Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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VOL. XLIII. WIXXSBORO, S. C.. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 18. 1886. NO.3. I RRrOT.LECTIOXS OF MR. TILDEX. 1 FIRED WITH BOTH EVES SHUT. ??JCggaCT ? gggBM MM EPt B I JOMSOX'S ISLAM). ( A PE.\ PICT I'RE OF THE CHEAT .VOKTSrEK.\ PRISO.V The Pirate of LsKc Erie?T!:e Seizure of a s Lake Steamer !>y a Band of Confederate Sympathizer*?The Failure of Their P!aa??The Chief of the Crew, Etc. (From the Atlanta Constitution.) Johnson's Island, nov,- an historic spot, lies four miles from the city of Sandusky, ? Ohio, in the midst of as beautiful a sheet of water as can be found on the lakes. Seen across the blue waves, its green slopes relieved by the piles ox white limestone, it presents a lovely pie* hire. The hignest is per naps unv above the water level, and is near the center of the island, which is one mile long, a half wide, and contains 300 acres. In the days long since departed, it was covered with a magnificent growth of oak and maple, and was a favorite resort of the Indians, who then thronged all ??- r5n- - ?w4&6I1 its snores were olive with black bass, pickerel and perch, and continue so to this day. The soil is full of Indian relics, and in one corner is an old Indian burying ground. ZVIany weird legends of Indians' ghosts are still extant, and would bear telling. For years the island was owned by one Bull, and it was called after him. The first custom-house; for this port was located on the island ait one time, and the foundations are still to be seen. lit JS52, F. B. Johnson bought the property, and still owns it. In 1S61 a depot for Confederate prisoners was wanted, and the government leased the island, which at once sprang into notoriety as Johnson's Island. At that time but little of it was under cultivation, aiul the improvements were of the most primitive character.- W. T. West, of this city, was awarded the contract for building quarters for prisoners and guards, and :>om- that time, until the close of the war, it. was the scene of constant activity. January 1, 1SG2, Company A, of Hoffman's Battalion, took possession for the government; later Companies B, C and 1), same battalion, were added, i and in 1S63 six miscellaneous companies. The whole was erected into one hundred and twenty-eigiith O. V. I., in the latter part of ISte. The first post commander was Major W. S. Pierson, afterward brevet brigadier general. Colonel Chas. W. Hill, General Tarry and Tuajor Lee were successively his successors. The troops on the island were enlisted specially for this particular service, and some of them moved their families to fc the prison, and soon a school-house and * church were erected. A-nn"! <) 1?&>_ the first installment of ?W, 7 prisoners arrived. These men were nearly all privates, but as the great security of the prison became known, only , o:fice*rs were sefitrto the island. From the first arrival until the close of the war there v.-as a constantly varying number of Confederates on the island. Sometimes as high as 3,000 were under guard, the total number confined ag^egating died, and soon a little eemeB H^OO graves was established ra&rcve on the eastern end tirades of-Ac tteCKGOT ^pfflSMI^HwS^iays in carving elaborate wooden head boards for their dead comrades, and some of them, executed with ordinary pocket cutlery, still regain exquisite examples of amateur talent. For some reason, the defenders of a lost cause have never, with two or three ex) ceptions, given the place any attention, and but for the kindness of the G. A. E. Ks" Post, the lonely burying spot would be lost in a mass of undergrowth, t As Canada filled up with Southern sympathizers, it was deemed best to bring additional troops to the island, and to erect strong fortifications, the tf ruins of -which still remain in almost -nprfpet, condition. Even the magazines ?r w of the forts are in such a state of preservation as to admit of minute exploration. From time to time rumors of an attack from the Canadian shore were heard. It was said that a strong forcc would come from Canada, release the ; prisoners, and seizing the ammunition and cannon of the forts, form an invad^ ing array to burn Toledo, Sandusky, ? Cleveland and the lake ports. ^ The warship Michigan was put on guard and every precaution taken to prevent surprise. THE PIRATE OF LAKE EKE. That there was a good foundation for the yaiious rumors, was subsequently proven by the capture and execution oi \ John Beall, sometimes spelled Beale. r He was bom in Virginia, being a native of Jefferson county, which was in the famous Shenandoah Valley. Charlestown, where John^Brown was executed, is the county seat. Ee was a large land owner, and possessed of a classical education obtained at the University oi Yirormia. At the breaking out of the wax lie organized C Company, Second O. Y. ^ I., which later became a part of Stoner wall Jackson's famous brigade.. During the latter part of 1861 all tlie cities on Lake Erie were greatly, agitated. The streets were patrolled, and every possible precaution taken against an invasion from tiie North. The whole border was convulsed. Ohio had sent thousands of soldiers more than hex quota to the front, and none were left to guard her unprotected lake front. It seemed a practicable scheme to send an t expedition from Canada to batter down ^ the lake ports, and spread destruction throughout, north Ivlichigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York. Jacol Thompson was in Canada, and to hit fertile brain all sorts of plots were charged. The only war vessel on the 'lakes was the Michigan, carrying eighteen guns. Her regular station anti winter quarters have always been at the port of Erie. It was agreed that if she _ were captured a very small body of mer K could with but little difficulty ravage ^ ?>the frontier. In the early part of Sq> Member, she was lying betweer Johnson's Island and Sandusky. Th< air was usually full of rumors at this time. The Knights of the Golden Circle, in Indiana, were reported to be ir the plot to seize the island. 