The Fairfield news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1881-1900, June 22, 1887, Image 1
2 '
VOL. XLIII. WINNSBORO, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 22, 1887. NO, 47.
* ? -
CONFEDERATE BATTLE FLAGS. |
TTV'Kl.VK HISTOKIC IiANNKKS OKI
SOI TH CAUOLIXA'.S SOLDI KKS. '
General Drum's >Ianlv Letter to the Se<-- j
retary o 1 AVar?'The Fia;;s from the I'almetto
State?The President's Final !
i Action. |
(Special to the Xews and Couiier.;
Washington, June 15.?The sugges- j
tion of Gen. E. C. Pram that the Confederate
flags which were captured dur-'
ing the war, and have for twenty years
been stored in one of the attic rooms of j
the war department buildings, should j
-t X- i_?_ - Qfofoo fA I
De returned to me C UUbWa WV I
which they belonged has caused a great
deal of comment. The letter of Gen.
Drum to the secretary of war is itself
one of the most notable contributions to
the history of these times. It is the letter
of a brave man and a true soldier:
Gen. Drum's Letter.
Wat. Depaet3?i3xt, j j
Adjutant Genebal's Office,
Washingxox, April 30, 1887.)
Hon. William C. Endicjtt, Secretary
of War?Sir: I have the honor to state
that there are now in this ollice (stored
in one of the attic rooms of the building)
a number of Union flags captured
in action, but recovered on the fall of
the Confederacy and forwarded to the
war deoartment for safe keeping, togetli- j
er with a number of Confederate flags,
which the fortunes of war placed in our
hands during the late civil war.
While, in the past, favorable action
has altfays been taken on applications,
properly supported, for the return of
Union flags to organizations representing
survivors of the military regiments
in the service of the Government, I beg
to submit that it would be a graceful act J
to anticipate future requests of this na- j
ture, and venture to suggest the propriety
of returning all the flags (Union !
and Confederate) to the authorities of j
the respective States, iu which the regi- j
ments which bore these colors were or-1
ganized, for such final disposition as !
they may determine.
While, in all of the civilized nations !
of the Old World, trophies, taken in j
wars against foreign enemies, have been j
carefully preserved and exhibited as j
proud mementoes of the nation's milita- j
ry glories, wise and obvious reasons have |
always excepted from the rule, evidences !
of past internecine troubles which, by \
appeals t'., the arbitration of the sword, i
have disturbed the peaceful march of a
people to its destiny.
Over twenty years have elapsed since j
^ _ the termination of the late civil war.
Many of the prominent leaders, civil and
Iilitary, of the late Confederate States
" > now honored representatives of the
L' 1 *?* ? r\fV?cky? cn-.inA^t
C1UH5U Ui J-U. VUUV4 V ?
jsitions lend the aid of their talents to j
ne wise administration oi the affairs of i
ihe whole country, and the people of tiie j
several States composing the Union are i
now united treading the broader road to j
a a glorious future.
Impressed with these facts, I have the j
K. honor to submit the suggestion made in i
this letter for the careful consideration j
it will receive at your hands.
Very truly yours,
JR. C. i)BU.Ai, Adjutant General, j
'The endorsement of the secretary of
war upon this letter is as follows:
Wap. D?rAi:x3iENT, May 2C, 18S7.
The within recommendation is approved
by the President, and the Adjutant
General will prepare letters to
Governors of those States whose troops |
carried the colors and flags now in this I
department, with the offer to return j
them as herein proposed, the history of
each flag and the circumstances of its
capture or recapture to be given.
* War. C. Kndicott,
Secretary of War.
JL In accordance with the instructions
from the secretary of war, Gen. Drum
prepared thev following letter which was
sent to Governor Eichardson:
War Depabtiiest, ,
atjjtttant general's opfice,
Washts-gtcx, June 7, 1387.)
To Governor J. P. .Richardson, Columbia,
S. C.?Sir: The President of
the United States having approved the
I ^xecoiasnendation that all the flags in the
f """ custody of the war department be returned
to the authorities of the respective
States in -which the regiments which
bore them 'were organized, for such final
disposition as they may determine, I am
instructed by the honorable secretary of
war to make 7 on (in the name of the war
department) a tender of the flags now in
this office belonging to late volunteer
organizations of the State of South Carolina.
In discharging this pleasant duty I beg
you will please advise me of your wishes
in thi* matter. It is the intention, in
returning each flag, to give its history,
so far as it is possible to do so, stating
me ClTCCmSULUCCB UJ. iio a.u.u. IV
covery. I have <he honor to be, very
respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. C. DkujI, Adjutant General.
The South Carolina Flags.
Among the captured Southern banners
are twelve ilags widen were captured
by the Federal troops in battle or were
picked up after the surrender of Charleston.
Some of them are of very great
historic value and it is-hoped that they
will be carefully preserved when they
are finally turned over to the State of
the valor of whose troops they are so
precious a memorial. The following is
a brief description of these flags and of
the circumstances attending their capture:
Confederate battle flag, captured from
South Carolina regiment at the battle of
Sharpsburg, September 17, 18G2, at the
stone wail in front of the 1st brigade,
3d division, 9th army corps, by Private
Thnm?s Harp. Co. "D." $9th regiment,
^.JSew York Volunteers. Private Hare
was afterwards killed.
w Confederate battle flag, captured at
"^Slalvern Hill, near James Elver, Virginia,
July 1, 1862, by Sergt. W. J.
Whittrick, Sod Pennsylvania Volunteers,
Butterfield's brigade. This flag was
taken from a South Carolina regiment,
who piled up their dead to resist the attack
of the brigade.
Flag of the 11th South Carolina Volunteers.
Inscribed Port Koyal, Cedai
Creek, Swift Creek, Petersburg, Junt
24, Weldon Bailroad.
Flag of the IGth South Carolina Volunteers,
was captured bv Capt J. W.
" " ? *1 r-ii,
OCOIZ, v^ompaiiv JL-jius X CAIU&JJLvania
Volunteers. It was taken from
the hands of the color-bearer on the line
during the engagement of April, 1,1865,
at Five Forks, \ a.
Confederate battle flag of the 27ti
South Carolina regiment, captured bj
Private F. C. Anderson, Company "A,'
13th Massachusetts battalion.
