Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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? n* . .. I - _ I "" [ VOL. XLII. WINNSBORG, 8. C., WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 5, 1885. . NO. 1. I A Fancy From Fontanclle. Tha Rose in the srarden slipped her bud. And she laughed in the pride of her youthful ? blood, ** As she thought of the Gardener standing by? "He is old?so old! And he soon will die. The full Rose waxed in the warm June air, And she spread, and spread, till her heart lay j&H bare; A n/1 okrv I.i.?.Aa>1 /vnM *r>lAn cKa KOOW? wmg uu rue iau^:icu wee U^vav ?utu his tread? "He is older now. He will soon be dead!" But the breeze of the morning blew and t found That the leaves of the blown Rose strewed the ground: at|_L And he came at noon, that Gardener old, ( AUd bC ttiem softly under the mould. * And I wove the thin? to a random rhyme, For the Eose Is Beauty, the Gardener Time. ^5 ?Austin Dobson in July Century. ?????? X M1\T nv HOXftR. Colonel Skerrett, Major Marsh, and -j" Captain Pickering were silting in their room at the Hotel Anglais, Paris. They were Americans on their travels, all three rough-looking down-easters, who x had gone through the worst fire of tho civil war. Dr. Yicaire, surgeon'in the French army, was standing Iq front of . . them, regarding them with a severe * ^ air. lite* "I come to denounce to you as you . have insult my friend, M. le Lieutenant Foulon. He demand ze satisfaction," said Dr. Vicaire, particularly addressing Colonel Skerrett. "You have kick his uog. You write apology, ver gooL You write no apology, you choose ze? . ze?ah! vat you call 1'arme?ze." "Wecpons," said Major Marsh, com; ' ing to his assistance. Dr. Vicaire bowed. "Apologize for kicking his darned ) cur]" shouted the Colonel. "What did v - it come snapping and barking at my . . heels for? 1 would kick Mr. Foolong himself if he did that." "Ah?' replied the doctor, "ver goot! |r ' Insult additional;" and he - blew his nose like a flourish of trumpets, jjp' _ Colonel Skerrett was as brave a man as ^ ever stood in boots, but besides his conscientious objections to a duel, the cause of quarrel was so ludicrous that be only answered with a burst of laughter. v "Ah!" said the Doctor, calmly, but reddening. "Insult tree." And he took a prodigious pinch of snuff. The three friends looked at each other. Major Marsh took the word. " "My fr5eac* allow me to act for ( him. We have the choice of weapons?" "Yes." "Then I choose them that nature ' provided. Fists?" "Feest!" said the doctor, pondering. "You mean ze-ze? ^ ^ Major Marsh explained in panto ^ 'Sir!" cried the fiery doctor, "you * make ze game of me! I see you after my friend have ze satisfaction." , ""Don't get so hot, now. What do you / say to stuffed clubs in a darkened room?" i?." It took a long time to make the doctor understand this proposition, but when he did he rejected it -with con^ stantly increasing wrath. Captain Pickering suggested a rough-andtumble in a pit?kick, scratch, bite, claw, and gouge. Major Marsh thought an excellent way of settling the diffi, jk v-jf- culty would be for the two adversaries ^ to S? *nt0 shallow water and see which could draw the other. Finally, Colo?gf HBj, nel Skerrett suggested that they should bring a keg of powder on the field;cast * lots; and whichever lost should sit upr on the keg and apply the cigar he had S?i? iust been smokine to a hole in the ke?. r_br. Vicaire lore his Lair and rejected and ail. * said the Major, "it 'pears (' to we that we haven't got the choice ? of wi-upons at all." l\ *-0i 2: weaj?o;., yes! But this is no W0 weapon. S.v??ris. dagger, pcestol, [ . jiuii? zev ail wrapun. Bui ze gouge, / . ..int. I'loimii nr vat vmi r?nl] I . 7." stuff Hups?un, monsieur!" and the | r w .rti.v I>ocior sl.anip.ui with r:tge. p . *Doo;?>r." said lUu Major quietly, k ^ "me ia>i sti.^esfiion of Colonel SkergBBw rett is one that has been acted on, in at least one case in one of the Southern States of America. If your friend * - ~.i4- nn/I r\itt llA Will ft/?? f , WZUltS an UUl auu uui ?? cept the ofier of a barrel of powder un[?a der them conditions- If he don't he is i* ' odIv foolin'with the matter. People Mp" blaze away at cach other here for half an hour and shoot nothing but the pigs. When wc du a thing ia the States we du it." "Sir!" shrieked Vicaire withjjonceaj?. trated rage. "You coward, you pol?\ troon, secirat! I post you in ze cafe, ze hotel. I and my friend whip you witn I j^' ze?eh!?ze whip of ze horse!" an he I rushed from the room, swinging his hat frantically in one hand antl plucking Hp. at his hair with the other. 1& Left to themselves, the three friends WUb laughed heartily. As for the doctors threat of personal chastisement. Major /< Marsh alone looked strong enough to j horsewhip the National Guard if it/ were called out For the posting in th^ cafes they cared exactly nothing. Thev chatted and smoked and were begitf^ - nin^to forget the whole affair. I O O , . . *?**- I?a?. ha nrwfor Qn. J>UC Sa uuui lawi ku^ nounced "M. Lieutenant Poulon!" ' f M. Foulan advanced mto the room, i j bowed courteously to th\ two, and adI dressing Colonel Skerrett, said in perf T? r\ rrl ? c H 4 "I have just seen my friend Yicaire. Possibly he misunderstood. From ? what he told me, I understand that \ you made propositions which no gentleman would make. Therefore you are ^ v no gentleman. It remains to be seen if you are a coward as well. I am * , aware that your last proposition is a' I mode of the duello practiced in some [ . parts of your country. < ?f tnat my friend Vicairc was ignorant Although the practice is irregular, I waive that L consideration, and personally accept your proposal of a keg of powder under |g#v the specified conditions. You will oblige me by naming the time and r piace. "Say to-morrow at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. I reckon the little wood of Plessis, on the road to Versailles, is a JF quiet enough place. I will supply the keg of powder for your use and" you 7 will supply the ouefor mine." "Very well, sir," said Foulon, bow> ing. "1 shall be there. The terms to be rigidly adhered io? To apply the cigar which one had just been'smoking ) . to the open hole in the keg?" i ? "Precisely," answered the Colonel, j 4^ * X prCSUIUC, SU1U "HiU Uil>y?vwwM?| f ' with a sinister smile, "that in any event the service of a doctor or surc geon wili be unnecessary." 