3Iany citi zens of Sandusky were suspected. Xatur ally the prison island was the center o: all thought. A steamer could cross from Canada ir a few Hours. in winter xne ice ioruifi sufficiently strong to allow an army t< march from Sandusky to the island - The early September days dragged slowly along,* full" of fear and trembling. Th< 19th proved to be the day ot fate. Th< k Philo" Parsons, a passenger steamer ply ing between Sandusky and Detroit (stopping at Put-in-Bav, left Detroit car lv in the morning. The first stop 01 tlie Detroit river was at Sandwick, i small Canadian town. Here a quarte of men came on. At Maiden, a shcr distance further down, a score mor< boarded the steamer. Several of th< men carried large valises, but the nios conspicuous piece of baggage was a grea old-fashioned trunk, secured with rope ^nd seemingly very heavy. Still ther was nothing at all suspicious about eitlicr the men or their traps. At other points down the river passengers were taken up until when the Parsons came to the clock at Kelly's Island, some four| teen miles from Sandusky and ten miles from the island, she had an unusually I large passenger list. The clerk happenj cd to !? _ in charge of the boat, the capI t;tin being oil" for the day. When the j bout had-got clear of the island, and was : fully on her way to Sandusky, four men ' stepped up to the clerk, and at the point ' of revolvers compelled his surrender. The trunk was burst open and relieved ; el' its load oi' revolvers aiitibowie knives. I The boat carried no armament, and had : bnt a f'-'-v hands to work her, and the task o: secu.ring possession was trilling. ; Under the direction of the leader of the conspirators, they cruised about idly for 1 some time, then put into Middle Bass Island. As she lay here the Island Queen, passenger packet, plying between tltf islands and Sanduskv, ran alongside, and threw out a plunk to discharge her | passengers. Instantly she was seized by j the plotters, who,fired volley after vollev, but did no damage." Captain Orr, ! refused to obey the orders of the capi tors, and received a severe wound in the | cheek, from a revolver fired by some un! known party. The passengers, includ ing fifty one hundred day men, on their way to Toledo to be mustered out, were put in the hold. Captain Orr was closely questioned as to the situation in SanI dusky, the numbers of strangers in the i ci-oy, and the excitement existing, but he | absolutely refused to talk. The number ; of people on board was too great, and : it was decided to put the women and i children ashore, together with the one i hundred day men, who were paroled. ; The Queen was then taken several i miles out to sea and sunk. From the j unsettled condu .t of the raiders it was : evident to Captain Orr that some part of : the plan had miscarried. The man in I command was Beall. His appearance i was such as to excite remark, more espej cialiy as his followers were a particularly : mean looking set. This was strikingiy the case in the person of .John Burley, : who was second in command. The fol, lowing programme is outlined from a i document in the Confederate archives, I prepared by Jacob Thompson. * * ! Beall was to lead the water part of the ' ^ no wt/wl lion I N"> ilU-U a. j_u?y.xa. jut4xx4\~n ks\sx\^ utvu ! charge of the land end. Cole was to ! either overpower the officers of the i 3Iichigan, or to throw t:.em off their I guard. At a given signal Beall was to steam rapidly in and capture the ship. A cannon ball sent screaming across the island was to be the signal for the 3,000 prisoners to rise and overpower their guards. Sandusky was to be sacked and Toledo, Cleveland and Bufialo were to suffer a like fate. The prisoners were to go to Cleveland and from that point, stealing horses wherever thev could, ! clash across the State to "Wheeling, W. | Ya. But Cole failed, and so did the plot ; to capture Johnson's Island. Beall at i last saw the game was up and started.for I the islands. The boat was urged fori ward at a terrific rate, ^he stopped long j enough to land her cfptain and crew : and -then proceeded to the Canadian j -nLtvic site w;is sent to the bottom, j Many of tl^e islanders, fearful that the | plot would succeed, had, during the day, X destroyed.of th.2>roperty. The excitement which next day Iollcr.-cd +hc exposure of the plot was wonderful, and ! for the time overtopped the Presidential campaign which was then at white heat. Three months later Beall was captured near the Suspension Bridge, at Niagara Falls, and locked up. It was discovered that an attempt was being made to bribe the turnkev, ?3,000 having been offered ; him to re'ease Beall. The prisoner was i then placed in confinement at Fort ! Lafayette. One J. S. Brady appeared ' for Beall at his trial. The defendant ! -was charged with being a spy; -with ati tempting to wreck a Lake Shore train, i for the purpose of robbery, and with the ! felonious seizure of vessels. Beall's dei fen:;e was weak, he admitting- very much j that was charged against him. One of ; the features of the case was a manifesto i from Jefferson Davis, declaring that the i acts on the border were committed by j his orders, and should be recognized as j lawful acts of war. Beall was declared | guilty, and General Dix approving the ! sentence, the prisoner was ordered to be | executed on Governor's Island, the resii dence of the late General Hancock, | February 18, 1865. The night before ; the day set for his death, Beall wrote a touching letter to his brother, in which he claimed that he was unaware of hav ing committed any crim>3 against society. President Lincoln at the lgst moment : | granted a rc-spite until Februarv 24, 1 ? j.I : I wnen me prisoner v>ub uieuuttu, hiluuui i j showing tlie slightest sign of fear. : j The plot pertaining to the shore was | entrusted to Major C. H. Cole, who. the i better to conceal his purpose, was tigur. ing as a Titusvilie, Pa., oil merchant. His lirst step was to obtain an introduc; tion to the officers of the Michigan, This done, the rest was an easy matter, as he was furnished with plenty oi money by Thompson, and the officers were always willing to spend a pleasant : evening after tedious daily life on the steamer. Night after night they gather. ed in the parlors of the West House, ; where they enjoyed, at Cole's expense, ; the most elegant suppers, the choicest ; wines and cigars, and no guests were evei more loyally entertained. For a time everything went smoothly ; j until Cole, thinking his plans were sc : perfectly made and so near success, . grew careless and in a short time the . suspicion of Sandusky people was aroused and his movements were closeh > watched. > When the 19th of September arrived, i the officers were once more invited tc supper and everything was prepared fo] ; them. The wine had been drugged anc L when by this means they had been -ren! dered helpless, a signal had been arrang : ed to notify Beall that the time for th( i attack had come and everything was i readv. But in the meantime Cole's action: t and movements had been so closeh ; watched that suspicion had grown into t ; certainty, and in the very moment o: - success 1:8 was arrested by order of th( i commander of tlie Michigan. Captair - Carter. Among Cole's accomplices in Sandiu: t ky was a woman named "Annie Davis,' who was a "most captivating creature.' 