South Carolina State riag, no history
Confederate battle Hag, captured b;
Gen. Sheridan's forces September IS
1861, from 8th South Carolina Infantry
Battle flag of Sumter Flying Artillery
captured in the battle of Appomatto;
Station, April 8,18G5, by Chief Bugle
Qkas. Shorn, 1st Virginia Veteran To]
1 untcr Cavalry, 3d brigade, 3d cavalry!
! division, Gen. Custer commanding.
Battle Hag of the Sumter Heavy Artillery,
captured in the battle of Sailor's
Creek, April G, !So5, by Sergt. George
; J. Pitman, Company C, 1st New York
| Lincoln Volunteer Cavalry, 3d brigade, i
3d division, Gen. Custer commanding, j
I Gaarison tlag, '-Secessionville," James j
j Island, S. C., defences of Charleston, j
j captured February, 1805. Presented to
: the war department by Prig. Gen. A.
Schimmelpfennig.
| Garrison Hag, "Fort Moultrie,"
Charleston harbor, captured February
18, 1S?>. Presented to the war department
by JBri^r. Gen. A. Schimmelpfennig.
Garrison flag of the Citadel of Charles- \
ton, S. C., captured February 18, 1S65. j
Presented to the war department by i
Brig. Gen. A. Schiinmelp: ennig.
The President's Action.
Washington, June 10.?The following i
letter was sent to the Secretary of War
by the President to-day in regard to the
disposition of flags captured by the
Uniou forces during the late war:
I have to-day considered with more
care than when the subject was orally
presented to me the action of your department
directing letters to be addressed
to the Governors of all the States, offering
to return, if desired, to the loyal
States of the Union the flags captured
during the war of the rebellion by the
Confederate forces and afterwards recovered
by government troops, and to
the Confederate States the flags captured
by the Union forces, all of which, for
many years, have been packed in boxes
and stored in the cellar and attic of the
War Department. I am of the opinion
that the return of the flags in the manner
thus contemplated is not authorized
by existing law, nor -ustified as an executive
act. I request, therefore, that
no further steps be taken in the matter,
except to examine and inventory these
flags and adopt proper measures for I
their preservation. Any direction as to
the final disposition of tbem should
originate with Congress.- Yours truly,
Gsoveb Cleveland.
At the request of Governor Foraker,
of Ohio, that counsel should be retained
to institute legal proceedings to enjoin
the return of the Confederate flags to the
Governors of the Southern States, Gen.
H. V. Boynion to-day selected Samuel
Sheilabarger, of Oi^'o, and George S.
Boutwell, of Massjvoi'asetts, to take
charge of the case. These gentlemen expected
to have an application for mandamus
filed in the Supreme Court of the
district at 1 o'clock this afternoon, but
were delayed by the non receipt of the
necessary telegram from Ohio. The
?- .TV/ 4 I 1 TY> Cl "f \
papers i-'uscvi .j ,
the Secretary of War was about to dis-1
pose of public property without authority
of law. The letter of the President,
however, made further action by the
attorneys unnecessary.
Gen. Fsirchild I wives.
Washington*, June lo.?At a reception i
to Gen. Fairehild, commander-in-chief j
G. A. E., in New York, last night, ten-!
dercd by the Alexander Hamilton Post, j
Fairehild delivered an impassioned i
speech uuon the proposed return to the
Southern States of the flags captured in i
the late war. He spoke under strong j
excitement, and almost his first utterance I
was:
"May God palsy the hand thit wrote j
the order, may God palsy the brain that j
conceived it, "and may God palsy the
tongue that dictated it."
In the course of his speech Fairehild
said:
"C-* 1 A i/i A 1? V>oc
"Oincu liuuuii jlovji me ?j. -i. it,, u..w
been the friend of the South, we have no
sort of hate or malice against our old
ioes anywhere and are ready to extend
then the right hand of fellowship. Not,
withstanding all this X most eraphatical|
ly assert ihat the Southern States have
| no manner of right to take from us the
i relics of the late rebellion in the shape
! of Rebel flags. What would Missouri,
j Maryland, Mississippi, South Carolina
I and other States do with the flags if they
had them? Would the Governors of
these States place them in their State
capitals as emblems to be revered and
to teach coming generations treason?
Xo loyal Governor of any State in this
Union will receive them. They will say:
'These are relics af a dead past. We are
members of the Union of States and can
not receive these emblems of treason."'
Fairchild concluded by stating that he
spoke in defence of the Southern people,
whom he felt sure would feel insulted
by having those flags thrust upon
them.
After Fail-child's address, resolutions
were adopted as follows:
"That the President of the United
States, having approved there commendation
that all battle flags in the custody
of the war department belonging to
Southern States in rebellion during the
late civil war be returned to the respective
States -svhich bore them, for such
final disposition as they may determine,
this post views with surprise the action
of the President, and records its protest
thereto; that the sacrifice of blood which
captured the emblems referred to was a
sacrifice to liberty, national union and
to God; that no sentiment of generosity
and no expression of magnanimity is involved
in the surrender of these cove *
' * > l
nants 01 national nonor; iuhl it*
miy remains to direct that the bat-tie
flags of the Union be distributed among
representatives of the so-called Confederacy
as a fitting acknowledgment of the
righteousness of the 'Lost Cause;' that
this post expresses its disapprobation of
the act of the first President of the
United States who has held the office
disassociated from memories of the war
for the Union."
Other Protests.
Protests against the proposed return
os the flags have been received from the
Governor of Wisconsin, the Governor of
Kansas, the Governor of Iowa, and from
many other prominent men at the North
and the West.
Over-Worked Women.
For "worn-out," "run-down,"debilitated
school teachers, milliners, seamstresses,
, housekeepers, and over-worked women
generally, I>r. Pierce's Favorite Prescription
is the best of all restorative tonics.
It is not a "Cure-all," but admirably ful.
fills a singleness of purpose, being a must
potent Specific for all those Chronic Weaknesses
and Diseases peculiar to women. It
is a powerful, general as well as uterine,
toiiic aud nervine, unci' imparts vigor and
' | strength to the whole system. It promptly
' j cures weakness of stomach, indigestion,
!i !)': weak back, nervous prostration,
I ciei-ilny ;:nd sleeplessness, in either sex.
j F-:.'oiile Prescription is sold by druggists
under on:- r^Uice guarantee. See wrapper
around bottb. Price $1.00 a bottle, or si.\
t bottles for $0.00.
