University of South Carolina Libraries
WEEKLY EDITION. WINNSBORO. S. C., WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1882. ESTAilJSHED IN 1844. * It >'erer Pars. It .never pays to fret or growl ^ "When fortune seems oar foe; J The better bred will push ah?ad / And strike the braver blow. r? For lack is work, ,?' And those who shirk _ Should not lament their doom * fc^T But yield to play t And clear the way. That better men have room. It never pays to foster pride, And squander wealth in show; For friends thas won are suae to run In times of "want and woe. f - The noble worth Of &U tke earth Are gems of heart and brain? A conscience clear, |b A household dear, And hands without a staio. It never pays to hate a foe Or cater to a friend, Wr\ 'To fawn or whine, much less rapine, ?-V-v Tn at frs lonrl The faults of men Are fewer -when . Each rows hi3 own canos, For friends and debts And pampered pets Unbounded mischief brew. _ ~ _ . . <* *" "" " It never pays wreck the health In drudging after gain, AfirJ hp ?? cnlr? ^rhn thinks that cold Is cheaply bought with. pain. ^ A humble lot, r^-'" A cozy cot, Have tempted even kings; % For station high That wealth would buy, Naught of contentment brings. It never pays. A blunt refrain, ; Well worthy of a song ; |gj?jjs-;1 For age and youth must learn this truth? That nothing pays that's wrong. The good and pure Alone are sure To bring prolonged success I While -what is right In Hearen's sight 1 Is al-ways sore to bless. ||f TWO EVENTS lift 'i i. it was the 3d of December and the 4th was fixed for the weddinsr dav. v O If ^ For some weeks the weather had been bitterly cold; we had had one heavy fall of snow, then a few days of hard frost, and now the air was again filled with large feathery flakes. At 4 o'clock, when I went to my own room, { wearied out both in mind and body, it: ^ was nearly dark. JS ~ My uncle's house, of which I had been an inmate for some years?for I; was an orphan?was in a remote part J of the country, five miles from a town,1 and it may easily be imagined what an ? event a wedding was in such a quiet; village. Every one, including myself, the bride-elect, had to work hard for - days beforehand, and my aunt had little svmpathv for the weak or the iji- " V -1U1C. Two or three guests had arrived, and . as there now seemed nothing more to be done but entertain them, I was sent j upstairs to rest until 7 o'clock, when my intended husband and groomsman @r were expected. The dog-cart was to be sent to meet them at the railroad a.nouf. 'fch'r^' svff brighV"uie tmrma^^x^gT^^witn an easy-chair cozilv drawn up to it. i For a "moment or two I warmed my j E frozen fingers, and then I went to the ! window, and leaning my cold forehead ] against the colder pane looked out | At upon the dreary landscape. Now the i moment was come in which to realize i my position. For weeks I had been in a dream? j a passive, hopeless creature, carried | along as it seemed by the will of others ! to a certain end?now on the eve of I jp|? my wedding day I felt miserably; M awake. Could ^ there then be no re- j spite?nothing V hope for ? " Ah, Harry! Harry!" I exclaimed,' " where are you now ? Why this long, j 1~ o Iitia unr^Anf a <_ */%-" * iUlig l.liUC mtUUUU C* iiuv, mvuvuu t? r ?,-. - \ word? Have I not, in spite of taunts ggatg -* and entreaties, waited the seven years I promised, and more? Was it not \ only when the bread of charity grew sy$V..- too bitter, and no means permitted me ' for earning my livelihood?when no gpl; hope remained of seeing you again? that I gave way? "Twice I have refused Mr. Denton's j hand. "What could I do when he offered it the third time? I mean, Heaven Wkf'-L* knows I mean to make him a good wife. I am grateful to him, for why ^ should he choose me?a girl without a penny and no heart worth having? They say I have a pretty face; I supSlU j p?se it was that. Harry used to like my bl-:e eyts and wavy hair years ago. BL V "This is the last night I may think of you, Harry, the bonny lad I love so well! Where are you now ? Still beyond the wide Atlantic, striving for the money to enable us to marry ? or, as they would wish me believe, dead ? I am in sore distress, Harry. Surely bound up as we were in one another, my spirit can hardly thus be moved & V?; - Teit.hnnt stirrin.cr some chord in vours. wherever you may be?whether in far distant lands or in that still stranger and more unknown country from J*. whence no traveler returns. l&God help me!" I cried in my 9p- - anguish ; " God help me, I sorely need Then I opened the window, and PP& looked out over the fiat country lying so still in its white shroud; and I gazed BR up into the gray, stony sky, but it was obscured by the flakes of snow, wiucn j|3( came down thicker and thicker until at 4 last nothing else was to be sien in gCl / earth or heaven. "Miss Nellie! Miss Nellie!" said W\ the warning voice of the old houseI iv'^r keeper, "what are you doing, my f t i- dear? Trying to catch your death of |?w cold? and to-morrow your wedding day !" She drew, me away and closed . the window. " I've got a nice cup of tea for you; come and sit down, lovey, and drink ft. I don't wonder you feel anxious like, for it's awful weather." fP1?? /?/\/\^ a!/? cjahI cot hv ?JL OUC ^lA/Vi KSXKL i?vui cuv \*v ?? A-h v the fire, and told me various stories, which she assured me were authentic, of similar snow-storms under similar circumstances, and how when her own mother was married the wedding party had to walk to church over the tops of the hedges on frozen snow. Then my aunt came in; she was f naturally a stern, managing woman, and-we'had never been very good friends; but she spoke kindly to me then, and told me not to be anxious if the train was delayed a little. My uncle soon followed "her, and gave me a kiss, saying, "Cheer up, Xellie! they'll be here sooner or later." Ah ; what a hypocrite I was! None of them knew my dread of the coming morrow; how I had prayed like a criminal for a reprieve. And yet, to do myself justice, I did honor Mr. Denton; I meant to obey, and hoped in +/n intro him. "Rut the hours h UUJUV WV *v ? V passed on, and even I began to grow ^^^^wwpdoiis for his safety. o'clock came, and the groom an ^fe^iurned from the station. Old . ^ gardener, who had manIjOnSj.tlw^e in from the cottage, I BL -- -;v I ^ ^ i it as his opinion that they would not [ i come that night. "Lor' bless you. sir," be said, "James j knows what he's about, and he'd never ' ! risk crossing the hills such weather as jthis; it's as much as their lives are ! worth." i My uncle kissed me again. "Never I mind, Nellie ; they won't hurt in the j station for one night, with a big fire, ! and we'll have them over the first j thing in the morning and so at last we retired for "he night. To bed, but not to sleep. A new ; hope had sprung up which I hardly ; dared acknowledge to myself. If the storm would only continue until after ! 