1 In order that he might make good hi [ escape at his examination, Cole impli > cateu some of the most prominent citi . zcns of Sandusky. For some time Cule was held as i ? prisoner on board the Michigan. H< i was then removed to the island, wher< - after petitioning a number of times fo: , pardon, he was transferred to For - Lafayette. In September, 1865, he wa i granted a release, and is now suppose^ i to be resident in Texas. t Onto the island there came during it t occupancy about 15,000 prisoners, mos . of whom were exchanged, while other : took the oath of allegiance. Two, Car t bin and 3.IcGraw, were shot in retalia t tion for executions in the South. Xich s ols was hung as a desperado and a spv e One was shot in an attempt with other to scale the stockade, with, ladders made j of boards taken irom their quarters. | One, by one of the guards, for getting i over the "dead line." Two hundred and j twenty died of disease. One, a Union j deserter, was shot, and six, including j Major Styles and Captain Gusman, for j refusing to take the oath. Lieutenants | McBride, Bobins and Cole, together i with K. B. Esteps, a. Union deserter, j were also shot. The prisoners remain| ing September 7, 1865, were sent by j order of the war department to Fort ! Lafayette, and the island was directly | abandoned as a military post, the dis! charge of both prisoners and troops hav' ing been constantly going on from the j surrender at Appomattox. THE CONFEDERATE TREASURE. ! An Interesting Event That Followed tl:c Fall of Richmond. (From an Art-cle by Gen. D:ike in August Bivocac on the F~1 of Richcond.) It was determined that we should resume our march that night for Washington, Ga., one or two^ days| march^ dis j Mtn; ioouuu */j vwvjiui Breckinridge that we move at midnight. About 10 o'clock I received a message from General Breckinridge that he desired to see me immediately. I went to his quarters, and he informed me that the treasure which had been brought from Richmond was at the railroad station, and that it was necessary to provide for its removal and transportation. He instructed me to procure a sufficient number of wagons to remove it, and to detail a guard of fifty men under a field officer for its protection. He further informed me that there was between $500, 000 and $000,000 in specie?he did not know the exact amount?the greater part gold. I must, he said,' personally superintend its transfer from the cars to the wagons. This was not a very agreeable duty. I represented that if no one knew just what sum of money was there, it would be rather an unpleasant responsibility to impose on the party who was to take charge of it. I would have no opportunity to count it, nor possible means of ascertaining whether the entire amount was turned over to me. He responded that all that had been considered, and bade me proceed to obey the order. I detailed fift^ picked men as guard, anu put tnem unaer command of Colonel Theopliilus Steele and four of my best subalterns. I obtained six wagons, and, proceeding to the station, began at once tlie task of removing the treasure. It was in cilarge of some of the former Treasury clerks, and was packed in money "belts, shot bags, a few small iron chests, and all sorts of boxes, some of them of the frailest description, in this shape I found it loaded in open bore cars. I stationed sentries at the doors, and, rummaging through the cars by the faint light of a few tallow candles, gathered up all that was shown me, or all that I could find. Rather more than an .hour was consumed in making the transfer from the cars to the wagons, and after the latter had been started oil' and had gotten half a mile away, Lieut. John B. Cole, one of the officers of the guard, rode up to me with a pine box, which mav Lave held 32,000 or ?3,000 in gold, on the pommel of liis saddle. He had remained after the others had left, and, ferreting abgut in a car which we thought we had thoroughly searched, had discovered this box stuck in a corner and closely covered up with a piece of sacking. "On the next day, General Breckinridge directed me to increase the guard to 200 men and take charge of it in person. I suggested that instead of composing it entirely of men from my brigade, it should be constituted of details from all five. I thought this the best plan to allay any little feeling of jealousy that might arise, and insure a more perfect vigilance, as I felt persuaded that these , details would all carefully watch each other. My suggestion was adopted, Nearly the entire guard was kept constantly on duty, day and night, and a majority of the whole escort was gener; ally about the wagons at ever}* halt, olosely inspecting the guard. At the Savannah River, Mr. Davis or! dered that the silver coin, amounting to , one hundred and eight or ten thousand ,1/vIIaw Ka wai'/I +/\ rsno 1 UUJLUXlSj UU |;<UU IA^ u:^ uw^?o jj_L ^/axuuu I discharge of the arrears of pay due them. ! The Quartermasters of the several brig! ades were engaged during the entire night in counting out the money, and a , throng of soldiers surrounded the little [ cabin where they were dividing "the pile" into their respective quotas until ! early dawn. The sight of so much money seemed to banish sleep, My brigade re; ceivod S32 p6r capita, officers and men sharing alike. General Breckinride was ; paid that sum, and, for the purpose, was borne on the roll of the brigade. On . the next day, at Washington, I turned , over the residue of the treasure to Mr. M. H. Clarke, acting Treasurer of the Confederate States, and experienced a . feeling of great relief. In a Chewing-Gum Factory. > A day or two ago my wayward feet ; carried my body into the suburbs and to ! a chewing-gum factory. There I got some idea of an industry that thrives on penny sales and the remorseless energy of American jaws. In the place I saw ; half a dozen huge blocks of marbly gum, or petroleum wax. Each weighed about one hundred pounds, and was almost ' like pure pentelican stone, dear to the ? old sculptor's eye and hand. And it was absolutely clean and odorless. A few s weeks ago the stuff lay in one of the "* j a-*.