4I am sure of that," said the Colonel, ! with a grin. [.? Foulon left the room, and when he gt had gone Colonel Skerretfc said. "I'll k fight this here devil, but I ain't gwine ' v to be blowed to atoms, nor I ain't * 1 * - _ L m gwine to let that there looi diow mm- j self to atoms." The three friends took I measures accordingly. f\ The next day, at the appointed time, the live n?cn, all smoking vigorously, r- were on the ground. Each party had W brought its powder-keg along. " The j Major and Dr. Vicaire tossed up. The Major won. Foulon turned ghastly pale, but walked iirmly to the keg which the Americans hud brought and sat down on it. It was an ordinary cider keg, and Major Marsh knocked out the bun^. All then retired to a ?afe dis-? - * *1.- nftmoinn^ w&DCC CXCUpi tIJU standing by Foulon's side. The latter, down whose livid face the sweat was rolling, took his cigar from his mouth and advanced it, still glowing, to the open bung-hole. "Hold on there," said th.. Colonel, "that ere cigar is lit." "Certainly it is," gasped Foulon, his lips qniwriug in spite of himself. "Well." said the Colonel with a grin, "you bo'nt such :i darned fool as to put a lighted cigar into a keg of powder, be you? When was you born? "Sir," replied the Jieutenaut, vainly endeavoring to hold the cigar motionless in his shaking hand. 'I have given my word that if I lost the toss-up I should put this lit cigar " "Hold on; you didu't say lit." "Well, the cigar I was smoking." "Put it out then." "Sir, you have run the risk that I ran. I have lost, and 1 but do as you would have done. I wiil put this lighted cigar into this bung-hole " J M ".rut in me taaweu-up cuu, iucu. ' You insult me again, sir!'' "Bless your heart! You fire up a darned sight easier than this ere powder ever will. Do you think that I would put the burning end of a cigar into the bung-hole of a keg full of powder? Great Jerusalem?" "I have told you again, and I repeat it, that you are no gentleman. But 1? I am a man of honor. Bah! You shall see me die as one. I keep my promise/^' I'oulon slowly advanced tiie Durnmg cigar toward the opening in the keg beneath. "Go away here, you shall be kill!" shouted Vicaire to the Colonel; but the latter remained quietly beside the victim. Vicaire covered his face with his hands, and waited for the awful moment which was to blow his friend to atoms. There was a dead silence, and then a slight hiss was heard. Vicaire looked up. Foulon, his face purple with rage, was holding his cigar, after repeatedly poking it into the bung-hole. The. Colonel was one broad grin. "Is this powder?" asked Foulon. "Tooth powder," answered the Co lonel; "cost almighty." "But," said Foulon, shakiD" ,.ith rage instead of fear, "if you had lost the toss-up our keg was full of gunpowder. What then?" "I'd haye put the ci^ar out before I put it in," said the Colonel "Ah!" murmured Foulon. "Or stuck in the chewed-up end. Hold on to the terms you know." Foulon calmly walked to his carriage. He and Vicaire hoisted in their ke? of omnnnwrfer and foHowed it themselves. "bir!" shouted Foulon to the Colonel, "I said you were no gentleman. I say now you are a coward." The Colonel smiled. For three days the friends walked about Paris and saw both Foulon and Vicaire several times. They were not posted in the cafes, for the Frenchmen feared the storm of ridicule'which a knowledge of the grotesque duel would bring upon them. Neither were they horsewhipped, for Vicaire argued that they would robably retaliate, and in such a case the whipping would be only a modi tied form of the duel a la clup rernpli. Ou the fourth day after this "duel" the three friends happened to be on one of the large and beautiful steamboats carrying excursions down the Seine. Colonel Skerrett, like a -eonsistent Yankee, as iu the pilot house, watching the working of the wheel. He came down afterward and sauntered back to where his two friends were standing. Near them were no" less' individuals than Foulon and Vicaire._ Neither par ty addressed the other. The boat was in the middle of the river. For a long distance on either side the banks were straight, and the tide was flowing directly down the middle channel. Suddenly arose a cry of tire. A wild stampede of passengers in the bow of the bout was made toward the stern, and Foulon, wiio was standing near an opening in the railing was thrown from his balance. As he was falling overboard the Colonel stretched out his long arm, grasped him by the collar .and pulied him in again. The Frenchman s hat had fallen off. The Colonel nicked it ud. and with a friendlv smile hauuoJ it to his late adversary." Fouiou colored up and said eagerly: Colonel Skerrett, 1 beg your pardon. You aio :i gentleman." In ihe meantime the panic increased. All the bow of the boat was in a bright bl::ze, and the lire reached the pilothouse. The pilot rushed out with singed beard and eyebrows, and the l>oat slowly drifted down the stream. 'i"Ee coloael caught hold of the pilot and dragged him to Foulon. "Sir. said he, "ask this here fellow which b ink is the safest to land on, and tell jue." He says the right one," answered Fouion. "But the boat . can not be managed. The wheel must be on tire." Without a word of reply the Colonel plowed his way through the shrieking crowd, leaped up the steps of the pilothouse and seized the wheel. There he stood, the flames roaring about him, the crowd shrieking beneath him, steadily steering toward the right bank. Toulon shuddered at the exhibition of sim pie, superhuman courage. The bank was reached. The crowd, selfish arid crazed with foar, rushed to land. Tne Major and tho Captain struggled up the burning steps of the pilot-house, followed by Foulon and Vivaire. They dragged tho Colonel out through the flames, bore him to the bank, and applied restoratives. He was less injured than might have been supposed, and at length opened his eyes. "Oh, Colonel Skerrett!" cried Foulon, with tears in his eyes, "your parncrilnni Von are a brave JVUI. rT , man and a man of honor." "The Colonel," said Captain Pickering, can swim like an otter. He could have crossed the creek a hundred times without stopping." "Fists," said Major Marsh, "are no weapons, perhaps. Well, pistols are. The Colonel can knock the center of a fire-cent piece spun in the air at fifty yards." "I will never fight a duel again," murmured Foulon. "And I never call one man ze coward for not fight of 20 duel," said Vieaire. "Is all the women safe?" asked the ColoneL ?Frederick W. Avory, in Tkc Inter Ocean. ? The three men in England who pay ' * no&Aaor%A VoItIA ftf C2fcxes oa iuu