; A large treatise on Diseases of Women,
profusely illustrated with colored plates
and numerous wood-cuts, sent lor ten cents
i in stamps. Address, World's Medical As
! sociation, 663 Main street, Buffalo, N. Y.
] A gkoup of Axakchists, numbering
. ninety men and women, has been discovr
ered at Columbus, O." A blasphemous
, secret circular issued by the group aavo.
cates arson and murder, and even th(
, killing of the wives and children of capis.
talists. The Knights of Labor in Cor
lumbus unsparingly denounce the An
archists.
WOMEN lit LING A CITY.
Am! l>oing-lt Fully as "Well as Masculine
Ortioials Could.
(>alina, Kan., Letter to Memphis Appeal.) !
I Lave just returned from a trip on the
San la Fe road, west. Syracuse, sixteen
miles from the Colorado line, was the
Mecca of my pilgrimage, becausp here,
April 4, they elected a city council of
women, and I was bent upon seeing the
town that had made this innovation, and
the women who were filling the council
chairs. I -wanted to ask the people bow
it came about and how it was working.
Tbe first of these ladies introduced to
me was Mrs. E. B. Barbour, a fair-faced,
gentle-mannered woman, with an unmistakable
air of business about her. I
found this accounted for by the fact that
she is a business woman. Her husband
J',es a large and complicated business;
the books are entirely in her charge.
Mrs. EL D. Knott is a business woman,
too. I expect much of Mrs. Knott in
the management of their Suffrage Society,
because of her experience in Iowa as
president of the Eighth District Womap
Suffrage Society. Mrs. Coggeshall says
they were very sorry to lose Mrs. ICnott
from their ranks. She is chairman of
the Syracuse aldermanic force. Mrs.
M. M. Kiggjes is a quiet little woman, a
careful and conscientious mother and
housewife. She has a way of making
up her mind for herself and standing
lirmly by her convictions. She has a
reputation among Syracuse male citizens
for being a person of excellent judgment.
Mrs. S. N. Coe is a woman of
excellent ability, with enough conservatism
to keep her enthusiasm in proper
check. No one of these women is more
anxious to do exactly rignt tnan is Mrs.
Coe. She is sister to Mrs. Lemert,
president of the Saxon Equal-Suffrage
Socicty, organized at Dodge City by
Mrs. Saxon and named for her. She
Las several such namesakes in Kansas.
Mrs. L. M. Smartwood, the fifth member,
I did not see, although 1 made an
.effort to do so. She was confined to her
home by sickness; but I am told that
she is a woman of ability and that she is
by no means behind her sisters in any
requisite for her position. My short
acquaintance with these women convinced
me that sitting in council chairs
and wrestling with questions of city
polity have had no effect to unsex them
?whatever that may be?for these were
rs womanly women as jl i?-d.\r evtu. scuu.
I looked in vain for masculine tendencies.
There was not a hint of it in dress
or manner. Meeting tiiem on the street
or in the cars, you would never guess
that they were city officials. From conversation
with them I learned that they
were exceedingly anxious to make their
administration a just one?one that
would advance the best interests of the
city; and when they spoke of advancing
the interests of their city they betrayed
the fact that they had in mind the city's
moral as well as temporal prosperity.
It is said of them that they are doing
better work than the body of men who
composed the previous council. Their
townspeople say they were elected because
"somebody proposed it and eveiybody
was pleased with the idea;" because
"it was believed that they would j
make excellent officers;" because "the
fnmwaxirsffo "n?>An!a f/hrvrich t women !
wouldn't be afraid to enforce the prohibitory
lav?;" because "we wanted to
advertise oar town"?iuis last irom a
m<. mber of a real estate firm; "because
women would take time to do the work
well and thoughtfully." Altogether, I
was pleased with my first sight of a
woma i council. This is the only one in
the United States.
A DECIDED MONSTROSITY.
A Very Strange living Keccntly Horn in
the Old North State.
A dispatch from Asheville to the
Knoxviite Tribune says: Conspicuous
among the freaks of nature in this section
of the State, is that one just reported
from the little town of Coopers,
eight miles east of the city on the Western
North Carolina Railroad. Information
this moinine reached here that at
this place, on jesterday, a child with
two heads had been born. Finding the
physician, Dr. B. I. Wilson, who attended
the mother, he confirmed the
report and gave a fall description of the
freak.
! The child with two heads, the faces
i being opposite. The front face is per|
fectly white, the one at the bat k is not
i regular. There is only one neck for the
j skulls and the hair on the forehead
j comes down to the eyes. The ar-^s of
this being are covered with a heavy and
shaggy growth of hair, entirely to the
wrists.
A number of people to-day went from
the city to see this monstrosity, and were
astonished at its remarkable peculiarities.
Bath and Havey Lythe, two
reputable and hard working colored
people, are the parents of this strange
being. They live in an humble cabin
close by the Swarre river in the suburbs
of the village.
The child is an unusually large one,
weighing about sixteen pounds, and apparently
two feet long. It is amost
white and has facial features that are
rather pleasing, when the shaggy forehead
and rear head are concealed. Its
voice is not that of the human young,
suggestive of the lower animals in its
strange unnatural cries. It has not
taken nourishment from its mother's
breast, but greedily swallows what is
otherwise given it. The mother appear
attached to this strange creature and
refers to it most endearing terms.
2s umbers of our citizens from the surrounding
country have to-day visited the
cabin, and gone away in wonder. Al
ready tlie adaptability oi tne irean. 10 we
demands of the museum has been freely
discussed and it is said that business
oilers have been made and declined.
Lamar us Judge.
A Mississippian said recently to a party
of gentlemen in Washington:
i Secretary Lamar could never do for
judge. Why, do you know -what happened
to him on a street car the other
day? He came into the car with a
French novel under his arm, jammed
himself down in a corner, ran his hand
into his pocket, pulled out a fifty cent
piece ami put it into the box. It was a
"bob tail" car, where passengers pay
their own own .tare. Then he poked his
nose into his book and began to read.
A lady on the opposite side who had
seen his mistake, caiied his attention to
! it, saying: "ilr. Lamar, you put fifty
cents in the box.*' What iie did was the
funniest thing I ever heard of. He
inf.n tIia l>r>Y a minute absent
j miadedly, thrust his hand again into his
; pocket and pulled out a nickel which he
also dropped into the box, as he said:
"I made a mistake! Oh, thank you,
thank you. Guess this will make it aU
, right."