- _ _ *1 T> ~ i nuge xanKS near uie on weus u? jl cjxu' sylvania, a dirty, greenish brown fluid with the consistency of bad mud and the , smell of a glue-factory. Then it was > crade oil, but since that it had been in a : turmoil and through "stirring times" L and chemical processes. From it had been extracted a Jot of kerosene, almost as much naphtha, not a little benzine, 5 plenty of tar and a lot of valuable, but > technically named, affairs that are out of reach. Anyway, the gum wax was left, > and it was it that I saw, clean as an ideal farmer's bed-chamber, and as ordorless i as a civil service reformer's record. BeI fore it became the chewing-gum of our i friends it had to be melted, flavored, i sweetened and "put up" in fanciful array. Then the one hundred pound - block would appear in live thousand ' penny cakes, and I am told that five ' hundred of these one hundred pound 5 blocks are used in each week of the liis tory of Columbia, "the gem of the - ocean," etc. It's tough?the fact, nol the gum.?Cleveland Plaindealer. i ^ 3 A tin sines.i Young Man. t An Ohio widow owned a large grave s bank which a certain railroad company i was very anxious to secure, seveia. propositions were made and rejected, s and the president finally sent his privat< t secretary down with instructions to ofiw s np to $14,000. The young man re - turned after a couple of days, and wher - asked how the business had" turned out. - replied: "I will accept your ofier.' . "You?" "Exactly. I married th< s widow and own the bank." ALL ABOUT THE CROPS. The Crops in the f?tate, the Cotton Crop, and the Crop* in the United States. Tlie State- Department of Agriculture | has received 257 special reports, cover' ing every county in the State, on the i condition of tlie crops, and furnishes j the following summary of these reports: i COTTOX. The unfavorable seasons in June and July retarded the growth of cotton. The excessive rains caused vigorous growth of grass, and the crop was greatly injured in removing it. The reports of August 1st show that the plant is small and poorly fruited. A slight improve-' ment is noticed on some of the red clay lands over condition on July 1st, but on light, gray sandy soils the condition is reported lower than for the previous month. In some localities the crop has suffered for rain. The reports, with few exceptions, are unfavorable. The correspondents generally concur in the opinion that a larger yield than is now antifijjatcl will be realized if the fall is late. TIia nnrnlib'nn nil tllC 1st of August is: In upper Carolina, 62; middle Carolina, 06; lower Carolina, 73. Average for the State, 67. cork. Upland corn, where it lias been well worked and fertilized, is reported in fine condition, but in some sections the crop on sandy lands has been injured by excessive rains. In many places the crop on bottoms was totally destroyed by the spring floods, and" only a part of these lands was replanted. The condition is reported in upper Carolina at 65; middle Carolina, 74; lower Carolina, 83. Average for the State, 71. rice. The reports on the condition of rice are generally favorable, except where it has been injured by the freshets. In Georgetown county," one of the correspondents estimates that one-half of the crop has been destroyed. The condition is reported at Si. other crop:;. The condition of the other crops is reported as follows: Sorghum, 85; sugar cane, 89; peas, SO; Irish potatoes, 91, and sweet potatoes, 91. Cotton in the South. ^11 4.-],^ v - vo_ XiJLU J.VJX1AJ >> IJ-Iq m LULU ^ U V/J.l^t4UUO c*~ tional Cotton Exchange crop report for the month of July: Returns have been complete from all parts in the belt and our revision of the acreage, based on county reports, is complete. Much. field work has been accomplished during the month, of July, resulting, however, in the abandonment of some lands, which wer>2 beyond redemption, and the tliinnii g out in various localities of stands from cleaning up, but from present indications this abandonment is not calculated to alter our acreage basis. Berhaps no season has shown to a greater extent than this the advantages of thorough cultivation, for where this has been the case the difference in the outlook of the crop is very marked. ^ . Olunciug over Uic belt; we iind tliat tlie two Carolinas have continued on the downward scale. Alal^rcs^rwirVinrtp" cSKSldcrafcie improvement. Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana and Tennessee show some advance, while Arkansas has added greatly to her former good condition. Texas, however, has just about held her own and fears are expressed in this latter State of a threatened drought. In some localities worms are mentioned. Tlie bulk of the crop east of the Mississippi is, however, backward, and therefore dependent upon favorable conditions from now on for the maintenance of present prospects. The condition of the crop by States is as follows: Virginia, 80 per cent.; North Carolina, 76; South Carolina, 71; Georgia, 80; Florida, 84; Alabama, S2; Tennessee, 91; Arkansas, 97; Mississippi, 84; Louisiana, 82; Texas, 98. The average for the belt is 85.4, against So.5 last month and 97 last year. C'roj) Reports from Washington. Spring wheat returns at the Department of Agriculture for August 1 show an improvement in the condition in Iowa. A small decline in Wisconsin and Nebraska, and a heavy reduction in Dakota. The causes of deterioration are drought and chinch bugs. Heat has been excessive in many districts that have produced a fair yield notwithstanding. The harvest is two weeks earlier than usual, and the quality usually good except in sections where a heavy loss from blight has occurred. The general average of condition is reduced from 83.2 to 80.1. At the time of harvest last year the avenge was 86. Part of the loss last season occurred after August 1. As the present harvest is already nearly over, with improving meteorological conditions the final estimate cannot be much further reduced. liie present average is ninety-seven tor Iowa, instead of ninety last month. No less than twenty-five counties, each producing from two hundred thousand to one million bushels, report the condition at one hundred or over. In Minnesota there is an increase ironrseventyeight to eighty. The reduction in Wisconsin is from seventy-five to seventytwo; in Nebraska from eighty-three to eighty-two, and in Dakota ::rom eighty five to sixty-two. Winter wheat previously harvested not reported this month. COTTON. The cotton crop has suffered from wet weather in all the States east of the Mississippi and in Louisiana. The average condition has been reduced from eightysix to eighty-one. The average for Virginia is seventyfive, North Carolina seventy-four, South Carolina sixty-seven, Georgia eighty, Florida eighty-six, Alabama seventyseven, Mississippi seventy-iine, Louisiana seventy-five, Texas eighty-eight, Arkansas ninety-six, Tennessee ninety-five. There has been slight advance in Arkansas. The decline is heavy in the Caro linas. COKX. There lias been a heavy decrease in the condition of corn since July 1. The average, which was then ninety-live, is ' reduced to eighty-one. The heaviest ' decline is in Illinois, "Wisconsin and ; States west of the Mississippi. In the ! Eastern and Middle States the condition L is well maintained. It indicates a crop not much exceeding