonishing regularity would be
discovered. The statistics already show
great advance in this direction.
1887 A iULD TORNADO TEAS.
The number of tornadoes reported
from January 1 to June 11, 1887, is 123.
In 1886, for the same period, there were
216, which shows that taken yearly there
are great fluctuations. The figures so
far indicate 1888 is a very much milder
j tornado year man ie>oo. an oiuy ine
I Eastern States begin to contribute their
j proportion in addition to those still due
i in the \Yestern States , The most im
portant deductions from the signal ser- j
vicc statistics is 'diat there is no evidence
I of variation in the number of tornadoes,
: but only an apparent increase caused by
better reportorial and press facilities.
It would require a vast lapse of time
to demonstrate, the theory that the cutting
awav of forests affects the number
and deadly violence of tornadoes. They
mot- wil a -fixed characteristic
of the United States, like the geological
formation of the mountain ranges, and
the average number may be considered
as little subject to change. They seem
an inevitable result of the movement of
immense masses of air over comparatively
level plains and on the boundaries between
the temperate and torrid zones.
Tornadoes occur in India and Japan,
and parts of Europe where land surfaces
are free from extended mountain ranges.
It would be a valuable contribution to
science if tlie tornadoes tliat occur in
India and Japan were classified and recorded.
This might lead to the further
advancement of :he science of tornado
prediction in ihe United States, which at
present-awaits the action of Congress to
carry it to a high degree of perfection,
saving many lives and much valuable
property.
?I:& o
A>* OFFICIAL FISH STOKY.
^ ^ ?iroc irnio^ 1\v a
now i/iipiaiu ~j ?
Sword-Fish.
(From tlie Washington Star, July 2)
A bulletin of the United States Fish
Commission just issued gives the following
account, as described in a letter to
Professor Baird, of the killing of a man
by a sword-fish:
"The schooner Yenus is a small vessel
of about twelve tons, owned, and commanded
by Franklin D. Langsford, of
Lanesville, Mass., with a crew of three
men, engaged in the general fisheries ofi
onoct nf "\fft<ce?/?hnsetts. On Monday
morning, August 9, Captain Langsford
sailed from home in pursuit of swordfish.
About 11 o'clock in the morning,
when eight miles northeast from Halibut
Point, in Ipswich Bay, a fish was seen.
The captain, with. one man, taking a
dory, gave chase, and soon harpooned
the fish, throwing ever a buoy with a
line attached to the harpoon, alter which
the fish was left and they return to the
vessel for dinner. About an hour later
the captain, with. one man, again took
his dory and went out to secure the fish.
Picking up the buoy, Captain Langsford
took bold of the line, pulling his boat
toward the swordfish, which was quite
large and not badly wounded. The line
was taut as the boat slowly neared the
fish, which the Captain intended to lance
and thus kill it. When near the fish,
but too far away to reach it with the
lance, it quickly turned and rushed at
and under the boat, thrusting its sword
its sword up through the bottom of the
boat twenty-three inches. As the fish
turned and rushed toward the boat the
line was suddenly slacked, causing the
Captain to fall over on his back; and
wlnle he was in the act of rising the
sword came piercing b'.rough the boat
and into his body. An this time another
swordhsh was in sight near by, and the
Captain, excited and anxious to secure
both, raised himself up, not knowing
that he was wounded. Seeing the sword,
he seized it, exclaiming, 'We've got him,
an way!' He lay in the bottom of the
dory, holding :ast to the sword until his
vessel came alongside, while the Hsu, being
under the boat, could not be reaehSnnn
flip CLvnlaiii said. 'I t.MTjfc J
am liurfc, and quite badly." When the
vessel arrived he went on board, took a
few steps, and fell, never rising again.
The boat and hsh were soon hoisted on
board, when the sword was chopped oft
to free the boat, and the iish was killed
on the deck of the vessel. The fish
weighed 245 pounds after its head and
tail were cut off and the viscera removed;
when alive it weighed something over
300 pounds. Captain Langsford survived
the injury about three days, dying
on Thursday, August 12 of peritonitis.
