The Fairfield news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1881-1900, July 15, 1885, Image 1

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" WINNSBORQ, 8. C.,-WEDNESDAY, JULY 15. 1885. ? , ?i ?u?bb???mm?? 1 Spring. (After Hood.) Hail. Sprinjr. thou gentle Spring! | (! feci a. draft coining:through this floor.) The birds their poults of welcome sin?; (I told you once to shut that door I) Ail nature hails thee with delijrht. And seems to smile that thou art here: The brightest things grow still more bright. (Who'd think 'twould snow this time of year?) I bid thee welcome once a;mln. When thee I greet I bless the day; Cold winter row will not remain. But in thy presence fade away; The trees ali bloom on the hillside nigh, The grass grows green on yonder knoll. I (I wish you'd go down town oy-ana-uy And order a ton of coaL) |pt Come with the fragrance of new-mown bay: BP: The bright green leaves we know you'll And the birds will carol a roundelay r To usher in th^ new-born Spring. Bow pleasant to feel Spring's balmy breath. And its many beauties to admire! (Do you want me to sit here and freeze to death? Why don't you go and shake down the fire?) We know that thou wilt bring us joy; Heliotrope and mignonette. Hoses, and lilies?(confound that boy! Has ht> not brought, that cough-sirup yet?) Come with the bright and sparkling dews. And the sunbeams that make the violets sprout. (And bring me my ulster and overshoesIt is freezing hard, and I'm going cut.) ?i^ck. UNDER A SPELL. A brave, baritone voice was heard among the roses, and the tall, handsome girl, pulling clusters of purple westeria from its vine, could not but . lister' "IC? wen co "oc gallant and ffay, 'Tis well to be tender and true, - lit you'd better bo off with the old love r Before you are on with the new." Maud Darrell curled her red lips with \ heightened color, but did not turn her beautiful head one inch, although she knew John Maddern was waiting for a glance, yet never once turned her face towards the spot where the young \ man leaned and watched her. Was it mere caprice? John Maddern knew that his sweetheart was a little capricious; but beauties were always spoiled, he argued, with a tender v smile. To-day there was a lurking uneasiness in his heart Maud's rich old uncle and his adopted son had arrived the day before. Did handsome Adrian Delafield see how beautiful Maud was? Her cousin, she called him. Cousin, forsooth! That graceful, Spanish-looking fellow, of seven-and-twenty, was no kin to the aged, eccentric, misshapen dwarf, who, rolling in riches, had taken a whim to adopt him as his heir. One would think there would be a ruffling of feathers at the intruder.sinee Maud had always been considered Martin Delafield's Heiress, but how the intruder had disarmed all resentment with his smooth tongue and charming manner! "Who was the good-lookingfellow?" he had heard him ask Maud. With an air of quiet indifference, Maud had replied, without a tinge of tell-tale color: "Mr. Maddern is one of our old neighbors." <5ld neighbor indeed! He had been wild about her ever since the Darrells had come to the "Lilies." There had only been stately Mrs. Darnm^ga^g&ithe sweet, dying girl Ada, at aS^ircffscrvan is. lie had never known what ailed Ada jj^ Darrell, but she was fading,like a flower, from day to day. Before the year ended the young sister was called from school to the funeral. He had been commissioned by Mrs. Darrell, with whom he was a favorite, to meet her at the train. What a flashing, impetuous, dazzling young creature she was! They had softened the blow for her. She did not know that her lovelv sister, Ada, need * . ; i.i ^ _ r i ea. no anxious muugui vi uci juuug heart; but her pitiful ignorance made his heart ache "while he wondered at her beauty. When he saw her again the bright impetuosity was'gone, "the young face clouded with weeping, but the charm the girl Had cast over him stayed. He loved her. . .< Adrian Dei afield did know that Maud was beautiful, having good eyes and a taste similar to most men's. He surveyed the dark, lustrous eyes ancT peachy cheeks quite at his leisure, and it was he who put it into Martin Delafield's head that Maud must go to the Rhine with them in August. Maud accepted the invitation with a girl's love of novelty, and Mrs. Darrell consented. The trip was to be made as extensive as possible, and Adrian Delafield was the most delightful of companions, knowing the legend of every ruined caetle, the best hotels, and the loveliest . * views; * * <- * 1- T . " >>aca days GienjoymenE, sucu nouis of sweet surprises", Maud had never known. She could not be insensible to the gentle deference, the gallant protection constantly offered her; and since 'the trip gave Adrian Delafield, in the accidents of travel, every advantage, the chances grew fast in his favor. The lover present hid the lover absent from her view. And at eighteen, perhaps, women are apt-to be inconstant Step by step the man of the world advanced, until he believed he needed only her promise to make Maud his own. > They stopped one day at an old farm house, with quaint, diamond-paned VT JJUVA.U ** Her uncle and his adopted son had gone to make sure that their beautiful carriage horses would receive the best of care. Suddenly the wind-blown boughs of the door-yard cherry-tree parted, and let a shaft of sunshine upon the diamond panes of the window, aDd Maud saw writing there, and rose to read it. Scratched by a diamond were the names, "Adrian Airlie" and"AdaDarrell," and a date was added. The room reeled around, but the evidence was before her eyes. Her host ?a . garruious German?strolled into the room' and observed her occupation. "Wonder if the guadige Hcrr remembers writing those names. 'Twas nigh three years ago. I knew him again directly. You are not like the other fraulein. She was smaller and fairer, though not any better-looking." Two shadows had paused in the doorway, as Maud turned. Yon would not have known the girl, she was so white and stern. "Your name?was it Adrian Airlie?" ? , 2*o aaswer; but there was guilt in the man's face. "Yes," said her uncle, "his name was Airlie before he took mine." Tor one little moment Maud looked into the shallow, shrinking black eyes. Then she turned away, disdainful as a princess, and without another word, left the room. One evening John Maddern strolled sadly into the garden of the Lilies. A tall girl rose up from a rustic chair. "John!" she cried, gladly. Soon they were wajking arm-in-arm. "I never told you, John, but my sis tor Ada died rr a brofcen heart. Long ago, when lcv mother was estranged from her parents because she married against their will, we lost father and mother, and were left unprovided for. "Ada was but sixteen. ?