tweenty-two bushels ; per acre, though future conditions may ' increase or decrease on the ultimate yield. MINOR CROPS. The average of spring rye is eightyeight. [ There has been no material decline in oats, the average being eighty-seven. I Barley has maintained its condition, , and nearly an average crop is assured.. ; The condition of buckwheat averages : ninety-four; tobacco eighty-two; pota toes eighty-eight. Si. JV7clwbus tells of a dog that can count. ' -o... i -a ------ out it can t equal a cai m running up u ' column.?Texas Riflings. And many people have seen a snake that is an adder. TKE FAMOUS "BLUE LA Wis." fconiething About Some Ancient Enactment* of Old Connecticut. (From the Boston Roccrd ) These laws -were enacted by the peo-1 pie of the "Dominion of Xew Haven,| and became kno'.vn as the Blue Laws be-1 cause they were printed on blue paper. ! They were as follows: j The Governor and Magistrates con-1 ! vened in General Assembly are the sn [ preme power under God of this inde- J pendent dominion. From the determi-; nation of the Assembly no appeal shall! be taken. No one shall be a freeman or have a vote unless he is converted and member of one of the churches allowed in the dominion. Each fre'emar. shall swear by the blessed God to bear true allegiance to this dominion, and that Jesus is the only Mng._ _ 2s o dissenter from the essential worship of this dominion shad' be allowed ! to give a vote for electing of magistrates j nr nr?v nfhfir officer. Nonfood or lodging shall be offered to a heretic. No one shall cross a river on the Sabbath but authorised clergymen. No one shall travel, cook victuals, make beds, sweep hous,-?, cut hair or shave on the Sabbath day. No one shall kiss his or her children on the Sabbath or fasting days. The Sabbath day shall begin at sunset Saturday. "Whoever wears clothes trimmed with gold, silver or bone lace above 1 shilling per yard shall be presented by the Grand Jurors, and the Selectmen shall tax the estate ?300. Whoever brings cards or 'lice into the dominion shall pay a tine of ?5. No one shall eat mince pies, dance, play cards, or play any instrument of music except the drum, trumpet or jewsliarp. No gospel minister shall join people in marriage. The magistrate may join them in marriage, as lie may do it with less scandal to Christ's Church. When people refuse their children! convenient marriages, the magistrate shall determine the point. A man who strikes his wife shall be fined ?10. A woman who strikes her husband shall be punished as the law directs. No man shall court a maid in person *U? 1 -C-n rf ur JJJ' ItJLtUJL WILJLLUllt \j Kf UAi-LAAXJ.;^ 1/iiw sent of her parents; ?5 penalty for the first offense; ?10 for tlie second, and for tiie third, imprisonment during the pleasure of the Court. Gotham's RoolV. The roofs of Ne w York are very interesting. Much tliat would never have been suspected by a stranger in the streets goes on upon the aerial platforms above the heads of the masses. From the Brooklyn bridge I have seen that topmost stratum of the city fairly alive with people on a fine autumn evening. On one roof were to be seen some shop girls waltzing to the music of a concortirain the hands of a young man seated ' Sn tJio" raided Willi * top bctw--eri house and the nexk-^ffffoS^w!^? party of children filling the upper air with the melody of their singing. Over yonder were two lovers, hand in hand, talking earnestly, and so in one place after another were to be seen persons wiser than :Jieir fellows, seeking the quiet and comparatively pure air above the uproar and stagnant asmosphere of the lower stories and the streets. A year or two ago being invited to dine with some Cubans I had met in their own land, I went to their address in the neighborhood of die Central Park, and was shown up by the sen-ant?where do yoa suppose? To the roof. The Cubans understand the science of biking every advantage of tlie open air. If they do not do so on their native isle they would all cook, like so many loaves in a baker's oven. I found the roof where this family had gathered a place unique among the housetops of New York. An iron frc,me work enclosed the great sheet of tin. and from its posts was hung a pi'etty awning of blue and white striped canvas. In hanging baskets and in great pots were broad-leaved tropic plants, and ;;wo or three birds in pretty cages swung: among the ilowers. A complete set of :tumiturc all of cane or wicker work, ex sept the table, completed the appointments. There were rockers and easy chairs and settees of split cane in which to loll and lounge and read and sew. There, in a delightful breeze that kept the ribbons of the ladies all a fluttering, was eaten a dinner that I would not have exchanged for any that was served in any hot and stiffy dinning room in the city on that night. I'mvillins Lingerer* at Cburc!:. A very painful scene occurred in a village near Liverpool on Sunday week. It seems that the church has lately been undergoing repairs. Among other im provements a new coat of paint was placed on tlie pews, foHowed by a coat of varnish. Tlie result was most pleasing to the eve, but unfortunately, the varnish had been applied so late in the week that it had not time: to become hard beiore Sunday, when the congregation flocked to their sears. No apparent inconvenience was suffered until the clergyman was about to deliver the benediction, when the congregation were horrified to find that they were unable to stand up?they were, in fact, glued, or rather varnished to their scats. Their spasmodic efforts tc rise were most distressing to witness. In vain did the clergyman exhort them from the pulpit i to resignation. They were seized with a kind of panic, all the more J rightful because they were for the moment powerless. At last, but what seemed to be a simultaneous and herculean ierk, thev managed to tear themselves from their sittings; but at what a sacriiicc! Tiic pews were literally covered with Sunday apparel. Shreds oi silk, lawns, calicos, broadcloth and cashmeres were left as souvenirs of the tenacity of varnish used in beautifying that church, and the Lapices congregation, rushing from the door, hurried homeward with an expression on their faces as though their hearts were even more severelv rent than their garments.?Liverpool Post. Wiiat Was Han^in^ on Hie Lose. "Say, mister!" exclaimed a newsboy, as he stood on the shady side of Third street and addressed " a well-dressed young man who passed along the street; . "dere's something hanging to yure leg!*' The young man stopped. With his cane he brushed down his trousers. Not Ending the expected article, a thread, or something of a similar character, be nervously drew his hand over the garment on/1 o-cwl inn t,rOlisers' le?