12 o'clock the next day, so as to make the wedding impossible, who could tell what might happen next? I might be taken ill; had I not pains in all my limbs, and was not my head burning already? T rAOA CATfATMil JL iuot uuicouuiiii^ LIIC ; and looked out. Still snowing heavily, as far as I could see. In the morning there was no change, and a very gloomy and depressed party met at the breakfast-table. A few unsuccessful attempts were made to be cheerful during the meal, but when it was over all was silence, except an occasional whisper from one of the anxious faces at the windows, trying vainly to peer through the thick white veil. That it was tseless to dress all had agreed, and wrapped in a large shawl I lay on the sofa by the fire, with my QTTAC AT\ A! An!' TAT\ A* A! A A% \JLL l/Ul; V/IVA/It. X CI1 \J eleven. At the half hear my heart almost stopped beating. Twelve o'clock at last?and so the reprieve had come. But hardly had the final stroke sounded when a maid servant burst into the room. " Come quick, sir; there is a messenger !" My aunt anil uncle followed her quickly. I rose also, but staggered and sank back on the sofa. "Sit still, Nellie," said my brideTY? "Nfo rt? T ftft. 44 T*!l rtAWA nr\/^ IULCU.ll, JJLULJ liCC? J. IX tUlIIC Ct-'iU tCll you all about it ," and she ran after them, followed by the other guests. They seemed a long time away, and at last I got up, and like one in a ; dream groped my way to the kitchen. ; It was a large, gloomy place at any time, and that morning there was no i; light from without, the panes were so | blocked up with snow; only the fire 1 < lighted up the group before me. The j; j messenger?a tall, strong man, but 1 ! evidently much exhausted?sat by the ] I hearth, the ineltincr snow forming a ! pool around him. My aunt, seated at 1 the table, looked as if she were faint- ] ing, while my uncle questioned the 1 man in a subdued voice. Every face j ( "looked pale and horrified. ( "What is the matter?" I asked, and t my voice sounded to me as if it were a t long way off. t "There has been an accident with s the dog-cart, Xellie," said Mary Lee, putting her arm around me. f " Is any one hurt ?" A pause. " 2Ir. Denton is hurt, my c UCtfd, ScUU IIlj UUUIC. \ "Much?" I whispered, for my voice s seemed to have gene from me. a I looked from one to the other as no I answer came, and then my uncle tried S to lead me away. s I understood no w how it was. f "lie is dead!" I said, and I fell y stone floor. \ It. is nearly two years since I wrote anything in my di;iry, for I seem now too busy to attend to it, and yet things have altered very*much in the last two * years. My surroundings are changed, and I trust there is a change for the 1 better in myself. During my long illness which followed that awful snow- ^ storm, my aunt heird of the death of ^ her son-in-law in the south, my cousin * Edith's husband, and it was arranged s for the widow and her only child to re- T turn to her old home. This rendered c my presence even less necessary than J modo if 'ill fho niAro fciV CVCi, auu XJUC4W.V iu mi wiv AUVAV my dear old friend and doctor to propose a scheme he had formed for the \ mutual benefit of Ids wife and myself, * as he kindly put it, * It was for me to live with them as companion, housekeeper, and in fact daughter, for they had never had ; children of their own, and his wife was a confirmed invalid. "With this 1 new home health returned to both body and mind. For some years I had lived in a world of my own, with but 1 nna triiant oriel AT! P PDfl in vifW. I UUV 'VjVVW thought that I tried to do my duty? ; to bear patiently the monotonous rou| tine of my uncle's house?not to reply ! S to my aunt's often harsh words. 1 ] taught in the schools, made flannels i for the poor; and yet I lived really and . truly for myself, with but little sympa- 1 thy for those immediately around me. " There was a different atmosphere in 1 Dr. Fanshaw's house. His noble, un- 1 tiring work among the sick and suffer- ! i ing filled me with wonder ana respect- |: j fuT admiration, and so did the patience ! ana unselfishness of his gentle, lady' like wife, who had been confined to | her couch with a spinal complaint for | many years. In a few months, however, came a i: ! great trial. The strong man fell sick : | and died; I nursed him to the last, and ' j I promised never to leave Ms poor wife. . I It was a sad blow to her at first, but I borne with her usu il quiet resignation. : ; Xow she is quite cheerful again. I i know she thinks her time here will be I but short, and the hope of a happy : meeting with "hint she loved is her ; cmei soiaca. jl, u?, uiu i wigucu < i ftappy. The doctor's will has removed j I one source of anxiety as to the future, | ' and I am now eight-and-twenty, and ; I feel that I can settle down thankfully j | in that state of li::e in which it has j pleased God to place me. I can even write calmly of Harry,! who is alive and getting on well. Of ; course he is nothing to me now, and I i dare say has almost forgotten me in i . all these years. "Well, such things will; happen in the chances and changes of j life, but I shall never forget him. He ! i will choose some other wife, and I hope j they will be happy, but she will not! love him better tlu.n the 2s cllie of oid. i Here I was interrupted by the ring | of the bell and a note. To my great j surprise it was from Mrs. Leedon i t (Harry's mother), asking me to call I upon her in the afternoon. "What | could she want? Nine years ago she j and my aunt broke off the engagement i bet ween Harry and me. Ah! it was a hard and cruel time! I "We were, as they said, foolish, penni-1 less young creatures; but then we ! loved each other, and he was willing to i work and 1 to wait. But that waB all ! over now. After our early dinner I made the invalid comfortable for her afternoon j i nap and started for my two-mile1 | walk. ,; A bright winter afternoon, clear, i i pale sky, hard roads, and glittering I hoar-frost lying on trees and hedges.j : I soon reached Mrs. Leedon's cottage, j i cv.a iz-.z-a-oii t tvim'orit 111110)1 sorpri. and 1 > ! iWAVU, -i? ? ^ , there was an unusual nervousness in i her manner. After a little attempt at conversa: j tion she said: "Ellen, I hope in what | happened some years ago you gave me, | at least, credit for conscientious mo- j i! tives." "Mrs. Leedon," I replied, hastily, "that time is long past, and I have no wish to recall it." "But. my dear, you must see now what an imprudent thing an engagement would have been." I rose to go. " It is all over Mrs. Leedon, I repeat. Right or wrong, what was then done can never be undone. "Stay a moment. Ellen. What I have to tell you is of such importance that I must beg you to hear me patiently." She took my hand and drew me to the sofa by her. " At that time I acted, as I still j think, for the best; but two years ago j I fear I made a mistake?that is your i aunt and I. Soon after your engage-! ment to Mr. Denton I received a letter I from my son, considerably after date, j inclosing one to you. He told me! that he proposed coming home in a few months, and as he had now an ap-; pointment which would enable him to | marry he hoped to persuade you to i return with him as his wife. As your : uncle had forbidden any correspond- i ence, he inclosed a letter for you in I mine." I sprang to my feet. "And why did I not have that letter'?" "Be calm, Ellen. Indeed, my dear, I am now very sorry. I took my letter to show to your uncle and saint, and by their advice destroyed the in closure. They thought you were at last settled in your mind and happy; and, of course, wished to avoid such a terrible upset as a renewal > . the past would have caused." " It was a shameful breach of trust, i Mrs. Leedon," I exclaimed, vehemently; "and cruel, very cruel! I was no young child to be treated so," and I buried my face in my hands. "Where now was my boasted self-possession? I was sobbing bitterly. At last I raised my head. "And what did Harry say when he heard of it ?" "My poor chiid," said Mrs. Leedon, "he said nothing, only that there was now no reason for his return home." " I must go now," I said, faintly, for I felt worn out and miserable. "Do not send for me, or ever speak of it again, please." Her eyes were full of tears as she accompanied me to the door. "Try to forgive me, Nellie. I would 2;ive much for you to meet each other igain. At .ill events he knows the iruth now. Don't think too hardly of me." As I crossed the field which lay be .ween -\irs. JLeeaon s nouse ana tne j high road my mind was full of contusion ; grief and indignation preiominated, and then a wild hope sudlenly sprang up, but that brought me ;o myself. "This is madness," I ;hought; "I am but laying the founda;ion for future disappointment and i sorrow." Before I passed through the gate I j ;olded my hands upon it, closed my! yes, and muttered, " Thy will be lonethen I dried my eyes and valked quickly homeward. As I 'azed round on the wide, flat fields tnd straight road, I could not help j ikening the landscape to my life, j Sameness, monotony, and, when it j hould please God to take my one kind j riend from me, great loneliness. And -et it need not be unhappv. Siiram^. siould fflmp m it.