The Fairfield news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1881-1900, November 15, 1882, Image 2
WEEKLY EDITION. WiyNSBOBO. S. C.. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1882. ESTABLISHED IN 1844. ^
v . * '
It Xerer Pars.
It never pays to fret or growl
When fortune seems our foe;
The better bred mil push ahead
And strike the braver blow.
For lack is work,
And those who shirk
Should not lament their doom
Bet yield to play
^L' ^ And clear the W2y.
^ That better men have room.
Jfc never pays to foster pride,
And squander wealth in show;
For friends thus won are sum to run
In times of want and woe.
'The noble worth
Of ali tke earth
Are gems of heart and brain?
A conscience clear,
A household dear,
And hands without a stain.
It never pays to hate a foe
Or cater to a friend,
> - ' To fawn or whine, much less rcjpint,
To borrow or to lead.
The faults of men
Are fewer when
Each rows his own canoe,
For friends and debts
And pampered pets
^ _ Unbounded mischief brew.
- - It never pays ?b wreck the health
In drudging after gain,
. And be is sold who thinks that gold
Is cheaply bought with pain.
, *" - ~ A humble lot,
A mm
--->
Have tempted even kings;
s, For station high
That wealth would buy,
Naught of contentment brings.
It never pays. A blunt refrain,
Well worthy of a song ;
For age and youth must leara this truth?
r*- That nothing pays that's wrong.
The good and pure
Alone are sure
To bring prolonged success!
While what is right
In Heaven's sight
im arrows sure \o oiess.
VC^i-.:V p???%
|p TWO EVENTS
I.
it was the 3d of December and the
Sj. 4th was fixed for the wedding day.
For some weeks the weather had. been
bitterly cold; we had had one heavy j
fall of ssnow fbpn ? fp-w Havd nf hard 1
frost, and now the air -was again filled j
with large feathery flakes. At 4 j
o'clock, when I went to my own room, j
wearied out both in mind and body, it;
^ X was nearly dark.
W My uncle's house, of which I had been
an inmate for some years?for I
was an orphan?was in a remote part |
of the country, five miles from a town,
and it may easily be imagined what an j
' event a wedding was in such a quiet j
^ village. Everv one, including mvself,!
SBW.-. -r ? * 7 O ? ' 1
the bride-elect, had to work hard for
days beforehand, and my aunt had
little sympathy for the weak or the
S* idle.
Two or three guests had arrived, and
as there now seemed nothing more to :
be done but entertain them, I was sent
upstairs to rest until 7 o'clock, when :
mv intended husband and groomsman
were expected. The dog-cart was to
be sent to meet them at the railroad
station, about three miles off. -J
ifouP<^he imusual luxury
"brightil^^u^SlE^- fi? iny grate, wren
u-n p^v-phair eozilv drawn ud to it.
For a moment or two I warmed my |;
frozen fingers, and then I went to the i 1
window, ;md leaning my cold forehead j
against the colder pane looked out!;
fc./ ; upon the dreary landscape. Now the i;
moment was come in which to realize j'
; ;?'f my position.
For weeks I had been in a dream? 11
a passive, hopeless creature, carried ]
along as it seemed by the will of others i
to a certain end?now on the eve of;
my wedding day I felt miserably j
awake. (Jouicl mere tnen oe no re
spite?nothing to hope for ?
" Ah, Harry! Harry!" I exclaimed,
" where are you now ? Why this long,
Hfe-' long time without a line, without a
- word? Have I not, in spite of taunts
and entreaties, waited the seven years
I promised, and in ore? "Was it not
only when the bread of charity grew
too^id^r, and no means permitted me
for earning my livelihood?when no
tope remained" of seeing you again?
that I gave way?
" Twice I have refused -Mr. uenton s
hand. "What could I do when he offered
k it the third time? I mean, Heaven
knows I mean to make him a good
Uft wife. I am grateful to him, for why
' should he choose me?a girl without a
penny and no heart worth having?
| " They say I have a pretty face; I supi
pose it was that. Harry used to like |
my bl'ie eyes and wavy hair years ago.
iL .. " This is the last night I may think I
of you, Harry, the bonny lad I love so !
well! Where are you now ? Still be-1
yond the wide Atlantic, striving for |
+>?o mivnpv tn pnnhlp us to marrv? or.!
as they would wish me believe, dead ? I
Br I am in sore distress, Harry. Surely j
*. ' bound up as we were in one another, j
my spirit can hardly thus be moved j
without stirring some chord in yours, j
wherever you may be?whether in far j
PPv: distant lands or in that still stranger j
and more unknown country from
whence no traveler returns.
||_ , " God help me!" I cried in my j
ariemiah * " fiod helt> me. I sorelv need I
tThen I opened the window, and j
i looked out over the flat country lying |
so still in its white shroud; and I gazed j
p~: tip into the gray, stony sky, but it was j
r obscured by the flakes of snow, which i
V/V' came down thicker and thicker until at
last nothing else was to be s>en in
earth or heaven.
"Miss Nellie! Miss Xellie!" said
the warning voice of the old house^
keeper, " what are you doing, my
dear? Trying to catch your death of
nold? and to-morrow your wedding
fday r She dre-K. me away and closed
, the window. " I've got a nice cup of
tea for you; come and sit down, lovey, |
and drink ft. I don't wonder you feel
anxious like, for it's awful weather." |
Then the good old soufc sat down by
the fire, and told me various stories,
which she assured me were authentic,
of similar snow-storms under similar
r circumstances, ana now wueu ua w>i?
mother was married the wedding
party had to walk to church over the
tops of the hedges on frozen snow.
Then my aunt came in; she was
naturally a stern, managing woman,
and-we had never been very good
friends; but she spoke kindly to me
then, and told me not to be anxious if
the train was delayed a little. My
uncle soon followed her, and gave me
a kiss, saying, "Cheer up, Xellie!
they'll be here sooner or later."
' L " " V.T.'rvyV'Vfl'fo T TPfte f "Vol! ft
I. * ck My ywnw ^
of them knew mV dread of the coming
morrow ; how I had prayed like a
j.v--- criminal for a reprieve. And yet, to
do myself justice, I did honor Mr.
b Benton; I meant to obey, and hoped in
time to love him. But the hours
nassed on, and even I began to grow
H ..^^^xions for his safety.
H ^."^n o'clock came, and the groom
t^DS * returned from the station. Old
an gardener, who had manH
*^ion5,;tk.Tle in from the cottage,
" * i yards' distance, gave
_ ^
i it as his opinion that they -would not
1 come that night.
"Lor' bless you. sir," he said, "James
i knows what he's about, and he'd never
I risk crossing the hills such weather as
this; it's as much as their lives are
i worth."
My uncfe kissed me again. "Xever
j mind, Xellie ; they won't hurt in the
J station for one night, with a big fire,
and we'll have them over the first
thing in the morning and so at last
we retired for the night.
To bed, but not to sleep. A new j
hope had sprung up which I hardly ;
dared acknowledge to myself. If the
' storm would only continue until after
12 o'clock the next day, so as to make I
the wedding impossible, who could tell!
what might happen next? I might'
be taken ill; L ad I not pains in all my ;
limbs, and was. not my head burning
already?