liigticdt. .?wv ? personal property are (riles Loder, ?15,000,000; Rictiara Thornton, $14,j 000,000, and Barou Lionel Rothschild, j $18,500,000. - - - v -. -. I LITEKARY LIFE. Conditions of Literary Elf? to Kngland and America. The conditions of the literary life in America are less determined than they are in England. The only organization within which authorship may. be sjiid to find substantial shelter is journalism, and this profession is so exacting and so inimical to most forms ot literature, that those who have most serious thoughts of the literary life are rather desirous of escaping from journalism than of using it as a vantage-ground. It might seem at first blush as if the universities and colleges would offer a desirable fastness from which to send out ventures in literature; but the academic life is a somewhat sterile one; it is with us so iden tinea witn tue peuagogic that the energies of the professor, if they movo the production of books, are most likely to be occupied with the tools of the profession. Textbooks in abundance issue every year from college faculties, but very fuw contributions to humane literature. The academic life again is so specialized that even the professor of English literature rarely produces work upon which his successor or associate may comment. His attitude toward the subject of his teaching is too critical to allow him mucli freedom of mind, and he is besi les so conscious of his posi tion that he is undermined in his resolution, and rendered abnormally sensitive to the criticism of others as well as of himself. The constitution of the English universities, on the other hand, directly encourages and sustains the literary life. This is not to say that literature in its freest expression is not there, as . here, outside the walls of the college, but that a man of literary taste and ambition may deliberately possess himcifnotinnc unll VM. aOUUVUiiV ?* U*vu ?. make it possible for him to lead a literary life, free from fret and earking care; and also that the prizes for scholarship offered by the universities distinctly suggest to the student literary occupation. A man, in other words, with fortune enough to secure him a university education, may hope to win Fellowship which will demand only slight academic duties, leaving him free to devote himself to literature; A f>fn/Unf rl/HfAfn/i fIrtO CT wVlft UliU. <1 aiUVAWJh wvr '? ?v . falls into such a place will, by the very force of his own nature, be urged into literary production. Thus the university, by a provision which enlarges the seope of university life, is more than a training-school for immature minds; it is a society of scholars, and as such, directly encourages and sustains the iiterary life. The university, however, is not the only English organization which fosters literature aud makes a vantage-ground for the man of letters. As it is demonstrably more efficient in this respect than 'its American congener, "so the civil service of England has offered a more convenient shelter for the litterateur than the same service in Amcricx Our government, indeed, has not been slow to reeoguizo authors, but it has been chiefly in the way of rewards in diplomatic service for those who have already won a certain distinction. Now and then, notably in the ca?c of the New York Custom House, government offices have served as means to hardworkiug literary men, but the general insecurity which has hitherto attached to this employment and the peril to one's sclf-respect in seeking appointments have hindered such men from counting upon this resource. One of the probable results of a service organized upon the merit system is the attraction to it of men capable of clerkly labor, but chiefly ambitious of literary fume. The freedom from concern which enables one to lay aside his business ruind, like an oiliee coat, when the clock strikes three, and don the literary habit, is especially necessary to the calm and cheerful pursuit of literature. Such a state of things exists in London to-day, and may be confidently predicted of Washington, New York, auJ oilier cities, in the near future?lu 'y Atlant c. London Society Leaders. Lady Marian Alford is the leader of one of the most exclusive sets in Loudon. She is a devoted hostess of royalty. The Marchioness of Lorae has her own occupations, is a passable artist, and with her husband leads a steady, respectable, relined, dignified existence. Lady Hayter is the embodiment of the genius of liberalism. She is one of the best dressed women in London and gifted with all the graces of a born KnehAQQ. Lady Salisbury is placed at the head of those feminine leaders who "have attempted to create a salon, but hers is a Tory establishment, and she has been known to pique herself on never having crossed a whig threshold. Lady Molinsworth has one of the most eclectic salons in London. She knows and has known everyone worth knowing in London for hal? a century. She has an inborn aptitude fortheLondon dinner party of from eight to twelve persons. Lady Lonsdale, who .was recently married again, might become, under proper auspices, a social center of real political power. She has the gift of receiving guests with grace, dignity and ease. But her attention and interest are difficult to fix aud her perseverance is not equal to her natural ability. Mrs. Napier Higgins is writing in England a history of woman in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,' showing that the decay of chivalry, the rise of the new learning, ana the progress of the reformation marked an age in w&ich woman was more influential in politics, society and thought than she had been before or has been since. Mrs. Gladstone is the elderly incarnation of guileless naivete?the matronly essence of impulsive simplicity. She is to appearances all artlcssacss; but) in her way, one of tho cloverest women living, becausc, in spite of over half a century of semi-public life, she has nnvpr onmmitted a real blunder, and her aplomb is as remarkable as her discretion.?Netv l'orb (Jraphic. A Charleston merchant says: "The long staple cotton raised on the sea islands of South Carolina seems to be very little in demand. Few planters have sold their last year's crop. This class of cottoacswaa^aE^i^jrcsed to adulterate sill^Ut^.aliyyn&^the demand for it ha^ceSsedf^nff ho one is able *^Basro%.for-it ;-i*feroughi 40 cecta a ponodi. n>or& tIian. fQUEitySe3 as much ^"?K'e:oriJfhary:cotEon.^ac?c^" uy tae ^gw-aja^T tigyruxv^._?iTii .tmiri Jt-, can be nsed fortitBatdJandrxjUier pdr~roses-aimost as trell .as-"iEc'loog'stapte. doi>lt &B<svthi?