^oaatrtr to brighten O&j&elds^MiA^? ras sparkhng m the sun. And then I :ad the privilege of a straight path of .uty which could ne t be mistaken. The long road seemed to stretch on o the horizon, and straight before me he sun, round and crimson, had just i ouched the earth. The road was very lonely, and as I ould only see one solitary human; ieing approaching me in the distance, j . quickened my steps, for Mrs. Fan-; haw was apt to be nervous when I vas out late. As he approached I per:eived it was a tall man, wrapped in a )laid. My eyes were too much dazed >y the sun for me to see his face, but I hought he was looking earnestly at j ne. He walked a few steps past me, tnd then returned, saying, " Will you kindly direct me to Mrs. Leedon's cot;age at Earlswood?" I turned round and looked at him, ;hen I involuntarily held out my hands. Chey were warmly clasped, and in a noment I was pressed to liis breast. " Harry!" "Nellie, darling, are you glad to see ne again?' A Successful Practical Joke. A correspondent of the Boston rraiisci-ijrt declares that Mr. James Russell Lowell once made up his mind ;o play a joke upon the Atlantic Monthly, and to that end wrote an article called the "Essence of American Elumor," which was said by the friends ! to whom he read it to be among the j best of his writings. " He employed some one to copy it," says the correspondent, " and signed it 1W. Perry | Paine,' and sent it to the Atlantic! frith the request that, as it was a maiden effort, the editor would give an opinion in writing to said Paine. He waited a fortnight, but heard nothing from his paper, when, being in Boston, he dropped into the office of the Atlantic, and, meeting James T. Fields, adroitly turned the conversation upon humor, and remarked it was singular so little was written upon the subject. Fields replied: ' We get a great deal of manuscript on' humor, but it is so poor that we cannot use it. I threw into the waste-basket the other day a long j screed christened the " Essence of American Humor," wnicn snouici riave been styled the "Essence of Nonsense," for a more absurd farrago cf stuff I have never seen.' Lowell, much to the surprise of the editor, burst into a roar of laughter and informed Mr. Fields of the authorship of the article. The editor turned all colors and swore it was one of Lowell's jokes. 'Indeed it is,' responded Lowell, ' and the best joke I ever played. I never thought highly of my scribbling, but, by Jove! I didn't believe it was the most ridiculous farrago of stuff you had ever seen.' By way of self-defense, Fields declared he did not read the thing, but that he did not believe that a man who signed his first name or>/l flio cor>nnr} full ?> it 11 CliV illlvKU liUU. VJ?V av?4* : could write for the Atlantic. That was about as ingenious an excuse as he could make for his partiality." Animals and Odors. A writer r,n odors and their reeocmi tion, in the Journal of Science, says : Take an ox, a sheep or a goat to a country where the liora is strange, and he will browse upon plants analogous, in odor with those which have formed his food in his native land. But whenever he perceives a strange effluvium given off he avoids the plant as doubtful. A superfluous bear at the Paris zoo had a bun with prussic acid on it given him. But bruin was not to be caught that way. He pushed it into the water, and not until the odor was entirely gone did lie eat it. The poison had then lost its force. Animals have pronounced tastes in odors. The literal in "fine frenzy rolling" of the cat in catnip is notorious, while the pard and panther grow amiable beneath the influence of laverder water. TrOEDS OF WISDOM. If you believe in evil you have done i evil. : He who knows much has much to i care for. I Count that day as lost in which you have not had a good laugh. | Gravity is but the rind of wisdom' ; but it is the preservative rind. ; A man of sense may love like a : madman, but never like a fool. The secrets of life are not shown ; except to sympathy and likeness. The first and last thing which is required of Jgenius is the Iovp of truth. Language is not an instrument into which, if a fool breathe, it will make melody. Do not' r' -?nt-minded, requiring the speaker repeat what he has said that you may understand. Jjashfulness may sometimes exclude pleasure, but seldom ever opens any avenue to sorrow or remorse. Attrition is to the stone what good influences are to the man; both polish while they reveal hidden beauties. That leader will rail who acts oil the counsel of t hose whose intelligence and mear.s of information are inferior to his own. A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner; neither do uninterrupted prosperity and success qualify for usefulness and happiness. The storms of adversity, like the storms of the ocean, arouse the faculties and excite the invention, prudence, skill and fortitude of the voyagers. rrofits of Cattle Raisins'. A correspondent who has been investigating the cattle raising business of the plains says: After a good deal of cross-questioning and figuring I arrived at some conclusions as to the profits of cattle raising as a business. I met one man, for instance, who had just returned from Chicago, where he had sold a thousand bead of cattle at an average of $-10. They were a little over three years old, and had been on his ranch two years. He bought them ieon oo Ill 1UOV 1V1 S?V CL Iicau. VUUil l/lllg 111terest, care-taking, loss by death and all other items of expense, they stood him, when put on the cars ;>t $11.50 each. Add to this an average of $5 each for transportation from Ogaliala, Xeb., to Chicago?$100 per car the actual cost, and an average of twenty head to the car?and the animals on the market have cost him him $16.50 each, leaving a net profit of $23,500 on the herd. Thi s was simply one?and not a large one?of many transactions made in the course of the year by the same stockman. Ir.deed, it was in the nature of an outside transaction, because the rule is to raise the cattle from birth instead of buvinff them at a vear old. : This gentleman has already sold 16,- ; 500 head of cattle this year, an! now has on his ranch 15,000 head, of -which he expects to send about 5,000 head to ' market before the close of the season. 1 It is very safe to say that a man start- i ing with 2,500 head of cattle can after the second year keep up his herd and 1 sell ?25,000 worth of cattle, every year; 1 that is^to^sav, he eiyW-j " RiltJLrvOO laaad o?