I rose several times during the night j
and looked out. Still snowing heavily,;
as far as I could see. In the morning
there was no change, and a very
gloomy and depressed party met at the
breakfast-table. A few unsuccessful
attempts were made to be cheerful
during the meal, but when it was over
all was silence, except an occasional
whisper from one of the anxious faces
at the windows, trying vainly to peer
through the thick white veil.
That it was useless to dress all had
agreed, and wrapped in ? large shawl I
I lay oil tne sola by tne nre, with my
; eyes fixed oil the clock. Ten o'clock? |
eleven. At the half hour my heart al- j
most stopped beating. Twelve o'clock
at last?and so the reprieve had come.
But hardly had the final stroke sounded
when a maid servant burst into the
room.
" Come quick, sir; there is a messenger
!"
My aunt and uncle followed her
quickly. I rose also, but staggered and
sank back on the sofa.
"Sit still, Xellie," said my bridemaid,
Mary Leo; "I'll come and tell
you all about it," and she ran after
them, followed by the other guests.
They seemed a long time away, and
at last I got up, and like one in a
dream groped my way to the kitchen, j
It was a large, gloomy place at any
time, and that morning there was no
light from without, the panes were so
blocked up with snow; only the fire
lighted up the group before me. The
messenger?a tall, strong man, but
evidently much exhausted?sat by the
hearth, the mel'ing snow forming a
pool around him. My aunt, seated at
the table, looked as if she were fainting,
while my uncle questioned the
man in a subdued voice. Every face
looked pale and horrified.
"What is the matter?" I asked, and
my voice sounded to me as if it were a j
long way off.
"There has been an accident with
the dog-cart, Xellie," said Mary Lee,
putting her arm around me.
" Is any one hurt ?"
A pause. "Mr. Denton is hurt, my i
dear," said my uncle.
"Much?" I whisnered, for mv voice :
seemed to have gone from me. I
I looked from one to the other as no .
answer came, and then my uncle tried !
to lead me away. <
I understood now how it was. j
"He is dead!" I said, and I fell ;
ieavily onj^stone floor. ^ '
It. is nearly two years since I wrote ^
mything in my diary, for I seem now (
too busy to attend to it, and yet things
have altered very much in the last two
years. My surroundings are changed, j
find I trust there is a change for the
better in mvself. During my long ill
ness which followed that awful snow- !
storm, my aunt heard of the death of .
her son-in-law in the south, my cousin
Edith's husband, and it was arranged ;
for the widow and her only child toreturn
to her old home. Tliis rendered '
my presence even less necessary than :
ever, and made it all the more easy for
my dear old friend and doctor to pro
pose a scheme he had formed. ior tne
mutual benefit of his wife and myself, :
as he kindly put it.
It was for me to live with them as
companion, housekeeper, and in fact
daughter, for they had never had
children of their own, and his wife
was a confirmed invalid. With this
new home health returned to both
body and mind. For some years I had
lived in a world of my own, with but
one object and one end in view. I
thought that I tried to do my duty?
to bear patiently the monotonous routine
of my uncle's hou?e?not to reply
to my aunt's often harsh words, "l
taught in the schools, made flannels
lur CI15S puyi ^ <1UU v Ci? jl ii v ivaiA^ uiivi
truly for myself, with but little sympathy
"for those immediately around me.
There was a. different atmosphere in
Dr. Fanshaw's house. Ilis noble, untiring
work among the sick and suffering
filled me with wonder and respecte/\
/H/? fVm n^'Hrvnpo
XUJL auuiuauuii, amiou w.w jyu?m?vv I
and unselfishness of his gentle, lady- |
like wife, who had been confined to j
her couch with a spinal complaint for j
many years.
In a few months, however, came a
great trial. The strong man fell sick
and died; I nursed him to the last, and
I promised never to leave his poor wife.
It was a sad blow to her at first, but
borne with her usual quiet resignation.
Now she is quite cheerful again. I
know she thinks her time here will be
but short, and the hope of a happy
meeting with 'him she loved is her
chief solaca. I, too, am resigned and
hsmnv The doctor's will has removed !
" nr.- -
one source of anxiety as to the future,
and I am now eight-and-twenty, and
feel that I can settle down tliankfully
in that state of life in which it has
pleased God to place me.
I can even wrhe calmly of Harry,
who is alive and getting on well. Of
course he is nothi ng to me now, and I
dare say has almost forgotten me in i
ail these years. Well, such tilings will |
hnnnen in the chances and chansres of i
life, but I shall never forget him. He ;
will choose some other wife, and I hope i
they will be happy, but she will not j
love him better than the Nellie of old. 1
| Here I was interrupted by the ring '
; of the bell and a note. To my great!
i surprise it was from Mrs. Leedon!
(Harry's mother), asking me to call
j upon her in the afternoon. What |
j could she want? Xine years ago she j
! and my aunt broke olT the engagement i
I between Harry and me.
{ Ah! it was a hard and cruel time! j
j We were, as they said, foolish, penni-1
i less young creatures; but then wej
! loved each other, and he was willing to j
! orwl T tn wiiif Tint. t,h;i+, was all 1
j over now.
After our early dinner I made the
i invalid comfortable fur her afternoon
i nap and started for my two-mile
j walk.
; A bright winter afternoon, clear, >
i pale sky, hard roads, and glittering
| hoar-frost lying on trees and hedges. I
I soon reached Mrs. Leedon's cottage.
She looked, I thought, much aged, and
there was an unusual nervousness in j
I her manner.
After a little attempt at conversa- i
cKo din- "Ellon. I hone in what
: WV11 CLIV r ? A
happened some years ago you gave me,
I at least, credit for conscientious moi
tives."
f "Mrs. Leedon," I replied, hastily,
; "that time is long past, and 1 have no \
: wish to recall it."
| " But, my dear, you must see nov; j
what an imprudent thing an engage- j
ment would have been."
I rose to go. " It is all over Mrs. I
Leedon, I repeat. Right or wrong,
| what was then done can never be
undone."
i " Stay a moment, Ellen. What I
li2)V?? t/x iv?n ic cii/>h imnnrfonAo !
.nv.v- U..rlk?MVV ,
that I must beg you to hear me patiently."
She took my hand and drew j
me to the sofa by her.
" At that time I acted, as I still j
think, for the best; but two years ago !
I fear I made a mistake?that is your !
aunt and I. Soon after your engage- ;
ment to Mr. Denton I received a letter j
from my son, considerably after date,;
inclosing one to you. He told me j
that he proposed coming home in a;
few months, and as he had now an ap- j
pomtment which would enable him to |
marry he hoped to persuade you to !
return with him as his wife. As your i
uncle had forbidden any correspond-1
ence, he inclosed a letter for you in j
mine."
I sprang-to my feet. "And why did
I not have that letter ?"
" Be calm, Ellen. Indeed, my dear,
I am now very sorry. I took my letter
to show to your uncle and aunt,
and by their advice destroyed the inclosure.
They thought you were at
last settled in your mind and happy;
and, of course, wished to avoid such a j
terrible upset as a renewal of the past j
would have caused."
" It was a shameful breach of trust,
Mrs. Leedon," I exclaimed, vehemently
: "and cruel, very cruel! I was no
young child to be treated so," and I
buried my face in my hands. Where
now was my bo;isted self-possession?
I was sobbing bitterly. At last I
raised my head. "And what did
Harry say when he heard of it ?"
