The Fairfield news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1881-1900, June 01, 1887, Image 1
jr' - ^
VOL. XLIII. WINNSBOKO, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 1, 1887. NO. ii.
? ? : ???? . M?
SOUTHERN" EDUCATION.
THE PROGRESS OF OUR PEOPLK IN
THIS ALL-IMPORTANT MATTEK.
A Careful Review of the Condition ol j
Schools as Learned by Interviews With
Leading People in this Section.
From the Baltimore Sun.)
The Rev. William F. Slocum, of the !
First Congregational Church, returned j
on Saturday night from an extended trip
of several weeks' duration into the
Southern States, where he was engaged
vn i ri iroo+i <ro frn or t no /wnr1>+jnns r>f firlnca
tion, particularly colored schools.
Among the places visited wore Charleston,
Savannah, Jacksonville, Flu., Xew
Orleans, Jackson, Miss., and Talladega,
Ala. Besides visiting the public schools
from lowest to highest grade, and the
various colleges, an interview was had
wi?. the -Governor of Mississippi, various
city authorities, State education com- {
missioners and others. Mr. Slocum. j
said: "I found everywhere a strong feel- j
ing that the colored people mnst be ed- j
> seated. The New South has no doubts
on this question. In most cases primary
^ education of colored people is conducted
by the State, Georgia and Mississippi
particularly granting large sums; but
higher instruction in the ordinary English
branches is usually afforded by the
church schools supported by philanthrot)ic
contributions. The work of
these schools is of greatest importance
for training colored teachers of high
character. It is a striking fact that religion,
as taught by the ordinary colored
preacher in the South, is not elevating
the moral tone of the colored race. Of
course there are strikin g exceptions, hut
the improved moral tone of the race j
comes through the training in these:
higher church schools and colleges. I
found a prevailing sentiment everywhere
that industrial education must be push- j
ed. This amounts to a decided move-1
ment and some of* the colleges do first- !
rate -work. Another striking fact th2t i
shows improved moral conditions is that
the color line is growing more distinct;
that is, there are more black children
and fewer mulsttoes, which indicates a i
healthier separation of whites and blacks, i
No one who has not stood face to face j
with the tremendous problem in the j
South can rightly appreciate its many j
difficulties, and yet there are elements of ;
hope, strong hope, and the outlook is j
n<5t wholly discouraging.
"In Charleston the "Morris street j
school is the best for colored children, j
and contains about 1,300 pupils. Its j
principal, ?ir. a. jjqij, an exegans i
Southern gentleman, was an officer in :
the South Carolina army. It is a signified
fact that it was he "who loaded
the first gun that fired upon the ship
advancing to the aid of Port Sumter in
1S61* The school is prevaded with the
spirit' of military .^scipiine, and the
utmost neatness of dress is required.
There are 24 teachers, but only primary }
branches are taught
"In Savannah colored teachers are
employed in the colored schools, as is
- ^throughout the South
except in Charleston. Here, as everywhere
else, the sentiment that the colored
people must be educated prevails.
" "In Florida not so much has been
done as elsewhere. The colored population
is not so great there as in some of
the other States. It is significant that
the new college for whites, the Winter
Park College, at "Winter Park, Fla.,
though only two years old, has taken a
very high stand among Southern educa
tional institutions.
"In New Orleans the educational
I movement for both races is strong, and
Wj it is spreading into the counties of the
State in an excellent system of county
^ free schools. The Straight University,
Ak in New Orleans, is the best institution
[ for the training of colored students in
I LUC iliUlC ttUYrttfWOVi MXAUUXX^o* jlu uwo vv/v
j in attendance, and supplies numerous
H teachers to the country schools thrcughjg
out the South. Eighty per cent, of the
graduates become teachers. Theuniver-i
B sity has white teachers, and includes a j
H law and a theological department. Its i
[ funds come largely from the American !
P^^Missionary Association, and it is doing
_ Jfc^rk of great valtje. Some of the ne1
groeS^^ut New Orleans are becoming
quite w&5Eiy as plantation owners, and
one owns a large interest in one of the
railroad? that runs into the city.
"Mississippi appropriates $1,000,000
annually for educational purposes, and
the amount is divided per capita among
the white and the black schools. The
Governor of the State is a man of ad^
mirabie shrewdness, who believes thor-1
4 oughly that the safety of the country j
depends upon the education of the col- j
ored people. 'We feel very kindly to- j
ward the colored people,' said the Gov- j
ernor, and added rather significantly, 'I j
D61I6V6 Xiiiii' Lliv vx W * ~I- VV/AV4VU
race have been underrated.' The best
school for the education of colored students
in Mississippi is at Tougaloo, near j
Jackson. It is upon a large plantation j
of 500 acres,- has 200 students, and is I
upon the industrial plan. It has the j
active support of the State, from which !
it receives ?3,000 a year. All of the j
boys work on the iarni for one hour each j
day, which has two valuable results: I
First, it teaches them how to care for
stock, dec., and second, how to improve
womout lands, a necessary process in
the agricultural development of the
. South. Blacksmithing. carpentry and
tinning are taught. A student," if he
chooses, may become a regular apprentice.
A most interesting experiment is j
being tried by the president of the col- j
lege at Tougaloo. He purchased a tract!
of 2,000 acres of land, which he divided j
into tracts of 2l> and 30 acres, and is sell-;
ing to colored families. It is found that
.^^igjandholder immediately becomes con;jP^K5rvative
and more strenuous for higher
\ education. This school is doing a most
important work, and every cent received
from contributions is well expended.
"Another school of similar excellence
is that at Talladega, in Alabama. It is
upon the industrial plan, is supported
by the American Missionary Association,
and receives help from the Slater j
fund, so wisely administered by Dr. j
fn-rm&rW of Oxford. Ga. Sew- J
- Jttaygow, j
ing and cooking are among the branches !
taught to girls.
"An excellent feature is that a small!
tuition fee everywhere is paid. In day
schools it is never less than $1 per
month, and in boarding schools $12 per
month. It has been found disastrous to
give an education to any one free of
_ charge, for it is not appreciated. Many
of the colored people make great sacnj
hoes to keep their children at school.