* VC2TV . suspiciously. "Is it still tliere, -my boy?" asked the young man. "Bet yure life it is, don't you see it hanging to yure leg?" "2so," replied the young man; "what is it?" "Why, it's yure foot; ain't that hanging'to yure leg?"? St. Paul Globes* W il \ I" lilijU I.^iU ljrc.fi uviio. Doctors Weciare that it Causes Serious Bronchia! an<i Oilier Troubles. (From the Nef York Star.) In the thousand and one shops sprinkled through the narrow streets of this city, where youngsters buy lollipops, where boys invest their savings in base balls and cigarettes at a penny apiece, and where the young ladies of the tenements p;irchase the latest yellow-bound literature, there is always for sale a substance known as black chewing gum. "Whether it is done up in spangled tinfoil, or resplendent in gaudy tissue paper, or decorate i with parti-colored ribbon, it is txiil black chewing gum. It is made r/fmprnllv out of refuse <?um arabic?stuff tliat cannot be used in~ the apothecary shc;c and is Havered variously with the ch- at/', of cheap extracts, licorice, wintergreen, peppermint, or, more usually, one of those poisonous flavorings that are compounded from acids. The manufacturers cut a huge slab of the gum into quadrangular pieces about the-size of a domino. In cool weather the bits are friable and break easily; when it is warm, they have the consistence of a piece of idea rubber. It is surprising how much of this black chewing gum is used. A little girl gets hold of a penny somehow, and she cannot get to a shop quick enough to buy some of it. She chews and chews and chews on it, her jaws working as regularly and vigorously as those of a Fourth of July orator. If she has a wish to show particular favor to her five-year-old sweetheart, she gives him a morsel. The young ladies who devour the yellow bound novels devour gum, too. They place a fragment of it l>etween the hindermost of their pearly teeth, and while their souls go out to Elvira in her prison, or their hearts flutter in sympathy with Edgar de Montmorenci in his attempt to carry off the heiress, they don't forget to chew that gum. Young beaus, the loaders in tenement house society, chew it, too; for the men who make it advertise that it perfumes the breath and lends the mouth the odor of a new-mown field, also that it aids digestion and clears the voice and is a harmless and beautiful substitute for tobacco; that it is, in fact, a penny bit of ambrosial food for the gods. It isn't. The physicians of Amsterdam, N. Y., have just declared in solemn conclave that the practice of chewing this black gum is most harmful and j pernicious. They have traced directly to it innumerable cases of sore mouth and sore throat that they have treated of late. Their brethren of the medical profession in New York agree with them, and not only condemn black chewing gum, but all chewing gam of whatever color. The physician who has charge of the throat dispensary in one of the largest hospitals in New York said a few days ago: "Day after day patients, nearly all girls between 8 and 18 years of age, come in here and complain that it hurts them when they swallow, or else that their mouths sting when they drink anything warm. On examining their throats I find the delicate mucous membrane marked here and there with little in"The Havering is usually poisonous," | replied the doctor, :iund by its constant | presence, iu however small a quantity, | it sets up an inflammation. But tlie ' habit is otherwise pernicious. The untiring motion of a gum chewer's jaws provokes a superfluous How of saliva? just as if there was alway? a pinch of salt on the tongue?and wears out the saliva glands. Gum chewing retards digestion. If a woman fills her stomach with water or saliva she drowns the gastric juices; also the interminable attrition wears out the teeth, and foreign flavor by degrees renders the breath more and more disagreeable. The practice is bad in every way." THE SE\ EX SLEEPERS. A > Isit to the Cave in the Hirak Volley, on the Afghan Frontier. (Frcm 1 he Pall Mall Gazette.) TTnlrHnc our lighted candles between O ?<_> tlie palings of the wooden screen which debars nearer approach to tlie sleepers, we were shown some cloths on the floor, apparently a rough common sheet with a dark-colored fringed cloth above it, which was said to cover the sleepers. We asked if it was allowed to look tinder the cloth, but that, they said, was impossible. Even they themselves, they said, knew not what was there. One man had once tried to look and was immediately struck blind; but that if we doubtedj "there (pointing in the direction) was the dog and the deer and hawk." Holding the candles to the right we could then see indistinctly something looking like dried bodies of some rnimals propped against the wall. They were very small. The first, said to be the dog, was about a foot in height, and the deer a few inches higher, but it was impossible to .say in such light what animals they -were. The bones of the legs were visible?in fact, the dog's legs had fallen off, which rather told against its being asleep, but the body seemed to be covered witli dry skin; and yet on the strength of these relies, some twenty families of Sayeds are kept in comfort and live here on the contributions of pilgrims with, in addition, as much land as thev require free of anv rent and taxes. Xo "Classes'' in Cremations. Another thing they manage better in France. Any one so fortunate, or unfortunate?as the case may be?to die at the end of August, can direct his cast-oil coil to be disposed of by the simple aud natural method in one of four crematoriums costing 350,000f. Price, 12a., with absolute equality, as is most fitting in the accompaniments of death. There are to be no "classes" in cremation, at any rate. Already artists and goldsmiths and bronze ca'sters are preparing to surround the new method with the old pieturesque and beautiful :md the Parisians are thank ! fill, as ibcy well may be. for the lx)on I that is U'lViCu them.?Pall Mall Gazette. Srclaiiii an J "oland. ! This integrity of empire doctrine is no j new tiling. The Russians have for : years applied it to Poland. They have | murdered Poles, transported * Poles, j and perpetrated every atrocity upon ; Poles, iin-^iaus, nut Poles, they say, i must7 e masters i,. Poland. And" what ! has been our own verdict on Russia? | That the Poles have a right to resist. In \ the case uf Ireland the entire civilized | world outside of England is against us. ! Our colonics are against our brutal poli| cy. Ho, too, aie Scotland and Wales, j The real truth is this: The privileged i classes are afraid of the advance of j democracy. Their object is therefore ' to divert" our attention from domestic i reforms