" Mv poor child," said Mrs. Leedon,
"he said nothing, only that there was
now no reason for his return home."
" I must go now," I said, faintly, for
I felt worn out and miserable. "Do
not send for me, or ever speak of it
again, please." j
Her eyes were full of tears as she j
accomp;inied me to the door.
"Try to forgive me, Nellie. I would ,
give mucii ior you 10 meet eacn otner i
again. At all events lie knows the |,
truth now. Don't think too hardly of |,
me."
As I crossed the field which lay be- ! ]
tween Mrs. Leedon's house and the j
high road my mind was full of con- j
fusion; grief and indignation pre- (
dominated, and then a wild hope sud- \
denly sprang up, but that brought me to
myself. "This is madness," I; j
thought; "I am but laying the founda- i f
tion for future disappointment and i (
sorrow." 2
Before I passed through the gate I <.
folded my hands upon it, closed my '
QTW! mntforor? rFh\r will
donethen I dried my eyes and | j
walked quickly homeward. As I \
gazed round on the wide, flat fields l
and straight road, I could not help ]
likening the landscape to my life. | i
Sameness, monotony, and, when it j t
should please God to take my one kind s
friend from me, great loneliness. And t
ret it need not he unhappv. . Snrnm^r ,
11
svas sparkling m the sun. And then I t
1 J- T- - ? * A Vl r?^ V?
:iaa xne privilege ui a swai^ui, yam j
lutv which could not be mistaken. a
The long road seemed to stretch on (
;o the horizon, and straight before me f
;he sun, round and crimson, had just j
;ouched the earth. <
The road was very lonely, and as I j
;ould only see one solitary human j
being approaching me in the distance, j
[ quickened my steps, for Mrs. Fan>haw
was apt to be nervous when I i
was out late. As he approached I perceived
it was a tall man, wrapped in a
plaid. My eyes were too much dazed
by the sun for me to see his face, but I }
thought he was looking earnestly at ;
me. lie walked a few steps past me, ;
and then returned, saying, " Will you <
kindly direct me to Mrs. Leedon's cot- j
tage at Earls wood?" 1
I turned round and looked at hiin, j
then I involuntarily held out my hands. ,
They were warmly ciaspea, ana in a 1
moment I was pressed to liis breast. ;
" Harry!"
"Xellie, darling, are you glad to see :
me again ?" ;
A Successful Practical Joke.
A correspondent of the Boston 1
Transwipt declares that Mr. James
Russell Lowell once made up his mind
11+] *?* A f7/vyifi;
IU picij a> JUXVC UJ^/V/-UL tUV AAi/vw/vvvv I
Monthly, and to that end wrote an ar- j
tide called the "Essence of American
Humor," which was said by the friends !
to whom he read it to be among the
best of his writings. " He employed
some one to copy it," says the correspondent,
" and signed it ' W. Perry
Paine,' and sent it to the Atlantic
frith the request that, as it was a
maiden effort, the editor would give
an opinion in writing to said Paine.
He waited a fortnight, but heard
nothing from his paper, when, being
in Boston, he dropped into the office of
the Atlantic, and, meeting James T.
Fields, adroitly turned the conversation
upon humor, and remarked it was
singular so little was written upon
the subject. Fields replied: ' We
get a great deal of manuscript
on humor, but it; is so poor that
we cannot use it. I threw into the
waste-basket the other day a long I
******fVia << TTccc?nn~f !
^VI CCU V/X1X iOV\ UVU Vii\, W-. |
American Humor," which, should have
been styled the "Essence of Nonsense,"
for a more absurd farrago of
stuff I have never seen.' Lowell, much
to the surprise of the editor, burst into
a roar of laughter and informed Mr.
Fields of the authorship of the article.
The editor turned all colors and swore
it was one of Lowell's jokes. '.Indeed
it is,' responded Lowell,' and the
best joke I ever played. I never
thought highly of my scribbling, but,
by Jove ! I didn't believe it was the
most ridiculous farrago of stuff you
had ever seen.' By way of self-de
fense. Fields declared he did not read
the thing, but that he did not belie ve
that a man who signed his first name
with the initial and the second full
could write for the Atlantic. That
was about as ingenious an excuse as he
could make for his partiality."
Animals 2nd (Jdors.
A writer on odors and their recognition,
in the Journal of Science, says :
Take sn ox, a sheep or a goat to a
country where the llora is strange, and
he will browse upon plants analogous,
in odor with those which have formed
his food in his native land. But whenever
he perceives a strange effluvium
given off he avoids the plant as doubtful.
A superfluous bear at the Paris
zoo had a bun with prussic acid on it
given him. But bruin was not to be
caught that way. He pushed it into
the water, and not until the odor was
entirely gone did he eat it. The poison j
had then lost its force. Animals have j
pronounced tastes in odors. The literal j
in " fine frenzy rolling" of the cat in
; catnip is notorious, while the pard and
| panther grow amiable beneath the in|
fiuence of laverder water.
WORDS OF WISDOM.
If you believe in. evil you have done
evil.
He who knows much has much to
care for.
Count that day as lost in which you
have not had a good laugh.
Gravitv is but the rind of wisdom'
but it is the preservative rind.
A man of sense may love like a
madman, but never like a fool.
The secrets of life are not shown
except to sympathy and likeness.
The first and last thing which is required
of|geniusis the love of truth.
Language is not an instrument into
which, if a fool breathe, it will make
melody.
Eo not be absent-minded, requiring
the speaker to repeat what he has said
that you may understand.
Bashfulness may sometimes exclude
pleasure, but seldom ever opens any
avenue to sorrow or remorse.
Attrition is to the stone what good
influences are to the man; both polish
while they reveal hidden beauties.
That leader will fail who acts on the
counsel of those whose intelligence and
means of information are inferior to
his own.
A cro can r> /iT'Ay a
ug> ci. inauc a. an.iux.ui
mariner; neither do uninterrupted
prosperity and success qualify for usefulness
and happiness. The storms of
adversity, like the storms of the ocean,
arouse the faculties and excite the invention,
prudence, skill and fortitude
of the voyagers.
Profits of Cattle Raisin;?.
A correspondent who has been investigating
the cattle raising business
of the plains says: After a good
rlpol prAcc-mif?ctiAninrr onrl firriir?nrr
I arrived at some conclusions as to the :
profits of cattle raising as a business.
I met one man, for instance, who had
just returned from Chicago, where lie
had sold a thousand head of cattle at
an average of $-10. They were a little
over three years old, and had been on
his ranch two years. He bought them
in 1880 for $8 a head. Counting interest,
care-taking, loss by death and
all other items of expense, they stood
him, when put on the cars at $11.50
each. Add to this an average of $5
L'ach for transportation from Ogallala,
Neb., to Chicago?$100 per car the
ictual cost, and an average of twenty
head to the car?and the animals on
the market have cost him him $16.50 i
iach, leaving a net profit of $23,500 on
;he herd. This was simply one?and not
i largeone?of many transactions made
n the course of the year by the same
stockman. Indeed.it was in the nature
>f an outside transaction, because the
ule is to raise the cattle from birth instead
of buying them at a year old.
rhis gentleman has already sold 16,>00
head of cattle this year, and now
las on his ranch 15,000 head, of which
le expects to send about 5,000 head to
narket before the close of the season,
it is very safe to say that a man startng
with 2,500 head of cattle can after
ne seconu year Keep up ms neru ana
ell ?25,000 worth of cattle every year;
hat fc :m&
}nti?.f>CRi Jxoad of-oattk> a-ro considered
i small ranch. The average is more
lian twice that number. Of possible
uid actual losses to the business there
ire really none to speak of. Two per
:ent. will cover all the losses by death
'or a good year, winter and summer,
ind, strange \o say, the losses are
greater in summer than in winter,
in a very bad year, when disease is
prevalent, the loss never exceeds five
Der cent.