I The spirit of devotion among the teachI
ers in the college, who are usually perI
sons of thorough training at the Aorth,
ft and who usually receive very meagre
1 salaries, is one of the hopeful signs of
tf our times. Indeed, the whole problem.
, | though sad, is not without hope. Dr.
r Oliver Wendell Holmes has said: 'Anv
H patient can be cured if only the doctor
K is called in time, but the trouble is in
[ many cases that the doctor should have
; been called two or three hundred years
] before the patient was born.' There is !
I a strong sentiment in the South that the
; colored v^ople must go cnto the soil,
i There is something in this. They seem
I not unfitted for it, and may become a
kind of strong conservative yeomanry in
the South. But their occupations need
not be limited to this sphere,* and many
other occupations. Colored lawyers
practice in the country districts, and
in certain cases colored physicians have
been called in consultation with white
physicians. The fact must be kept in
mind that this is a question of elevating
a race, and not merely of raising a few
individuals in this generation. The
church schools are having a strong and
elevating moral influence. The spirit
of genuine religious devotion is often
profound. Each college needs to be
specially endowed so as to cariy out an
independent policy adapted to the community
in which it is placed. These
schools are necessary because they make
the elements of moral and religious
character, and this character can be
brought into the race only by the special
training of individuals -who shall become
intelligent and upright leaders. The
same may be ^aid of the pupils in these
schools as Dr. Thomas Aruold said of
the boys of England, 'We must seek to
raise up great leaders.'"
A BLIND INVENTOR.
Constructing a Magazine Gun and Other
Things "Without the Aid of Sight.
(English Letter from Vienni.)
I have had the opportunity of meeting
the inventor of a new rifle, Herr Franz
Fortelka, a former lieutenant in the
Austrian army, who, during the first
campaign in Bcsina, received a shot in
his right eye, which destroyed the optic
nerve, and, indirectly, so affected the left
eye that the poor officer, now only 28
years old, has been for the last nine
Years totally blind. But without the use
of his eyesight this ingenious man has
invented during these years not only a.
new magazine gun, but also two machines
for the anti-oxidation of iron,
steel and other metals at a cost which
must be called ridiculously small; further,
an apparatus for automatical napping,
a new micrometer, a new sort of
gunpowder, not to speak of smaller inventions
which found their way into the
lesser industrial establishments of Vienna
and saved the inventor from starvation,
as his great discoveries, far from bringing
him money as yet, necessitate an
outlay which he can aftord only by extreme
personal privations. "My rifle,"
complained the unfortunate inventor,
"would have long been in the hands of
the British government had the advanced
money which I had obtained from a
private person in London been more
than ?20, which did not suffice for the
wages of one workman, who assists me,
and the necessary material.
"Now at last it is finished, and though
I may fall into the fault of all inventors,
I consider it the best rifle existing, being
without the disadvantages oi other machine
rides, and with many advantages
over them. I can prove by ray Austrian
and German patents of some live years
ago that the straight pull system which .
distinguishes every modem r fie, and in
itself, without the machine, secures the
double effect, has been my invention.
Upon this and upon other appropria- :
tions in the line by different successful
inventors I do not lay any stress. There
is my new rifie, whicn, in short, has the
following advantages: It can be used as
a single loader even with an attached
magazine; cartridges are not thrown into
the magazine in a loose form, but lie one
above the other, without the possibility
of placing them wrongly; the magazinecan
be attached or not at will; all parts
are solid, no spiral spring exists in the '
rifie; the price of my weapon with royalty
and everything else will be under
?2. Every old system, with the exception
of Werdl's, can be used for trans- .
formation into my rifie at a cost of 8 or
10 shillings?less in the case of Gras, .
Mauser, Berdan or Beaumont, and :
something more in the case' of Henry
Martini."
"And how can you make any inven- 1
tion, especially such a complicated one
oc q riflo nrJ+.Tinnf.
able to see the separate parts, and how
are vour devices carried out by the workmen?"
"I see with my fingers. And not in
one single case have they deceived me.
It's really curious that when great and
minute measurements are in question,
those who see with their eyes are wrong,
and I, with the use of my fingers, am
right. The models for my machines
against oxidation of metals were entirely
made bv myself from carved wood, with
the help of a' string, wire and bread
crumbs. I am now devising a very complicated
electric apparatus."
^
.John Sherman's Second Choice.
It now seems m.re tiian probable that
Senator Hawley had a double purpose
in attending the Loyal Legion reunion
and banquet. He was, of course, delighte'd
to meet with his old comrades,
and, besides that, it was a good chance
to give the people a chance to boom
Ha*.vley for President, Vice-President
or something of that kind. Thursday,
after the banquet, he was escorted to the
Lincoln Club, where he met several of
the most prominent Republicans in the
city, all, by the way, friends of Senator
Sherman. A gentleman in the party
sain the Enonirer: "The ticket to win i
is Sherman and Hawley, and, mind what
i teil you, that's -what it's going to be.
If by any mischance Sherman cannot
make it, then he will want Hawley for
first place and some live Western man,
like Major McKinley, of Canton, or Robertson,
cf Indiana,"for Vice-President."
?Cincinnati Enquirer.
Fatally Stung by a Centipede.
Cooke county comes to the front with
the horrible death of a young man
named Charles Allison. Several years
ago his brother William went to Texas
to engage in the cattle-raising business.
He came back last week on a visit. Last
Sunday morning the two brothers were
preparing to go to church, when Charles
put on a coat which his brother had
brought from Texas with him. In a few
minutes he experienced a burning sensation
on the arm. He took off the coat
; and tore open the sleeve, when a deadly
centipede :rom the plains of Texas was j
see1.: crawling siowiy up his arm, stinging i
as went. Medical assistance was has- j
w:ron!f.:;.'iL biK v.'hen the doctors'
i arrived Lis arm had swollen to twice its
natural size and in a few hours burst
along the poisoned track of the insect.
The young man died in most horrible
agony about nightfall and was buried the
next day.?Nashville American.
America's Pride.
True American men and women, by
reason of their strong constitutions,
beautiful forms, rich complexions and
characteristic energy, are envied by ail
nations. It is the general use of Dr.
Harters Iron Tonic "which brings about
i these results. *
WOMEN* AT THE POLLS.