The sword has been deposited in the
TTnitad States Xational Museum."
Fatal Celebration.
Ciiestek, Pa., July 4.?Independence
Day celebration here concluded to-night
with an extensive display of fireworks, and
during the display some person threw a
lighted firecracker in the wagon which contained
the stock of fireworks and an exnlnsion
followed, and rockets shot through
the crowd. One of them entered the mouth
of Eila Van Riper, of Upland, and one
side of her face was torn away. She will
die. Several other persons were more or
less injured.
It was recently stated that Bob Ingersoll
had resolved to keep his religious
notions to himself. It seems this was a
mistake. The Colonel is even more outspoken
than before. Speaking of this
matter the Kansas City Times aptly
says:
"Macaulay relates how all ihe good friries
came to bless Byron as lie lay asleep
one day in his cradle. One brought him
great personal beauty, one wealth, one powerful
iuleliect, one a form not excelled by
Adonis. Finally, and after all these beneficent
fairies had taken a last look at the
sleeping cherub and departed, a deformed
and malignant fairy came next and withered
one of his legs to the knee. It em.
' > i.T? V.oof,
Diuerea ins wnoic iuc, h>u uuuyt
cned the end while his years as so many
suns were yet shining upon ibe eastern hili
tops.
"A perfect paraphrase is furnished in
the literary character of Ir.gcrsoll. He says
wonderfully beautifully beautiful things.
Some of his sentences are clear cut as
cameos. Some as phosphorescent as the
sea in the tropics. Some spun gold. Some
as luminous as the west with the sun setting
iu it. Some liquidly transparent as a
waterfall leaping from a rook. Some a
s'ring of precious stones, the glint of the
diamond pervading all and dominating all;
but the good fairies finally go and the bad
one comes, and with her also comes blasphemy."
Albion, in Erie county, Pa., has a
curiosity in the shape of a elock which
stands seven feet high, operated by
chains and great weights, the dial bear*
' " ^ ?m-i.
lZlg OiU XlCXJJiiii iiyWJLUL. tuc uuuuc ;
works made of boxwood and bearings of
pure ivory. It is a pectfct time-keeper j
and upward of 100 years old.
?Louisa county, Va., is excited over
<-A\nrmA fViuf aff^av a. -u/hite hand
VllXJ iwv^ M, ,, i -u-u- _
kerchief, which had been folded four
thick and laid over the face of a dead
woman, had been removed, there were
four distinct pictures of 'ie woman,
about the size of a 25 cent piece, plainly
printed on the cloth. Spirits of camphor
had been applied to the* face before the
lace before the handkerchief was laid
on it.
?It is said that in Portland, Maine,
there is a man with a false nose, a glass
eye, but three fingers and one thumb,
one ear, false teeth, false hair and a
cork leg. For all this he is the liveliest
in.iri in Portland. He walks ten miles
*? " ? TT/% l>oc Tior3
every aay, rain or Mime, ~
three wives, and survives them all, and
lias refused five chances to get married
again, so he says, since he buried his
I last wife, about a year ago.
[ T. A. EDISON, THE WIZARD.
i
TELLING ABOUT HIS EXPERIMENTS
IN SUBMARINE SIGNALING.
The Captains of Vessels Seven Miles Apart
Can Talk "With Each Other?In Philadelphia
Buying Electrical Apparatus for
His Laboratory.
A smooth-faced, thick-set, youthful
looking man, attired in a gray suit and
accompanied by Wo handsome young
women, stepped briskly up to the desk
of the Continental Hotel office and registered
in a plain round back-hand,
"Thomas A. Edison, Orange, X. J." It
was the wizard of elecricity. The young
women were his wife and sister-in-law.
He appeared to be enjoying the best of
health, and said the stories about his
being at tiie point ot aeatn wane in
Florida-were without foundation. He
said he had come to Philadelphia to
purchase electrical apparatus for his new
laboratory at Llewellen, N. J.
TWO iHLLIOKS in expebbjexts.