The stockman's year begins in May
vith what is called the " round up."
it the close of the season in the early
ivinter the cattle are turned loose
without herdsmen, and allowed to
roam through the whole of Western
Nebraska and "Wyoming, finding food
md shelter as tliev can. "When the
spring opens a small army of cowboys
.s employed?each stockade contributing
to the force in proportion to his
interest?to range the whole plains,
gather up the cattle and drive to certain
stations or places previously j
agreed upon at a meeting of stockman
held at Cheyenne. From these
immense gatherings each owner selects
the cattle bearing his brand, and
forms them into a herd to be driven to
his ranch; he also brands the yearlings
of hi> herd, who have up to this time
run with their mothers. After
Hn*o orronrl division the cattle
are put in charge of cowboys
for the summer. The grass is
fine and they improve rapidly, and are
ready for market in .June or July. For
the largest, ranch the expense up to
this time is not over $600. The cowboys
get about ?30 each for the "round
up," but no stockman is allowed to
furnish less than twelve, no matter
how small his herd may be. Some are
taxed as high as twenty cowboys. The
matter is all arranged at a meeting of
the stockmen held under the auspices
of the Stockmen's association. "When
the cattle are all gathered in and
bntTulF-fl for the summer the onlv help
needed for the rest of the year is a
sufficient number of cowboys to watch
the herds, which is generally done by
sleeping in the gniss under some
friendly shade. Three cowboys will
take care of 5,000 cattle, keep them all
together and drive to the railroad stations
such as are to be sent to market.
Antiquity of the American 3Ian.
How long has man been on this
planet? is a question often asked, but
the answer is always unsatisfactory.
The remains of implements and arti
l w.? *-k l\AAr>
Cies useu U) UUIUitU ucinga ncivt uccu I
found in strata hundreds of thousands j
of years old. Ages must have passed j
since "-lie savage man first emerged
from a semi-brute condition. Mr.
Wiggins, of "Waverly, X. J., found on I
the top of the Alleghany mountains, I
in Perry county, Pennsylvania, a piece I
of metaphoric limestone upon which
was clearly visible the print of the
right foot of a human being. The impression
is about an inch deep and
shows the five toes and the perfectly
formed foot of a man. This piece of
stone has been sent to the Smithsonian
institution. The rock is of great antiquity
and must have antedated the
oldest memorials of Egypt- It certainly
is the oldest trace of man in
America.
Electricity in Farming.
J. A. Barrel, of the National Agricultural
society of France, anticipates
that within thirty years as great a
revolution will have been effected by
electricity as has been effected by
stearn in the last thirty. Among uses
to which it has already been put for
agricultural purposes he mentioned
Defoy's curb-bit for breaking horses.
the electric seive used in mills, experiments
of the use of electric light on
plants, the Felix electric plow and
saws?one a circular saw which cuts
up whole trunks of trees into planks,
the other a vertical saw which does the
finest kind of work. Electricity is
also employed successfully for artificial
incula'cion, and also for "trying" eggs.
* *V.I- ".-W.x .v .
Sotfd Soses.
The annals of surgery contain many
! cases where the nose has been cut or
! tnrn off, and, being replaced, has grown
fitst again, recovering its jeopardized
| functions. One of the earliest (1630)
is related by the surgeon Fioraventi
i who happened to be near bv when a
j man's nose, having been 3ut off, had
j fallen in the sand. He remarks that
: he took it up, washed it, replaced it,
and that it grew together.
He adds the address of the owner of
the repaired nose, and requests any
doubter to go and examine it for himself.
Regnault in the Gazette Salntaire,
1714, tells of a patient whose
j nose was bnten off by a smuggler.
I The owner of the nose wrapped it in a
j bit of cloth and sought Regnault, who.
! 11 although the part was cold, reset it,
' and it became attached."
Although these cases call for more
credulity than most of us have to spare,
! yet later cases published in trustworthy
journals would seem to corroborate
them. In the Clinical Anr.als and
Medical Gazette, of Heidelberg, 1830,
there are sixteen similar cases cited by
the surgeon (Dr. Slacker), who was
appointed by the senate to attend the
duels of the students.
It seems a little strange, considering j
how often the operation of making a j
new nose has been performed in Ajner- I
? T"v T * r TTT - ? -TOOT
icu since jlt.j. warren, ill xoot,
made the first successful one in Boston,
that we never see one. Probably none
of us here, save we have been medical
students, ever saw one, and vet nearly
every prominent surgeon in the
i^nnntrv hnq nprfnrmprl t.hfi rmprnt.inn
with success several times.
False noses aret made of papier I
maclie, leather, gold, silver and wax.
These last are fitted to spectacles or
springs, and are very difficult to distinguish
from a tru.e nose.
Tycho Brahe lost his nose in a duel j
and wore a golden one, which was at- i
tached to his face with a cement he ;
always carried about.
It is a little singular, though, how
long a period and down to what recent
times it has been the practice to cut off
the nose of criminals. How often tyranny
has amused itself with this occu- j
pauon lor trivial oituiisiis. xuuneseb
in. used to cut off the nose of any |
subject accused of. talking treason
against him. Actisanes, another ruler
of Egypt, had a novel way of punishing
robbers. He cut off their noses
end colonized them?the robbers?in a
desert place, which he called Rhinoconun,
from the nature of the punishment
of its citizens. On the other \
hand, and more humane, perhaps, was j
his punishment of dishonest butchers.
It was unique. A hook was put
through their nose and a piece of meat
was hung upon it.
"[r\ 1 (*,71 f'}i !t1 oa TT* liOfl T.nrrl P.mron.
try's (keeper of the seal of England)
nose cut off because he dared to ask in
parliament an inquisitive question
about some actresses.of the day.
Later Frederick the Great had a
uobleman's nose cut off because he protested
openly that he had been enrolled
in the army through fraud.
Criminals have been known fco'cut off
their nose to escape detection.. Even
to-day we hear of such accounts as this
r.^Qnj^l. in t!^i;dayv uap^rs o:: March
report Ireland
band cut off the nose of a mar.ljecause
in a poor law guardian contes*; he canvassed
in opposition to the candidate
of the land leasruers."
"Within historical times there are
records of some wonderful noses. In
the medals of Cyrus and Artaxerxes,
the tips of their noses come ciose out
to the rim of the coin. Antioclius
VII. was an imposing prince. They
called him "Grvpus," because his nose
was as big and hooked as a vulture's
beak. But then the ancient Persians
permitted only the owners of large
noses to enioy royal honors.