by fanning animosities of race, j This was long the policy of Austria, i whose reforms were staved oil' for many [ a year by setting race against race.? ! London Truth, Why He Waa -\ot Popular In South Carolina? j Some Facta About the Campaign of "SeventvSI*. (F. W. D. in The Sunday News.) The "Sage of Grammercy Park" was not a favorite in South Carolina. Indeed, so far as there "was any feeling on the subject, it was one x>f distrust and aversion. This was due to the manner in which South Carolina was treated by Mr. Tilden in the campaign of 187(3. Mr. Tilden had no expectation whatever that this State could be carried by the Democrats, and was averse to the straiglitout movement. There were electoral votes enough in sight, he thought, to make him President, without any help from South Carolina, and there is good authority for saying that Mr. Tilden had no doubt of the result, "if South Carolina would only keep quiet." But South Carolina determined to make an heroic effort to throw off the > ? .? a ?i?x. political yoh-e, uuu wxmt juu iuc uc^iuning seemed impossible was, in a short time, well within the bounds of probability. It should have been evident to every dispassionate observer that nothing was beyond the reach of the white people of South Carolina, united as they were, and animated with one purpose and one hope. Nevertheless, Mr. Tilden gave the South Carolina Democracy the cold shoulder. This caused considerable irritation in the State, and engendered the idea of voting for Hayes and Hampton. Bv this plan a considerable number of colored votes was obtained for General Hampton, the Democratic candidate for Governor, in exchange for white votes for the Republican candidate for President. The Democracy of the State felt that they we::e deserted by the leaders of the National Democracy, and made the best bargain they could on their own account. Towards the end of the canvass Mr. Tilden seemed to realize that he had made a mistake, and promised to contribute the enormous sum of ?5,000 to the Democratic campaign fund. A draft for this amount was accordingly made, and was discounted by one of the Charleston banks. Mr. Tilden, however, failed to provide for the draft, and it was ultimately paid out of money raised in South Carolina. This story concerning the draft and its fate comes to me from an unimpeachable source. _It will be remembered that General Hampton was eiectea uy u majority ui 1,134, while Colonel Simpson, tlie candidate for Lieutenant-Governor, had a majority of only 139. The majority for the Republican electors in this State was 964. It is very evident from these figures that the electoral vote of South Carolina could have been secured by Mr. Tilden, if he had sustained the Democracy of the State in their efforts, and had given them, in the canvass, the assistance they desired, anu to which they were entitled. But he did not realize this fact until too late. After the election it was proposed to buy one of the Republican electors. The whole history of the negotiations will probably never be known, but it seems to be reasonably certain that one of the lot.oi3fere<^^^sg^^vote for Til to South Carolina to look over and ascertained that this could besS* complished, but the money was not forthcoming. Mr. Tilden rehed upon Oregon, and let South Carolina go. The Republicans heard, in some way, of the negotiations which were in progress and were considerably alarmed. It is said that, when the Electoral College met, one of the Republican electors took a pistol from his pocket and announced, with an oath, that he would blow out the brains of any elector who ventured to vote for any other persons than Hayes and Wheeler. C. C. Bowen was credited with this exploit. At all events, the electoral votes of South Carolina were given to the Republican candidates. Mr. Tilaen, as I have shown, literally threw away the election. South Carolina's electoral votes would have given him a majority, without the vote of Louisiana and Florida of which he was robbed by the Returning Boards. Besides this, he earned the ill-will and dislike of the people of South Carolina by his attitude towards them at the time of their successful struggle for deliverance from Radical misrule, The feeling of the people was well expressed, four years later, by Gen. James Connor, who was in the thick of the political battle of 1876. "When the effort was made to foist Tilden upon the Democracy in 1880, General Connor said openly that it was better to be beaten with Bayard than to win with Tilden. There was never any doubt of Mr. Tilden's ability, especially in money-making, but in South Carolina he had but few enthusiastic admirers, for the reaenne T Viot-a orrron Tilata tens on idea that Tildes, lacked nerve in a political crisis. Is it to be supposed for a moment that Hancock would have allowed himself to. be defrauded of the Presidency as Mr. Tilden was? -Sot a bit of it. General Hancock would have opposed any compromise of any sort, and would have appealed, if necessary, to the people of the country to place ln'm in the office to which he had been elected. It was the conviction that Mr. Tilden lacked courage that made Southem members of Congress willing to acquiesce in the Eight-to-Seven Electoral Commission Bill. There was hope for South Carolina and Louisiana upon the installation of Mr. Hayes, and the two States made the most of* the situation. Much, too, as Mr. Hayes has been abused, it should be rememoerea mat it was during nis term of office that the Southern States began in earnest their recovery from the ills and losses of the civil war. There was j little room for improvement during the Grant era. When King Stork gave place to King Log there was assurance of peace and order, and the Southern State? moved forward with a rapidity which was surprising to even their own people. A White Child Born in Ala*Uc. The Moravian Church officials at Bethlehem have received letters from the Moravian missionaries at Alaska, dated at Bethel, February 16, stating that all are well and in good spirits. The wife of Rev. W. H. Weinland gave birth to a baby girl on January 10. A Delaware Indian baptized it. JLhis is the nrst civilized white born in that latitude, and is the object of much attraction among the natives.?Allentown Chronicle. Remarkable Mortality. Within 10 months all the Democratic candidates for the Presidency since the war, with the exception of Cleveland, have died. Gen. McClellan died Oct. 20, 1SS5. Gen. Hancock died Feb. 10, 1SS6. Horatio Seymour died Feb. 12, 18SG. Samuel Jones Tilden died Aug. 4, 1SSG. And T. A. Hendricks died Nov. 2~>, 1SS.1 There are two Democrats living who have been candidates for the Vice-Prcsidency?Pendleton and English. The most serious drawback we know ol is a fly blister between the shoulders. As an American He Fought the Duel and Killed the Caban. Soon after the Cubans were compelled to surrender the Yirginins to Uncle Sdfrt1 I landed in Havana as the agent of" an American agricultural "works, says a writer in the Detroit Free Press. Fortunate for me in this case I could chatter away in Spanish with any of them, an i though I was bora and reared in Ohu; I was supposed to be an Englishman. Had I given out that I was a strftighthaired Yankee the chances of beiug mobbed or knifed or shot, would have been excellent. The feeling against Americans was so very bitter that one from the States was liable to insult and violence on the public streets. I had been here about a week when an ? American named Charles Whitley, from Michigan, arrived with his wife. "Whitlev was an invalid, and he had come to Cuba by tlie advice of a physician. 