I How th?- Fair Ones of Washington Territory
C:ist Tlieir IJallots.
t " |
Walla-Walla, May 24.?Although a
tenderfoot and acquainted with few in
our vicinity, I was appointed a judge of
election in Mica precinct. A struggle
was in prrgress betwixt rival towns ioi
the county seat, and runners had -been
through the precincts urging everybody
to bring out the votes of the ladies. In
this chivalrous region our women have
equal prerogatives with men, although
they view the ballot with an indifference
agonizing to all advocates of suffrage.
I went early to the polls, a small, log
school house in the hills, shadowed by
lofty pines. A rough wagon road ran
by the school house, wherein deer tracks
were quite as common as hoof-prints of
horses.
The ladies were not early at the polls.
A little before noon came a femily
party, a man wife and three children.
Soon after, from every direction, as if
by preconcerted arrangement, wagons
drove up containing similar households.
Xot only were all the little ones brought
along, but enormous jugs of milk and
baskets of lunch. The bachelors scat
tered timidly and the ladies swarmed in
upon us, moved the benches around the
fire, Wockaded the doorway, and took
entire possession of the premises. They
were farmers' wives, buxom, sensible
and energetic. A more domestic scene
one seldom sees. Here a mother nursing
her baby, there a fond father troling his
infant daughter, yonder a knot of women
exchanging recipes for mixed pickles,
and again an eager group setting out
lunch and passing pie and sliced pork
to their friends.
I could not at first understand this invasion,
until I learned thaf the school
hous9 was the one public resort for
social purposes. Dances, parties, singing
schools, preaching and political
meetings all were held here. A gathering
at the school house was the signal
for a general assemblage of friends, and
the women had evidently given more
thought to this fact than to the original
motive of the occasion.
Still they came. By noon the building
was fairly packed, and the picnic
appearance increased with every arrival.
"If vou iron ginghams and calicoes on
the wrong side they look"?
"His very best cow. The snow was
deep, and all the poor thing got to eat
was moss"?
"They say her vituals taste of pine
orixn half the time. Dtods from the
pitch rafters"?
"I pulled the poor child's tooth myself,
so"?
"Who shall you vote for, Sue?"
"Me? I don't know. Jack ain't here
yet."
"Marama, give me some pie, too."
"Oh, Eliza, at the polls after all?"
"Yes. Didn't-want to come a bit. Bill
is Republican and I told him I'd vote
Democratic sure if he made me come. :
But he said no matter, so loDg as we both '
vote for Spokane Falls."
"Pooh! I guess we're every bit as sharp 1
as the men folks." ; . .
"Don't vote for Spicer. They say he
treats his wife perfectly awful."
"I tell you, times has changed!" com- .
mented a man in blouse and overalls
leaning against a pine. "When I was a :
boy, to home ill Indianny, I recollect
hearin' maw and paw talk' this votin' '
business over. '1 tell ye,' says the old
man to her, 'I wouldn't have ye go to
the polls nohow. You'd have to walk :
up to the box through a crowd of loaf- ]
ers, all smokin' pipes and starin' at ye, '
and you'd sink through the floor.' He ;
orto'be here now."
But at last, after lunch was eaten and '
put away, and the babies had had their 1
naps and the ladies had exhausted all the .
gossip, a general movement "was made
toward departure. It wa? a long way '
home, and the cows to milk, and water '
to draw, and supper to get, and the
breakfast dishes to wash at the heels of '
all.
After such a festival one might sup- !
pose the ladies would vote cheerily, but
this was not the case. It had been post- 1
poned as long as possible and now that '
Lt must actually be done they went at it !
spitefully.
Here was a husband handing rival
tickets to his wife and saying for
the public ear, "You can vote whichever .
you like," at the same time gripping his
own ballot with a resolute air and a jaw
of such outline as made one hope his
spouse would vote as he did, in the in- ,
terests of domestic peace. There a dame '
was imperatively thrusting on her husband
the prohibition ticket.
These prohibition ladies were earnest ;
and intelligent. They advanced firmly
to the polls and gave in their ballots
with an air of satisfaction. Beyond these
few who had a definite personal purpose
the voting was perfunctory and done
with manifest dislike. The ladies each
handed their ballot to the inspector hesitatingly,
watched curiously as he put it
in the box and turned away with a toss
of the head.
"There! It's the first time I ever
voted, and it'll be the last!"
"I hope Spokane Falls gets the county
seat so we can stay home next time."
"Young men must be growing weakminded
when you drag an old lady like
me out to vote. I'm 70 years old. Old
enough to know better!"
And with contemptuous air the dames
retired to the wagons. Alas! The perversity
of nature! While many of their
sisters in the east sigh for suffrage those
who have it hold it in disdain.
Now came young Tyndall and his wife
on horseback, and there was quite a stir
among the ladies who still in the wagons
and the 4 'baches" around the trees.
Tyndall had purchased the oldest and
largest ranch in the precinct and had
brought a bride from San Francisco
several months before. Few had seen
her, for she was very retired and aristocratic.
A young woman, with peachy girlish
face, a wealth of blonde hair and round,
bright blue eyes, attired in an elegant
riding habit of dark green velvet, with a
long plume on her dainty cap.
"She looks very young!" said the inspector
as the couple drew near. "Do
you think she's old enough to vote'?"
"No, I don4t," 'replied one of the
judges.
"Then she ought not to be allowed."
"iou'li have to ask her age," said
another ox the judges.
Tne burly inspector looked concerned
and nervous. More nervous yet as the
bride came iu, glanced about and blushed
to find herself the cnlv woman present.
Tyndall, whose dress and bearing j
showed early culture, nodded to the |
officials, took his wife's arm and escorted i
her forward. He picked out his tickets
from tire table, folded one and handed to
her, folded the other and held it between
his fingers. Mrs. Tyndall presented
herself before the ballot box aad raided
her ticket, uncertain what came next.
Her innocent blue eves rested on the inspector
with a pretty look of wonder and
inquiry.
Xhe'inspector dropped her ballot into
the box. No doubt a barb rankles in
his conscience to this day.
, Mrs. Tyndall stood looking on an in- J
i stant, without moving.
"Is that all?" she cried at last, astonished.
"That's all. You've voted, Stella,"
said her husband, offering his vote in
turn, and the bride laughed merrily. She
took her husband's arm and peeped all
about her with great amusement, and
went off in high spirits. It had been a
very funny episode for her.