Mohammed's nose must have been
a curiosity. It was so curved ;he point
seemed to be endeavoring to insert
itself between his lips. A later time and
phenomenal nose must have teen that
<-kf Hio PTwlpriclr "Lavater of
ferr.l to wager his reputation that
blindfolded lie could tell it out of
10,! i-jO other noses, by simply taking
it '.K-tween his thumb and forefinger.
The nose of the Emperor Rudolph, of
Austria, saved his life in an odd kind
of a way. During one of his campaigns
a troop of knights entered intc
a conspiracy to kill him. A peasant
who was employed about the tents of
the conspirators one evening overheard
them say, " To-morrow we'll
surprise old big-nose, and cu; him to
99 A ri. T_ " -J ? 4-Urs
pieces. .a.i.ler ius wuua. \\hs> uvci iuc
peasant started out to visit some
friends in another part of tt.e camp.
The emperor, who "was goins* about
with some of his knichts, meeting the
man, asked who he was, and what was
going on in his part of the camp. He
innocently told that there would be
fun next morning, as they were going
to cut a big-nose in pieces. But they
had not even a chance to ge: out of
bed " next morning."
Xapoleon I. was said to be influenced
in his choice of officers by the
size of the nose. All remember what
tiie irarisians caiiea _\apoieun jlix.,
" Grosbec "?Xosey. Gibbon had
hardly any nose at all. He had a wee
little protuberance in the middle of
his face which, by courtesy, was called
a nose, but it was hardly discernible,
set in between two enormous cheeks.
It is sard of Soame .Tenyns that he
wondered how anybody so ugly as Gibbon
could write a book, and yet .Tenyns
also wrote books, and had an enormous
wen under his jaw, had eyes that protruded
like a lobster's, and yet allowed
room enough for another wen between
them and his nose.?Progress.
Olive Orchards of Italy.
The olive orchards here frequently
cover the sides of the Appenine mountains
quite to the top. Thousands of
acres are devoted to olive culture.
When we used to read in the Bible
about the people who ate bread, wine
and olives, we always supposed, you
remember, that an olive was a fruit to
be eaten ripe, like a peach or an orange.
It seems necessary to reconstruct our
Bible belief in this respect. They tell
j us here that an olive is a fruit which
i must never be eaten raw ; that in that
| state it is a bitter, burning, acid-casting
j thing Avliicli a goat itself would refuse
to take down. It is a product to be
j pickled and then eaten, usually with
| bread. In the pickled state those who
are accustomed to eating it in its native
j state say it is delicious. There are
i various ways of preserving the olive.
I It is chiefly raised, however, for the
| oil, on which, it is said* a great profit
: is made. There seems to be no good
j reason why it could not be cultivated
! successfullv in Florida, and perhaps in !
! other parte of the Southern United j
! States. In appearance the olive tree !
j is about the size and shape of an or- |
i dinary peach tre<\ with a gnarled |
trunk. Its leaf is the shape of a peach i
leaf, but small, harsh and stiff. The
j color of the foliage is a pale, dull
green, like that of a sage bush, the
true festhetic shade.? Cincinnati Com
menial.
! A volume of water cannot be called
; dry reading.
j TIIE HOME DOCTOR.
Cofgii Cuke.?A recent cough will
almost always yield to the following
! treatment within two or three days:
j Mix in a bottle four ounces of glycerine,
two ounces of alcohol, two ounces
i of water, two grains of morphine.
| Shake well. Dose for an adult, one to
j two teaspoonfuls every two or three
| hours. Half this quantity to children
from tf>n to fifteen years old. It is
nilt. SJlfp tn (rivo if frk /.hilrlrnn nn/lar
, --w - ^ V. v ? V AW UV VU1AVUVU \A.XJL\*\+?
ten years of age.
A physician who makes a specialty
of rectal diseases writes a long article
on the effect of horseback riding on
those who are troubled with piles.
His conclusion is that horseback exercise
is not prejudicial, but is rather apt
to be beneficial in such cases. And he
i thinks there is nothing more certain
I to prevent the occurrence of hemcrj
rhoids than regular horseback riding,
j He says that in Bellevue hospital a
j gymnastic movement is practiced to
j cure hemorrhoids. "It consists sim;
ply in trying to touch the toes with the
! i w iI?-? Ti
M1U1UUL UVTUUlilU l/UC li-JLlCfS. J.t
j not only strengthens and develops the
! muscles of the abdomen, but also those
of the legs and thighs. It assists the
action of certain remedies, and thus
aids in a cure."?Dr. Foote's Health
Monthly.
Sick Children.?The vicissitudes
necessarily incident to an out-door and
primitive mode of life are never the
tirst causes of any disease, though they j
may sometimes betray its presence.
Bronchitis, nowadays perhaps the most
frequent of all infantile diseases, makes
no exception to this rule ; a draft of
cold air may reveal the latent progress
of the disorder, but its cause is Ions
confinement in a vitiated and over- j
heated atmosphere, and its proper rem-;
edy ventilation and a mild, phlegmloosening
(saccharine) diet,warm sweet
milk, sweet oatmeal porridge or honey
water. Select an airy bedroom, and
do not be afraid to open the windows.
Among the children of the Indian ;
tribes who brave in open tents the ter- i
rible winters of the Hudson Bay terri-1
tory, bronchitis, croup and diphtheria i
are wholly unknown; and what we:
call "taking cold" might often be more
correctly described as taking hot ;
glowing stoves, and even open lires in
a night nursery, greatly aggravate the
pernicious effects of an impure atmosphere.
The first paroxysm of croup
can he promptly relieved by very simple
remedies?fresh air and a rapid
forward-and-backward movement of
the arms, combined in urgent cases
wiin tne .application or a flesh |
brush (or piece of flannel) to the neck !
and the upper part of the chest. Paregoric
and poppy svrup stop the cough
by lethargizing the irritability and
thus preventing the discharge of the
phlegm till its accumulation produces
a second and far more dangerous par- j
oxysm. These second attacks of croup j
(after the administration of pallia-!
tives) are generally the fatal ones, j
When a child is convalescing, let him i
beware of stimulating food and over- i
heated rooms. Do not give aperient j
medicines; costiveness, as an after effect;
of pleuretic affections, will soon yield
to fresh air and vegetable diet.?Pop- \
ular Science Monthly.
^Cost ofa ri i>^ to a rose. ^ I
which he made to Europe. He says: i
Prior to leaving Baltimore we planned '
the whole of our trip, calculating to he I
absent for seventy days. We started i
on the 7th day of July, and reached j
Baltimore on our return on the loth of j
September, having been precisely sev-'
entv days absent. Of this period we !
were twenty-three days on the ocean? |
three clays longer than we expected? j
leaving forty-seven days for the tour, j
which were spent as follows:
In Liverpool one day,
In London live days,
In Paris ten days,
At Yichv Springs three days,
ill u-eneva iour aays,
At Berne one day,
At Interlaken three days,
At Zurich two days,
At Lucerne two days,
At Lake Constance three days,
At Falls of Rhine one day,
At Strasburg two days,
At Mayence one day,
Down the Rhine one day,
At Cologne two days,
At Brussels three days,
At Antwerp three days.