&^omg?to'hwt(>TSe ''Of our sea- istand" f Uratefs" Tifitess'1 tfcfey: can Sffd"s^mof usw. "tBeir yield, now^^tfe^-'sSS ^iSTifectiirera ffsrwwi ^nniftiiitncr^faijaoeff SoiUdSll* ' 11 r-ite tlieir ^oq^vsliUV---: ::& German Customs. A correspondent of the Brooklyn Eagle, traveling; in Germany, writes: It was a warm, still, summer Sunday?tt often seems as though nature was more peacefully disposed on that day than on others?when we sallied forth to scale the Appolinarisbcrg. This hill is crowned, with a four-tow cred Gothic church adorned, with frescoes. Some-sort of.religious feast day w as-being observed op the Appolinarisberg. PSgrims,, yho haaui the place and have done so; /ainee Appolinaris's head was buried.here, were ascending the road in their best attire, and bowing and kaeeliag at the stations ot~ttto cross placed beside the way. . ^ Flags fluttered about the terrace that the church stands on, and crowds were entering.the edifice. We stepped in, glanced at the finefrescoes, heard the organ* and would Jiayc attended & little of the service it &ih&n had not crept up to us and expressed a determination to have-fees. Wo concluded then that the Rhine was better worthy of our atten U<JD. *ees BYcrjnuoic. -vu, vav oftbeto! In chcrehes, in galleries, in' palaces, in museums, in railroad stations, in restaurants?fees! fees!; fcesf! You pay tbem to the army and the navy, the clergy-reach for them, nobili^ -atfd cyeih^Djralty: sends, its l?wSkeys after theiu^.guides porters, clerks, landlords,, loungers,, tram .hands, po ilCCXUen, unvois, wu^Luius uim/ci o:? confound the beggars! . Peasants were gossiping about ,the terrace, looking.so picturesque and-so like figures'onjt of the grand opera.in their Sunday dress that we hall unconsciously put our hands in our pockets to pay for that exhibition, too, but we were not assessed. On the contrary, they made way for us beside them on the wall that pre-, vented visitors from rolling down the. steep hill into town, and then stared at. our modern clothes as curiously as we iOOKUU at kUUli IjUaiUl, uuiiuuuouuic costumes. There was a spring up there, toot and nobody on hand to collcct fees from the drinkers, so the Undaunted who thought it Appolinaris water, and who surmised that the barkeeper in attendance had stepped in to hear m#ss and was liable to emerge at any moment and charge him half a dollar, drank himself almost into an illness. There was a reason, nowever, for this seeming abnormal thirst In Europe the water is generally bad, and ice is to be had by none except the ricb, so that beer and wine, being good and cheap, are common drinks, as tea is with us; but for real thirst there is no such pallative as water, and beer and wine seemed only to augment our ; drouthy condition. Whenever we found water that was not green with stagnation, yellow with drainage, or gray with mud, wo imbibed it wiih the tremulous eagerness-: of topers. There is good water in the, Scotch hills, the Welch mountains, the English lake district, some of the Khenish highlands and the Alps. We found it bad elsewhere, and no trouble se ms to he taken to purify the supply of the towns. Among the things that, we tenderly dwelt upon when, far from home and friends, we talked of joysj that awaited our return, were ice water and pie. Water is regarded by J^urupeaii?nut uvciy tva ~<x>d iof^washing ^urp6$e$,~TVtmT as to pies, he is as ignorant of that seductive viand as ho is of buckwheat cakcs, sherry cobblers, or political liberty. Police Court Pirates. Hanging about the doors of police courts may always be found a set of follows who make a living by preying upon the unfortunates who are arraigned and their relatives. Women knowinsr nothing of the ways of courts are easily persuaded that some devious method can be used to release their friends. Often when the prisoner might be released on payment of a trifling line, or even by a friendly word spoken by almost any respoctabic person, the simple-minded wife or sister is cheated out of hard-earned dollars by the shark who gets twicc tho amount of the line for pretended services in getting a man released. It is a common thing for these fellows to take money in cases where there is not the remotest chance of their rendering any service. Most people that go to_police courts do not know that the only offenses tried there are those of intoxication and disorder derly conduct For the more serious offenses the power of the magistrate is confined to ascertain whether there is probable cause of guilt, and then either discharging the acc used or holding him for trial in a higher court When a prisoner is once held for trial it is beyond the power of the magistrate to let him out Yet it is a common thing for the police-court pirate to tate money on. the pretense of attempting to get a man out after he has been fully committed for trial. The pirates will tako anything they can get Sometimes they are satisfied ? fnw <>iUHncrq nndur nretense of TV 4 UU M 4Vf? ? calling fri?-mls. The t; .i practice in the police courts is i-. ;irst take the prisoner before the clerk, vvto prepares the papers for the signature of the justice,! so that when the prisoheris arraigned thfe disposition of the case is speedy. Strangers often wonder at the celerity with which cases are disposed of, and justices are often censured for their speedy disposition of cases involving sentences of imprisonment for six months or more. The fact, is, however," that the sentences by police magistrates to imprisonment are always accompanied by an alternative of paying a fine. The payment oi a nne prevents the imprisonment. In cases of commitment of disorderly persons to the island there is an alternative of bail or surety of good behavior. One alderman or saloon-keeper is often surety for many persons thus released from confinement. The prisoners thus bailed out are presumed to be committed for fvimol Affonc^c Anlv V V. &41) 1. UiTMU vm.^. ?