Woodruff Clarke.
TTIIE FIGHT L\ 'EIGHTY-EIGHT.
How the Chances for Democratic Victory
Look lo One Observer.
The New York World thinks that the
talk of Democrats from the South and
the West who have recently visited
Washington does not bear out ex-Secretary
Manning's theory that those important
section would force Mr. Cleveland's
renomination upon the New York
Democracy whether the latter should
like it or not. Many of Mr. Cleveland's
strongest friends from those sections are j
said to have stated frankly that his re-1
nomination would depend upon his ability
to get the support of his own State
delegation. They are said to have expressed
their satisfaction, in advance, with
that candidate who should prove to be i
the choice of ZSTo vr York. They say that
the battle-ground is to be New York,
just as it was in 1884, and that it would
be extremely foolish to noirinf.te any
candidate who should not have the backing
of the majority of the New York
Democracy.
Mr. Cleveland is believed to have been1
making a high bid for Massachusetts and
several of the New England States, but
it is not thought that he expects to be'
renominated or re-elected without the*
vote of his Own State.
"Mr. Cleveland," said a .New Yorker
the other day, "may get the New York
delegates in the National Convention,
but unless he has a majority (two-thirds)*
of them at his back iiis boom will falL'.
The whole foundation of the Cleveland
boom in the South and West is due to,
the claim made by the President's friend^
in the East of his great popularity in hii:
own State; that he is the only man wild,
can carry New York, Arc. The moment
Mr. Cleveland fails to demonstrate his
popularity at home, his Western ad- '
mirers will'drop him immediately. Ne*
York will decide the candidate for the;
Democracy and the election."
There.are said to be several weak
points'in ^Cleveland's hold upon the^
Western arid'the Southern Democracy!.
AIiia *vn fYiaf if. to lvrr TYi^anti
certain that the delegation from that
State will throw up their hats for Cleveland.
Men of the Thnrman type and
members of the old-time Democracy say
that they have been overlooked by the
President until they are in no mood to
become his enthusiastic followers, ?ii
Michigan there are four Democrats, exCongressmen,
who charge their retirement
to the Administration?May bury
of Detroit, Carleton of Port Huronj..
Comstock of Grand Rapids, and Eldridge;
of Adrian. It- is said that "there will be
trouble in delivering the delegation over
to Mr. Cleveland.' $
Indiana is said to be in open revolt
Voorhees and McDonald are known to
be unfriendly to Mr. Cleveland's renomicatiOD,
and the old friends of the late
Vice-President Hendricks are decbvgsL,
to be in s^Tjipssiky-wifcJi. -iluird, 'Senator
Vocrhees's sod, a delegate to Congress
from Wyoming Territory, recently made
a violent attack upon Mr. Cleveland,
which was published, it is said, with the
Senator's knowledge and with his entire
approval. In Virginia and Louisiana, it
is said, many leading Democrats are
openly opposed to Mr. Cleveland. The
endorsement of the Administration by
the State Democratic Convention of
Kentucky is not considered to have been
especially strong either in its language
or its spirit.
"It is highly improbable," said a Western
official recently, "that the Democracy
of the country will attempt to force any
candidate down the throats of the New
York Democrats against their will I
do not believe Mr. Cleveland would ac
cept a renomination coming in that way,
as it would mean almost certain defeat."
Cleveland and Lee.
It is probable that instead of spending
the month of June at Bed Top, the
President and Mrs. Cleveland, will go to
Fauquier White Sulphur Springs, Ya.
Colonel Maddux, the leading hotel man
at tliis place, has extended an invitation
to them and has prepared a cottage expressly
for them. He is now in Washington,
and arrangements have been
made for the President and Mrs. Cleveland
to go to the springs about the first
week in June for a day, as a sort of trial
trip. If everything is satisfactory the
invitation will be accepted. Colonel
Maddux was in Baltimore a few days
ago getting up a party of Baltimoreans
to accompany the President and his wife
and to make other necessary arrangements.
Among those who will accompany
them are General Sheridan and
Colonel Kellogg, of his staff; Senator A.
P. Gorman and a number of Balti
moreans and General Fitzhugh Lee.
They will leave here in the private car of
the president of the Virginia Midland
railroad. Colonel Maddux has been in
Washington .several days and has recommended
the water to the President as
being the finest in the world for overworked
brains, which will, no doubt,
induce him to give it a trial. It is opined,
too, that the little trip may not be without
certain political significance. The
fact that Governor Lee is to be in the
party is regarded here as another evidence
that Virginians are determined, if
possible, to tack him on to the tail of
the next Presidential kite with Cleveland.?Baltimore
American.
Twenty Years in a C'anal-Uoat Cabin.
"See that woman," said a man, pointing
to a canal-boat moving along the
Erie. A head hidden in a checked calico
sun-bonnet protruded from the cabin
hatchway. "That woman, sir, hasn't
Viaati nnt nf tTmt r?.abin in twentv Years.
Fact. So stout she can't get no thin' but
her head out. Last time she come up
on deck was when Grant was inaugurated.
The captain and the mate and the
two mule-drivers helped. Had an awful
time. Then they got her back again
and she hasn't been out since. Last fall
a dime museum man came down here
and offered her big pay to exhibit herself,
but when he learned that he'd have
to take the canal-boat and ail he refused
to iign a contract."?Albany Express.
* TUe biougb of Despondency.'?
In which you are wallowing, on account
of some of those diseases peculiar to you,
madame, and which have robbed you of
the ro?y liue of health, and made life a burden
to you, you can easily get out of. Dr.
Piorr-o'a "P-i-L-ArifA "Pri>srrinti<Yr" Trill tree
you from all such troubles, and soon recall
the rose-tint of health to your cheek and
the elasticity to your step. It is a most perfect
specific for all the weaknesses and
irregularities peculiar to your sex. It cures
ulceration, displacements, "internal fever," j
bearing down sensations, removes the ten-1
dency to cancerous sllections and corrects
all unnatural discharges. By druggists. I
PROGRESS IN THE SOUTH.
SECRETARY LAMAR FEARS ALL THE
REPORTS ARE NOT TRUE.