The entire cost of this tour of |
seventy days from Baltimore and back j
to Baltimore, for a party of five, three j
of whom were ladies, was $1,884.20, j
!->/">Inrr frn* nt' trio ttHrt.V S377 Of I
VUllvj lV'i V(?V1A V'4. k-uv/ |/V?? v>( '
about $5.45 per day. This was for all
manner of traveling expenses, including
those of sight-seeing, carriage
hire, operas, theatres, concerts, fees,
etc. We traveled first-class in the j
cars everywhere, except in Germany, j
and stopped at the best hotels, in no j
way stinting expenses. We were de- j
sirous of ascertaining exactly for what!
such a summer trip could be accom- j
plished, and the accounts were kept;
strictly.
The Girl of the Silver i)ollar.
Miss Anna W. "Williams is the name
- * - I-Jl? ...T ic* !
01 me luuv \\ nuat; pi umc ao owui^u i
upon our Bland silver dollar of the J
United States. "When the clever young
designer, Morgan, was brought j
to this country from England in 1876 !
to make a design for a new dollar, he !
settled down in Philadelphia and looked j
about for a model for the head of a !
Goddess of Liberty, which was~*to be |
stamped on one side of the coin. lie
selected Miss Williams, who was at I
that time living with her mother and j
aunt in Spring Garden street. Tiie j
designer, before attempting to make a !
sketch, visited the Academy of Fine ;
Arts in Philadelphia and was for
months engaged in studying American j
art, in order to be able to thoroughly
Americanize his work. He desired;
to present as the principal figure i
on the coin a representative!
head of the American female
beauty. His first idea was to make a }
fanciful head of the Goddess of Liberty, j
but lie finally determined to take a* a :
model a living American girl. With j
this pnd in view lie. with the aid of a ,
friend in the city who is an artist of
decided merit, succeeded in finding a
lady whose profile struck him as being
exactly what he wanted: l?ut it was
with considerable difficulty that he persuaded
her to sit for him. Finally Miss
Williams, who was the lady he had
selected, consented, although it did not |
occur to her at the time that she might
become historically famous. After
four trying sittings Mr. Morgan succeeded
in making traces sufficient to
proceed with his work. He declared
that the profile was the most perfect
ho had pvpf spf-n. either in thiscountrv
or in England, and at once proceeded
to sketch the head which now appears
on the face of all the Bland dollars.
The identity of the original of this
famous figure was kept a profound
secret for two years.
The revised census gives the popula
tion of Scotland at 3,735,578, an increase
of eleven per cent, since 1871. a
rate of progress not exceeded since the
third decade of the present century.
In 1800 the population was 1,600,900.
FACTS FOR TEE CURIOUS.
In a mine near Marietta, Ga., water
! of a peculiar color is found in great
quantities that resembles rich wine. A
i few drops of nutgall makes it a very
! fine writing ink.
i A queer custom is observed in a town
j in Alsace. The authorities publish a
! careful and true list of all the resident
! drunkards. The list embraces thirty,
one persons. All innkeepers are for!
bidden to sell intoxicating drinks to
i them.
General John Payne, of Warsaw,
j Ivy., probably is the oldest pensioner
; on the United States pension rolls. He
| is eighty-seven years old, and has been
| drawing a pension for the loss of an
| arm in the service ever since 1820?
; sixty years.
The children in a family living at
| Port Valley, Ga., have novel names.
! 1 1 - 1?1 t -L"? "?
I Alter losing many cnuaren, tne oereaved
father and mother "were informed
that if they would give their
children the names of wild animals all
would live to a good old age. They
| have now four healthy children named
1 Rabbit, Coon, Fox and Possum.
A common Chinese talisman is the
I " hundred families' lock," to procure
I whifh n fat'hfr crnoa rminil or.>nnrr V?ic
! friends, and, having obtained from a
j hundred different parties a few of the
i copper coins of the country, he himself
1 adds the balance to purchase an ornament
or appendage fashioned like a
lock, which he hangs on his child's
neck, for the purpose of locking him
figuratively to life, and making the
hundred persons concerned in his attaining
old age.
In the twentieth year of Queen
Elizabeth, a blacksmith named Mark
Scaliot made a lock consisting of eleven
pieces of iron, steel and brass, all of
which, together with a key to it.
weighed but one grain of gold. He
also made a chain of gold, consisting
of forty-three links, and, having fastened
this to the before-mentioned lock
and key, he put the chain about the
neck of a flea, which drew them all
with ease. ALL these together, lock
and key, chain and flea, weighed only
cJne grain and a half.
The main wheel of a watch makes
four revolutions in twenty-four hours,
or 1,460 in a year ; the second or center,
twenty-four revolutions in twentyfour
hours, or 8,760. in a year; the
third wheel, 192 in twenty-four hours,
or 09,080 in a year; the fourth wheel i
(which carries the secondhand), 1,440 i
in twenty-four liours, or 525,600 in a
year ; the fifth, or scrape-wheel, 12,964
in twenty-four hours, or 4,728,400 revolutions
in a year; while the beats or
vibrations made in twenty-four hours
are 383,800, or 141,912,900 in a year.
The highest mines in the world are
the silver mines of Cerro de Pas .o in
Peru, which are 14,396 feet above the
sea, and the quicksilver mines of
Huancavelica, in the same country,
15,090 feet above the ocean level. The
Potosi silver mine, also in Peru, is at
an altitude of 11,375 feet, and the;
famous silver mines of Puno, on the
shores of Lake Titicaca, are upward of
13,000 feet above mean tide. The deepest
mine is the new Salz Werk, a salt
mine in Westphalia, which is 2,050
ueptii or - u ii*- rntrr-tfetiey t&" Tjfyffa ain
greatly exceeds that of a like
number oi? any other kind of mines in
the world.
The principal food of Thibet is called
jamba. To make it a quantity of
powdered tea is cooked for several
hours, after which it is poured into a
churn, when salt and butter are added,
and the whole is stirred until a complete
mixture is effected. The broth
is then divided among the hungry
? ? ? ? ? ?.!? /vmv? Viif e 1-*ora in
ones, eacn ui wuum jjcta uuo puai^ m
a wooden bowl, after which a sack of
roasted barley meal is brought out.
Every one takes a handful of meal from
the sack, puts it into the tea and mixes
the mass into a shapely lump, and
swallows his dough with a keen appetite.
After the meal is over the
wooden bowls are licked clean with the
tongue and worn on the breast next to
the skin as something precious.
Torn iu Pieces by a Saw.
A man named Dangerfield, in Madison
county, Indiana, was recently
caught on a circular saw, which was
making 400 revolutions per minute,
and which threw him twenty feet in
the air. His whole breast was torn
open, exposing his heart, liver and left
lung. The pulsations of his heart
could be plainly seen, and when he i
was given a drink of water the fluid
could be seen descending to his
stomach. His lung was gashed and
part of it torn out. His liver was
nearly all gone; three ribs were torn j
from his side and thrown nearly across ;
the mill. When lie was laid on the i
bed he was propped up to keep his j
heart and lungs from falling out. He j
was perfectly conscious, and lived from |
9 o'clock in the morning till seven in i
the evening. He said that he wanted j
all his effects sent to his sweetheart, in !
C-harlestown, West Virginia. The ribs I
that had been torn from his body he ;
wanted cleaned and placed in his trunk,!
with a letter explaining how he died, j
the trunk and its contents to be sent!