. Land ComnssioxEK Starss says thai
about 25,000,000 acres of land will be
i taken from railroad corporations thai
are not entitled to them, and will b(
. thrown open to settlement. This is on<
. of the good results of Democratic ad'
ministration.
THE VALUE OF THE OATS CROP.!
FACTS AND FIGURES JDRAWX FK(JOI
ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. f ;
How the Grain Flourishes in Diirtytent
Sections, and How it is 71.idea Profitable
Crop.
(From the St. Paul, Minn., Farmer.)
From the results of the analyses.of
1G0 samples of American oats collected
from all parts of the country, the Department
of Agriculture at Washington*
has" rendered a service much needed.
The results prove much variation of the
oat grain in its plumpness and relative
proportion of the kernel and the husk
and other physical qualities. The kernel
is found to be in proportion of 7 to 3 of
the husk?the samples from Western
States contain least husk.
Where the white cats will grow they
are generally heavier, and have a larger
proportion of kernel in consequence.
Connecticut oats weigh 29.3 lbs. per
bushel, Dakota 1S.G lbs. and Colorado
IS. 8 lbs. The average of sorts being
37.2 per bushel. . The Pacific slope 43.2
lbs; Northern States 3S; Southern 31.5,
which is 2.7 lbs. lower than the average
is ior me wnuie uuuutxjf uwjujljj h->
looser liusk.
Oats from Washington Territory gave
7G.1 per cent, average of kernel. One
sample gave 70.?8 per cent., and one
sample from Dakota 55.37; but the
amount of meal from the best varieties
does not exceed 50 per cent, of the oat.
The warmer temperature of the South
lowers the average weight, and the average
yield is relatively about 10 bushels
per acre in the South against 30 for the
North. This is an item of value very
necessarily to the farmers' interest, and
should be taken seriously into consideration.
The relative quality of oats is a money
value, affecting the miller as well as the
fanner. Of the 179 samples analyzed,
18 samples from the Pacific slupe were
lower in albuminoids, and richer in fiber
(husk) than the average for the whole
country.
The average composition oi oats was
found to be:
In the kernel. In the husk
Per ccnt. Per cent.
Carbohydrates 07.09
Albuminoids 14.31 2.48
Fiber (skin of grain) 1.38 *17.88
Oil 8.14 +Not Estimated
Ash 2.15 5.59
Water, 6.93 5.22
-Fiber of husk.
fOnly 1 to 1* per cent, in the husk of
English oats.
As the husk and kernel are given to
stock it was considered desirable to examine
the husk to see if any variation
existed in different localities; the results
proved that the hulls from Western territories
contained less Albuminoids than j
from other localities. But as a wholeJ
the oats showed more albuminoids and" j
oil than other cereals. Ohio samples
were the highest.ia_albnmiaoidg, ^
Texas samples the highest in oil, yielding
us much as 11.20 per cent, and compare
favorably with Scotch and best
English oats.
By extensive selection and introduction
of heavy oats from Sweden, Norway,
Poland and Scotland, and distributed
extensively by the Department
of Agriculture, the quality has been
greatly improved, and the last five years
the acreage under crop very considerably
increased in consequence, so that
oatmeal now figures in the exports of
grain to Europe. As corn is too heating
m summer for horses, there is a greater
demand for oats, as the more wholesome
and nutritious ration for horses. The
total area under crop for last five years
a-ns lS.fi28.029 acres, against 11,076,822
acres (annually) in the previous ten
years. With the improved milling and
bruising process of oats by rollers, recently
introduced, and sold now in
America as "rolled" or flattened oats, it
is reasonable to conclude that we shall
soon see the increased demand as an
article of diet and drink or beverage for
the table much more appreciated, owing
to the more nutritive quality than the
corn preparations as articles of food,
many of which are only "corn starches"
and lack the nutritive albuminoids?
flesh, blood, bone and brain forming
elements of nutrition. There is a natural
dislike by the cooks to stand over a
fire stirring tlie "oatmeal grits," which
have to be boiled and stirred for a long
time to keep it from burning and to get
softened, as the hard skin prevents the
hot water dissolving out the starch and
gluten. The rolled or flaked oats is
easily cooked and easily digested by the j
- * -1--1 -j j 1
most delicate man, woman or cunu, imu
is uothing more or less than pure oatmeal,
which is growing more and more
into favor. It only requires to be better
known to be more popular as the
most desirable food for child, invalid or
robust man or woman. Finer meal is
made, which can be used in making
puddings, cakes, thickening soups,,
broths, or suet and bread dumplings, of
higher nutritive quality than any other
meal or wheat flour manufactured. It
is a specialty likely to expand and grow
into an article of food of vast uses for
export. When treated by the new
process of milling, the kiln drying does
not yield the same Scotch oatmeal-like
odor and taste as Scotch and English
oatmeal samples, but it the more easily
replaces other Hour or meal in cooking,
and making sundry articies of food in
which the high kiln dried and roughly
ground oatmeal cannot be used. The
nutritive properties, however, are the
same, and more palatable to many invalids
or children.
Following up the subject comparatively
with the numerous and complete
analysis of English and Scotch oats, under
the direction of the late Prof. J. F.
W. Johnson, the eminent agricultural
chemist and geologist; by Prof. J. P.
Norton, of Yale College, laboratory of
the Highland Society of Scotland, in
?the most elaborate and important
investigations on recovd, either before
or bince, deserve special notice?which
occupied eighteen months of constant
labor. Pre lessor Norton found samples
of Hope-town oats dried at 212 degrees
Fahr. to yield the following results:
Per cent.
Starch 65.24
' Sugar 451
- Gum 2.10
Oil *5.44
: Casien 15.86
Albumen 0.46
L Gluten 2.4/
Epidermis 1.18
Alkalies 2.84:
Total 100.00
^ Protein compounds 14.00
* Nitrogen 2.19
5 *The oil is of a beautiful pale yellow
' color; its smell may be perceived on
heating oatmeal cakes. Seven per cent.
rnay.be taken as the average?about as i
much oil as is found in corn.