The Apparent Prosperity to be Found
Only in the Cities?The Secretary is Inclined
to Think That Much of it is Speculative.
(Interview in the Hartford, Conn., Times.)
I found Secretary Lamar at ins place
in the department the other day, his
table well covered -with papers, transacting
the routine business as methodically
as though he had been an executive
oil Iiiq lifo bnf if. cAAmprl f.n lip p.
relief fy him to turn from them ' for a
little while, walk with me into his private
room and talk on other subjects.
"Our conversation was about journalism,
its wonderful growth, its change of
character and its future, and upon other
' topics, but I shall not now repeat what
he had to say, except on one subject?
the industrial condition of the Sonth.*
:'d that I do^wiuh "Has consent.
"The apparent prosperity of the
South," said Secretary Lamar, "is to be
found in the cities, and not all of them
share "it. Atlanta, Chattanooga, Nashville,
Xnoxville, Birmingham and other
cities that are the centres of mineral development
already made or anticipated
are growing rapidly in population and
apparently in wealth. Towns, also, that
are sitoatedupon the new railroads that
have been Built during the past few
years are larger and more thriving than
they were, but their growth has been
largely at the expense of less fortunate
towns that have either stood still or have
actually deteriorated. This circumstance,
I think, is likely to give an
erroneous impression to the stranger
passing through the South on the milways.
He sees the towns at the various
stations apparently thriving, the centres
of new commercial enterprises, and he
naturally concludes that the South is
making very rapid progress; but he
doesn't know that the man who has
opened a new store at one of these places
has probably removed there from some
town distant from the railroad where he
closed up his former business, or the
man who is building a new house is possibly
a fanner who has become discouraged
in the vain effort to make a living
planting cotton, and has sold out and
come to town hoping to do better, or,
perhaps, to have better opportunities for
the education of his-children.
"I am inclined to think, also, that the
present prosperity of the cities which
are the centres of industry in the mineral
region or .whose growth has been
stimulated by their proximity to or interest
in it, is, to a great extent, speculative?based
in some measure, at least,
upon anticipated, developments rather
than -upon those already made. Of
course, I kbow that a good deal of capital
hag ^een invested there a ad that
much of has gone from the North-and
that maayJSortnern people ?re settling
there, aridX-don't wish to be understood
as doubting the future prosperity of the
region. I only say that the returns have
not yet been realized. I ought to say that
I have very lit$? personal knowledge of .<
anaiiTs m tncse sections of tuo ?
which I have been speaking. The ;
'boom' has come since 1 have been there
to remain long at a time, and my opinions
are formed from what I have read ;
in th#* newspapers and heard from per- <
sons who have been there. I think you
will find, too, that such cities as Charleston,
Savannah, Mobile and New Orleans
are not showing evidences of prosperity.
Let us see," said he, taking down a com- ;
pendium of the last census, "how much
these cities increased in population between
1870 and 1880. Charleston gained
in population in that decade 1,028, or <
at the rate of about 11-5 per cent.; Savannah
gained 1,474, or about of per
cent.; Mobile actually lost 2,902 in pop
illation, and New Orleans gained
or about 13 per cent. If you remember
that the average increase of population
throughout the whole country during
the same ten years averaged 30 per cent.,
you will see that there is nothing encouraging
in these figures."
"Howdo you account for the apparent
stagnation in what were formerly the
great commercial centres of the South?"
I asked.
"By the depression of the planting interest,
of which I have already spoken,"
was the reply. "They are dependent <
upon the agriculture of the country for
their trade."
"Haven't the crops been good?"
"Yes, that of last year was the largest
ever made with one or two exceptions. :
But the crop to-day is not proportionally
as great as it was .before the war. It
must be remembered that the popula- :
tion of the South increased nearly fifty
percent, between 1860 and 1SS0. As
agriculture is almost our only industry,
and as cotton is our principal product, if :
we only held our own we ought, in 1880,
to have marketed fifty per cent, more
cotton than we did before the war. But
the truth is that the large crop of last
year -was only twenty-live per cent,
greater than that of 1SG0. In other
words, our population increased during
that twenty years just about twice as fast
as our ability to feed and clothe it. You
wouldn't look for prosperity under such
circumstances, and you will not think it
strange that the cities which are dependent
upon agriculture for their trade
should languish."
"I have not been South in several
years," I said; "are there outward sigus
in the country of this depression of
which you speak?"
"Yes, especially when one goes away
from the railroads. Improvements are
not kept up and there is a general air oi
poverty, want of thrift and the allowing
of things to go to decay."
"To what cause do you attribute it?"
"I don't know. Probably it is due to
a variety of causes. If I did not know
how little influence legislation e^ially
has upon industry I should say that the
tariff was the chief cause; but l ciont
know that it is."
"The price of cotton averaged very
low last year," I said; "has that had
anything to do with it?"
"Of course, that cuts do wa the income
from the crop for last year, but the depression
I speak of did not begin recently
and the price of cotton has been good
as anile."
"One cause is probably the wearing
out of our lands. You know that ail
agricultural lands produce less and less
except they are constantly renewed by
fertilizers, and our people are too poor
to buy those. The increased aggregate
crop is due to increased acreage, but we
have not been able to increase the former
in the same proportion that we have increased
the latter and the amount of
labor expended. We work over more
ground and more hands are employed,
but it costs more to make a bale of cotton
now than it formerly did.
"Another reason. I think, whv we do
not raise as much cotton to an acre as
we formerly did is that we don't get
what we call as good a 'stand' as we
used to. The importance of this is not
likely to be appreciated by one who has
never lived where cotton is raised. If
there are many long, vacant spaces in
the rows of cotton plants, they may
grow very thrifty, and the field, as one
looks over it, may appear to bear a great
crop, and yet, when the cotton comes to
be pick it will turn out light. Now, in
order to secure a good 'stand,' that is, to
have the ground ail occupied, the closest
care and attention are necessary at a certain
critical period. In former times,
when the planter had complete control
of the labor, he could enforce this care
and attention as he cannot do now. The
cotton lands of the South are now mostly
rented to the negroes, and if the owner
retains an interest in the crop he has no
voice in the manner in which it shall be
worked. If he should interfere the negroes
would resent it. There is a great
deal of careless farming in the South."