- ? - Tw... The light of the sun is estimated to equal in quantity 1,575,000,000,000,OoO,000,000,000,000 candles, the light's intensity at the suu's surface being 180,000* that of candle llamo, 5,300 times that of metal in a Bessemer converter, 141* times- that of a calcium light, or 314 times that of an electric are. The temperature, according: to Rosetti, is about 18,000 degrees Fahr. The mechanical equivalent of the solar onnfinilftllv ftotina. is nearly 10,000 horse-power per square foot of solar surface. ^ ; " The Yale College statistics for the .'class of '85 show that the average expenditure for the course of four years "per man has been $3,262. Thirty-six :have spent over $1,000 a year, while "several, with scholarship assistance aamintra hftVfi Tint ST?ent that ftiivi -C ' amount in four years. Altogether that "class has earned $16,770.slnce.en?ering, seven J>a7ifljjr "xade over $1,000 apiece. I ' ' The Seven Day's Fijrht. " ?? ? From Gen. Longstreet's contribution Co The Century War Series, in the July number, we quote the following: "The Federals withdrew after the battle, and $te next day I moved on around by the IVtlLU wuiuu iL UiU piupjauu nru ouv/ixxix take the day before. I followed the qoemy to Harrison's landing, and Jackson.went down by another route in advance of Lee. As soon as we reached tfce.front of the Federal position we put oat ocr skirmish-lines, and I ordered aij}~advance, intending to mako another attack, but revoked it on Jackson urging me to wait until the arrival of Gen. Lee. Very soon Gen. Lee came, and, ajter carefully considering the position afitite enemy and of their gun-boats on ti& James, decided it would be better ttyierego any further operations. Our skirmish-lines were withdrawn, we ordered our troops back to their old lines fiftsnd Richmond, and a month later .yflttj was withdrawn ?o . Days'.lighting, although ajigjiided Confederate victory, was a s^S?^sion of mishaps.: jU^Fackson had amved^on the :26th??the day of his o^a selection,?the Federals would hjive been driven back from Mechanicsville without a battle. His delay there, erased by obstructions placed in bis roid by the enemy, was the first mishap. He was too late in entering the light at Gaines's Mill, and the destruction of Grapevine-brklge kept him from reaching Frayser's Farm until the day after that battle. If he had been there, we might have destroyed or captured McClellan's army. Huger was in position for the battle of Fravser's Farm, and after his batteries had misled me ioto opening the light he' subsided. Holmes and Magruder, who. were on t&o;.2Jew Market road to attack the Federals as thoy passed that way, failed Co do so. ?4,Gen. McClellan's retreat was successful} managed; therefore, we mast ?zm Hi. x? i?: n (JlCUlt iui Utiiug Wliu juauagcu. He-had 115,000 men, and insisted to the fothoritieS at Washington that Lee had 260,000. In fact, Lee had only 90,000. $en. McClellan's plan to take Richmood-by a siege was wise enough, and ^would have been a success if the Confederates had consented to such a programme. In spite of McClellan's excellent "plans, Gen. Lee, with a force .inferior in numbers, completely routed him, and while suffering less than McClellan, captured over tep thousand of v?s men. Gen. Lee's plans in the Seven Days' Fight were excllent, but were poorly executed. Gen. Mc.*Clellan was a very accomplished soldier and a very able engineer, but hardly equal to the positicm ot neia-marsnai as a mniiary ghfeftain. He organized the Army of tfie Potomac cleverly, but did not i^andle it skillfully when in actual battle. Still I doubt if his retreat could . Ijpiye been bettor handled, though the sear of his army should have been more positively either in his own hands or in wc hands of Sumner. Heintzelman ?<Sr<?seU the White Oak Swamp prematurely and left the rear of McClelian's - Vl *1 KaATC -?rlujr eipyscu, wuigu nuuiu uaic utm L&tal bad Jackson come up and taken ipart in Magruder's affair of the 29th Bear Savage's Station." Professor?BscTKicjr ^txsnt?Ckrxo Harvard. Professor Langley was born at Roxbury (now Boston). August 22, 1884. Like many another Boston boy, he was sent to the Boston Latin school, where Latin and Greek and little else was taught. Latin and Greek was reputed to bo the sum and end of learning, and Harvard college seemed to show dim perspectives of. more Latin and Greek- It was na wonder that young Langlcy, whose geuius lay in quite another direction, should look about him, after his graduation from the school, to see if there were not some practical way in which he could pursue those mechanical ani astronomical studies that already had fascinated him. He had little inclination to enter college, and the openinzs in astronomy proper were very raro in those years, even rarer than now. Since ho was ten years old," he luul been reading and studying astronomy, making small telescopes, using these and others, with various success, but always with ardor. The practical question of how to shape his life was one that he had solved, and a variety of causcs led to his determination not to go to college, but to become a civil engineer. Here at least was a profession whosu basis was mathematical, and in which mechanical tastes and acquirements would have scipe. So the practice "of engineering was begun; special circumstances forced him into architecture, and for some years this was his pursuit. These were dull years, mostly spent in the West, where at that time there were few opportunities to display any real ability in this special calling.?Professor E. ?>'. Holden, in Popular Science Monthly for July. A. Donkey Goes XJi> IVith a Balloon. If I were lo tell you that I saw an immense balloon once go up on Chestnut street, witli a live donkey hanging below the car and a man on the back of the animal, you would probably think I was yarning it," said a baldheaded friend to me yesterday. "Tell it to me for the present generation," I replied, "it was nearly thirty years ago. Balloon ascensions were quite common then in Philadelphia. We had a nmnber- of local aeronauts?the Wises,-P users, Sang? and Donaldsons ? * A ^Ai>aS/yn ULIU CVUiJf UUVD lU. Or }TiUiO %k ivi uu professor would arrive in town and make things lively. Where Frank Siddal now has his office on Chestnut street, above Tenth, was located Parkinson's famous gardens, and it was from there that the balloon ascended with a live donkey attachment. The long-cared little fellow never kicked as the balloon slowly ascended. Ho was strapped, arounu. me oouy very securely and as he arose the band played, the people.shouted and laughed, and the man on his hack, who, I think, was one of the Puseys, took off his cap and waved it to the crowd a thousand feet below. His donkeyship was evidently frightened almost to death. He arched his head and neck to one side and looked downward while he went heavenward. He sailed away to West PhilaHalnhin snmowlipm nnH down all right with his rider after reaching an altitude of 8,000 feet"?Philadelphia Times. . Mrs. Sniverlv is the