>he went into a ricii family as governess, while I was tossed from pillar to post by indifferent friends?a troublesome little imp they said. ' It was there that Ada met Adrian Airlie. She was very pretty,then,when in health. They were betrothed. I Poor Ada! So lonely, so loving! "He was only amusing himself. He left her to break her heart. ' - -i- ? J l ? 1 j "i can unaerstanu now uiigm ae ! made life for her for a little while, and j then left her?nothing. Ada would j have lived to be happy, but for his selfishness aud cruelty. When I mink that I might have loved him, it seems as if I should die of shame! "Thank God, I found out before too late! John, if I have given you any paia, will vqu forgive me?" And John Maddern knew that the girl that he took into his arms was all his own. Mountain Air. One of the best qualities of mountain air, that which makes it so delightful to the weary denizens of the plains, is its freshness, and the higher they go the fresher they find it Swiss savants have ascertained, bvmanv observations made at sundry Alpine stations, that for every one hundred and forty-three metres of altitude the summer temperature of their mountains diminishes one degree centigrade. The two great advantages of a mountain climatc are the freshness of the air and the intensity of the sun's action. The second of these influences as touching the human organism is no less important thcin the lirst, for the solar radiation penetrates our clothing, comes in contact with the skin, and acts on the blood. A few weeks' stay at a height of three thousand or four thousand feet above the sea-level brings back color to the pallid face and dyes the cheeks- a healthy brown. But young women, sometimes even young men, instead of exposing their countenances to the healthful action of the light, shade their faces with hats and cover them with veils, as if the complexion most to be desired is of that deiicate and unwholesome tint which comes of lute hours and indoor life. Where can you liud handsomer men than the ruddy-faced, dark-eyed Urner Strass jimann, who, in the days before the bis: tunnel, used to keep the St. Gothard road free from snow, and spent their lives at an elevation of from live thousand to seven thousand feet above the sea. Their complexions were finer than that of any fashionable ! beauty who ever reigned in a ballroom or shone at a court. Another peculiarity of mountain air is the relatively little moisture which it contains. As we go higher the humidity diminishes in a ratio more rapid than the pressure of the atmosphere. When we reach an c.ltit.vi<3A civ tVinncnnrl VmniJrer? feet we have below us one-half of the total amount of vapor our atmosphere is estimated to contain. The hygro"metric condition of the air at "these heights is subject to rapid changes. A -fog<- with- its cold and damp. xc-LLl often. be dispersed in a few minutes by a whiff of warm air. Local causes may, however, render some mountains moister than others. Tor instance, the monks of the great St. Bernard do not complain of the cold?that they can keep away?yet they suffer so much from rheumatism caused by the clouds that roll almost constantly round the Hospice, that after a few years' service they are compelled to go down tc Tdartigny to recruit their health. Bnt Mont Jou, from its position, is much exposed to the action of the south wftid, which comes charged with mois ture from the north Italian plains. How Long We Should Sleep. The latest authority on this vexed question?Dr. Malins?says tbat the t?t t\r\a-r rfmnnnt tr> hp liv y'T1" - r ? T a man is eight hours. So far as regards city life, the estimate is probably correct. Proverbial wisdom does not apply to modern conditions of social existence. " Five (hours) for a man, seven for a woman, and nine for a pig," says' one proverb; and a second, quoted by 1 Mr. "Hazlitt in his English Proverbs, declares that nature requires five: custom allows seven; laziness takes nine, and wickedness eleven. These conclusions were, however, drawn from observation of country life. Physical fatigue is more easily overcome" than intellectual. Which o: us when traveling over the country or abroad, or in any way separated from the ordinaty process of thought and anxiety, has not found that he couid, without dilliculty, do with a couple of hours' less time than he was in the habit of taxing? Men, however, who follow an intellect uai pursuit are exceptionally xuriunate if the process of restoration occupy less than seven hours. More frequently they extend to eight or nine hours. Kant, I see it stared, took never less than seven hours. Goethe owned to requiring nine. Soldiers and sailors, on the other hand, like laborers, do with much less quantity. I am afraid to say how much the duke of Wellington regarded an essential. A schoolmaster under whom afc one time I studied, a hard-working man at the acquisition of languages, proclaimed loudly that he never took more than five hours' sleep. The hour at which he rose in the morning gave some color to his assertion. Only in after life did I discover that a two hours1 postprandial siesta was not included in that allowance.?New York Mail and Express. The Tramp's Outlook. Soon shall I lie upon the pleasant sward, and feel the apple blossoms blow down on me in sprays of pink and white. I shall hear the birds making love on the budding limbs and carrying the straws from yonder meadow to make their cosy nests. And at night I shall crawl under the haystack and fall asleep, looking at the twinkling stars and hearing breezes rustle among the vines and cattails. A draught of nature is the best draught out when you can't get any other. How sweet, on a fresh, bracing morning when Phoebus is gettingin her biggest licks, to steal down the perfumed meadow and purloin the milk from the unsuspecting cow! Therefore I shall hang my boots upon my staff, and start for the country just as soon as the winter passes aud the poet begins to take headers down the editorial stairway. How my heart goes out to nature in all its varying forms and conditions! I love an autumn landscape, with cows in the brook, and a hunter in the background looking down the barrel to see if it is loaded.?Fuck. A New York man advertises troches for dogs, which are guaranteed to make the breath of poodles and pugs as sweet as Desdemona's. I EDUCATIONAL. The Question "How to Study"?The Conditions and Methods Ably Set forth l>y l'rof. Harper. | New School Rules in Sail Francisco.?Controllings Children without the Kxcrcise of Physical Force. HOW TO STUDY. The following points were prepared by the writer for the use of his school. Many of them may be profitably enlarged upon by the teacher. Thousands fail in all departments of labor and enterprise for want of sufficently understanding the principles which underlie success. Many fail, or partly fail, in study for the same reason. But nowhere else is success more important than here. CONDITIONS. 