.1 1?.T? TT +U/N !
to me young liwv. xa? ?cmtcu ,
county fair managers to be paid twenty-;
live cents for a ticket he had got of
them, and the same amount to the
hotel proprietor whom he owed. When ;
the doctor told him he couldn't live :
he said, " All right," and apologized
to those about him for the trouble he I
had given them.
Ire land's Iron and Coal.
There are four principal fields in !
Ireland. The Leinster Jiekl extends;
over portions of Kilkenny, Queen and j
Carlow counties, in Southern Ireland,
and the coal is most anthracite. The
East Munster coal field lies mostly in
Tipperary county, stretching from the :
river Xore toward casiiei, witn a lengin
and breadth of about twenty bv live
miles. The Connaught bituminous coal
field includes portions of Sligo, Eosconunon,
Leitrim, Fermanagh and
Cavan counties. The Tyrone coal dis-;
trict is about six miles long by one or i
two broad, nearly all in Tyrone county. |
The coal raised amounts to from 120,- 1
000 to 150.000 tons per annum, of which !
nearly two-thirds, and that by far the :
T.w.o+ riii'SAfl in the
Leinster coal Held. Since the total
: available coal in Ireland is estimated at
180,000,000 tons, it is evident that this
source of the wealth of this errand isle
; is yet to be developed. As the annual
importation is over two million tons of
i coal, there is a large home market,
which may yet induce capitalists to
i work these mines, although it must be
confessed that much of the coal is of
inferior quality. There is an abundance
of iron oro of rich quality in Antrim,
Down and Londonderry, and
rivmv nflir-r nnrts of the island, but the
scarcity of suitable coal for economical
smelt.ng has discouraged the working
of the mines until very recently. In
I860 there were but 106 tons of iron
made in Ireland; in 1876 the product
ha;l risen to 77.600 tons and in 1879 to
1155,833 tons.
[ 1R0XCLADS AS HGHTEBS.
Conclusions Drawn from Experience Since
the Monitor's Time.
Vice Admiral von Henk. of Germany,
I has published an article in a military
I periodical on the value of ironclads
! with reference to the bombardment of
I Alexandria. As military history has
as yet furnished but few materials foi
forming a final judgment as to the
i ? iMV4v xL\sLx-?/iavxxx? iv/x oixiyj, tuc jk>ui4 I
poses aimed at in its introduction and |
; the question whether these purposes
have really been attained, the writer !
, thinks it advisable to draw as many I
lessons as possible from every event in
; this field, and thus to increase our ex
i pevience.
He begins with a history of ironi
plating. The introduction of shell guns,
; soon after 1850, much diminished the
I value of Xelson's battleships, with 80
i or 100 guns. The necessity of protecting
ships of war "better against artillery
became still more urgent when
the introduction, of' steam- made'
u^Liuii jjjlulc wxnpiicated
and thus increased their
vulnerability. In the Crimean war the
Russian shells did great execution on
ships. Opinions differed greatly, howi
ever, especially in England, as to the
value of ironclads and the necessity of
their introduction, until the fight of
the Confederate ship Merrimac with
the wooden ships of the Union in
Hampton roads, and her fight with the
Monitor placed the great superiority of
ironclads beyond a doubt. On the
8th of March, 1862, the Merrimac attacked
four wooden frigates and completely
destroyed two of them. Xext
Hor eV> d imovnflrtfornTT YYI A 4" 4*V>
UttJ ClXXWy^/^^CtU-IJ XXX tU UXX^ XX \JX?~
clad battery-ship Monitor, a mere dwarf
in comparison, and was compelled tc
retreat, severely damaged. The impression
made by this fight was enormous,
and it showed two things?the
necessity of iron-plating for battleships,
and of arming them with guns
of large caliber and great piercing
power.
xiie ursu opporiumuy oj. eauimatmg
the value of iron-plating in a conflict,
ship to ship, on the high seas, was
afforded by the battle of Lissa on July
20, 1866. In that action the relations
between armor and guns were about
the same as they are now. Seven
Austrian ironclads were opposed to
eleven Italians. The armor of the
ships was pretty equal in strength on '
both sides ; the Italians were stronger
in artillery. The result is well known.
.Deducting boU who perished with the
Re d'ltalia and the Palastro, the Italians
lost only 110 men out of 5,000. ,
The total lost on the Austrian side
was thirty-three killed and 124
wounded out of 7,000, the loss on the
unarinored ship Kaiser being twentytwo
killed and eighty-two wounded;
that is, two-thirds of the whole. The
battle of Lissa was an eloquent advocate
for the incipient system of iron
plating ships of war.
In the war in South America in
1877 two unarmor<il English ships
had difficulty in repulsing the attack
of the Peruvian monitor Huascar, and
had in the end to let it go unmolested.
Of that new, malignant and deceitful
weapon, the fish torpedo, we have as
yet had 'no experience, for the pubresult
of the observation up to this
date may be condensed as follows:
First, unarmored ships cannot maintain
a fight of any duration against
the heavy guns of ships and forts:
secondly, iron-plating is still an \
effectual defense against the heaviesl
guns and consequently indispensable
for battle-ships; thirdly, rams and torpedoes
are, indeed, formidable weapons
in sea fifhting, but cannot supersede
artillery as the chief weapon, and the}
promise more chance of success ii
ironclads (because of their better protection
against the enemy's artillery)
than in unarmored ships.?London
Times.
The Chinese G-ntry.The
whole of Chinese society is, as
it were, permeated and leavened with
the influence of an irresponsible and
wealthy class, the members of which
are difficult to lav hold of, and enjoy
all the power of office without its dangers
and its liabilities. The gentry,
in a word, consists of retired officials,
wealthy persons living on their means,
and the heads or more influential members
of guilds, the largest and most
powerful of which are said to be those
of the opium merchants and bankers.
?5lit tne iiierau lorm au even muic
important section of the gentry than
the merchants. These men carry all
the weight with them which a widespread
reputation for scholarship and
orthodoxy has at its command in China.
Often poor, miserably clad and intensely
Chauvinist in their opinions,
they are the proudest of the proud, and
hate the foreigner with a hatred born
of the purest intolerance, ignorance
and contempt. It is said that the most
powerful ally of the gentry is no other
than Pei Shao-li, the chief of the eu
nuchs in attendance upon her majesty
the western empress. . After all it is j
principally wealth that has the power !
in China. It is net often that we hear
of a very wealthy gentry being forced
to disgorge by the oflicial class. He is
not only too valuable a member of society
to be dealt with so unceremoniously,
but he represents a class that
no mandarin dare offend. It is the
gentry who rule the mandarins, and
the mandarins who rule the people. It
is the gentry who turns the course of
justice to suit their own ends, who influence
the policy of government and
viceroys, who influence the passions of
x, V ?.-I 14.
tllG moo wneu it/ suiis cucij. puij^uoc,
and whose power is felt even in the
councils of the palace itself.?Overland
China Mail.
Persian Carpets.