-oaifck> aro-ctraiictereCt" ~i a small ranch. The average is more ' than twice that number. Of possible : and actual losses to tne business mere are really none to speak of. Two per 1 cent, will cover all the losses by death for a good year, winter and summer, ' and, strange to say, the losses are greater in summer than in winter. In a very bad year, when disease is prevalent, the loss never exceeds five per cent. The stockman's year begins in INI ay with what is called the " round up." At the close of the season in the early winter the cattle are turned loose without herdsmen, and allowed to roam through the whole of "Western Nebraska and Wyoming, finding food and shelter as they can. "When the spring opens a small army of cowboys is employed?each stockade contributing to the force in proportion to his interest? ., range the whole plains, gather up the cattle and drive to certain stations or places previously i agreed upon at a meeting of stock- j m?n held at Cheyenne. From these immense gatherings each owner selects the cattlu bearing his brand, and forms them into a herd to be driven to his ranch; he also oranus tne yearn ngs of hi> herd, who have up to this time run with their mothers. After this grand division the cattle are put in charge of cowboys for the summer. The grass is fine and they improve rapidly, and are ready for market in June or July. For the largest ranch the expense up to this time is not over $600. The cowboys get about ?30 each for the "round up," but no stockman is allowed to furnish less ~han twelve, no matter how small his herd may be. Some are taxed as high as twenty cowboys. The matter is all arranged at a meeting of the stockmen held under the auspices of the Stockmen's association. When the cattle are all gathered in and branded for the summer the only help needed for the rest of the year is a sufficient number of cowboys to watch " * * n? ^ Vv?r tne nereis, which is geuercuiv uuue u> sleeping in the gniss under some friendly shade. Three cowboys will take care of 5,000 cattle, keep them all together and drive to the railroad stations such as are to be sent to market. Antiquity of the American 3Ian. How long has man been on this planet ? is a question often asked, but! the answer is always unsatisfactory. The remains of implements and articles used by human beings have been found in strata, hundreds of thousands ?.1^1 K /-/vn ^ 'Iff VrttTA nOP<JA/l I 01 years <J1U. iiiuoi. iia.> o pa?cu | since tlie savage man first emerged j from a semi-brute condition. Mr. | Wiggins, of "Waverly, X. J., found on j the top of the Alleghany mountains, in Perry county, Pennsylvania, a piece | of metaohoric limestone upon which was clearly visible the print of the right foot of a human being. The impression is about an inch deep and I shows the five toes and the perfectly | formed foot of a man. This piece of stone has been sent to the Smithsonian lllSlilUUUlI. -LUC VI an- j tiquity and must have antedated the 1 oldest memorials of Egypt. It certainly is the eldest trace of man in America. Electricity in Farming-. J. A. Barrel, of the National Agricultural society of France, anticipates that within thirty years as great a revolution will have been effected by electricity as has been effected by steam in the last thirty. Among uses | to which it has already been put for | agricultural purposes he mentioned | liefoy's curb-bit for breaking horses, i tlio plpftn'p <;pivr> used in mill's pvneri ! ments of the use of electric light on | plants, the Felix electric plow and i saws?one a circular saw which cuts ' up whole trunks of trees into planks, the other a vertical saw which does the finest kind of work. Electricity is also employed successfully for artificial incubation, and also for "trying" eggs. r Noted Xoses. The annals of surgery contain many cases where the nose has been cut or | torn off, and, being replaced, has grown 1 fast again, recovering its jeopardized | functions. One of the earliest (1680) is related by the surgeon Fioraventi who happened to be near by when a i man's nose, having been cut off, had I -r~n~ tt. 1? i-u-i I luiieu iU me suuu. xie rexiicuivs uja.b lie took it up, washed it, replaced it, and that it grew together. lie adds the address of the owner of the repaired nose, and requests any doubter to go and examine it for himself. llegnault. in the Gazette Salutaire, 1714, tells of a patient whose nose was bitten off by a smuggler. The owner of the nose wrapped it in a bit of cloth and sought Regnault, who. "although the part was cold, reset it, and it became attached." Although these cases call for more credulity than most of us have to spare, yet later cases published in trustworthy journal? would seem to corroborate them. In the Clinical Annals and Medical Gazette, of Heidelberg, 1830, there are sixteen similar cases cited by the surgeon (Dr. T^.'iucker), who was ' appointed by the senate to attend the duels of the students: It seems a little strange, considering how often the operation of making a new nose has been performed in Apierica since Dr. J. Mason "Warren, in 1857, j maue uie nrst successiui one in boston, i that we never see one. Probably none j of us here, save we have been medical j students, ever saw one, and yet nearly ' every prominent surgeon in the country has performed the operation with success several times. False noses arar made of papier ! maclie, leather, gold, silver and wax. | These last are fitted to spectacles or j springs, and are verv difficult to dis- ] tinguish from a true nose. Tyclio Brahe lost his nose in a duel and wore a golden one, which was attached to his face with a cement he always carried about. It is a little singular, though, how long a period and down to what recent times it lias been the practice to cut off the nose of criminals. How often tyr- i annv has amused itself with this occu- ! pation for trivial offenses! Iianieses III. used to cut off the nose of any subject accused of talking treason against him. Actisanes, another ruler ol' Egypt, had a novel way of punishing robbers. He cut off" their noses und colonized them?the robbers?in a desert place, which he called Rhinoco- j nun, from the nature of the punish- j ment of its citizens. On tLo other ' hand, and more humane, perhaps, was ! Ids punishment of dishonest butchers. | It was unique. A hook was put I through their nose and a piece of meat was liung upon it. In 1G71 Charles II." had Lord Coven- ! try's (keeper of the seal of England) nose cut off because he dared to ask in parliament an inquisitive question about some actresses.of the day. Later Frederick the Great had a nobleman's nose cut off because he protested openly that he had been enrolled in the army through fraud. Criminals have been knownto'cut off their nose to escape detection. Even to-clay wa hear of such accounts as this t>ars.rs of March report a- castr-ife?^Ireland ban d cut off the nose of it man because in a poor law guardian contest he canvassed in opposition to the candidate of the land leaguers." Within historical times there are records of some wonderful noses. In I the medals of Cyrus and Artaxerxes, the tips of their noses come dose out to the rim of the coin. Antiochus VII. was an imposing prince. They called him " Grypus," because his nose was as big and hooked as a vulture's j beak. But then the ancient Persians | permitted only the owners of large j noses to enjoy royal honors. Mohammed's nose must have been /nirmcitv Tt. sn f!11TVPd the uoint I seemed to be endeavoring to insert itself between his lips. A later time and phenomenal nose must have been that of the Great Frederick. Lavater offers! to wager his reputation that blindfolded he could tell it out of 10,0'jO other noses, by simply taking it between his thumb and forefinger. The nose of the Emperor Kudolph, of Austria, saved his life in an odd kind of a way. During one of his campaigns a troop of knights entered into a conspiracy to kill him. A peasant who was employed about the tents of the conspirators one evening overheard them say, "To-morrow we'll 1 1 ? J 2. U? 4.