1. The first requisite is good health. Mental labor taxes the energies even more than physical. A reasonable amount of exercise, plenty of nourishing food, pure air. and an abundance of sleep are uidispeniaoie. ac tne same time mental, like physical labor, is in itself healthful; and "even those whose health is not vigorous will not only be injured, but many even be benefited, by a moderate amount of it. 2. Success comes to no one without earnest, diligent, and patient effort. "There is no royal road to learning." Do not expect it. 3. Cultivate a love for study. The great truths of science and the treasures of literature are -worth all the labor it can cost to possess them. To even half appreciate them will give study a constant attraction. 4. Let your school work have the first place in your interest "Ye cannot serve two masters." Your evenings should never be spent in such a way as to make it difficult to do good work next day. 5. Never yield to discouragement. To succeed anywhere requires courage and perseverance, and all have their times when things do not look bright. If it is hard to attain excellence in one study, in others it will not be. Labor omnia vincit,?the phrase, too, dates i i fa. UUCtv to ICli 11IUU Ui IUU ilLUJlCLi L5, tlUU. lias been found true ever since. 6. Do not worry about results. Those who are really diligent and persevering will always "pass," and with I creditable rank; they will also constantly gain power to d> wetter. METHODS. 1. Do all work thoroughly. Without the spirit of thoroughness it is only a question of time when you will fail and drop out. of school with more or less aversion to study,?a poor preparation for success afterward. 2. Prepare every lesson thoroughly. In no other way is thoroughness possible. 8. Let your object be to master the subject, rather than the text-book. A WoTc-orn imoo-iniTifr tViof tr/xn r? T? Jk/wn lUV Vi I.UUII J VI* VMM make up deficiencies "any time." You cannot. To plan in that way is to arrange for failure. Every future time is likely to bring even more, and probable more imperative, claims on your . time than the present. 5. Make your time count. Do not spend an hour, as it is very easy to do, on work that might be as well or better done in half au hour. Form and maintain good habits of study: the effort required will be repaid with high interest. Without energetic and self-denying effort, no one has a right to expect success. Study means work, not play. 6. Do not study without thinking. "Read not to believe and take for granted, but to weigh and consider." "To read passively to learn is, in reality, not to learn at all." Kot what you cram, -but what you assimilate, is the measure of success. 7. Subjects in which you have most interest may properly receive more at tension than others. Your success in life" may depend on what you can do in those lines. But good work should be done in. all. * 8. Liberal and "constant use should lie made of all books of reference within reach. "Without this, a high grade of scholai*ship is hardly possible. Occasionally more extended reading than the reference in hand requires will also 'be useful. : \ ~~9. Be alert to acquire general knowledge byjrcading, conversation, inquiry, or observation, as you have opportunity. : Much of-.the most valuable knowledge is found outside of text-books. It is an excellent plan to have a library, however small, and one or more periodicals of your own. The supplementary knowledge thus gained will also make that acquired in your schoolwork more practical and valuable. 1A XT ?:n li t. -LU. JLUUr IJULUbtU ?111 uauunuj either "as much as possible" or "as little as possible." Let it be the right one.?Journal of Education. PUBLIC OPINION. Ought not primary science to have a place in the conrse of study of onr primary schools? What safer method of teaching the eyes to see and ears to hear, and what more important power has man than seeing and hearing??S. W. Journal of Ed. How many of the public school teachers make any use of the newspapers in the school-room? Its educational value to the reading public is universally admitted, but it is not always perceived that, judiciously used, it might be made equally valuable in the public school.?Canada School Journal. One of the greatest.drawbacks to progress in the workings of the schoolsystem is the too frequent change of teachers. Our teachers are perpetually changing. State Supt Jiigbee was recently quoted as saving: "Year by year they come and go, and gain only a transient accquaintance as they hurry by. They seem almost as pedagogic tramps, not teachers." Thelawrecently proposed making it obligatory upon school boards to employ all competent teachers for a term of three years, would in a measure correct this evil.? Teachcr and Pupil, Media, Pa. If the advocates of the so-called, and falsely so-called, "New Education" are taken to task pretty sharply, they have no one to blame but themselves. For some time they have had pretty much their own way in conventions anu journals, for those who were not carried away by the novelty of the thing were obliged to wait uniil they could learn wnat ms rftw aoetrine is. An lo! it is cot new,?it is very old. But the coolest thing about it is the bold assumption that everything good is a part of i che new, and everything bail belongs j to the old.?Educational CuU/dnt. j The little ones will be specially de| lighted with the knowledge that a j principal may grant a half-holiday on I Friday, once a month, to the ten in each class ranking highest in scholar: ship and deportment during the pre! ceding month. The new rules say that | principals shall have the power to sus! pend pupils for a period not exceeding | one ween; ana wnere me case, m iueu. j | judgment, merits a greater penalty, J they shall report thefact to the Committee on Bules and Regulations. Heretofore the pupil might be suspended, and be pretty sure that he could be re-instated on the application of his parents to the Superintendent of Schools, who has the -power to annul the order of the teacher, but who 'has now been deprived of that privilege. The rules and regulations