CU1JKENT i'Alirrl TOPICS.
Hoeinjj Corn.
(R. J. Redding in Southern Cultivator.)
Corn, properly planted on well preI
pared land, should rarely need the
hoe in the early stages if the
jawing be skillfnJ-.y d'-ii-s. TTliile our
personal experience docs not approve the
general practice of planting in the water
furrow (as advocated by Dr. Jones), we
have found it very helpful in the way of
subsequent cultivation Jo plant in very
wide deep furrows ancle covering very
shallow, so that the plants*will be below
the general surface. Thg^first flowing
should be done with an implement that
throws but little dirt to the4 cork,""yet
enough to cofer well the step between
the hills or plants; The thinniti* (ii
needed) should be done ahead of the
plowing, and the latter should be done
only by conscientiously (?) careful laborers.
The plowman should be required
to stop and uncover plants, or cover or
pull out weeds or grass with foot or
hand as he goes. He should be impressed
with the idea that the work of
cleaning the young plants must be done
by the work of his plow, or his hands
and feet?no hoe to follow. It is not &
bad idea to furnish each plowman with a
small short-handled, one-hand hoe, to be
carried with his plow and used as occa
sion may require. It will be found that
he will be much more careful to do good
work with his pl>,w if he is given to understand
that careless work will not be
endured and left for the hoes to remedy.
Of course it will often occur that tlie
ia.nu is siuacieutij biuuuiii i<j ttu.uu.ij ui
thorough -work by the plow, exceptaround
trees and stumps; but it mil not
pay to go over a field, row by row, in
order to clean around such obstacles.
Better make a job of ir, early in the cultivation,
going from one to another without
regard to the intervening rows.
It sometimes pays well to go over the
corn crop with the hoes about laying-by
time, each hand taking two or more rows
at a time, and destroy scattering bunches
of grass and cleaning around stumps and
trees. This will depend upon whether
the hands can be spared from the more
exacting cotton crop.
"Chopping" Cqfton.
( IJytlie Same Writer.)
The characteristic work on a cotton
farm during the month of May is cotton-chopping.
Among the .many machines
that hava^geen invented to-ffio ;
Wlio ^
ably received or generally adopted by
farmers. The operation is one?like
eotton-picking?that seems to demand
an ever-changing motion a: d the exer
oist; ox itxj. ever-uuuiig juuyiiiC' t wiugii
cannot be materialized into a machine.
Such a machine, however, is probably
within the possibilities of human invention.
The cotton harvester is an undisputed
necessity; but it is not so clear
tnat a machine for chopping, or merely
"blocking out" cotton?reducing the
continuous row of plants to bunches?is
exactly what is needed. Why sow the
seed so as to secure a continuous row of
plants, and then at the first operation
proceed to destroy tho continuity? On
poor, unfertilized land, -which requires
that the plants should stand very close
in order to make a maximum crop, such
a continuous row is perhaps necessary;
but it seems an unnecessary waste of
seed and labor on land which will bear
the stalks IS inches to two or three feet
apart. Why not plant the seed on such
land in bills or steps?already chopped?
The writer planted his entire crop two
successive years in hills 3x2 J, feet with
the most satisfactory results. Hut it is
too late now to discuss the policy of hill
or step-planting. The crop is nearly all
planted and much of it will soon be
ready loi the first operation.
If the soil has been impacted from the
effect of one or more rains after planting,
it is of the first importance to break
the crust and let in the light and -air.
The condition of the land in this respect,
and the necessities of the corn cxoo, will
determine whether it "will be better to
chop before or after plowing. When
the ground is in good, mellow condition,
ana comparatively tree from grass, we
have often found it b.tter to put the
hoes to work in advance of plowing and
as soon as the seed-leaf of the plaut is
fully developed. If ;his plan is adopted
the work of chopping out should and
may be very rapidly done, the aim being
to get over Lhe crop in a week or ten
days or less. It does not pay to consume
the time that would be required to
thin out to a given number of plants, or
to leave each bunch in a perfect condition.
If ike crop has been well and
smoothly planted and the ground is mellow
and free from obstructions, such as
clods and stones, a hand should go in a
kind of half walk, rarely giving more
than a stroke for each bunch of plants
left. We have seen expert hoe-hands go
over in this way two acres per hand per
day, and even more. Kememoer, that
this plan-hoeing, or "blocking out"
ahead of the plows, requires and assumes
that the cotton should be plowed within
a few days. Generally the cotton crop
needs to be "gone over" with plows or
hoes as rapidly as it was planted. It
sometimes occurs that the whole crop
comes up together, however planted. At
sucn a juncture it is more important to
get over quickly tlian to do the work
(hoe-worK) perfectly. The aim should
be to make eve-y stroke of the hoe do its
utmost, rarely striking "twice in the
same place," thus getting over the crop
rapidly and quickly?on the same principle
^hat would govern a rescuing party
ia relieving the hunger and thirst of a
famishing ship's crew or a starving garrison.
The plows should follow this
hoeing as quickly as possible and go a*<
rapidly. The second hoeing should
commence in a few days alter the intervening
plowing, and should be done
with more care, the plants now being
put to a final stand, which .-an be done
with comparative safety. If this hoeing
and the consequent plowings be skillfully
done there will be little, if any,
LLLUX U iltrcu Ui LULU 1IUC3. jJJLUJLC UC^AAVAO !
on the age and physical strength of him
who holds the plow than is generally j
supposed. As a rule boys and girls are j
not strong enough or careful enough to j
guide the plow property in cultivating J
cotton in the earlier stages; i*- should j
only be intrusted to older anu stronger j
and steadier h:ids.
TIIE NATIONAL DRILL.
The Three Important Days of the Great
Military Event of the Present Year.
Washington, May 24.?The competitive
drill began at 10 o'clock this morning.
Company A, First Minnesota Begiment,
was the first company to enter.
They drilled well. The second company
was the Eighth separate company of
Rochester, N. Y. These two companies
drilled in the south of the grounds too
far from the grand stand to be seen to
advantage. Next followed the Muscatine
Eiiies of Iowa. They marched to the
front of the grand stand, saluted the
judges and began to drill. They handled
their pieces weil, but were a little weak
in foot movements. They were liberally
applauded. Then followed the Grand
Rapids Guards, Company A, First Battalion
Virginia (colored) Volunteers,
Southrons, Vicksburg; Company A,
First Virginia Begiment. Popular demonstrations
indicated that the Vicksburg
men and Company A, First Virginia
Regiment, had won the greatest
favor of the day. The competing companies
were limited in numbers to
twenty-foul men each, with their, three
oiiicers and two guides.