* surprise Old oig-nose, auu uuo mm. tu | pieces." After Ms work was over the | peasant started out to visit some friends in another part of the camp. The emperor, who was going about with some of his knights, meeting the man, asked who he was, and what was I going on in his part of the camp. He innocently told that there would be fun next morning, as they were going to cut a big-nose in pieces. But they had not even a chance to get out of bed " next morning." Xapoleon I. was said to be influenced in his choice of officers by the size of the nose. All remember what the Parisians called Napoleon III., " Grosbec "?Xosey. Gibbon had Uftn/lltf ?-? ? ? r\r> ?\ of .nil TT o "hor? o tirco> I liaiuiy auj liuot; ciu an* jljl^ xjccu. c* II VV/ | little protuberance in the middle of his face which, by courtesy, -was called a nose, but it was hardly discernible, set in between two enormous cheeks. It is sakl of Soame .Tenyns that he wondered how anybody so u^ly as Gibbon could write a book, and yet Jenyns also wrote books, and had an enormous wen under his jaw, had eyes that protruded like a lobster's, and yet allowed room enough for another wen between them and his nose.?Progress. Olive Orchards of Italy. rni i:? ? JLIJC uiivc uituaiuo Aiwio JLICI^UCUUAJ cover the sides of the Appenine mountains quite to the top. Thousands of acres are devoted to olive culture. When we used to read in the Bible about the people who ate bread, wine and olives, we always supposed, you remember, that an olive was a fruit to be eaten ripe, like a peach or an orange. It seems necessary to reconstruct our Bible belief in this respect. They tell us Jiac umt ciii uiivc 0* xiuii \> must never be eaten raw ; that in that state it is a bitter,burning, acid-casting thing which a goat itself would refuse i to take down. It is a product to be j pickled and then eaten, usually with j bread. In the pickled state those who are accustomed to eating it in its native j state say it is delicious There are ! various ways of preserving the olive. ! It is chiefly raised, however, for the | oil, on which, it is said* a great proat ! is Tnnrlfv Thprfi seems to be no crnofl j reason why it could not be cultivated ! successfully in Florida, and perhaps in ; other parta of the Southern United I States. In appearance the olive tree | is about the size and shape of an ori dinary peach tree, with a gnarled ! trunk. Its leaf is the shape of a peach ; leaf, but small, harsh and stiff. The colur of the foliage is a pale, dull green, like that of a sage bush, the true esthetic shade.?Cincinnati Comj merdal. i A volume of water cannot be called ; dry reading. | THE HOME DOCTOE. Corcir Cuke.?A recent cough will j almost always yield to the following treatment within two or three days : I Mix in a bottle four ounces of glyce| rine, two ounces of alcohol, two ounces i of water, two grains of morphine. ! Shake well. Dose for an adult, one to j two teaspuonfuls every two or three ' hours. Ilalf this quantity to children j from ten to fifteen years old. It is not saie 10 give it to children under ten years of age. A physician who makes a specialty : of rectal diseases writes a long article | on the effect of horseback riding on ; those who are troubled with piles. | I lis conclusion is that horseback exer| cise is not prejudicial, but is rather apt j to be beneficial in such cases. And he i thinks there is nothing more certain i to prevent the occurrence of hemcr; rhoids than regular horseback riding, j He says that in Bellevue hospital a | gymnastic movement is practiced to ! cure hemorrhoids. "It consists sim j ply in trying to touch the toes with the i lingers without bending the knees. It not only strengthens and develops the muscles of the abdomen, but also those of the legs and thighs. It assists the action of certain remedies, and thus aids in a curc."?Dr. Footers Health j Monthly. \ Sick Children*.?The vicissitudes j 1 necessarily incident to an out-door and j nrimit.ivo mrvlia nf li-fn om norw ! I ?aj>4i U* V 4*t?'V4V V*. U1 V UV> ti tuv> first causes of any disease, though they may sometimes betray its presence. Bronchitis, nowadays perhaps the most frequent of all infantile diseases, makes no exception to this rule ; a draft of cold air may reveal the latent progress of the disorder, but its cause is long confinement in a vitiated and overheated atmosphere, and its proper remedy ventilation and a mild, phlecm-! loosening (saccharine) diet,warm sweet milk, sweet oatmeal porridge or honey water. Select an airy bedroom, and | do not be afraid to open the windows, i Among the children of the Indian j tribes who brave in open tents the ter- i rible winters of the Hudson Bay terri- i tory, bronchitis, croup and diphtheria i are wholly unknown; and what we : call "taking cold" might often be more correctly described as taking hot; glowing stoves, and even open fires in a night nursery, greatly aggravate the pernicious effects of an impure atmosphere. The first paroxysm of croup can be promptly relieved by very simple remedies?fresh air and a rapid iorwarci-ana-DacKwara movement of the arms, combined in urgent cases j with the application of a flesh j brush (or piece of flannel) to the neck ! and the upper part of the chest. Pare- j goric and poppy syrup stop the cough ; by lethargizing the irritability and i thus preventing the discharge of the I phlegm till its accumulation produces j a second and far more dangerous par- J oxysm. These second attacks of croup j (after the administration of pallia-1 tives) are generally the fatal ones, j "When a child is convalescing, let him j oeware ot stimulating food and over-1 heated rooms. Do not give aperient j' medicines; costiveness, as an aftereffect I of pleuretic affections, will soon yield :: to freslr air and vegetable diet.?Pop- ' ular Science Monthly. \ Cost of a Trio to Enroce. 1 -can 'write: me cost ojl -a mp ; i which he nv vv-to Europe. He says:! i Prior to leavh' ^Baltimore we planned j: the whole of ou?trip, calculating to be i absent for seventy days. "\Ve started | on the 7th day of July, and reached !; T?oWimAro n-n nnr rptnrn ml t.!lP nf 1 September, having been precisely sev- . enty days absent. Of this period we i were twenty-three days on the ocean? ; three days longer than wo expected? leaving forty-seven days for the tour, : which were spent as follows: < In Liverpool one day, _ : In London live days, In Paris ten days, At Vichv Springs three days, At Geneva four days, At Berne one day, At Interlaken three days, At Zurich two days, At Lucerne two days, At Lake Constance three days, At Falls of Rhine one day, At Strasburg two days, At Mayence one day, Down the Rhine one day, At Cologne two days, At Brussels three days, At Antwerp turee days. The entire cost of this tour of I seventy days from Baltimore and back | to Baltimore, for a party of five, three ! of whom were ladies, was $1,884.20, j being for each of the party $377, or! about ?5.45 per day. This was for all j manner of traveling expenses, in-1 eluding those of sight-seeing, carriage hire, operas, theatres, concerts, fees, etc. We traveled lirst-class in the cars everywhere, except in Germany, and stopped at the best hotels, in no ; way stinting expenses. We