Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BROO0 FITABLE ISIG. lege, S. C.-Rece etters have been e Poultry Division aski ation relative to the use and brooders in hatchi rig chickens. The high c< bf p ryfoods and the great dema for fresh eggs and frys have convinc poultry raisers that it will pay to u a dependable system to obtain chic this year. The old sitting hen will not wo when we want her to. She and b friends refuse to go broody in Janua and'February, but they fill every ava able nest as soon as the weather tur warm and the time of hatching t best chickens is over. "My hens would not sit early an< could not buy any early sitters," heard every summer and fall by ov ers of little chickens. Any one who likes poultry can < erate an incubator successfully. It necessary to turn the eggs morni and night and fill the lamp once a da It is not necessary to examine a go machine more often than two or thr times daily, when the above work c be done. Every incubator is equipped with thermostat to regulate the tempei ture. The more popular types of kerose 2amp incubators are heated by hot a s1though there are some good styl heated by the circulation of hot watA The main advantage of the hot air a chine is that of durability. The past year has found the electi incubator springing rapidly to t front. This machine can now be < tained for use on any voltage. It also made to be used with one of t home lighting systems found on ma South Carolina farms. The cost operating an electric incubator is : greater tLan that of a lamp machiE The temperature can be maintain at a uniform degree and the machi can be placed in any room of t house. It is usually found that a profital size incubator to buy is one with capatity of about 240 eggs. The si containing from 120 tc 150 eggs is al popular with poultrymen who do n desire to raise more than 200 or 3 chickens a year. However, a largei cubator when only one-half filled w give as good hatching results as smaller machine, so that a big n chine gives you an opportunity hatch eggs for others or hatch sul cient chicks to sel the surplus to yo meighbors. The best size for an ele tric machine is about 150 eggs. Ju now these machines are rather hii thprice of the electric will be abo the same as the lamp-heated inrcubat4 The .better types of incubators a built with double walls with one in or more of insulating material betwe the walls. This prevents the tempel twre of the egg chamber being affe ed vitally by changes in the outsi temperature of the room. The ches - er incubators have simply a sing wall or a double wall with a piece. -pasteboard between. It does not p to buy the cheaper incubators made this way. Some machines have a separa compartment below the eggs In which the chicks drop as soon as th. are hatched. This is a convenien< but it Is of no specia-l advantage. The average number of chic hatched from the eggs placed In incubator is about one-hs:if. Whi you buy an incubator It is well to der one or more portable brooders, lowing 50 chicks to each brooder. Mc of the manufacturers rate the capaci of their brooders at about twice many chicks as they will satisfactori rear. These portable brooders are abo two feet in diameter and stand three cast iron legs. The kerose: lamp is under one side and a wool - curtain surrounds the lower part the brooder. The baby chicks pu under this woolen curtai<n and t heat of the lamp keeps the inside the brooder at the required tempel ture of nincty to ninety-five degre< It is a simple matter to ra:se cold weather almost all the chicke in a brooler of this kind when it placed in a bright room. Later on the season when the days begin to g warm. the portable hover is preferal: put in a small wire front house. An incubator and one or more bro: ers will enable any one to hat chicks when he wants them. Febi ary and March are the two best hatt ing me hs of the spring season. P lets hatched these months will co mence to lay in the early fall and (Cc tinue to lay during the winter. It easy to keep a pullet laying during t cold weather but it is difficult to sts a. young pullet to laying until aft the colder weather is past. Then t old hens which have completed th4 molt begin laying. This is why it best to hatch puilets early and ha them -laying when the price of eggs so high in the fall. Extension Bulletin 16, "Poultry C ture for South Carolina," which mailed free to any one by the Ext4 slon Service of Clemson 'College, c< tains full directions for operating cubators and brooders. The Pouli1 Divisi"n will be glad to tell any 0 nwhere the best makes of incubat< dbrooders can be obtained. ~p'*toes and other sta *'ls can save wheat if you t breed or Instead of bread? LAND STILEMENT IN SOUTH CAROLINA. Clemson Cllege.-Secretary HoE ton, of the Department of Agri culture, said in an address recentl% at delivered to a conference of editors 0 e agricultural journals: "It would bf ag desirable to facilitate land settlemen 01 in more systematic fashion. This ha. ag been too long left to the haphazar< Isi intervention of private enterprise, anc Ad the Nation has suffered not a 'littl -from irresponsible private direction SE I think it is high time for the Federa k and State governments both, as wel -es local communities, to seek to ai: rls in land settlement by furnishing actua ei facts, reliable information, and agri r3 cultural guidance to begining farmers il -and to promote well-considered settle I U ment plans. 