1 remember liim as a tall, pale-faced and extremely courteous gentleman, while die was a ?ittle bit of a woman who was all hope and sunshine. It so happened that I made their acquaintance the first day they landed, and I felt it my duty to warn Whitley of the feeling entertained against our nationality. My advice to Mm was to keep close for a time and to carefully avoid being mixed up in any discussion of a public nature. He had been there a week without anything being said to liim, when one day, as wo sat in the hotel reading room, a couple of Cubans who spoke very good English came in and took seats near us. There was r o doubt in my mind from the first that they meant to draw "Whitley into a. trap. They began by abusing and maligning Americans and wishing for war, and when he persistently refused to take notice of them one of them deliberately turned upon him and said: "Havana is no place for such as you." "The gentleman is an invalid," I replied. "But he is also a Yankee," continued the Cuban. "Our Government should not permit them to even land on the island." Whitley's face grew paler, and he bit his Hps to keep back the hot words which wanted to come, but he made no reply, nyi- - 1 ? ~i.w?A V\A /\v\ nVkwno j.nt; larger <JI uie iwu nicu, nuv ed to be a native fire eater, waited for a moment, and tlien rose up and said tothe Michigander: "All Yankees are cowards! I insult you! Demand satisfaction if you dpe!" "I do demand it!" answered Whitley, in a low voice. "You evidently want a. duel! You shall have it?" "Good!" hissed the other. "My friend here will arrange the details with your friend. You have more courage than I thought for." He walked away with a nod to me, and was followed by his friend, who promised to return in half an hour. "You can't mean to fight him?" I inquired of Whitley when we were alone. "But I do. He insulted me as an American, hoping to provoke a duel, and as an American I will fight him." "But your health?""Never mind my health. All I want is to keep the aiMr from my wife until it is over with. Arrange to fight him tomorrow morning." "With what weapons?" %l(J^^ajjhada sword in ! Choose pistols, horcvCT^^Rowenough j to sight and fire one, and I must take i my chances." There was no doubt that the man was an experienced duelist, but the more I argued with Whitley the mere determined he was to fight. Under all the circumstances it would have been no disgrace for him to refuse, but from the very first his mind was made up. Suck affairs are easily and quietly arranged in Cuba. When the second 'returned, we settled on pistols for weapons, and he was kind enough to say that he would arrange for a surgeon to be present. We were to be at a certain spot about four miles distant at a certain hour in the morning. The fellow was a pink of politeness, and I carried the idea that I had been mixed up in several affairs of the sort, and that my principal was not a green hand on the field of honor. I did not see Whitley again until we took a carriage in the morning to drive to the grounds. He was calm and selfpossessed, and on the way out arranged with me about sending Ms wife home in case of his death", and provided for other emergencies. The little woman had not received the slightest hint of what was on the tapis. We found the other parties waiting for us, and the details were . speedily arranged. The men were placed fifteen paces apart, and it was understood that they were to fire until one or the other was killed or wounded. In case either was wounded and wanted to continue the fight, the duel should go on. The two pistols were loaded and handed to the principals, and the awkward manner in which Whitley held his made the Cubans smile. I had told him how to stand so as to present the smallest possible target to his opponent, but as they took their places I was horrified to see him present his full front. It seemed as if any one who could sight a pistol must bore him through at the first fire. He^was a trifie paler than usual, but lie | stood firm on Ins feet and was in good nerve. Tlie word was finally given?one, two, three, fire?and both" pistols were discharged at once. I was looking at Whitley. I saw a piece of cloth from his should fly in the air, and as I turned my gaze toward the Cuban I saw the latter sink down in a heap, as if he had been struck on top of the head. We ran to him to flntl a bullet hole in the center of his forehead, and he was stone dead. His bullet had chipped Whitley's right shoulder, but without drawing blood. I never saw two men so dumbfounded as the surgeon and the Cuban's second- It was r> mi mite hr-fnvp fliAv r>nnlri ta^Iita the disaster. Everything had been fair and according to the code, and nothing remained for us except to return to the city. Whitley was very calm and selfpossessed; neither astonished nor exultant. ' What spot did you aim for?" I asked as we rode homeward. "None at all," he replied. "I ; had both eves shut when I pulled the trigger." " _ The Mind and the Leg*. Men generally cross their legs when there is the least pressure on their minds. You will never find a man actually engaged in business with his legs crossed. The limbs at those times are stnughter than at any other, because the mind and body work together. A man engaged in auditing accounts will never cross his legs; neither will a man who is writing an^articlc, or who is employed in any manner where his Drum is acnveiy engaged. \\ lien at work in a sitting posture the limbs naturally extend to the iloor in a perfect straight line. A. man may cross his legs if he is sitting in an ollice chair, discussing some business proposition with another man; but the instant he becomes really in earnest, and perceives something to be gained, his limbs uncross quick as a iiash, he bends forward toward his neighbor, and begins to use his hands.