were de- j sirous of ascertaining exactly tor what: such a summer trip could be accom- j plished, and the accounts were kept; strictly. The Girl of th^ilver i)ollar. j Miss Anna W. AW-ams is the name j of the lady whose profile is stamped i upon our Bland silver dollar of the j United States. When the clever young designer. Morgan, was brought j to this country from England in 1876 ! to make a design for a new dollar, he ! settled down in Philadelphia and looked ' about for a model for"~the head of a Goddess of Liberty, which wasno be j stamped on one side of the coin. He i /vrl ".riccs TVillJomc wtin \vns flf ! I OCiA^UtU. 1'Xl.W IT Uimiww, f. .? , that time living with her mother and ! aunt in Spring Garden street. The j designer, before attempting to make a j sketch, visited the Academy of Fine ; Arts in Philadelphia and was for months engaged in studying American J art, in order to be able to thoroughly ! Americanize his work. He desired; to present as the principal figure: | on the coin a representative 'head of the American female; beauty. His first idea was to make a i fanciful head of the Goddess of Liberty,, but he finally determined to take as a : model a living American girl. "With j this end in view he. with the aid of a j friend in thft <>itv who is an artist of decided merit, succeeded in finding a lady whose profile struck him as being exactly what he wanted : but it was with considerable difficulty t hat lfeper{ suaded her to sit fur him. Finally Miss ! ! Williams, who was the lady he had ! selected, consented, although it did not I j occur to her at the time that she might! become historically famous. After four trying sittings Mr. Morgan succeeded in making traces sufficient to proceed with his work. He declared that the profile was the most perfect i he had ever seen, either in this country or in England, and at once proceeded to sketch the head which now appears i on the face of all the Bland dollars. | The identity of the original of this ! famous figure was kept a profound j secret for two years. The revised census gives the populaj tion of Scotland at 3,735,573, an increase of eleven per cent, since 1871, a rate of progress not exceeded since the third decade of the present century. In 1800 the population was 1,600,900. FACTa FOR THE CURIOUS. In a mine near Marietta, Ga., water | of a peculiar color is found in gre.it quantities that resembles rich wine. A | few drops of nutgall makes it a very ; fine writing ink. I A queer custom is observed in a town 1 in Alsace. The authorities publish a ! careful and true list of all the resident | drunkards. The list embraces thirty, one persons. All innkeepers are for; bidden to sell intoxicating drinks to them. General John Payne, of Warsaw, Ky., probably is the oldest pensioner on the United States pension rolls. He is eighty-seven years old, and has been drawing a pension for the loss of an arm in the service ever since 1820? i sixty years. The children in a family living at Port Valley, Ga., have novel names. After losing many children, the bereaved father and mother were informed that if they would give their children the names of wild animals all would live to a good old age. They have now four healthy children named Rabbit, Coon, Fox and Possum. A common Chinese talisman is the "hundred families' lock," to procure which a father goes round among his friends, and, having obtained from a hundred different parties a few of the copper coins of the country, he himself adds the balance to purchase an ornament or appendage fashioned like a lock, which he hangs on his child's | neck, for the purpose of locking him figuratively to life, and making the hundred persons concerned in his attaining old age. In the twentieth year of Queen Elizabeth, a blacksmith named Mark bcaliot made a lock consisting of eleven pieces of iron, steel and brass, all of which, together with a key to it, weighed but one grain of gold. He also made a chain of gold, consisting of forty-three links, and, having fastened this to the before-mentioned lock and key, he put the chain about the neck of a flea, which drew them all with ease. All these together, lock and key, chain and flea, weighed only c>he grain and a half. The main wheel of a watch makes four revolutions in twenty-four hours. or 1,460 in a year ; the second or cen- ! ter, twenty-four revolutions in twentyfour hours, or 8,760. in a year; the third wheel, 192 in twenty-four hours, or 69,080 in a year; the fourth wheel { (which carries the secondhand), 1,440 [ in twenty-four hours, or 525,600 in a year ; the fifth, or scrape-wheel, 12,964 in twenty-four hours, or 4,728,400 rev-i olutions in a year; while the beats or vibrations made in twenty-four hours are 388,800, or 141,912,900 in a year. The highest mines in the world are the silver mines of Cerro de Pasco in Peru, which r-; A-?,396 feet above the sea, and the quicksilver mines of Huancavelica, in the same country, 15,090 feet above the ocean level. The Potosi silver mine, also in Peru, is at an altitude of 11,375 feet, and the famous silver mines of Puno, on the shores of Lake Titicaea, are upward of 13,000 feet above mean tide. The deepest mine is the new Salz Y?"erk, a salt mine in Westphalia, which is 2,050 ain greatly exceeds that of a like number o?any other kind of mines in the world. The principal food of Thibet is called jamba. To make it a quantity of powdered tea is cooked for several hours, after which it is poured into a 1 - ? i 4.x ! churn, wnen sail ana uutier are uuul-u, ; and the whole is stirred until a complete mixture is effected. The broth is then divided among the hungry . ones, each of whom gets his share in ; a wooden bowl, after which a sack of roasted barley meal is brought out. . Every one takes a handful of meal from the sack, puts it into the tea and mixes ' the mass into a shapely lump, and swallows his dough with a keen appetite. After the meal is over the wooden bowls are licked clean with the tonrrue and worn on the breast next to the skin as something precious. Torn iii Pieces by a Saw. A mr>n nnmwl T)rmorprfipl<L in Madi- i son county, Indiana^ was Recently caught on a circular saw, whfch was making 400 revolutions per minute, and which threw him twenty feet in the air. His whole breast was torn open, exposing his heart, liver and left lung. The pulsations of his heart | could be plainly seen, and when he was given a drink of water the fluid could be seen descending to his stomach. His lung was gashed and part of it torn out. His liver was nearly all gone; three ribs were torn i from his side and thrown nearly across j the mill. When he was laid on the j bed he was propped up to keep his [ he-art and lungs from falling out. He i was perfectly conscious, and lived from ft o'clock in the morning till seven in ; + i?n o-i-^nin/r TTr> snirl that, hp wanted ; all his effects sent to his sweetheart, in i Charlestown, West Virginia. The ribs | that had been torn from his body lie wanted cleaned and placed in his trunk,; with a letter explaining how he died,; the trunk and its contents to be sent; to the young lady. lie wanted the j county fair managers to be paid twenty-: live cents i'or a ticket he had got of them, and the same amount to the | hotel proprietor whom he owed. "When | the doctor told him he couldn't live he said, " All 4?fht," and apologized to those about him for the trouble he ' had given them. Ireland's Iron and Coal. There are four principal fields in Ireland. The Leinster lield extends ; over portions of Kilkenny, Queen and | Carlow counties, in Southern Ireland, and the