of the -present are regarded by parents and thinking teachers as very thorough and excellent.?Sati Francisco Post. A large proportion or tne pupus in the grammar schools end their schoollife before reaching or without entering the high school. Hence the grammar schools are not, and ouo;ht not to be, perverted into merely exclusive fitting-institutions for a speculative standard for the high school.?Supt. W. IF. Waterman, Taunton, Mass. Children can now be controlled without the exercise of physical force, because they find greater pleasure . in stud}$r thjn. in. disorder and mischief. The culture .of the/teachers is so much greater, and the tastes of the children. ; is so much refined, that that which gave inexpressible enjoyment to the children of twenty years ago, is now r looked upon with disgust Forced study and forced order will still further . disapper as our methods of teaching,-g become more perfect In the new edu- * cation more time is given to the study . of the English language and literature. ] This is a distinguishing feature be- * tween the old and the new. Not that less attention is given to the ancient 1 and foreign languages, but the English \ receives quite as much attention and is j awarded a place of at least equal im- < portance with them.?Supt. B. W ] Stevenson, Columbus, 0. The Chicago Board of Trade Clock. , The clock is made of iron, bronze, \ and steel, and weighs ten tons without * the belL which weighs 4.500 pounds I more. The pendulum alone weighs ? 750 pounds. The works, which follow f the plan of the great Westminster i clock of London, are divided into a * time-train, a hand-train, and a striking- \ train. These trains are separate ma- . chines, resting, side by side, on separ- ? ate frames. The time-train simply p keeps time. The hand-train generates the force that moves the hands on the , dials in the tower and in the main, hall; and is set off at the proper time by the . time-train. The striking-train gener-i $ ates the force that strikes the bell, andi^i : like the hand-train, is set off at the, proper -time by the time-train. Each' of these trains is operated by a separate', weight, and the three weights together; weigh 3,500. The hammer that strikes^ the bell was to have' weighed. 12ft; . pounds, but a patent hammer weigh*- a ing only eighty pounds has, been pre** : ferred. The clockwork is below the? ( dials, which are ten feet ten inches in; ' diameter, and the bell is above themf and 250 feet from the ground. The note which the bell sounds is <V and an octave lower than C on tho< added line below the staff. It is very _J musical indeed, but Mr. Drake insist^. j? upon it that the guests of the Grand Pacific did not care 'to listen 'jho. Its ! music all through the night, 'and; thai ' he wouldn't have i&It w^s ^agreed thereffffe to make stwtr"cfi^Sgds in ""the clock as would make it siient after 9 o'clock at night until 6 o'clock the next J wrtwiw/* fr> TXT <1TT if ?a Violipvpri I V"w "?V " ~ that all of Mr. Drake's boarders who have good habits will escape annoyance. It is thought that the slats in the windows of the belfry are much too close together to permit the . sound of the bell to be heard as it should be, and that they will have to be altereu. The manufacturers of this clock say that the pendulum of the clock in Dr. Tyng's church in New York, which they made, has not stopped since it was started, twenty-five years ago, and they see no reason why tbe Chicago pendulum should not vibrate as iong or twice as long without interruption. The Chicago pendulum swings one way in two seconds. The manufacturers say also that a somewhat smaller clock which they have on exhibition in New Orleans has not varied a second since last Spntfimbpr. and that thev will be i disappointed if the Chicago clock varies more than a second in a year. The Chicago clock is called, as to size, a movement No. 20, and is the same in size as the clock, made by the same house, in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, and that cost $10,000, though the Chicago clock contains some improvements over the Philadelphia clock. Made Her Pile. An old woman ^vhose face had been familiar for years about the streets as a beggar had been missing for some 1 time, and the kind-hearted young fellows of the Oil Board, who had known her well, marked her absence. After a ! while she reappeared, looking much younger and free from any crook in her back. Her rags hud given place to a tidy dress of neat. black cloth, and she" nodded pleasantly to old , friends, who hardly dared to believe they saw "O.d Slag" before them. 1 She explained, however, that she had 1 begged for twenty years and had ' saved persistently. 'While going from ' office to office she learned the condition ! of the market, and she had profited by taking turns on her own account "But, . Mag, you can't have enough to live on ; always, have you?" asked a broker, whose mouth was open with astonishment Mag laughed quietly. "Why I not my friend?" she said. "I sail for Europe Saturday, and I propose to spend $12,000 during the year, and : that is not one-third of my incomc." "How old arc you? You look twenty ! T-ao*.o TT/Minn/M. " > 'T too a 3Q lash hirth A IIMW wv *?*W. day. When I was 18 1 commenced to make my way down here, and that was : twenty years ago-"" "With your 1 knowledge of the street," why don't ' you stay here and speculate?" "No, 1 my son," she said, with a smile. "I . am not a fool. I have my pile, and i out I go. I have seen the- rich grow ; poor. I have gone cold and hungry to ' become rich, and now I shall live welL And, if 1 stay here, why, all you boys ; will want to marry mo to protect me, I i suppose. Good-by. This is my last ' day in Wall street."?New York Tele- i gram. At West Ansonia, Conn., resides a 1 lad of ten who was afflicted with a seed < wart on the top of his foot. It was ' very troublesome at times, and he oft- ! > 1 -i a. ?. | en loosenea ms siioe 10 prevcuo wc irritation. On two occasions the wart < had been cut to the surface of the foot, but would soon grow again, each time to larger proportions. A few weeks ; since as the boy was sitting at the ta- < ble eating his dinner, his shoe off, as ; usual, a large pet rooster came in for , the crumbs, and in his haste to get away with as many as possible in a : short time seized the wart. Before the lad could shake him off be with his forcep-shaped beak pulled the wart out by the roots. The wound healed in a < few days and there is no appearance of further growth. < 4 i i 3?j OUR CRAZY QUILT. .