The laboratory, the erection of which
has just begun, will, when finished, be
as large as the University of Pennsylvania
buildings and will be devoted entirely
to experimenting. The machinery
will be of the largest and most improved
patterns, the machine shop alone
beinsr 200 feet long. Mr. Edison, in
speaking of the cost of experimenting,
said he had expended over ?2,000,000 in
experimenting, but as it was strictly in
the line of his business he had found it
money well invested. In speaking of
his Florida trip he said he was so well
pleased with the climate that he had
erected a permanent laboratory on the
banks of the Caloosahatchie river, where
he will continue his experiments e?ery
winter. He has erected a number of
electric-light plants in several Florida
towns, but he has not devoted much
time j plants.
SIGXAT/TNG UNDER WATEB.
One of ins most interesting experiments
was in submarine signaling, by
which messages can be transmitted from
ship to ship by means of steam whistles
operated by keys in the same manner as
telegraphic instruments. All his experiments
have so far been confined to the
waters of Caloosahatchie, where he has
succeeded in conveying intelligible messages
a distance of one mile. The principle
on which he will endeavor to perfect
his experiment is the remarkable
facility afforded by water for transmitting
sound.
Divers in the ocean have heard the
swish of a steamer's wheels fifteen miles
away and Mr. Edison thinks he can
transmit his message from ship to ship a
distance of at least seven miles. What
he purposes doing after he has perfected
apparatus is to have the large ocean J
steamers equipped with tlie steam wmstles
and transmitters. Under the waterline
of each steamer will be a sounder,
connected with the captain's cabin by a
thin thransmitting wire running through
a uabe. When the captain of one vessel
v. ants to signal another he will sit down
to his key-board, turn the steam on his
whistle, manipulate the keys and send
the message out into the waves that
break against the sounder. This sound
will pass unbroken from wave to wave
with remarkable velocity until it runs up
against the sounder of some vessel or
vessels which may happen to be within
reach of the volume of sound.
As soon as the wave containing the
sound strikes the sounder on tlie Huil 01
tlie vessel or vessels within reach, the
message will run over the electrical wire
to the captain's cabin, where it will ring
an electrical belL An attendant will
then take down the message as it comes
from the water, by means of telegraphic
keys, as comfortably and correctly as
though he were sitting in one of Jay
Gould's Western Union Telegraph offices
receiving news about one of Jay Gould's
big deals.
PASSING IX AIiOXG.
After the message has been received
the captain can swing his vessel around,
and continue the message through seven
miles of water, in the same direction,
until it strikes another steamer, when
the operation may be repeated until the
v?Tao/;i+V) fhA nr.Afln has been
crossed. It will also be useful as a means
of signaling by a vessel ixl distress.
r?Ir. Edison seemed confident that his
experiments would meet with success,
bat regrets that he cannot send the message
by electricity, instead of a steamer
whistle.
Fears About YanderbtJt"? Grave.
The fate of A. T. Stewart's remains so
alarmed the friends of the late William E.
Vanderbilt that a guard is still kept posted
~k,x,h- Vic Of\C\ tnm"h ^Tichf: <inr] rl:iv ti
ft'juuiaw VVVV,VWW ? J ?
body of well-drilled, well-armed men move
a'.'out in its vicinity,011 the lookout for pillagers
or ghouls. In addition to these, a
system of signals or burglar alarms is added
which penetrate many parts of the grounds.
At stated intervals these are set off bv a man
ou his six hours' tour of duty, and the rest
rve rapidly assembles at a given point. At
night the watch is even more vigilant. At
sunset a powerful flame is lighted in the
cupola, which shines out over the humble
graveyard below and oH upon the waters.
lLto this dome one of the detectives must
go every half hour and touch another
alarm, which records the fidelity of those on
watch. Every 12 hours the chief enters the
hnildin.cr to see from the register whether
each man on duty during the night has gone
his rounds at the prescribed moment. The
cost of guarding the remains amounts to a
small fortune each year, and it cannot but
occasion some melancholy reflections in the
inan who knows that just a little distance
beyond this pompous mausoleum lie the re-1
mains of Commodore Vanderbilt himself,
j without guard or honor, so far as the eye'
! can see, except a simple stone bearing his
j name. " i
The Earnings of the Railroad'.