coal is most anthracite. The E:ist Munster coal lield lies mostly in Tipperary county, stretching from the river Xore toward Cashel, with a length : and breadth of about twenty by live j miles. The Connaugnr uuuminous coai j field includes portions of Sligo, Eos- j common, Loitrim, Fermanagh and i Cavan counties. The Tyrone coal dis-' trict is about six miles long by one or two broad, nearly all in Tyrone county, i The coal raised amounts to from 120,- ' 000 to 150,000 tons per annum, of which I nearly two-thirds, and that by far the i most valuable part, is raised in the! Lcinster coal field. Since the total available coal in Ireland is estimated at ISO,000.000 tons, it is evident that this source of the wealth of this grand isle j is yet to be developed. As the annual importation is over two million tons of coal, there is a large home market, which may yet induce capitalists to , work these mines, although it must be confessed that much of the coal is of inferior quality. There is an abundance of iron ore of rich quality in Antrim, Down and Londonderry, and IllcLXl^V UL11VI vi u.v i^nun., i/uv v?v scarcity of suitable coal for economical smelt.ng has discouraged the working of the mines until very recently. In 1860 there were but 106 tons of iron i made in Ireland; in 1876 the product had risen to 77.600 tons and in 1879 to 1155,8-33 tons. | IRONCLADS AS IIGHTERS. Conclusions Drawn from Experience Since the Monitor'* Time. Vice Admiral von Henk, of Germany, i has published an article in a military I periodical on the value of ironclads j with reference to the bombardment of ' Alexandria. As military history has ! as yet furnished but few materials foi forming a final judgment as to the vaiue or iron-plating tor snips, tne purposes aimed at in its introduction and tlie% question whether these purposes j have really been attained, the writer thinks it advisable to draw as many lessons as possible from every event in this field, and thus to increase our experience. lie begins with a history of iron! plating. The introduction of shell guns, ; soon alter icou, mucn diminished the value of XeJson's battleships, with 80 or 100 guns. The necessity of protecting ships of war "better against artillery became still more urgent when the introduction of steam^ ra&de" their construction more complicated and thus increased their vulnerability. In the Crimean war the Kussian shells did great execution on ships. Opinions differed greatly, however, especially in England, as to the value of ironclads and the necessity of their introduction, until the fight of the Confederate ship Merrimac with the wooden ships of the Union in Hampton roads, and her fight with the Monitor placed the great superiority of ironclads bevond a doubt. On the 8th of March, 1862, the Merrimac attacked four wooden frigates and completely destroyed two of them. Next day she unexpectedly met the ironclad battery-ship Monitor, a mere dwarf in comparison, and was compelled to retreat, severely damaged. The impression made by this fight was enormous, and it showed two things?the necessity of iron-plating for battleships, and of arming them with guns of large caliber and great piercing power. The first opportunity of estimating the value of iron-plating in a conflict, ship to ship, on the high seas, was afforded by the battle of Lissa on July 20, 1866. In that action the relations between armor and guns were about the same as they are now. Seven Austrian ironclads were opposed to eleven Italians. The armor of the ships wasi pretty equal in strength on ' both sides ; the Italians were stronger in artillery. The result is well known. Deducting 630 who perished with the Re d'ltalia and the Palastro, the Italians lost only 110 men out of 5,000. The total lost on the Austrian side was thirty-three killed and 124 | wounded out of 7,000, the loss on the unarmored ship Kaiser being twentytwo killed and eighty-two wounded; that is, two-thirds of the whole. The battle of Lissa was an eloquent advocate for the incipient system of iron plating ships of war. In the war in South America in 1877 two unarmoreti. English ships had difficulty in repulsing the attack of the Peruvian monitor Huascar, and had in the end to let it go unmolested. Of that new, malignant and deceitful weapon, the fish torpedo, we have as vet had no experience, for the published. ..rftnnrts. IclII 1ULLLLU XIV vpii-Lxvyxj. wjo. wjvui. *??w result of the observation up to this [late may be condensed as follows: First, unarmored ships cannot maintain a fight of any duration against the heavy guns of ships and forts: secondly, iron-plating is still aD effectual defense against the heaviest guns and consequently indispensable for battle-ships; thirdly, rams and torpedoes are, indeed, formidable weapon* in sea fighting, but cannot supersede artillery as the cnief weapon, and thej promise more chance of success ir ironclads (because of their better protection against the enemy's artillery) than in unarmored ships.?London Times. The Chinese Gr-ntry. The whole of Chinese society is, as it were, permeated and leavened with the influence of an irresponsible and wealthy class, the members of which are difficult to lay hold of, and enjoy all the power of office without its dangers and its liabilities. The gentry, in a word, consists of retired officials, wealthy persons living on their means, and the heads or more influential mem- j hprc of ornilds. the largest and most I powerful of which are said to be those of the opium merchants and bankers. But the literati form an even more important section of the gentry than the merchants. These men carry all the weight with them which a widespread reputation for scholarship and orthodoxy has at its command in China. Often poor, miserably clad and intensely Chauvinist in their opinions, they are the proudest of the proud, and hate the foreigner with a hatred born 01 XII6 purtbl/ ill tuiiri u.ii v;c, i??iiv/i.<xxxv\: and contempt. It is said that the most powerful ally of the gentry is no other than Pei Shao-li, the chief of the eu nuchs in attendance upon her majesty the western empress. . After all it is principally wealth that has the power in China." It is not often that we hear of a very wealthy gentry being forced to disgorge by the official class. He is not only too valuable a member of society to be dealt with so unceremoniously, but he represents a class that no mandarin dare offend. It is the gentry who rule the mandarins, and the mandarins who rule the people. It is the qentrv who turns the course of justice io suil u*>u cjuus, v>uv influence the policy of government and viceroys, who influence the passions of the mob when it suits their purpose, and \? hose power is felt even in the councils of the palace itself.?Overland China Mail. Persian Carpets. I went to see a factory reputed to be the largest in the city, though employing less than thirty hands. The wretched weavers sat in two low rooms, filled with a sour and sickening atmosphere. Most ot them were palefaced weakly children of ten or twelve years, who hardly looked up when I entered, but remained bent over their work, picking up the threads with their nails, which are long and kept notched for the rmrpo^.