American samples seem tenacious and
bard, and therefore it is necessary that
oatmeal grits or groats should be ground
into meal and not into grits. In like
mahzter oats for horses should be bruised
in order to get them thoroughly digested;
ii.is the common practice in England^
.and found to be far more economical
in feeding horses on oats. It is
noteworthy that the Hopetovn variety
grown ix^forthumberknd, was remarkable
for weight, which was grown on
a sfluVlv soil suffered from drought and I
yieldecLonly three quarters per acre.
The btner samples, grown on deep, rich
vegetable loam mould, produced eight
quarters per acre, and less ash. As the
oat grain constitutes three-fourths of the
weight, it will carry off 45 pounds of j
phosphoric acid per acre, and GO bushels
pel acre carry oft 300 pounds of bones
per acre.
In-Conclusion, Professor Norton sums
up Ms 18 months' arduous labor thus:
"Wu-pee-tfiat even including the 'husk,'
the oit is superior to any other corn in
the ingredients which go directly to the
production of muscle in the body. The
strong muscular forms of the Scottish
ploughmen have long been living witnesses
to the good properties of their
favorite and almost only food; and, now
that it has been shown what those properties
really were, I feel sure that Dr.
Johnson's definition of 'oafs:' Food for
man in Scotland, and for horses in
England, will be remembered only for
its good and appropriate answer: And
where will you find such men and such
horses?
We may add, and where in America
wilCyou find any man like Professor
iNowon at His own expense ana time aevote
18 months' labor in investigating
witit others such important practical research
into industries of world vide importance
and interest?
The importance of the subject in the
growth of the oat, and comparative
analysis of the st raw at different stages,
in like manner Professor Norton conducted
his investigation, deserves more
notice and investigation of samples in
every State of America by the Washington
board of agriculture, -which the
chemists there seem to have left undone,
and their investigations consequently incomplete.
Surely this will be soon investigated
and published.
T.iE "WIDOW OF J 1CKETT.
Heroism of a Soldier's Bride?A Perfect
and fearless Kider and a Brave Woman.
(From the Baltimore American.)
The recent recovery in Washington
from a severe illness of the widow
of the late General George E.
Pickett recalls one of the most interesting
stories that come back to us from
A"U^v T4-f r-.Vki "ivi ic Vt/vr rtavA
tiiC Wfti XtC AJJLIWVQU XkJ JUV* v*v I v
tion to her husband in all the hours of
his hardship and danger. Privation,
sickness or suffering of any kind only
served to bring out more beautifully her
heroic and womanly nature. Daring
the closing year of the war she followed
him to the battle fields, lived under can- j
vas, and went through camp life like |
a soldier, being repeatedly under lire i
a^i making narrow ? japes, yet still remaining
faithfully by his side.. When
shf married him she was but fifteen
a^e; beautiful in facs and. foncv
giftiP.a fn n-r?/f in, licr ixar
ture.
She was, too, a perfect and fearless
rider. When the war was over an effort
was made to take from General Pickett
the privileges given him by the GrantLee
cartel, and they went to Canada.
TliPrfi thftv had no friends, no money
and no prospect of either, with a youug
child to care for. But her brave nature
never faltered. "With that indomitable
courage "which never deserted her, and
aided by her superior education, she
obtained a professorship in belies lettres
and took care of the family untii General
Grant insisted that the cartel should be
kept, and they at once returned to their
home. General Grant then tendered
General Pickett the position of Marshal
of Virginia, but he accepted a position
in an insurance company with a handsome
salary attached. Though all then
seemed bright, the worst sorrow was yet
to come. In a few years General Pickett
died and she was left to her own resources.
It was then that her helpless
condition aroused the South and a subscription
was started for her, headed
with $8,000 by the State. She firmly
declined to receive this upon hearing of
it, and shortly afterward secured a small
government position, sufficient to support
herself and family. Among her
friends and visitors are some of the leading
society and official people, whom she
occasionally entertains in a mcdest but
dignified way.
The Cotton Movement.
Tiie New York Financial Chronicle, in
its weekly cotton review, says that for
the week ending Friday evening, the 10th
instant, the total receipts have reached
4,032 bales, against 7,599 bales last week,
9,765 bales the previous week, and 10,626
bales three weeks since; making the
total receipts since the 1st of September,
18S6, 5,179,919 bales, against 5,207,94'J
bales for the same penqd of 1885-6,
showing a decrease since September 1,
1886, of 28,030 bales.
The exports for the week ending the
same time reach a total of 5,588 bales,
- i- --1- A orn
01 W0JUX1 4,00J vvcxc t-'J ui??i uui,
to France, and 2,729 to the rest of the
continent.
The total sales for forward delivery for
the week are 700,500 bales. For immediate
delivery the total sales foot up
8,612 bales, including 7,017 for export,
1,595 for consumption. .
The imports into continental ports,
for the same period have been 34,000
bales.
There was a decrease in the cotton
in sight, Friday night, oi 46,311 bales
as compared with the same date of
1886, a decrease of 21,025 bales as com
- ** *1- _ r
pared with, the corresponding aate ui
1885, and a decrease of 273,389 bales as
compared -with 1884, "
Old interior stocks have decreased
during the -week 1,587 bales, and were
Friday night 70,471 bales less than at the
same period last year. The receipts at
the same towns have been 4,387 bales
less than .'for the same week last year,
and since September 1 the receipts at all
the towns are 03,104 bales less than for
the same time in 1885-6.
The total receipts from the plantations
since September 1, 1886, were 5,183,518
bales, in 1885 6 were 5,311,006 bales, and
in 1884-5 were 4,740,493 bales. Although
the receipts at the outports the past
week were 4,032 bales, the actual move
' ? 1 O.-.Q
ment irom plantations wws vi??j JL,UC/V
bales, the balance being taken from the
stocks at the interior towns. Last year
the receipts from the plantations for the
same week were 1,839 bales,' and for
1885 they were 489 bales.
A wife slyly attached a pedometer to he.husband's
coat when, he went out- after tea,
"just to balance his books." The little
meter told of 15 miles on hif. return. It it
a Ion? walk around a billiard table for so
many hours.
Use Dr. Pierce's "Pellets" for constipa
tion.
A PLAGUE <?r SNAILS.
They Are Kating Every Growing Thing; in
Center County, Peunsyi anin.