The Railroad Commissioners have just
issued a statement of the earnings of the
v.viroaus of the State for the month of
} [iy. The shewing is a remarkably good
o:.e.
Of the twenty-one roads included in the
^.-.tement thirteen show au increase of j
*30,593.83 and the remaining eight a de-)
Ci east of ?4,112.05, making the net in-1
crease for the month ever las; year $35, iol.TS
or <*.26 per cent.
The largest increase of any one road is
that of iiie AsheviHe and Spartunburg,
which, with on]\- 20 per cent, increase in !
; mileage, shows 79.88 per cent, increase in I
| earnings over May, 1886.
Of the railroads centering at Columbia,
the Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta
shows an increase of 3 per cent.; the South
Carolina Railway 1S.02, and the Wilmington,
Columbia and Augusta 4.35.
ilie T.OUU pusteuger cai uiu 50 iw.
i ;nontii, 1S86, were $129,819.40; for 1887,
.$130,119.41; increase, $0,299.95.
The total freight earnings for the month,
1SSG, were $20G,S84.10; for 1S87, *234, 377.44;
increase, $27,093.34.
The total tonnage for the month in
1886 was 119,275; for 1887, 157,-140; in'
crease, 38,165.
"! K>OW I AM RIGHT."
General blaster Workman Powderly'a Lectnre
on Temperance.
Goner.il Master Workman Powderly, in
the Philadelphia Journal of United Labor
publishes a "temperance lecture addressed
to the members of the Knights of Labors.
It is entitled "The Justice of My Position,"
and is a reply to unfavorable criticism made
by certain of his correspondents on lectures
delivered by him recently in Boston and
Lynn, ilass. Mr. Povrderly says:
"I know I am right. I know that in refusing
to even touch a drop of strong drink
T TT<1^/1 om r-iorVit Tr> rofnofnar tn troot
A ?* C-0 UiiU UUi AM 4V4UWU*^ WV WVUU
another to that which I do not believe to be
good for myself to drink I know that I am
right. In not allowing a rumseller to gain
admittance into the order of the Knights
of Labor I know that I am right In advising
our assemblies not to rent halls or
meeting rooms over drinking places I know
that I am right. I have done this from the
day my voice was first heard in the council - " ~
halls of our order. My position on the
question of temperance is right. I am determined
to maintain it. and" will not alter
it one jot or tittle. I know that in the organization
of which I am the head there
are many good men who drink, but they
would be better men if they did not drink.
Ten years ago I was hissed because I advised
men to let strong drink alone. They
threatened to rotten egg me. I have continued
to advise men to be temperate, and, . /.
though I have had no experience that would
qualify me to render an opinion of the
efficacy of a rotten egg as an ally of the
rum drinker, yec I would prefer to haye
my exterior decorated from summit to base S:
with the rankest kind of rotten eggs rather .
than to allow one drop of liquid villainy to
pass my lips.
"Ten years ago the cause of temperance
was not so respectable as it is to-day, because
there were not so many respectable
men and women advocating it. It lias
gained ground. It is gaining ground, and
all because men and women who believe in
it could not be brow beaten or frightened.
Take a list of the labor societies of America
and the total sum paid into the treasuries
from all sources from their organization to
the present time will not exceed $5,000,000.
The Knights of Labor is the largest and
most influential of them all, and though so
much has been said concerning the vast
amount of money that has been collected
from the members, yet the totai sum levied
and collected lor ail purposes up to me
present time will not exceed $800,000.
Xow let us turn to the other side. In New
York alone it is estimated that not less than
?25,000 a day are spent for drink, $15,000,000
in a year. If I cared more for the
praise and approbation of labor's enemies "?than
I do for the interestjof labor I would
remain silent, We are seeking to reform .
existing evils. We must first reform ourselves."
The Cotton Movement.