'It is particularly vita that the process of acquiring owner ship of farmers be encouraged an6 bastened." iE These views are also shared by thE n Department of Labor and of the Ir terior. Seccetary Lane has associar 9 ed with him, some of the best engi is .neers who have been connected witl reclamation work of various k.ilds Y The semi-arid lands of the, West, th( D cut-over and swamp lands of 'th( N South are being visited, that propel Ir measures zaay be taken as soon a. possible to render them fit for th( 61 plow, and open them for settlement a In these days of reconstruction when industry may be disorganized b3 I 'the cancellation of Government con ir tracts for its products, and by th( e -demobilization of large bodies both o: 'r ,working men and soldiers, -the lani a beckons to the man more Insistant13 than ever before. It will certainly e iC made easier for the man who wishes t< le own a farm to get it on reasonable, ib terms. And these measures cur( iS a far worse evil. They provide th( tW very best security against the discon 23 tent likely to arise from unemploy Oil ment and a lack of food. The idle acre: KI can give healthful and profitable em ae, ployment to all who can be placed M upon them; but home ownership must le be the goal, and fair annual profits tE above a normal standard of living must be the means advanced to se cure these settlers. Almost ever3 2 man can find congenial employment MEI at his home, if he owns it, or is be 5C coming the owner of it. A few acre! N will suffice to provide food supplies ir K large part, for the^-family, and a sur n pfis for market. Organized method! 1 of disposing of, the surplus in an3 2 community will go fa.r towards pro viding funds for the other necessarie( Kc of life. i In South Carolina, there are about U 19,500,000 acres. Two-thirds, or abou: c- 13,500,000 acres are in farms. One st third of the State lies absolutely idle for agricultural purpcses.; it co-nsist a.of roads, towns and cities, azd worn te .)" nd tn wood la,nd; But of the 11i 13,500,000 acres in' farms, crops are rT grown on less than haif. To be exact Sthe crops of 1917 'were grown on 6,198, :h000 acres. Probably at least as muel omore can be used for growing a crops and for pastures, but let tus say there yet remain on13 Ic 2,000,000 acres In the State fit foi p- fa.rmin'g. As 35 acres Is the size oi le the average farm cultivated, there is 1 room then for neadIy 60,000 more tamn J families. What a vast amount of land n settlement could be done in Sout2 Carolina; what untold wealth could bE e added to the property lists, If the loca: c communities, as Secretary Houstoz g uggests, should aid beginning farm a, ers! Federal and State s.id in the settle :: ment of large tracts as necessary, 'but 2 nothing can be done anywhere unlless: Sthe peoplewho already own the land~ l- prices, and to welcome the new set si tiers. SWe have -perhaps the best all the, year climate in the whole country, ae Is shown by the location of so many~ army camps in the South. We cer i tainly have vacant land in great abun dance. It is cheap only because of the ~sparsity of our population, and their use of poor agricultural methods. Iis still comlparatively cheap, and. at reailngpries isinmany parts -of the State. an attractive investment: But there ought to be in every corn munity, a committee of the C'hambe-1 s of Commerce. or of the Farmers Union. or of self-appoirted citizens, or at the least, one or two men. whosE business it is to find new settlers. tc ass'st them in buying their farms anc to m-ake them feel at home among us tisntnecessary to wait upor State or Federal movement, We c'ar begin now by assisting those who have, been tenants, and wish to become owners, to find good farms in om own neighborhood at reasmable ,prices. Certainly we can help these men to join a National Farm Loar Association, and so obtain half the purchase price of their farms at the most favorable rates. To have a rshare In multiplyig the prosperous contented farm owners of any com munity is to render a very large serv ice to the State and Nation, for upon them our civilization n'ltimately rests. That large service every one of us may perform in some measure, A few of us will make some financial profit. by the settlement of our idle lands, but all of us will 'be increasingly en riched by the fuller, healthier country lie consequent upon their settlement by farm-owners-W. H. Mills, Profes sor of Rural Sociology. That c. proper field crop rotatiot will :n2ease your farm productivity 1: and that your county agent will hel; S4v no lan one? BEST VARITIES OF COTUW FOR BOLL WEEVIL CONDITIONS. Clemson College.