(From liarrisburg special to New York Sun.;
The entire lower portion of Center
county, Pennsylvania, is at present
plagued by a most extraordinary visitation
of snails or garden slugs. Tliey
come from their Gliding places in crevices
nniler board walks, stones, etc., only at
night, and they cover the roads and
walks by the million. In Penn's valley
and Bloomfieid and the surrounding
country they have eaten every growing
thing in their path. Some gardens have
been entirely destroyed. A letter from
Penn's valley says that mornings after
warm nights walks and roads are literally
covered with the slum these insects
leave in their trails and by bushels ot
dead -snails that have been crushed by
pedestrians and wagons. Lime, paris
green, salt and other insect destroyers
have been scattered liberally where the
snails travel and ieed, but they have had
no effect on them. The singular part
of this plague is that no insects of the
kind were ever known to be in the conntry
before. Where they came from or
what influences have brought them there
so suddenly and in such immense num1
* 1 "U~
oers is a mystery no vuc oias uccu iiu?c
to solve.
V Noble Federal ScIJipr.
Among tlie orations delivered on the
Federal Decoration Day, that of General
Si. G. Griffin, at Hadley, Mass., will cause
pleasure at the South.
General Griffin was one of New Hampshire's
soldiers in the war between the
States. TT was afterwards a Republican
membei J'ingress. The subject of his
oration was "The South of To-Day." The
Bosiod Herald reported his speech in full.,
and from that journal the following condensation
is taken:
"Within the last ten years, Gen. Griffin
said, we are told that 12,00'J miles of railroad
have been built in the South, and
more than ?.">00,000,000 has been expended
on railroads in the Southern States. The
assessed valuation of prop- rty has increased
during that time about ?l,o0u,000. There
is $200,000,000more capital invested in the
South in cattle alone than there was ten
? -'Ho
JCi'ifS I liU iiiiJio iia.* ^ uvuv;cu
in number and in capacity in the last four
years, ami cottoa oil mills have nearly
quadrupled in the same time. The nation
is familiar with the great increase of iron
production in the South, and knows that
she has the largest deposits of coal and
iron in the world. The iron mines of
Northern Alabama. General G"i!:iu said,
which ten y-v.rs ago might have ! oen
bought tor $50,00 ), to c!ay could not be
bought for $5(1.000.000. The city of Birmingham,
t>i w,,h i: ;-lteut;I \>a has often
been directed, h.:? grownup in that time.
To show how the iron interest of the South
is increasing, it is stated that from IbiO to
1-iS-i Virginia, Alabama and Tennessee increased
the product of pig iron 200,000
tons, wh.'ic in ail the rest <;f the Union the
product decreased 0,000 pounds."
Gen. Griliin h;ti made tiequeiu visits to
tin: South and is familiar with business
operativesia this-ection. lie hears testimony
to :he cordial good v. hi of this section
for the North, C;:?>ideriug the fact
that Ger. Griliin was an officer in the
Northern army daring the war and since a
Republican member of Congress, his statement
ou?fht to be convincing. /
The Savannah _Yt as thiuks that it is
>;ych f>fla-?*5ss us ii#ot.Gen, Grifac-tiudC
umke att StK-tion? or tne coann^'-igaHT-tTae:'
The people of the South are in the Union
and they mean to *tay there. All they ask
is that their protestation of loyally to the
government shall be accepted in good faith.
a View.
The New Yobk Herald's financial
article in a recent issue takes a hopeful
view of matters, aud says that just now
the prospect is especially cheering, since I
the recent rainfalls have done incalculable
benefit in regions that had been suffering
from drouth. The financial and
industrial indications have likewise improved.
The iron trade is better; higher
prices are bid for steel; the demand for
woolen goods has improved; many thousands
of striking workmen have returned
to their labors; Europe, fearing lest her
own crops be late, is buying our breado+vi-pfo
at tnliovml sterlincr ex
OUliiAO UV j. , -W
change is very uracil lower: immigrants
in vast numbers are passing through
Castle Garden on their way to develop
new territory in the Wist; bank exchange.,,
:akiug the country as a whole,
are very large; and the temper of the
people generally is cheerful, and indicative
of confidence in the future.
The Pacific Railroad Commission
has received from the Commissioner of
the General Land Office a report showing
in tabular form the quantities of
land granted to the several Pacific Railroads
and patented by them. This state,
ment shows that the Central Pacific
Railroad had a grant of nearly S, 000,000
acre?, of which it has received patents
for 1,040,210 acrt-s, and has vet to select
6,-113,712 aerej. The Uui-.>n Pacific was
granted 11,309,844 acres, and has vet to
3 1.17 !".>n Xfrf* Ti.fi Pa
ciiic had an original grant of 6,000,000
acres, of which but 1,788,252 acres have
been selected. The r: maining roads of
the Central branch of the Union Pacific,
the Western Pacific and the Sioux City
Pacii'c have made selections amounting
to upwards of 71.3,000 acres for nearly ;
i ail o? which patents have been received.
A >-js\v musical prodigy of Paris, the
j child Hoffman, continues to excite the
greatest enthusiasm wherever he appears.
Without considering him as a modem
Mozart, he has certainly wonderful execution,
facility, memory, and a remarkable
talent for improvisation. He listens
attentively to a _ melody which he
hears for the first time and immediately,
without a moment's hesitation or study,
he carries that original theme through a
dozen or more variations, never losing
it, and never giving it more embellishment
than its rhythm and musical idea
can support. Hoihian comes from Vienna,
and is said to be only nine years.
Gexekal E. P. Alexander, a wellposted
man in railroad matters, thinks it
very doubtful whether the Inter-State
Commission will suspend- the fourth
clause of the Act after the 5th July. He
thinks that instead of f rigid enforcement
of the long and short haul clause,
the line ought to be drawn somewhere,
and he indicates the rule which he prefers
as follows: "No rates below cost;
free competition above cost."
The following is from the Springfield
Kepubiican:
" 'If any Southern man dares to raise
the American flag, shoot him on the
spot!' This is one of a series of new
i.?l,V>n nooz-l in tin* .Tr>Tin Sllfil'
wiitciinuiuo cu iwvu i-j- ~
mail campaign."
The Pee Dee Index thinks that "it
will be difficult to find any one to replace
Dr. McBiyde. If possible the
State of South Carolina should keep him
at the head of her famous college. The
man who succeeds him must come with
a reputation already made. Xo experimental
man at this juncture should be
tried."
WAS HE A MAX OF DESTINY?
Au Iowa Soldier Whose Wounds Frightened
a Railroad Out of a Lawsuit.