-Vjb Authority on Dress Describes tlie Outlook for Next Season's Styles. jffiathers and Birds Give I'lace to Flotrers for Trimming:. THE SUMMER OUTLOOK. ns look beyond Lout into the fashions of the coining season, writes Gara Belle in a recent letter. Nearly all evening dresses will be made with mAr/i /\y locc o TV 17 C f C I Vi U-iUO Vi U1V1V Vi uuu f! Mtwkw that are cut round and sleeveless, or "with a square neck and elbow sleeves. Brides and their bridesmaids for afterEaster weddings, have a variety of materials to select from. Satins in ivory tmts, trimmed with a profusion of pearls and Jace, will, however, be most popularly^yorn by brides, and pale colored tuJIjeK.o'Eef satins by their bridesmaids.- ^Veils of Uul]e fastened bji^bpnch of '- wil,4"'^ip&ts^ ^dafjodils, c&Iomej spring flower will'^e Vorn bx* bridesmaids at sevei^ol^hionable-wecF dings. |S/he veils will . be - short and ^oraftrown from5 the face. Velvet ydll bS largely used for spring and jammer?early for entire costumes, and later in combinations with all descriptions of goods. In colors, greens are especially popular; browns, blues, and the new crimsons are also in demand. Velvet figures on wool, in Oriental or floral designs, and in strides, knd in .contrasting shades, are among the most striking novelties. Surahs, $>oth silk and satin, are shown for combination with brocade matching in color, and showing detached figures often Contrasting in color. Black, shellpink, and Tight blue on almond, fawn, ?.nri crn1rip>n hrnwn shades, are am on or jhe favorite designs. Plain and plaid surahs form another combination, and Hvhere the ground of the plaid matches the plain material they are particularly attractive. Plain surahs and block Resigns come next, the blocks being alternately of the ground color, and of a deeper or brighter tint. White will be the favorite color for wear at the fashionable resorts in the summer. The new cashmerc in shades of white, that are shown for morning wear, are heavy of texture and very durable. They can be washed like pique or other White material. They will generally be made up with a long pointed drapery in front, edged with five or six rows of silver braid. The zouave bodices and round waists of all kinds will pe worn in them, the ordinary basques in these gowns being entirely dispensed with. White goods, however, are in many oases no longer white, but cream, or even in pearl or ecru shades. Embroidered batistes are quite generally of these tints, and embroidered in white or colors. Etamines in cream or light buff, with self-colored embroider}-, are jamnntr tVio r>/YColt.ip<2 ?1Tir1 1 AAt ?1<5 if they would outwear the wearer. It is eurious how much trade in women's apparel depends on their freaks of fashion. I have no means of knowing the extent of the manufacture of improvers," as the pads for bodices hre called, but, judging by the display of the stocks in the stores, it must at onetime have been a flourishing industry. Probably hundreds and hundreds of poor families depended upon it for a fhing^^And now see how, within a Come impoverished by a discarding of their wares by fashionable belles! les, it is the desire of the fashionable maiden of 1885 to be as flat as an infant, and repression, rather than artificial extension is the rule. The idea seems to be that tardy physical development indicates sweet juvenile innocence. . Thus the girls of New York have been transformed, as far as they can accomplish it, into seeming dyspeptics, consumptives, and crushlings?as though cruel fate had flung them down and sat upon them vary hard. A general tendency in all wash goods to cream, buff, and almond tints give a sunshiny look to the counters given to yiem. JLaces are more popular uiuu ever, and are found on all articles of dress from hats to shoes, adorning all fabrics, silk, wool, or cotton, and are themselves made of all materials and combinations of materials. Jersey jackets for spring wear are embroidered in soutache or silver braid, and are lined with satin. Pongees are likely to be popular?the deep-colorod for street and home toilets and for Mother Hubbards. Light colored jerseys have gone out of f?r, ion. White and cream colored ones Inat are elaborately braided are, and will be, much worn with skirts of cashmere or surah. Illuminated cloths come with both rou?;h and smooth surfaces, and arc used for entire costumes. A decided tendency to use brighter colors is observable in this class, but the dots of color are so small and so cunningly mingled, the brightness so hidden, that the critic cannot describe the efi'ect as gay, or even bright, though it is certainly the re verse 01 auii or grave. BONNET TRIMMINGS. Feathers are no longer seen, nor birds, with the exception of the smallest of every sort, that no-tle in soft, mossy chenille nests re*! ug upon small boughs or stems, mi J oilier stems on which arc congregated humming-birds and others of the smallest, known and unknown. Flowers surpass all previous efforts of artists in rivaling nature. Yellow lilies swing golden cups from long, plastic stems; great Guelder roses, jus>t tinted with palest pink; seeded meadow , grasses and purple clover; white and purple lilacs; bunches of silky, flaffy thistles and swamp meadow grasses sparkling with dewdrops; dark, double Parma violets contrasting with the pale single violets; pale, pink-shaded primroses and white violets; strange, wierd orchids; all manner of field flowers, such as the bine corn flower, daisies, buttercups, wild roses, and striped ribbon grasses, are tied together; every variety of roses?velvety pink, white, creamy, red, with dew glistening in their hearts; branches of fiAnflvsTJrtlrIa blowinc fairv horns of vivid scarlet or pale gold dashed with red, and other old-fashioned garden flowers, and the simple Howers and the graceful weeds of the field, even those Saylight stars, dandelions, glinting gold, take the place of the rare exotics' this season. The small gilt square and triangularheaded pins reappear, and are set about the brim of the bonnet similar to those used last season. Long pins with heads of square blocks or filligrec are thrust through the trimming; an eagle's claw holds a set of Rhine pebbles, amber, a cat's-eve in appearance, but really a species of chrysolite with play of light similar to the costly stone, excepting in colors, which are dark green and blue, with a translucent gold light. Among other delicatc and novel bonnet trimmings are imitations of birds' win^s and tails made of crepe lisse em broidered in white silk applique on velvet, and also in delicate gilt thread on black lace. Gilt lace crowns are open worked and also tinsel embroidered oa white canvas. Tinsels come in straw and gold, in different shades of citron, buff, cream, and olive. Ribbons partake of the excessively gav Oriental styles described. These are from seven to eight inches wide when used for sashes, of delicate gauze striped with velvet made liuffy with chenille dots in bright Roman colors and Scotch plaids. Others come in etamine glittering with gold thread and silk.?New York Tribune. Osman Digma a Frenchman. It may not be generally known that Osman Digma is a Frenchman by birth, and was born in 1832, in a small hotel in Rouen. His father dying a year or two after, his mother married an Alexandrian merchant in 1887, half French and half Egyptian, of the name of Osman Digma, who, (taking a great fancv to voune OsmjS, at that time named Alphonse Vinet), insisted on having his name changed to his own, ajid, dying in 1842, left him. about 500,i)00.francs.