The program of manoeuvres was de- J
livered to each company's commander
one hour before the time'allotted for the.
corps' appearance, and the men were
thereby kept in ignorance of the
manoeuvres they were to execute till the
orders were actually given. In general
terms, they were to exercise iirst in the
school of the soldier (that is- without
arms) then in the manual' at arms, and
lastly, in the school of .the company.
Thirty minutes were* allotted to each
company to complete its program. A
furious thunder and wind storm came up
about fouf o'clock and put an end to the
proceeding. '^^Che crowds scattered at
once. The-roof was blown off a large
part of the grand stand and the canvass,
rocks, forts and war vessels, and lighthouse
of the "Pyorama" -were tipped over
and scattered. The order for dress
parade at 5 p. m. was rescinded. For the
proposed dress parade commands have
been organized in provisional battalions,
in which the troops of the respective
-1.1 ? i_1_ l 2 x
sections 01 me country are groupeu together
as fax as possible. Kentucky,
Ohio and District of Columbia men each
form one battalion; Texas, Mississippi
and Missouri form one; the Governor's
Guard of North Carolina are with Michigan
and Minnesota men; the Virginia
troops constitute a separate brigade,
already completely organized under Gen.
C. J. Anderson. The total number of
men in camp is about 2,800, in seventy
organizations. One-third of the total
are Virginians. Three-quarters of the
commands have entered the competition
for infantry prizes, one of which is colored.
Four colored companies are in
camp, iwo from Virginia and two from
the District of Columbia.
Washington, May 25.?The parade of
troops to-day for review by the President
has afforded the first opportunity
for seeing at once the entire body of ;
those forming the encampment, and was
an unqualified success. The weather
was perfect, Washington looked its best,
and the greater part of the population
seemed to be on ^.line of march. The
arrangements fox the parade were seasonably
completed, and" were "carried ont
almost to the allotted- second, and withpromptly
at 12 o'clock and reached the
stand erected for the President and in- ?
vited guests ten minutes later. This ,
snand bad seats for nearly 300 persons,
and was well filled, without crowding.
Vvritb the President were Mrs. Cleveland,
Mrs. Welsh and Mrs. Marsey, and Colo- "
nel and Mrs. Lamont. General Sheridan
and several members of his staff in full
uniform were their escort Among the (
gue jis of the drill Were Governor Lee, of i
Virginia, and stafi', Governor McGill, of ,
Minnesota, and staff, and the stafi' of ,
Governor Gray, of Indiana, (the Gov- ,
ernor himself having been detained at
the last moment), Secretary Endicott,
Senators Sherman and Gorman, the
Mexican and Japanese Ministers and the .
ladies cf their families, and a liberal 1
sprinkling of other legation and army ;
people. The troops looked and marched J
like veterans, and were encouraged with
liberal applause. In one respect the j
programme was departed from. The
Yicksburg Southrons, with their band !
and the 3Iemphis Zouaves, brought up j
the rear with quite an interval between ,
them and their predecessors. They '
formed in fact a little column by them- '
- -i mi J L. A : I
-L lit;J UUAA UCtJU JL^CU IU fJUZxtions
respectively in the fourth and
ninth provisional battalions, but dropped (
out of line because, as their officers ex- ,
plained, they were plaecd immediately :
behind the colored organizations. ;
Washington, May 26.?The Richmond 1
Greys broke camp this morning and left ;
tor "home. They came here with the ]
understanding that they would not remain
after they had taken part in the
competitive infantry drill. Company A, Third
North Carolina Regiment, also re- '
turned home torday. The reason is that |
many of the members are engaged in
business, and they were unable to obtain
leave of absence beyond to-day.
The weather was superb to-day. The ,
day was industriously devoted to com
petitive drilling ana the authorities,
profiting by experience and criticism,
are making the work very interesting.
Seven or eight thousand spectators were i
cm the grand stand.
The competing infantry companies
were the Governor's Guards, of Raleigh,
X. C.; the Louisiana Rifles; the Sars- <
lield Guards, of New Haven, Conn.;
i 'nmnon-c C. first. X .T fVimrwwiir R
Washington Lignt Infantry Corps; ,
Toledo, Ohio, Cadets, and Company A, i
Washington, D. C.. Cadets (colored). (
Three of the companies are worthy o:
special mention: The Louisiana Eiiies,
the Washington Light Infantry (Wash- .
ington's crack corps) and the Toledo
Cadets, the Toledo men probably carrying
oif the palm.
The competition for the artillery prizes
was narrowed to two companies and the 1
contest consequently was for the first :
prize of ?1,500. The Petersburg, Va.,
company had withdrawn from the contest.
Had there been a third contestant
a second pi -e of ?1,000 would have
been awarded.
One company from Indianapolis and
one from Milwaukee drilled to-day. The
guns, horses and drivers, and also the
judges oi' the contest, were furnished by
the Third (regular) Artillery. Two guns
and caissons were manned by the visitin?
militia and were drilled by their own
captains. Both acquitted themselves
well.
The riiia competition also came o:T.
Xinety-eight entered, but only thirtyeight
reported. The highest score of
the day was that of Lieutenant Pollard,
of the \Yashington Light Infantry. Pollard
was a member of the International
Rille team which went to Wimbledon a
few years ago. Eighty-three was scored
by ?ieutenant Bell and Private Johnstone,
of the Continentals, of Washington,
D. C., Private Grossman, Second
Iowa, and Private St ever, Second Maryland.
Many companies will leave tonight
and to-morrow.
!
ESSAYS oy "BOY."
| An Interesting Anim:il Faithfully Described.