wife of the Captain of a New York militia company. She attended a review not long since at which her husband was the commanding officer. Mrs? Saively laughed all the way home, and when, after she got home, she was asked what was the cause of her merriment, she replied: "It was the funniest thing in the world to see my husband, who never dares At-Lcu* Kw mnntK of- Knm<i nrtlnrinc all I V/^TVU UM UiUUVU MM _> those men about, and they doing just I what he told them to do." JEWS AS FARMERS. Three Han<lr?Ml Russian Exiles Who Are Doing l'retty Well in South Jersey. . The colony of Jewish refugees from Russia established three years ago on eleven hundred acres of land near here, writes a Yineland, N. J., correspondent to The New York Hun, purchased by the Hebrew Immigration Society, of !New York, and the Jewish Society, of London, has outlived the hardships of its iirst years, and is beginning to bo a prosperous community. The land is a rolling sea of little scrub oaks, four or live feet high, punctuated with erect dead pine trunks. Scattered here and there among the hills and hollows of the tract the sixty frame shanties in which the colonists live are hardly noticeable. The little patches of field, on which the grubbing up of the oaks has exposed a light, sandy soil that every breeze raises in a cloud oi dust, seem mere occasional scratchings up of the face of the barrens. There are no.strects, no church, no stores, mills, o$ Ivories, nor., any other indication, except We scattered houses, that three hundred ptfoplo are there. Since the first year, when all lived together in barracks, the land has been divided. Each family has about fifteen acres. Each plat cost tho societies from $350 to $400, and the occu pant is to pay for it one-half of the cost. They must pay 3 per cent a year upon this price, and this interest is credited upon the principal, so that they practically have thirty-three years in which to pay for their homes. Under this arrangement the colonists take mors interest in their work, and although they were all natives of cities, tradesmen, artisans, and mechanics, and knew little of farming, they have got their small clearings into a fair /\# j/\r> onH will fViJc VOQ 1? dkilLO U1 VUlill ? UblVU) UUU TV AAA J VMfc raise an abundant crop of strawberries, raspberries and blackberries. These small fruits are all that the land can be made to products profitably. Finding the colony in the wilderm ss is like looking for a four-leaved clover. A query addressed to the open door oi a whitewashed shanty apparently several miles, from anvwhere yesterday: "Is there a Russian Jew colony anywhere around?" brought out a flaxen-haired man. a dark wife, with a red hand kerchief hood-fashion on her head, and two children- Smiles were the prominent characteristic of the group. The man talked English. The rest jabbered. Ye-es-a; thees ees eet." "Are you one of them?" Ye-es-a," with a double-sized smile. How are you getting along nowadays?" "Coo-oom-a een an' see," and the wife and children repeated the invitation in Russian, while the man led off the visitor's horse to a convenient tree. Inside the one chair was carefully wiped with a towel before the visitor was allowed to sit down. The man sat on a bench and contemplated a bowl of milk and some bread on the table. He hoped the gentleman would excuse-a him if he went on with his dinner; he had to get back to work-a. While the wife and children smiled contentedly with reflected satisfaction rif Vinngoo, wniaflihnru ynnrnri ? the door and window, between bites and smiles, in his slow, uncertain En-^ glish, the man said the sixty families in the colony were getting along firsts rate now, with the money they got from their berries and from working for other berry-growers in summer ana chopping wood in winter. They liked the country "ver-a moo-ooch; oh, zo moo-ooch better than een Russia." They were all going to vote as soon as they got their papers. They have no church, but the rabbi holds services around in the houses every Saturday. Their children all go to a district school. The wife-neighbors jabbered apparently approving comments as tnis information was given. When the bread and milk and the information gave our, the whole party stood out side and smiled as the stranger drove ) away, the wife insisting on shaking hands as she said: ,4Coo-oom-a-a age-e-en!" Further on a slender, dark colonist, with a brogue like Villain Macavi in "Called Back," said ho was a cloakmaker, and couldn't farm; so he got cloaks from -Philadelphia and made them up. All he and his family could earn was $1.50 a day. "Wo-ould I like to go back to Roosia? Oh, wo-ould L" he cxelaimed, in answer to a question, and then his English gave out for ? (tDn/) ?VVIA?*A lcU /I A m/% AAn ATTp" a ITUllCt TliUlC JJU UW> AUV-V\'UWJ * he resumed. "Ah, no! I shall die here! ye shall all die here! And ve are vroom de cities!" And the maker of cloaks looked mournfully away over the scrub-oak loneliness and went back to work. The owner of the sole mill and store in the vicinity said that the colonists were doing well considering that they had been ignorant of agriculture. They were orderly, honest and industrious, and would make, he thought, good cit mi aI. lzens. xney never quareiea witu uieir neighbors, and rarely amon^ themselves, and always paid their debts. American Moths. A bird's-eye view of our continent shows us the elevations of the Rocky Mountains and parallel spurs in the West, and the Alieghanies in the East. Mountain-ranges stand in the way of the spreading of moths, which perish in the cold atmosphere and the storms which gather about the rocky summits. Our faunas can be unaerstooa Dy studying the formation of the land in this way. Over the vast plain east of? Colorado the same kinds of moths generally prevail. The valleys in the HV est, on the other hand, contain a majority of peculiar spccies or kinds, often more local in the East. In New York we are cut off, again, by the Alle^hanies from many species which are plentiful in Ohio and Indiana. Our tropical wanderers come to us up along tne coast I have met, sailing on the Gulf stream, flights of moths, mostly of a few kinds, which fell on the rigging and sides of the vessels in great numbers. In the autumn, on Staten Island, I have captured specimens whose true home was Cuba and Jamaica. Although small faunae, or limits of particular species, are traced by nofnrTlrcfa nnr mountain-rano'es are the best general guide as to the changes in the sorts of moths which