I went to see a factory reputed to be ;
the largest in the city, though employing
less than thirty hands. The
wretched weavers sat in two low
rooms, filled with a sour and sickening j
atmosptiere. ,mosi oi mem vveieyixicfaced
weakly children of ten or twelve
years, who hardly looked up when I
entered, but remained bent over their
work, picking up the threads with their
nails, which are long and kept notched
for the purpose. The patterns are written
out in pamphlets and painfully committed
to memory, and the children j
are taught very young?the younger
the better. Their memories are
! quicker than those of grown
| up folk. So far as 1 could understand
the patterns, they seemed to be'written
in much the same style as those directions
for knitting or crochet which one
sometimes tinds on a lady's table?
knit two, pull one, thr.ad over, and
knit two together. There was also a
youth employed in reading one of the
patterns aloud. A carpet about sixteen
feet by t!>n can be purchased in
Karman for forty or fifty tomas??30
to ?iuO. borne carpets will take a year
to make, and a decently good carpet
will not be finished in less than three
months ; thus, although there are several
hundred factories in and about
. Karman, the outturn of carpets is in
i no way alarming.
j There are^i^jf^n record?there
| were many of th^&^during the civil .
; war?in which men were repeatedly
1 hurt so that death appeared inevitable.
Xo sooner would they recover
from one apparently mortal wound |1|9
| than they would receive another. The '
I UortfnrH T'l'tncc Tint 1 an cr a rr a nnhlishA-? ' ".ybsm
! a story that was widely copied of a ';:<M
man whose history was told by himself
to a correspondent in Michigan and '
whose personal appearance bore out
his story, so the correspondent said. Jj
He claimed that his troubles began
when he was only five years old, when
he fell through the roof of a shed, . ^
breaking all his ribs, both collarbones, '.jSs
his breast bone, his right arm in two
places, his left arm above the elbow . ?
J j-t- - i ~e J. r_ 1 _j r*. '' .'-'iFtSSi
auu uie uoiitis ui JIJ^ ICJL U uauu. jcr -., ;-.rg?gft
was thought that he could not recover, '
but he did. Ten years later chis rfiip > ;
was dislocated twice rs the same year,
and his. .right, an^e;: 'wa^eroken. * In .
" this had Asiatic cholera^ " ^
yellow fever and, in Central America, ;
the spotted fever. This last disease
stayed with him four months and
"peeled him like a snake." It was not
until the war broke out. however, that *3*
this remarkable man had full play for ~^j
his talents. Joining the army-he was
bayoneted in the left knee in the battle
of Gainesville and captured by the Confederates.
During his imprisonment 'gM
of three months he was sunstruck and
afterward nearly starved to death, and
was only paroled when his captors v
supposed him to be without the ability '
to do further service. In a long -.Vp
march the veins in his left leg burs?
and he almost died of hemorrhage. At .
Chancellorsville he was knocked down 2:-'M
by a spent cannon ball, and whileri-j
prostrate was run over by a field piece Gwt
of six-nound caliber, which nassed
directly over his head and body. After
recovering again and getting his
discharge he undertook one day to cut
down a tree, but by a not uncommon %7$
accident the butt of the tree flew up
as the tree fell, and this man standing
in the way, as was to have been expected
of a man of his habits, was
knocked a distance, he says, of forty
feet. He lay on the snow insensible
for eight hours, and on getting his ' --M
senses again found that his skull was '
broken and that his brains were leaking
out, and that eight of his teeth were | ^
gone. In three months he was entirely '- ?$
well?that is, all that was left was ??&
well, but in handling SGme blasting
powder he managed to ignite it and
the loss of one eye was the conse- '"1^
quence. These were the principal
accidents this man related, but he said
he had had many minor ones. In spite ^
of all he had been through he was well
and claimed to be ready to fight any
man of his age and weight, hut com- -;J|
plained that his blood was so thin
that he was unable to keep warm-even ; -f||
in summer. In olden time such a man
would have been thought by the super- :|||
stitious to have been destined for the
gallows, but there is some question
whether hanging would be a success-"" :?J||
ful operation. Whether the story is
true or not, it is all possible, and there
is nothing in it that cannot be duplicate^
in the medical records,exceptForests
and Climate.
Dr. Schomburgh, the director of tns
botanical gardens of Adelaide* Axistraiia,
has written a recent pamphlet 00
on the influence of trees upon climate.
Contrary to the opinions now beginning
to be generally accepted by ,5
scientific men, the object of the paper
is to prove that the destruction of f|
forests usually has the effect of re- ^
ducing the rainfall, while, on the contrary,
the planting of trees broadcast
over a country is one of the best .
mpt.hnds which can be adopted for
ameliorating its climate and increasing
the annual fall of rain. Plowed
soil attracts moisture to a much gi eater . v
degree than the unbroken soil In .
considering the effect which the removal
of forests has had in altering
the climate in South Australia, the only
direct test that could be taken from the
records issued by the government astronomer
is the experience, of the
neighborhood of Adelaide. If the
time is divided which has elapsed.
since 1839, the year in which observa- ?f
tions were commenced, into two pe
- " * J.U.
nods, tnere is iouna ior cue mou <u
average rainfall of 22.8 inches, and for
the second one of 21.7 inches. It will '?%
thus be seen that on the whole, the
rainfall at Adelaide is diminishing, though
very slightly, and .perhaps the
diminution in the amount of timber
may have something to do with the
change. Dr. Schomburgh, in searching
for illustrations of the effect of
trees on climate, goes further
afield, and brings forwardsome
instances in which he claims that
loss of forests means loss of rainfall, and
vice versa. He recalls how the Russians,
by burning down some of the Trans- ~j
Panrasian forests at the time of their
struggle with the Circassians, converted
the country from a fertile land 4 >-}?v ::
into a desert, simply through the cut- ""
ting off of the suppiv of rain. Similar
instances of rain having deserted a --*: ;
country denuded of forests have occurred
in the Mauritius in Jamaica,
the Azores, and it may also be added
to a still more remarkable extent in
several of the smaller West Indiaislands.
Xo sooner had the forests- . 7
of these places been destroyed
than the springs and rivulets.
began to cease to flow, the rainfall
became irregular, and even the deposition
of dew was almo*, entirely
checked. On the other hani it is accepted
that Mehemet Ali Increased the
"fertility of Egypt enormously Dy planning
trees. lie alone planted some 20,000,000
on the Delta, his successors followed
up the work, and the rain fall
rose from six inches to sixty inches.
Planting has also, says Dr. Schomburgh,
produced remarkable effects in
France and Algiers. Extensive regions
have been planted with gums
and other trees, which, for the most
part, grew to about thirty feet or forty
feet in height, and it is noticed that
the quantities of rain and dew which
now fall on the adjacent land are
double what they formerly were.
Gold Leaf "Wonders. ?
Gold leaf was mads in Egypt 1706
B. C. Homer refers to it. The temple
of Solomon was profusely gilt.
Pliny states that in his time a single
ounce of gold admitted of being beaten
out into 750 leaves, four fingers in
length by the same in breadth. This
tenuity is far exceeded in the present
day. " About 1621," says Beckmann,
" ilerunne excited general astonisfr?ment,
when he showed that the Par^ _ A
ian gold beaters could beat an ounce
j or gold into 1,600 leaves, which together
I covered a surface of 105 square feet.
But in 1711, when the pellicles discovercd
by the Germans ?arne to be
ired in Paris, Reumer found that an
ounce of gold, in the form of a cube,
five and a hsrlx lines at most in length,
! breaith and thickness, ana wnicn cov- gg
[ ered a surface of ab'iDt twenty-seven
square lines, could be so extended by
the gold beaters as to cover a surface -|a
of more than 1,466? square; feet."
^I