The teacher in one of our intermediate
schools one day iast week had a lesson
in language, giving for the subject
the word "Boy/' the scholars to
write what they could about the subject,
and this without assistance and without
any time for preparation. Following
are two specimens of the "compositions,"
written l,r two small boys, one 9
and one 10 years of age, and they showed
a good idea of punctuation and the
spelling excellent, but two or three
words in caeh being spelled wrong, and
those the shorter lind more .comartm
vrnivlc
A boy's a biped animal, one to three
feot high. Some boys are wise, iiitelli- .
gent, dull, bad, good, kind, gentle,
cross, unkind, stupid, etc. Some boys
are very kind to their brothers and sisters.
My brother is very kind to me.
Some boys grow up to be great men.
some mayors 01 cities and som^ own
great mills and stores. Boys who study
when they arc small become the greatest
men. Some boys who do not study
when they are young grow men, are
poor and have to go out with a pick-ax
and shoyel. shoveling out the gutters
aridistreets. Holidays some boys sell
lemonade and ice-cream, and some
such things as I have mentioned,, and
earn lets of money. Last Fourth, of
July I had a lemonade and ice-cream
stand, and earned some money. Some
boys learn how to swim, aud some save
lives. Some boys steal things and get
arrested, and their parents have to bail
them out. Some boys are cruel to animals.
Some boys come to school with
cmaoc onrl cf-/"?/"?Inr?rrc 4-V?
CiiVW UUU iJbVVAiUgO VU AUU bUVU,
hair uncombed, and are not neat The
teacher does not like this, so she makes,
them look neat. Some boys stay home
and take care of the garden and the
baby, and some boys run away and get
into mischief. Some get hurt Oncein
the week's vacation I went with Sylvester
Bennett to play in some sand. It
was in winter. We came in his yard
and there was ice on the ground, and
he took an ax and began chopping it I
went to pick it and he struck me in the
eye with the back of the ax.._ This was
an accident Ke cried and I did. Once
I was coming home from school I
jumped on a milk-wagon. When I
jumped I lost my balance and fell flat in
a mud-hole. Boys are not so good,
kind, gentle and stupid as girls are.
A boy is a small biped, not very large,
but they are large enough to be in mischief.
In summer most of the boys steal
;.il the fruit they can, and chew tobacco
and smoke it, and fight and swear, and
curse, and tell lies, and are lazy and
e?n <-? rr /-} enll-rr onri v>r/*nrl Tn
ouulj auu auu ^ivuu* JLU
school they whisper and play and do ?
not like io study when the teacher is not
looking; and most of them come with
dirty hands and faces, and they dirty
up the yard and building and run away.
The boys play ball, polo, shinny, racing-,
flying kites, horse, switch, bull-in-thering,
hide-and-go-seek, tag, chasing,
trapping, jumping, running, swimming.
At home some boys sauce their mother
and don't wan't to do any errands for
their mother. I hare seen some boys
ask their mother for a cent, and if they
wili not give them one they will begin
to sing and laugh and jump. In winter
x&c*. ! foj hart- r jV, A >?* .. , *?wn_
asked me lor a match to iignt nis pipe,
:ind I toid him his match was on the
state farm. Boys are always mto mis3hief.?Providence
Journal.
CAKL DUNDEE'S RECIPE.
Wblch Was Obligingly Fnrnished by Hll
Son Jake. t
"Well, what's the matter this time?"
Af fVlfl WAA/?_
^UUHCU. OCi^U JJuiiUUi, Wi W4J.W ttvtv/w
bridge Street Station, as Carl Dunder
entered the place yesterday with a baniage
over one eye and his lips and nose
swelled to double siae.
"My boy Shake."
"What's Jake been up to?"
"Veil. I haf to keep some sweet cider
in my saloon you know. He gets hardt
in a few days una nobody likes him
3.ny more. Shake hears me say dot,
unci he buys a recipe to keep him sweet
all der time. Der oder day I gifs him
feefty cents, und he buys some stuff in
x bottle, und we put him in a new barrel
of cider. I doan' open him till last
safning, und so soon as he was open
Shake-says he guess he shall go down
init-Springwells to stay mit his uncle
safer'night"
"Well?"
"Vhell, more ash twenty fellers vhaa
3n handt for cider, und I do a great,
peesncss for half an hour, Den somepody
calls out dot he vhas sea-sick, und
somepody else says he vhas poisoned^
and two fellers fall down und kick und
roll oudt 'murder' like somepody vhas
kiliing 'em."
"Were theviokin<r?"
"0, no?not much?Sooch sickness
tou nefor saw, und two doctors come in
and saidt it vhas all in dot cider.
Shake puts something in him."
"Of course. Did anybody die?"
"Nopody but me. Two mans pitch
into me uiid knock me down und walk
on me, und leaf me so deadt dot I doan't
wake up for half an hour. You see how
I vhas killed!"
"You got it bad Mr. Dunder."
"It vhas shust like I hadt a brize
fight mit Sullivan und vhas kicked
oiidt Sergeant, I likes to find Shake.
I oxpect him home, but .he doan' come.
Shake vhas great on recipes, but I haf
one I like to try on him."
'Til keep an eye out for him."
"Do so. Tell him I vhas all right,
only 1 haf a boss recipe. It vhas how
to keep a boy sweet, und it vhas mostly
composed of rawhide. If he comes I
nr-if it to him mitout charge, und I warant
lie vhas made almost like an angel."
?Detroit Free Fress. y
?= ^
Aronsinjj Kis Ambition.
"The boy is .all right," said the doctor,
"but you want io talk to him and
arouse his ambition. Promise him that
you will take him somewhere when he
recovers sufficiently to go out; talk to
him about playing tag with the boys;
;h<;re arc lots of ways in which you can
interest him."
Then the doctor addressed the boy,
who was just recovering from a fever,
vaying:
"Come Mickey, cheer up, my boy;
you like to go and play tag
w: 1: your playmates?"
A smile stole over the boy's face,
out: was all.
"biop. sir," said the father, "I'll
:.roi:-o aim. Soe here, .Mickey," he asked,
addressing the boy, "wouldn't yez
tike to go out and trow a rock through
a Chineyman's windy."
The boy immediately sat up in bed
and asked for his trousers.
I that Tn<l fett>h 'im.*'
the father'with a proud smile, "he's all
right, doctor dear."
O- fr '
Trousers arc to be worn larger at the
knees, for which change we are thankful,
as the old style always bags there,
unless the wearer dues his praying standing
up.?Toroiito Globe.