? 'A
From the New York Financial Chronicle's
cotton article the following figures
are gathered relative to the movement of
the staple during the past week:
The total receipts reached 3,598 bales,
against 2,364 bales last week, 3,549 bales ;
the previous week, and 4,032, bales three
weeks since; making the total receipts
since the 1st September, 1886, 5,190,412
bales, against 5,260,703 bales for the same x
period of 1885-6, showing a decrease since
September 1, 1886, of 70,261 bales. \
The exports for the week reach a total ~ jA
of 13,675 bales, of which 10,787 were to
Great Britain, 209 to France, and 2,681 .-fl
to the rest of the continent. W
TVvo +/%fal otstMa snrmlxr nf /vtf&nn. as Wl
made up by cable and telegraph, for the
week is as follows:
Total of Great Britain stock 831,000
bales, total of continental stocks 384,800?making
a total of European stocks
of 1,215,S00 bales. The total visible
supply for the world is 1,808,325 bales;
of this number 1,138,525 are American -"~T ?>1"
and 669,800 East Indian, etc. ., The
imports into continental ports
during the week were 55,000 bales.
These figures indicate a decrease in the
cotton in sight of 45,278 bales as compared
with the same date of 1886, and
a decrease of 41,960 bales as compared
with the corresponding date of 1885.
The receipts at interior towns for the
week have been 2,035 bales. Old interior
stocks decreased 2,491 bales, and
were 47,839 bales less than at tHe same
period last year.
The receipts from the plantations,
being the actual movement, not including
fTio n-cwland r<vwir>fs nnr Smithern
consumption, of cotton that reached the
market through the outports for the
week were 3,598 bales. The total receipts
since the 1st of September are
5,184,284 bales. The actual movement
from the plantations was only 3,598 4
bales, the balance being taken from the
stocks at the interior towns.
Cotton in sight June 24 was 6,312,076 |
being a decrease of cotton in sight as
compared with last year of 116,822.
The Chronicle says, in reviewing the
speculation in futures dtL^-g the week:
"The speculation in cotton for future
delivery at this market has been feverish
and unsettled in tone, -with the course of
prices somewhat erratic and irregular.
The reduced stocks have caused some
anxiety about contracts for this crop,
and August options advanced 40 points
from the recent figures?namely, from
10.66. to 11.06c., but there was no considererable
short interest to 'squeeze,'
and prices gave way the moment buying
in he active. The verv favorable
reports from the growing crop prevented
any material improvement in the more
distant options, although it is generally
admitted that the supplies will run
probably .quite low in the early fall
months, especially in Europe."
A VEKY BK?*KK.'iT\T.T: FEATCBE Of the
annual report of the Pension Bureau is
not that the volume of business was
greater than ever before, but that there
is an unexpended balance of the appropriations
for salaries and current expenses;
which has been turned back into If '
the national treasury. Heretofore the
business of the Pension Bureau lias been
so deftly arranged that not a dollar of
i he appropriation ever found its way
' - - i - ?"? -J- J3
I back to tiie place wnence it was uiawu.
I It is sufficient evidence of the generosity
of the Government toward the soldiers
j of the Union that in the year just ended,
nearly a quarter of a century after the
close of the war, there were altogether
170,879 claims for pensions considered
and ?5,194 original pensions were granted
under the liberal laws now in force.
It requires a force of nearly fifteen hundred
people to transact this business, an
average of neariy tiarteen tnonsana letters
ana documents being received and - sent
out eve.ry working day, and the
amount paid for pensions now reaching
the enormous annual total of seventyfour
millions of dollars. This sum exceeds
either the annual civil expenditures
or the ordinary military and naval
expenditures at the present time, as well
as "the total expenditures of the United
States in any year previous to the civil
war.
rTT!>z-v Cnv/lmr C*r\rtrrrmHrvr> nf fliA
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Baltimore Conference of the 3L E. Church, /
South, organized at "Winchester, Ya., :
Wednesday. One hundred and seventy
delegates reported. Rev. Dr. John S. Martin,
'"Presiding Elder of the district, welcomed
the convention; responded to by the
Rev. Dr. S. K. Cox, of St. Paul's Church,
Baltimore. j