One of the most remarkable railroad
damage cases on record is thai of 1). H.
IVlcKiuley of Osa<re. Iowa, against the :
Northwestern. McKinley was a ha^e {
mau, powerful and athletic. One day, I
vf>:irs :\<ro. whnn it was onstnm.-irv to !
reserve's, car in each passenger train
for ladies and their escorts, he left his
sachel in a seat at Harvard, 111., and
returned to the platform to bid his
friends good-by. Upon attempting to
re-enter the car the brakeman stopped
him with the query: "Ladv in the car,
sir?"
"No, but I have a grip."
Can't let you in; it's against the
rules."
Drat the rules!" and with that McKmley
forced his way through the door.
Just as he passed, the brakeman hit
him a terrilic blow on the left shoulder,
fracturing the bone in three pianos.
McKinloy turned, picked the brakeman
up with the right hand, dashed him to
the floor, and nearly tramped the lungs
out of him. Then he stepped into the
first law office he came to and began
suit for $25,000. The railroad attorney
to whom the defense was committed
had some difficulty in looking up McKinley's
record, until quite accidentally
one dav he met an old Iowa friend who
was well acquainted with the defendant
"Why, Mc-Kinley," said the Iowa
man, "was one of the bravest, and at
tiie sainc time one of the most unfortunate,
of soldiers. If he hadn't the constitution
of a cat he'd have been dead
years ago; and if his wounds hadn't
kept him in the hospital so long he
would have graduated from the rebellion
a brigadier instead of a captain,
lie was a marvelous lighter. McKinley
started out a private with the 8th Iowa
i 1 1861. He led a charge at Blue Mills,
Missouri, and was shot through both
h;gs. lie was promoted to a lieutenancy
for gallantry, and upon leaving the
hospital in July, 1862, was assigned to
tiie 24th Iowa infantry, then forming.
His next setback was down in the Vicksbarg
campaign. At Champion Hill a
shell. exploded over him, one piece
crashing through his face, near the
right nostril, and lodging in his throat,
another imbedding itsell m his bram.
Inserting a finger, he coolly picked the
piece out of his throat and then coii-.psed.
it took months aud months to
restore him. The iron never -was taken
out of his brain, and eventually a ruu
i. t)g sore came in the roof of his mouth. 1
Ha rejoined us in November, 1863, at
New Iberia, in southwestern Louisiana. 1
The day he returned to duty his company
happened to bo stationed near the 1
drum corps in dress parade. At the :
first beat on the drums an unearthly
veil escaped him and he'.fell to the
irround almost dead from nervous prestation.
He was returned to the hospi- 1
tal. Again he set oat-ir.'the spring of |
Ifc-64 to join his command, which was
following the unforrumite Banks through 1
!he Red river campaign. The steamer
c nveyiir2r?h;:.. np the river was attacked
above-Ai^fadria and r'uldled. He
but he had to go back to
' saw MeRi nlev again until
:}ment got around in yirginin,
He returned to us~1n the Sheridan campaign.
By this time the boys had all
. ome to regard him as a 'hoodoo,? and
the first word that passed along the line
was: 'Mi-KinleyTS back; look out for a
fi^ht* The battle of Fisher Hill followed,
but he went through it valiantly
without sustaining so much as a scratch.
Theu we thought that perhaps he had
struck the limit and his luck had changed,
The nigot following we were pursnin<r
the enemy down the turnpike.
Everybody supposed there was a cavalry
deploy ahead, and we were marching
listlessly, waiting for the echoes of an
engagement. As we were plodding up
a defile a volley of artillery and enough
musketry to keep it respectable comiwnv
struck us sanare from the front
The confederates were intrenched at
the summit of the knoll which the pike
crossed. Every one fell flat and crawled
out the best wav ne could. The
rebels were afteward dislodged, and retreated
with our corps in pursuit.
Among the killed and wounded Mcivinley
was found, shot through the hip
twice and his thigh bone broken. I was
left with another drummer to take care
of him until morning. He wns placed
with twelve other wounded men in a
cabin at Edinburgh. About midnight
:\Iosby, prowling in our rear, raided the
town." Myself and chum crawled under
the cabin. The guerrillas walked up.to
;he door and iired a voliey into the dying
men. Eight of them were killed.
At least a dozen holes were shot through
McKiu ley's eot ana covering, our lie
had received his last wound ot the war,
to the close of which he was confined in
the hospital.
"The next time I heard of McKinley
was at Cedar Rapid? in 1867. It was
during the state fair. One morning, in
I scanning a local newspaper, I read that
he was there representing the Beloit
Roofing-Paper company. He was superintending
the unloading of a car full of
the paper, for exhibition, when a careless
running switch threw a car against
the one in which lie was working.
! knocking him down and breaking a
' l\vo Winters auerwaru uis ieaiu
' ran away with him at Osage and he
j had three ribs broken in the wreck."
"Any further casualties that you know
of?" asked the attorney.
I understand that he met with two
serious accidents when a young man,
but I am not familiar with the details,"
"W-e-1-1, I guess we don't want any
! lawsuit with him, if he d-d whip the
brakeman."
McKinley was paid $20,000.?Chicago
News.
Tired Out.
When natural gas was first made use
of in Pittsburg for fuel the agent of
company wanted an old Dutchman to
become a customer.
"I tell you aboudt dot," repiied the
old man, as he felt of the back of hi.I
head, "it vhas all right if nature makes
! dot gas for nothings, but I liaf discovered
dot when somebody vhorks for
nothings he gets tired oudt by and b_v
and go; 5 on a strike that makes your
aead sir-vim."
Someoi the natural gas wells are
nov; 0:1 a strike which will probably
i-.avc no ? IShtu.l X<;.
J A Louis clergyman pr-jackou his'
o;i:?;i.iy night against liie ballet i:i
opera. He probably thinks, and rightly
too, tliat old ladies should bo at home
iu the evening.?Sew Ilacc.i News.
While a man was goins: to bed in St.
Louis lately, a small hand. wearing or.
one linger a ring, suddenly appeared,
raised the chimney from the lighted
lamp to a height of six inchcs or more,
moved it toward the astonished observer
a short distance and then dropped it to
the floor. The man has the broken
! chimney in proof of the truth of the
story.
A STUPENDOUS STEAL
TiiE KOIJBEKV OF JAKJE SHARP AND
TIIK NEW VOKK ALDEBMEX.