^ After the death of his stepfather hp ^ as left to the guardianship of Ali Knana, a kind of half partner of the elder Osman, a Mussulman, who, at the death of Mme. Digma, in 1844, took young Osman into his house. His religion at that time, being very much of the Christian unattached type, was soon converted into Mohammedanism. Ali Khana was a very wealthy man, and lived in great Oriental pomp and splendor. Though intending to be very kind to young Osman, his kindness was of a very Spartan order, indeed. He had numerous professors for various branches of learning, and would often be examined by Ali him self, who, it be did not consider tnat ne had made progress, would have him severely bastinadoed. At the a?:e of 15 he was sent to Cairo to an ex-French officer to be taught tbe various methods of European warfare. Capt. Meraie had some fifty boys residing in his house studying war in all its branches, two or three of whom havo since become famous, not least among them being Arabi Pasha. It is strange, as illustrating the oid saying that 4'the boy is father to the man," that both Osman and Arabi distinguished themselves as leaders in the mimic battles fought in the grounds of Capt Meraie, the former in a dashing swooping kind of way, carrying everything before him, and the latter as a tactilinn Thn nnnjonnuiiPP W9? that a V*l4-bU* JL ii\/ WUiJVV^MVUVV ?? ?m?* ? rivalry existed between the two, both having about an equal number of their school-fellows siding with them. Osman remained here until his 19th year, when he was sent by his guardian to France on. matters relating to Ali's business. In 1866 he obtained the command of his regiment, but shortly afterward, offending the khedive, he had to leave Egypt, and his property was confiscated, lie then went to Suakim and entered business as a ship-chandler and coal agent under an assumed name; but, while on a hunting expedition, he was captured by a roving band of Arabs, and was sold as a slave to the man who at present calls himself the mehdi. The mehdi was charmed with his new slave, as a man of unbounded learning, and who would be able to train hi3 numerous supporters in the art of war. He gave Osman his daughter in mar" XlUgCj' auvl Lia.0 i-1 u ^iri-oo ?hrTO as a son. Tom Ochiltree's Railways. The National Republican has tho following concerning ex-Congressman Thomas Porterhouse Ochiltree, who was in Washington this week a day oj two in company with John W. Mackey. As he got aboard a west-bound train last night to begin a journey to California, CoL Ochiltree said: "The political arena will know me no more forever. You see me and Mackey have some new railroads to look after that will occupy my time for the next ten years and I will have no leisure for politics. When a man has 400,000 to 600,000 miles of railroads to build he has no taste for ward meetings and party conventions." "Why, colonel," asked a bystander, "isn't that figure a little steep?" "Steep, the devil!" exclaimed the' rubicund Texan. "Why, that isn't a patching to what we are really going to do. I put the figures low because l didn't want you to think I was overdrawing the thing. Instead of four or five hundred thousand miles, our new road will aggregate into millions. Why, sir, when we get our system in Mexico completed, that cayote republic will loo? like an old-fashioned gridiron, and the whistle of our locomotive will make a continuous roar along the confines of that God-forsaken country from Bagdad to Guaymas, and from Cape Isabel to the Rio del Norte; and, sir? " But just then the colonel's train began to move westward, and the graphic picture of what he andMackey propose to do in railroad construction remains incomplete. ^ * What Some Rich Men Have Done. Here are figures showing what some rich men have done. Johns Hopkins gave $3,148,000 to the university which he founded. His gifts for benevolent purposes amounted to 8S,000,000. Judge Packer gave S3, (-00,000 to Lehigh University." Cornelius Vanderbilt gave $1,000,000 to the Vanderbilt University. Stephen Girard gave $8,000,000 to Girard College. John C. Green on/4 Vnc rocirlniw lpcr<vtpp<; <r!ive &1.500. 000 to Princeton College. Ezra Cornell gave SI,COO,000 to Cornell University. Isaac Kich bequeathed the greater part of his estate, which was appraised at $1,700,000, to Boston University; on account of t lit; great fire and shrinkage in value, ami other unfortunate circumstances, tiie university will realize less than $700,000 from this magnificent bequest. Arnasa Stone gave $600,000 to Adellicn College by direct gift and by bequest. W. W. i Corcoran gave $170,000 io Columbian University"in money and land. Benjamin Bussy gave real estate worth ssnn n<Y> tn Wnrvird TT?nvt!r>itv. Sam uel Williston, William J. Walker, ana Samnel A. Hitchcock gave between $100,000 and ?200,000 <;. cli lo Amherst College. Whitmer Phaviix gave the bulk of his properly, amounting to about $640,000, to Columbia College. J. B. Trevor gave $179,0 0 to Rochester Theological Seminary. Matthew Yassar gave $800,000 to Vassar College. Gardner Colbv gave $170,000 to Colby University aDd ?100,000 to Newton Theological Seminary. J. B. Colgate gave $300,000 to Madison University. George 1. Seney gave $450,000 to Wesleyan University. The Crozer family gave $300,000 to Crozer Theological Seminary. The projected bridge across the Straits of Messina will span a channel thirty-six feet deep and two and a half miles wide. The viaduct will be supported by two land towers and three piers, eacn o,^ou iuul uyiuu iiic ueigm. of the bridge above the water will be 328 feet This enterprise will tax the skill of the Italian engineers. \ What Constitutes Backbone. When a person compliments another by saving he