-. The patterns are written out in pamphlets and painfully committed to iiii-.nory, and the children are taught vt-rv young?tiie younger tiiA Their memories are quicker than those of grownup folk. So far as I could understand the patterns, they seemed to be written in much the same style as those directions for knitting or crochet which one sometimes linds on a lady's tableknit two, pull one, thread over, and knit two together. There was also a youth employed in reading one of the patterns aloud. A carpet about sixteen feet by t;-n can be purchased in "f \~ s\r fi"Tf rr frtmoc OQfl I I XJilll 1W1 v/j. 111WJ VUV to ?100. Some carpets will take a year to make, and a decently good carpet will not be finished in less than three months ; thus, although there are several hundred factories in and about Karman, the outturn of carpets is in I no way alarming. There record?there j were many of tliSrtixduring the civil vjgffii j war?in which men were repeatedly hurt so that death appeared inevita- *^Sk ble. Xo sooner would they recover from one apparently mort<'il wound Liiau tllCJ ?WIUU JLCVsCJLV^ JLUV Hartford frnes not long ago published a story that was widely copied of a ^J| man whose history was told by himself _^Jg ; to a correspondent in Michigan and whose personal appearance bore out his story, so the correspondent said. He claimed that his troubles began when he was only five years old, when ~'0g he fell through the roof of a shed, breaking all his ribs, both collarbones, -JlS his breast bone, his right arm in two 'Wi places, his left arm above the elbow and the bones of his left hand. Jt was t.hnncrht, that. hp. cnnM nnt tpcjwpt. but he did. Ten years laterihte'?ip" was dislocated the same year, ' this''fime'he^acl had Asiatic cholera, " . yellow fever and, in Central America, the spotted fever. This last disease -^1 stayed with him four ninths and .' -c: "peeled him like a snake." It was not until the war broke out. however, that '-3 this remarkable man had full play for his talents. Joining the arm.^he was ^ bayoneted in the left knee in the battle of Gainesville and captured by the Con- . federates. During his imprisonment of three months he was sunstruck and j afterward nearly starved to death, and was only paroled when his captors . supposed him to be without the ability ; \*|gj co do further service. In a long - -,J|| march the veins in his left leg burst, and Via rii/aH rtf At; Chancellorsville he was knocked down bv a spent cannon ball, and whileiy4figNW*^iij^M prostrate was run over by a field piece ~?|| of six-pound caliber,, which passed j|| directly over his head and body. After recovering again and getting his discharge he undertook one day to cut --^|| down a tree, but by a not uncommon accident tne duct or tne tree new up . aaB as the tree fell, and this man standing in the way, as was to have been expected of a man of his habits, was :;|aB knocked a distance, he says, of forty feet. He lay on the snow insensible for eight hours, and on getting his '5^8 senses again found that his skull was broken and that his brains were leaking out, and that eight of his teeth were gone. In three months he was entirely '2p| well?that is, all that was left was -> uroll Tvnf in TionrlKrio- c/imo Kln^fcinor powder he managed to ignite it and . - the loss of one eye was the consequence. These were the principal accidents this man related, but he said -~||S he had had many minor ones. In spite of all he had been through he was well W3m and claimed to be ready to fight any '"'>33 man of his age and weight, but com- ~ plained that his blood was so thin that he was unable to keep warm-even ' in summer. In olden time such a man would have been thought by the superstitious to have been destined for the gallows, but there is some question whether hanging would be a success-' v:; ful operation. Whether the story is true or not, it is all possible, and there is nothing in it that cannot be duplicated* in the medical records, except??*<a^^^^Tr-itiTiiMri(i(B'fiiifii Forests and Climate. Dr. Schomburgh, the director of the Han ? 1 J?~ ..-e \ AsA l?c. OOUULLCill giliUCiid Ul iiusr- . ."^'3SSM tralia? has written a recent pamphlet on tSfe influence of trees upon climate. Contrary to the opinions now beginning to be generally accepted by scientific men, the object of the paper is to prove that the destruction of forests usually has the effect of reducing the rainfall, while, on the contrary, the planting of trees broadcast over a country is one of the best "JM methods which can be adopted for ameliorating its climate and increasing [ fM the annual fall of rain. Plowed soil attracts moisture to a much gi eater degree than the unbroken soil In considering the effect which the removal of forests has had in altering the climate in South Australia, the only + V.?i4- rt/vn'M Ko f al'cn frnm t.hft UllCkb IiCSI/ uiou vvuau us/ .... , records issued by the government astronomer is the experience, of the neighborhood of Adelaide. If the time is divided which has elapsed. since 1839, the year in which observations were commenced, into two periods, there is found for the first an average rainfall of 22.8 inches, and for the second one of 21.7 inches. It will thus be seen that on the whole, the rainfall at Adelaide is diminishing, though very slightly, and .perhaps the diminution in the amount of timber may have something to do with the change. Dr. Schomburgh, in search ing for illustrations or tne eneci or trees on climate, goes further afield, and brings forwardsome instances in which he claims that loss of forests means loss of rainfall, and vice versa. He recalls how the Russians, by burning down some of the TransCaucasian forests at the time of their struggle with the Circassians^ converted the country from a fertile land - > into a desert, simply through the cutting off of the supply of rain. Similar : |gj9 instances of rain having deserted a country denuded of forests have oc- . 5j curred in the Mauritius in Jamaica, the Azores, and it may also be added to a still more remarkable extent in several of the smaller West India-. * - - i?3 isianas. soouw u<tu tuc i of these places been destroyed j than the springs and rivulets | began to cease to flow, the rainfall ! became irregular, and even the deposi- ||? ! tion of dew was almost entirely j checked. On the other hand it is ac- Hp I cepted that Mehemet Ali increased the I "fertilitv of Esvpt enormously by plant ing trees. lie alone planted some 20,000,000 on the Delta, bis successors followed up the work, and the rain fall rose from six inches to sixty inches. Planting has also, says Dr. Sch.omburgii, produced remarkable effects in Vg France and Algiers. Extensive re- ||j| gions have been planted with gums and other trees, which, for the most ' part, grew to about thirty feet or forty . ' Vi/il/rli'f OnrI i<j r?rktf/?prj that. LCCt 111 11C1?&1V, Uri^SA. AW W v*^.w ! the quantities of rain and dew which : now fall on the adjacent land are double what they formerly were. Gold Leaf "Wonders.. Gold leaf was made in Egypt 1706 13 B. C. Homer refers to it. The temple of Solomon was profusely gilt. ' ; Pliny states that in his time a single ! ounce of gold admitted of being beaten ; out into 750 leaves, four fingers in ! length by the same in breadth. This j tenuity is far exceeded in the present day. " About 1621," says Beckmann, "Merunne excited general astonish- ^ Jjf meat, when he showed that the Par.^ ^ j ian gold beaters could beat an ounce \jH ! of gold into 1,600 leaves,which together covered a surface of 105 square feet. ?1 But in 1711, when the pellicles discovered by the Germans ?ame to be u etl in Paris, Reamer found that an ounce of gold, in the form of a cube, live and a b7lf 'incs at most in length, i I rea 1th and thickness, and which covj ered a surface of ab<> at twenty-seven . square lines, could bo so extended oy the gold beaters as to cover a surface . JmH Qt more than 1,466? square feet,"