-The boll weevi t has made its appearance in tei counties of South Carolina. In severa of these counties the weevil is nu merous enough to damage the cottoi crop to a considerable extent in '919 Consequently, soir.e changes in th( method of producing cotton must bE made to combat this pest. Among these changes will be th( plantir. of better seed of earlie: fruiting varieties than are now ger. erally used. A variety must be user 11 that will begin to fruit early and se a good crop of bolls by the first o August. for after this time the weevil, are usually abundant enough to de stroy- all squares that appear. I I should be a good yielder with a hig! percentage of lint. A medium siz( plant is desirable. It should have bu 3 or 4 vegetative branches, but fruit ing branches should be numerous both sets of branches 'coming out nea the ground. The cost of growing an acre of cot ton from the best seed is no greatei than the cost of growing the same acre from inferior seed, but the differ ence in yield will often be from 30( to 500 pounds of seed cotton per acri in favor of the good seed. At the pres ent price of cotton this would be a least $30.00 per acre, not counting the; seed. The above figures are conserva tiTe, for in variety tests consistinj, only of varieties considered standarx for the State, resultA have been obtain ed showing a greater difference thar above between the highest and lowes' yielding - varieties, though in mani cases the yield of the lowest yielding variety In these tests would be greatei than from "gin mixed" seed of inferioi varieties commonly used by mani growers. Consequently, those wh< use low grade seed in the weevil in fested area will suffer a double loss while those who use the vest varieties adapted to their sections will lose on.13 to the extent of damage due to the weevils. That many farmers are be ginning to realize this fact is indicat ed by the many inquiries for bettei varieties and sources of seed. There is no such thing as a "bol weevil proof" cotton. Select a variet3 that has been tried and has proved it self ada.pted to the section in which it is to be grown. Then purchase seec from a good reliable breeder as nea home as possible; for results sho% that seed ordert from a distant state where condit.ions are.entirely different do not p'-ddiice as well as native growr seed. -^rly fruiting and late fruiting va rieties should not be planted in th( same commsunity. as the weevils will have had time to multiply in the f4uit ormed on the early cotton - andi-b ome numerous ernough to destroy practically aH fruit as fast as -formed n the late variety. During the last two.years -more thas twety of the best varieties have been tested in FAgefield, Aiken, BarnweHl. Hampton, Bea.ufort, Charleston. and Dorchester Counties. From the 're suts so far obtained and from obser-~ aton a to fruiting and growth, there are seerai that seem to be well adapt-4 d to these sections. Of the short staple varieties that :n be commended for South Carolins coditiona, Cleveland Big Boll, Cook. Dixie Triumph. and Dixie are the pria :ipai ones. The first two are well aiapted for all sections of the ,State, ecept where the iand is wilt-infected. Cleveland is now more generally gro'n in the State than any other va iet/. Several thousand bushels grown d bred in the State acre sold every eai in the weevil district further South and it is giving good results Seed o.f this variety can be obtained from reliable breeders in the State, who have fQr several years been se eting and breeding for earliness. his is considered one of the best vari eties yet developed for South Carolins :onditions. Cook ranks among the highest yield ng varieties In the State. but is not i s generally grown, as anthrocoose or boll rot seems to be worse in this ariety than any other. Burt several breeders have strains that a.re now practically free from this disease. On wilt-infected land nothing but " wilt-resistant varieties should be plant-~ ed. Of these Dixie Triumph and Dixie ' have given best results. Dixie Tri uaph is a new variety developed by a prominent breeder of the State. It is early, with medium size plants, large ~ bols. and is a good yielder. Seed olf th.is variety cannot be obtained for planting the coming season. Mexican Big Boll and Sawyer are ~ short staple varieties that are early and have, yielded well in the lower ounties of the State. Sawyer is a semi-custer cotton with large boils on edium to small pLants. It sets fruit early, matures quickly, but does not rank high in yield, and sheds fruil heavily in unfavorable weather. Webbeir 49 and Webber 82 are the eariest long staple varieties. Both are well adapted to the State. fruiting as early as the short staple varieties and frequently yielding as much seed cot ton per acre. In securing seed of any of the aboe varieties get seed that have been bred for earliness from some reliabZk breeder. The extension Service oi Clemson College will furnish farmen with a list of the best sources of seed in the State upon a!pplcation. '1%nt rae of the best ways to market~ such crops as corn, peanuts5, beans, RMR1 TRADE MARK REGISTERED., THE GOODS FOR YOU BECAUSE IN 33. YEARS The quality has never failed: The ownership and manage ment have never . changed. The sales have grown from 250 tons to 400,000 tons; a proof of satisfaction. F. S. ROYSTER GUANO CO. Norfolk, V. Baltimore, Md. Toledo, 0. Tarboro, N. C. Charlotte, N. C. Columbia, S. C. Spartanburg, S. C. Atlanta, Ga. Macon, Ga. Columbus, Ga. Montgonery, Ala. Cotton Bring 40c per PSsa d So says Cotton Smith and other Cotton Experts. Exports Incresing daily Short Crops Take care of it. will insure it fr you he s in the lint or in the baIe n the et , on tie ground, or up a tree, and pay you for it if it burns. See The Fire. Winnsboro Insurance & Realty Company. S. D. ELLISON, Mgr.