has a good deal of "backbone" he comes very near stating a scientific truth without knowing it, perhaps. At least so remarked a naval medical officer to a reporter of the Star the other day, as the latter stopped to chat in the room of the naval examining board. "Step up here a moment," continued the officer, conducting the reporter to a measuring rod which stood in one corner of the room. This rod, beside having the movable arms with which a man's height is gauged, had another intermediate arm below, by which the length of his legs is determined. The difference between these measurments, of course, shows the length of his body and bead, or the length of his spinal column, including his head. "There," said the officer, after the reporter had subjected himself to the measuring process,4'you are 69f inches tall, your legs arc 33$ inches long?pretty good legs?and that leaves -a- lengthy-af. body...of?,36 inches. That's very good; above the average." "Weil, what does it all mean?" asked the reporter. "Boiler power," remarked aa official who was standing near. The medical officer, enlarging on the figure thus suggested, proceeded: "That's it You see (putting his hand on his head), here's the governor. Here," he continued, lowering his hand on his chest, "is the boiler. The lungs and the heart are here, and below are the abdominal organs or viscera. Your mouth and nostrils are blowers. You shovel in coal?take food?in your mouth. It is turned I into steam?blood and goes out in [ every direction, you see, toward?the surface. Now the man with a long body has a great 'deal of boiler surfaced" n| . "Then the man with considerable backbone is stronger than the man who has not?" : - : >f "Well, that is one circumstance to be considered, with others of course. The man with backbone is apt. to have greater power of resistance. Be can endure more toil and resist disease longer. Why, there were no men in the war so good for a long march as your duck-legged fellows with long. bodies. The long-legged men "coula not stand it "There was a case here not long ago," continued the officer, "which, would indicate that a man's backbone has a great deal to do with his general character. An officer who was examined for promotion was found to be physically, mentally, and professionallyunfit, and also morally unfit He was droDDed from the service. When we r came to take his measurement we" found he had the shortest backbone of any man in the navy who had ever been examined. He did not have great physical power of resistance, you sec. When at the naval academy he stood very high. When he had to do duty it is probable that his strength failed him, and he resorted to stimulants. The taking of stimulants became a babit, and gradually affected his intellectual powers. His mind being weakened, his morals were soon U.llltJ luiwud All?if fKis yrtn tjfQ V laughed the officer," "came, of course, from having a short backbone."? Washington Star. A Gigantic Gor^e. A correspondent of the San Francisco Chronicle, describing the appearance of the Yosemite valley "from Conway's Eagle point trail, says: Une who has not ascended this trail going to Eagle peak, while in Yosemite, can form no idea of the giant gorge. There is no one point in the valley, to the writer's knowledge, where a person can get such a vivid idea of the terrific action which has produced this wonder of nature as from the final glimpse of this trail down to the gorge below. You are in a narrow, V-shaped basin, a giant wall of two thousand feet at your right hand, and on your left the round- , ed granite slope, just over whose crest plunges and tears the famous creek that a few rods farther on makes the wildest, most torrilic, aud at the same time most beautiful bound out into the air and down, down a never-ending distance, seemingly blown into smoke, torn into lace, rent iuto ribbons, thrust and pushed into crystal uoiutsof snowy whiteness aud icieiehke sharpness, full of rainbows, singing its <nvn anthem. If. is the YoiietmLu fill!, win its far below sparkles a pendulous and winding thread?the Yosemitc crei-k at the foot of the lower falls finding its \v:iy to the Merced. The valley lluor from" here is a mere spot, and the ^'.:i t \V:ijls rising on either hand nearly |?r}>eudicuiarly. make the gorge seem 10.CH.HJ t\wt deep. There is no spot where the grandeur of the Yosemite is so iuny realized as from here. . Stripped of i!?s beautiful and soft hazy coloring; its ever-changing and marvelous stone cuttings lost to view; its green va;iey. gone; its beautiful expanse swallowed up by granite walls, it stands 'out i'rom here in its truth, what it really is, a terrific chasm bound by jagged granite pinnacles. The ride up to the.summit of the ItoiI 15 lf> llli? i:i?; ili'tffCA Tfc ~ O is in distance fonr milea. :t:ni the altitude above * the valley is about 3,000 feet ? I O Naming the Birds. Every now and then the Zoological garden has a pair of young birds sent to it without- any other information re- 1 gar ding them than the whereabouts of their capture. The persons who send them do not know of what speciesr they are, and think, of course, that the ornithologists of the garden will have no difficulty in giving them their proper name- It is. not generally known that some birds have four distinct sets of Dlumaee. and that the last suit is the 1 one that is described in the text-books and by which the- species is. determined. "We have lots of trouble about this thing," said Supt Brown as he sat in his comfortable office, surrounded with zoologies, ornithologies, stuffed monkeys, cabinet pictures of baboons, and crocodiles' skulls. "Now, there are the American sea gulls. No one can tell what species a young pair will de- ' velop into. They have to be measured for their final suit of clothes and put them on before we can name them. "Some time ago four raccoons were traded off for two strange voung birds. We knew they came from South America and that was all we did know 1 Those birds have lately put on their spring suits and have turned out to be very rare . and valuable, but they might have turned out quite commonplace for all anybody could tell."