we may expect From Ohio to Louisiana we meet much the same kinds of moths, with a difference in the rarity of certain species, and in the presence of others dependent on particular kinds of plants. But, when we get into the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, wc shall have taken leave of the most of our dusty-winged eastern friends. Some kinds take the voyage with us completely across the continent, but these are comparatively few in number, and are sometimes lmost cosmopolitan. ? Professor A. B. Grote, in Popular Science Monthly. I ATTAR OF ROSES. An Account of the Manufacture of This Costly Substance. The following account of the manufacture of this interesting substance is condensed from a paper in the United States consular reports. The annual nrndnot in the district referred to reached three tons in 1873-4, selling for $500,000. In 1883-4 the product was 4,600 pounds, but the cost of manufacture has been greatly increased in recent years and it sold for $625,000. AVar of roses is produced on a large scale in the province of Koumelia, on the southern slopes of the Balkans, and it is only the attar of these districts that is of any moment. Small quantii*-" in Tn/lio ? rtr? Pnroifl ill^d LliC ^IVUUVUU 1U AUUtM UUU A. V4W*??) but they arc used for home consumption, and the same is the case with the attar of roses produced in the south of France, which, although of good quality, forms only a very small part of the consumption, of these producing places. The attar of Tunis is of the best quality, but the quantity produced is comparatively small and tho price high. Very little is exported. The attar produced in Boumelia is made by distillation from rosa dariascina, whose color is, as a rule, bright red; it is sometimes, but rarely, white. Tf ic not vorv full ?is n. flower, and bldOms in May and June. The rose trees, when full grown, reach a height of about six feet, and arc planted in rows. They have to be tended very careful from the autumn to the time of gathering. The flowers when in bloom are plucked before sunrise, only in such quantities as can be distilled on the day they are plucked. The distil liag apparatus consists of a plain tinned still, from which a long curved tube is directed through a tub filled witii fresh water, and empties in a big bottle. Several such apparatus are usually standing on stone hearths, by the side of each other, and, if possible, close to a brook in the shade of trees. According to the size of the apparatus, tiie still may hold from twentyfive to fifty pounds of roses, on which about double that amount of water is poured, and is boiled hriskly for about half an hour. The distilled liquid is collected in the bottle that stands at the mouth of the cooling tube, and the attar of roses, which separates from the water aDwears on the surface, I where it is skimmed. The distilled water is again used for distillation, and constitutes ultimately the rose-water which enters into trade. After a sufficient quantity of attar is produced it has lobe totally freed from the water, and is kept in copper cans, tinned both on the inside and outside. The rose trees attain their maximum producing capacity in their fourth year, say from 2,?00 to 4.000 pounds per acre. They arc very sensible to cold; fogs and rain are also very fatal to the blossoms. But the yield depends most upon the weather during nine 01 aistu- i lation; the latter lasts sometimes ten days only, when the weather is warm and clear, whereas it may require a month and more if the sky is cloudy, especially if rain falls at intervals. In the first case the yield is almost always unfavorable, as the roses are blooming at the same time, and, as there is no fjrwp tr> frotVior nml irr.fl- tlinm Hin odor of the flower soon vanishes, and the yield in attar is much less in conse<"rn?nr./> cn flint. /i.OfiO to 7.000 DOUnds of leaves arc needed to give one pound of attar. When the weather is favorable and the buds bloom gradually 2,500 to 8,500 pound of leaves will give one pound. Pure attar of roses when distilled with due care is at first colorless, but soon takes a 3-ellowish color. No certain method is known to detect falsification. Admixtures of alcohol for the purpose of increasing the freezing ca nnnitv. or admixtures of sDormaceti. neither of which, at least in the wholesale trade, is now resorted to, are, of course, easily detected. But the most important falsifying medium is oil of geranium, which some dealers order even at Constantinople to be sent to Kyzanlik, to be distiled over again with rose leaves, and to mix with attar of roses. Moderate additions of this oil defy detection. The surest method of testing is bv smell, but it requires much training, and can only be acquired by many years' patience. It is still a widespread belief, although an erroneous one, that the quality of the attar of roses corresponds exactly with the degree of its freezing capacity. "The "stearopten," which is the freezing agent of the attar, is devoid of any smell whatever, and has. therefore, no bearing on the flavor or the purity of the attar. A certain freezing capacity is, it is true, one of the claims which one may lay on really good attar, but this only because the admixture of other essential oils has the effect of lowering the freezing point The attar sets at 52 degrees to 63 degrees Fahrenheit, according to the quantity of stearopten contained in it; it sometitnes, but exceptionally, congeals at a ? el>AWC uigiier tcuipciuLiiic, m iu&u feathery, transparent crystals, filling all the liquid; specific weight is 9-87 at 67 degrees Fahrenheit. Attar made in the highest-situated Tillages is, as a rule, considered of greater freezing capability, and of more intense, but harsher, flavor, whereas the produce from the plain shows a lower freezing point, and is possessed of a sweeter and finer flavor. A tliat f/i 1 drt *ntto ~*ii. t-VHiW/t -4-1 w uiwwv* Little Ernest, a small boy recently emancipated from kilts, walked into the nursery one morning, and was quite disgusted upon finding that it had not been put in order for the day?one of the rules of the house being that no playthings should be brought out until the'sweeping was done. He left the room for a short time, and, finding matters no better on his return, ex claimed impatiently: "Well.