The Theft Was Not Less Than ?10,000,000
in Gross?Gotham's Great Susceptibility
to the Offers of Bribers.
(From the New York World )
It is very well understood now that it
cost Mr. Jacob Sharp very near to $60,000
to get iiis Broadway franchise from
the Board of Aldermen. This does not
include his "attorneys' fees" nor expenses
at Albany in securing the passage
of the General Railroad act, which made
his Broadway franchise possible. It is
very well understood by those familiar
with the facts that the total cost to Mr.
Mr. Sharp was in the neighborhood of
$1,300,000. p
What a costly franchise it would have
been, then, had he bought it at an
honest sale! He risked SI,300,000 of
bribe money, the chances of a legal 'for
feitnre afterwards and of the criminal
prosecution?that has in fact come to '
him?in the dishonest purchase rather
than to attempt to buy the franchise at
it? real value.
The twenty-two members of the Board
of 1S84, Heading Clerk Maloney and
General Manipulator Keenan pocketed
$600,000 and sold the franchise at an
annual rental of ?40,000. They at first
gave it for nothing in excess of the 3 per
cent, on gross receipts required by the
law, but when the World, Mayor Edson
and the general public raised such a row
about their ears, they had another meeting
and agreed to demand of Sharp an
annual payment of 4 per cent, on
$1,000,0110?or $40,000.
J L JJ5 ci CUI1U LLC ujjlchu mm IJ uvuoov
but misguided people say about Sharp
and the Board of '84 that we would not
have had a railroad on Broadway at all
if the franchise had not been given then,
and that the briber and bribed were
not, therefore, so guilty, after alL Let*
as see:
The City of New York is getting from
the Broadway Surface Railroad Company
for what is probably, considering the
length of the road, the most valuable
railroad franchise ever granted by a
municipality to a corporation, the sum
of 37j,S49.94 a year. This sum is made '
up of $40,000 a year rent and 3 per cent,
of the gross earnings, which, on ?1,061,665.80,
the gross earnings for the year
ended September 30, 1886, gave ?31,840.94.
In the course of the Cleary trial, Mr.
^ t - r%
?j. xiei'.ry juacomoe, ^uuiitsci w ujlc
(joration, since appointed by President
Cleveland a Judge of the United Stttes
Circuit Court, was on the -witness st'inh
This was on March 21, and during his
cross-examination he was asked by Mr. Ira
S hater the following question concerning
the araount received by the city from
the Broadway Surface Company:
"You regarded this as a fair rental,
didn't ^ ou?"
Mr. Lacorc.be answered:
"I regarded it as quite sufficient to
protect the city in..the percentages it.
should receive.' As to rental, I thought
it a fair value."
Mr. Lacombe probabP spoke without
consideration. ftecent 'events, in any
event, prove him wofully wrong.
On May 30 last?only a little less than
two years after Sharp began to run his
cars on Broadway?tiie franchise of the
Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth street
crosstown road and of the Fulton street
crosstown road were put up for sale at
auction by Comptroller Loew, under the
provisions of the Cantor Bailroad law,
passed after the granting of the Broadway
franchise. The former franchise,
for which there were two bidders, sold
> r\$ rrrncc T"nfjC
XVJi MU'M gcuu VA LXiV gAVww *VVV?^W)
to which, must be added, under the General
Street Kailroad law, a per cent, on
the annual gross earnings for the first
live years and 5 per cent, thereafter.
The city will, therefcre, receive 29.2 per
cent, on the gross earnings of that road
tor the first five of its operation and
31.2 per cent, every year after the first
five years. For the Pulton street franchise
there were three bidders, and it
was finally knocked down for 35 per
cent., making the city's rent for the first
five years 38, and 40 lor the subsequent
years.
As the Broadway franchise is undoubtedly
much more valuable than
either of'these, it is safe to assume that
* 1? ? ?<?>-%<? 44- V^orr^ Vuion
liie C u HljJG Ll LIU 11 IUi lb WVUiU 1MM IV ks wm
more eager, and consequently that the
city would have secured a considerably
larger percentage if, like them, it had
been put up and sold at auction. But,
admitting that it would not have sold for
any more than the Twenty-eighth and
Twenty-:iinth street franchise, how much
is the city losing annually by the compact
of its corrupt aldermen of 1881 with
the corrupting boodiers who are reaping
the benefits?
The gross earnings of the Broadway
Surface Railroad for the year 1885-86
were $1,061,665.80. They are likely to
be larger instead of smaller in the future.
' * " A1--J Unoi'o
Jtsut, accepting mat stun as a. n*u. vacua
of computation, 20.2 per cent, of it
would give the city $310,006.4:1 a year
for live years. Alter the expiration of
live years the city would receive, at 31.2
per cent., $331,239.72 a year. As the
city is getting only ?71,840.94 per year
under the corrupt disposition of the
franchise, it will lose $238,156.47 annually
for five years, and afterwards $259,389.78
annually forever.
i
If, as it would be perfectly proper to
assume, the Broadway franchise had
sold for as much as the Fulton street
franchise:, it would have brought into
the city treasury $103,433 a year for five
years and $224,6G6.62 a year for all time
after five years. On this basis of calculation,
then, the city is losing at the
present time by the corrupt compact
$331,583.00 per annum, and it will lose
after the lapse of four years from date
$352,816.38 a year.
Do these figures make plain the full
extent of the city's loss by the venality
of its 1885 aldermen? No, and for this
reason: Money is worth at the present
time in New lork city fully 15 per cent,
per annum, and $352,810.38 would pay
the interest at five per cent, on $7,056,327.60.
Therefore, when those alder
men gave tne uroauway. irancmse lor
871,0'M) a year and their own corruption
fund, they gave away for no consideration
v.'hatever at least $7,056,327.50 of
the people's money. - So
it was that, by paying ?1,300,000
in bribes, Jacob Sharp intended to save .
five and hJf millions of money which,
with the thirteen hundred thousand besides,
he should rightfully have paid for
the franchise. And, when each of the
aldermen pocketed his $24,000 bribe, he
sold out the people of New York city to
the amount of ?7,000,000 in gross, or
over ?352,000 a year in revenue.
?Bottles suspended from fruit trees
and containing a little syrup will catch
myriads of insects, many of which are
hurtful to the fruit.