? Philadelphia Times. The tower of the new city building at Philadelphia will be higher than the Washington monument, but the unequal settlement of the walls has cracked and shattered the finely carved stone work on the interior wall a. A IMuxion. This city, writes a Spri:i?rfield (Mass.) correspondent to the New York Tribune, has not lacked a share in the sad romance of the late Arctic explorations. Several years ago a promising youn?; man here, the only son of a widowed mother, and a general fiivoriie in social circles, caught the "Arctic fever," and against the protests of his family and friends joined one of the reiief expeditions. Tor a time all went well, but as x has so often happened, the ships were frozen in and the men were forced to take to the ice to make their wav out. On their .dreary march to the nearest station a cake of ice on which the Springfield boy happened to be was detached from the main floe and he was carried out to sea. His comrades were unable to rescue him, and he drifted off into the darkness, as they were only too sure, to certain death. The re-. mainder of the party arrived safely at their destination. As soon as possible the news of the young-man's loss was sent to his mother,., but she obstinately refused' tcTtjeKeve that he was dead. Her faith was strengthened by the arrival, some months later, of a letter her son had written her on the Christmas day preceding the abandonment % of the ships; In which he spoke confidently of being with her almost as soon as the letter reached her. . As it had been sent by a roundabout way.. across . Siberia and* Russia, the delay was only natural, but the mother saw in it a fresh confirmation of her hopes. - ' T'v." fins? Ktt fiY"ria in- ! ^ IUC UUU *JJ HUM WWV g&vuu MAto a monomania, and she determined to leave no means untried of ascertaining if i her . son really Jived. Without the knowledge of her family, she went to a "medium" who happened to be in Springfield at the time and consulted her as to the whereabouts of an absent j, friend. Her excitement, was, increased ' by being told that the person, of whom she asked had been cast away in a/far country among savage tribes,r whd; had nursed him tenderly through a long illness; that he was still weak, but was on the road to health. Almost beside herself, the poor mother tried in vain to convert her family to her belief. - ; . Finding it- impossible^ to shake her faith in her son's existence by argument, they finally tried change of scene and travel. But while in Boston she - .. ^ once more visited a clairvoyant, who, strangely enough, confirmed the state' / ?.J!- mur men is 01" ine lvriucr mwnumr 11119 one described in dramatic terms?first, * a young man picked up in mid-ocean by a passing vessel; then a port ma distant land, ships in a harbor, figures in strange costumes moving about the streets,, speaking in a foreign language, a small house near the water, in it the same youth, once more recovering from a severe illness and longing , for home, but unable to find the means to return to-bis own country. Of course, after this second experience, it was- useless-to try further diversion, even had the broken-hearted woman not insisted on returning home to be ready in case any news should come of her boy. The delusion was so strong that as a; last resort her friends wrote begging the commander of the expedition to come to Springfield and let the mother' hear from his own wuiUCf buav iu< ui-ii-o iiiouu&i ouv might be convinced that he was really dead. The kind-hearted captain came and told the sad story, and for a while the mother seemed to accept the inevitable. But the old belief soon resumed its sway, and she is again watching and waiting for tidings that can never come. ? . :v /; ? i m Bertha Von Hiliern. An illustrated article on American artists in the New York Sunday World contains the following concerning wellknown Boston artists: "One of the / & most remarkable women who labor at the easel in the United States is Miss Bertha von Hillern. Miss von Hillera has lived a life of romance such as would be better in place in a novel than a biographical sketch*. Ten years ago when the pedestrian mania ha<l reached such a height in this city that women had begun to contest for the prize of endurance as well as men,'a sturdy lit- v;: uc AUbii iuu >v uuj.ua appcaicu iu arena and won the championship seven-days' record for-wherself. Her appearance on the track occasioned a , :;> perfect furor, and when she took her training in Central park she was always guarded by a strong squad of feminine supporters. From this city she went to Boston, where she made i an equal hit She had repeatedly announced that as soon as she had saved sufficient money she proposed to retire and study painting. She carried out her purpose in Boston by entering the / ? studio of William Hunt, one of. whose favorite pupils she became. Miss von PTSllom ?? n IfjnricMnp. nf rrmoh ability, and has been eminently successful in depicting the grander phases of American forest scenery, of which she is especially fond. Inseparably associated with the name of Bertha yon Hillern is that of her sister artist and companion, Maria J..jC. Becket. Miss Becket is an American, of an. old Catholic family, with a long record of usefulness and eminence in society and the church. She is a woman of extraordinary quickness of perception and keenness of intellect, and counts among her .. '% friends the most eminent French and American artists of the generation. She . had traveled, lived in France and Italy, and studied art there before she entered the famous studio of William Hunt, in Boston. There she met Miss von Hillern, and discovered in her a congrenial soul. Since then the ladies have lived and worked together, spending their winters in New York and Boston,in which latter city they hold a sort of aristocratic salon weekly, and their summers in a studio among the forests of Virginia. Their studio at Strasburg is one of the wonders of the Old Dominion. Miss Becket, like Miss von ^ Hillern, is a landscape painter, with a >-2 fine feeling for the poetry of nature, and a leaning toward the grave and quiet color commoELto all pupils of the cjreat Boston master. The sobriety of her art is by no means, reflected in her sociai qualities, ior sue is one or me most brilliant and widely-instructed conversationalists in the western continent." Trees have been found in Africa < which were computed to be 5,150 years old, and a cypress in Mexico is said to have reached a still greater age. The oldest individual specimen of any species?in fact the oldest living thing upon the globe?is probably the cypress of Santa Maria del Tule, in the Mexican state of Oax- . "?; aca. If estimates of tree ages are to be relied upon the life of ; 3 this venerable forest monarch may have spanned the whole period of written history. At last accounts it was still growing and in 1851, when Humbold saw it, it measured forty-two feet in diameter, 146 in circumference and 282 feet between the extremities 01 two opposite branches. . J ?jj