^ hasn't this room been sweeped yet?"' * "Why, Ernest," said hismolher, "doyou think that is good grammar?" "Ob, well, then," said he, "has it been swopen?" ?SL Nicholas. The superstition which associates the dog's howl with the approacli of w nrohablv derived from-the I J ? Aryan mytnology, which represents a dog as summoning the departing soul. Throughout all Aryan mythology the souls of the dead arc supposed to ride on the night wind with their howling dogs, gathering into their throng the souls of those just dying as they pass by their houses. I knew an old fellow out West who had mortgages on a whole town?a small town ? who made it a condition of his loan that the buildings should be painted red. That was a funny-looking village. There were about thirty houses and stores and a large iactory ana a Driage--au reu. The people in neighboring towns made lots of fun oyer it and the place was finally known, as Hedtown THE NEWS OF THE STATE. Some of the Latest Sayinjrs ud Dolnj* in South Carolina. ?The Edisto River is repported to be in good fishing condition. ?Lancaster wants a steam fire en- * If gine, ana unarieston oners ner one, with a hose reel, for $1,200. * ?Over 350 carloads of watermelons have been shipped from Williston, m Barnwell county, so far this year. ?Mrs. Eveline Wilson, a pensioner of the war of 1812, died last Saturday near Reidville, Spartanburg county. ?The Bank at Johnston, Edgefield county, is now an assured fact. Almost enough money has been subscribed -1 J__ aireauy. ?There are many fields of cotton near Greenville, from which the proprietors expect to gather over a bale to the acre. ?Fannie Harri?, a pretty seventeenyear-old white girl, has been lodged in Greenville jail on the charge of breaeh of trust* > ?Billy Roper, of the Trenton secKrtr 4-rrvr\r*4-T? rtAw nuiij iiao twcni/j avito ui unu uwu which he will certainly gather six hundred bushels. Mrs. .Tames Smith, of Aiken coonfy, had her collar-bone and three ribs broken, on the 23rd nit., by being thrown out of a wagon. ?The hands on the Savannah Valley Railroad are wording energetically, and in two months' time the track will be laid to Mt. Carmel. ?The upland corn is booming in Spartanburg, and the prospect is that nnf. mn^h rvirn trill he shirvnp^ ? rom the West next year. ?It is now proposed to bnild another railroad through Edgefield; from * the Charlotte, Columbia & Augusta Railroad, at or near Johnston, to McCormick. ?Mr. "P. KfonTi^mcrm r\f T.tnMiL ter, lost his dwelling, kitchen and the contents of both buildings by fire, on the 17th ult. Loss about $1,600; insurance $800. ?A detachment of the colored National Guard of Charleston expect K to attend the funeral of Gen. Grant. The citizens will be asked for funds to meet the expense. ?A correspondent of the Keowee Courier says the Blue Kidge Bailroad is an unseemly carcass standing in the way of live enterprises, and demands the repeal of the charter. ?Mr. Thomas Eeid, of Abbeville, was so badly hurt by being struck in the eye with a piece "of rock, which he brcke off while hoeing, that he went to Atlanta for surgical relief. ?Mr. Will Sapps was struck by lightning, on the 26th ult., in Lancaster county, and Lum Vaughan, colored, on the 27ih, in the same section. Both men were paralyzed for a time. -The citizens of Walhalla are very angry because the result of their pri? m.irv election for postmaster has been ignored and somebody has induced the , Postmaster General to'appoint another man. ?Tom McCardell and Lee Clinton, iiae&E?' ? remarks made by one relative to the wife of the other. The case was compromised. ?A mad dosf in the nieghborhood of Tylersville, Greenville county, last week, attempted to bite a child, bat only tore' her dress. He bit several animals, however, before he was overhauled and shot dead. ?Senator Wiugard aud Representatives "Rrnnker and M-moniarri attended the farmers' meeting at Lexington on Saturday and aided in the organization of the Lexington County Agricultural and Mechanical Society. -r ?The Spartanburg District Methoaist Conference, at its recent meeting at GafTney City, adopted a formal protest against free tuition at the State College. The district embraces Spartanburg, Laurens and Union. ?Quite a number of Lancaster's progressive farmers have begun iii an experimental way to cultivate grapes wiiu iiic view ui liia&jug vtiut; iui market, and tbose of them who have giveu their vineyards that attention which they require have met with gratifying results. ?The Episcopal church at Lancastor, which has been closed for some time for the want of a pastor, will likely be opened at an early day. A plan' is on foot for uniting with the church at Yorkville and calling a minister for the two charges, his time to be divided between them. ?Five carloads of lumber for the Greenwood, Laurens and Spartanburg depot have arrived at the Spartanburg and Union depot. A squad of hands are ready to begin work. The idea of a tramway from the Air Line has been abandoned and they will lay the track from the other end of the road. ?Mr. Jame? F. Hunter, of Lancaster, who lost so severely by a recent -? fire, met with a series of misfortunes on the 28th. His little child was seriously injured by a fall; Mr. Hunter was suddenly taken ill and had to be carried home; and his horse ran away , ?i ana aasnea nis ouggy to pieces. ?: ?Jim Caskev, colored, who bad been speaking disrespectfully of ladies ! iu Lancaster, was taken from his house by a party of masked men, whipped severely and ordered to leave the county j which he did. The maskers went to Lee Clinton's house /or a similar purpose, but he had decamped. mt_ _ . a x? l xl M ?xne eaucauuuai uuuuuk au jwiuu is more encouraging than it has been for mam- years. Mr. C. A. Woods has raised the handsome snm of $4,000, in shares of $100, to be paid in two instalments, 011 October 15 and January 1, to buy a lot. erect suitable buildings and the hiring of a competent corps of teachers. tSXE ?P. A. Harmon, of Spartanburg, 1 x. 1 !_ _ U1 A wisnes 10 Know now Jtong a aigmsnu terrapin will live. He cat his initials in two places on the shell^of one on the 20tb Jnlv, 3870, and Sunday, the 19th ult., he came across him again, looking as young as eyer. He was not more than thirtv steps from the place where he made "the inscription fifteen years ago. ?Cowpens, Spartanburg county, is excited over an attempt by Henry Whittaker to abduct Kate Stalling', a girl of fifteen. The girl's hrother and the prospective groom and a friend threatened each other with knives and two attempts at marriage were frustrated. Whittaker's brother went to whip out the Stalling* family, but was arrested. Ten warrants were issued during the affair. Young "Whittaker is hiding out.