Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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0 UTHERN s:. TOPICS OFiNTERES 'TO it HPLANI Applying Lime on Red Clay Land. R.W. M.. Knoxville, Tenn.. writes: "'Will it pay to burn lime to 'bring up the soil in this section of the State? I have two kinds of soil-a red clay, and a darker soil with slate subsoil. I have limestone at hand and could burn it at a reasonable cost, but would like your opinion before build ing the kiln." Answer-It is rather a dificult problem to determine the degree of activity in a soil correctly, but ex -perience seems to indicate that there is much more land of and acid re action than seems probable on the first consideration of the subject. In fact, the continued cultivation of the land seems to favor the development -of an acid condition of the soil. The presence of red sorrel is also an evi dence of acidity. You can test the acidity of the soil with a fair degree of success by the use of a piece of blue litmus paper. Take a handful of the soil two or three inches-from the surface, Plilverize finely, moizsen well with water and insert the lit mus paper in it and leave for a few moments. If it turns red it is an evidence that the soil is acid, -and un der these- conditions it should pay you to use lime. Lime may be ap plied at the rate of 500 to 0000 pounds. A good applict.tion is 2000 pounds per acre. The cheapest lime to apply to the land is . robably that which is freshly burned and allowed to slake. It may be distributed over 'he groand with a manure spreader or a lime spreader machine. Lime should be applied to the surface of the ground and worked in with a harrow. It is probable that both kinds of your soil will be benefited by an application of lime. Lime, of course, is not a fertilizer in the sense of supplying a large amount of plant food to the soil. It is more of a cor rective of soil conditions. It over comes the acid condition already mentioned, sets free stores of potash and phosphates that may -not be in an available form, chauges the me chanical condition of the soil, makes clay soils more porous through the plocculation of the particles of Thich they are composed, anc. enables the growth and development of certain forms of bactorial life essential to crop production. Lime thus has many important and useful effects on the soil, and if used in moderate amounts and not oftener -han every third or fifth-year, it should not in jure the soil. If used continuously it will cause soil exhaustior. or the burning up of the humus or organic matter in the soil.-Knoxville Tri bune. Making Home Lot Attractive. ~When we bought ou~r old place in 1891 there was not a shingle on the bouse. which was very old-fashioned. Everything about the place looked 'hopelessly "gone to seed." We could see great possibilities in both house and surroundings, and went to work to transpose both house and land into an ideal, ruralistic, simple, unpreten tious home, with delightful surround ings. The house, built in 1848, stands about seventy feet from the street. 'The lot is 2-55 feet front by 1320 feet 'deep. There is a privet hedge in front the full length of the frontage, planted six years ago. We cut it twice a year and well down to the -ground. There were thirty very old apple trees on the place. These we turned into objects of beauty by pruning and shaping, resulting in a profusion of blossoms and a bountiful yield of fair fruit. We have added cver 100 fruit -trees to the place, Including cherries, 'plums, pears, peaches, apples, crab - apples, quinces, etc., most of whl.v .are bearing. Have quite a collection -of semi-tropical trees andI shrubs, also a flowering hedge, 200 feet long, of shrubs six to twelve feet high. We bave a "friendship bed" 125 feet long by five feet wide, containing no end of choice, hardy plants given to uis by numerous friends. A summer house is always a thing of beauty. -On it are two very large Crimson Rambler rose bushes, four varieties 'of honeysuckles and one large Yellow Rambler. One cannot imagine a mnore charming picture throughout the summer and way into the au tumn. We have a strawberry patch fifty by seventy-five feet, an aspara gus bed thirty by seventy-five feet, also a hedge of blackberries and r-aspberries, roses galore of every known variety, and heavily beariwtg grape vines of Niagara, Moore's Early, Diamond, Clinton and Isabella, besides one huge wild vine which we Clo not prune. We have a largej kitch en garden and grow everything et cept cabbage, turnips and potatoes. and what 're cannot use we give to our neighbors, friends and the poor. -To produce all these things means plenty of well-rotted manure, lots of spraying, hoeing and eternal vig Trouble Of The Ancients. Briareus was bewailing the fact that he had a hundred hands. "They're convenient for spankirig purposes, of e'ourse," he said, "or frputting up a stovepipe, but, great Scott. see what they cost me !" Pulling off his 50 pairs of gloves, he resigned himself for the next fonr hours to the ministrations of his army of manicures. .Reputation. Police Officer-Have you ever been a candidate for office ? Prisoner (who has been arrested for disorderly conduct)-Once, many years ago. Police Officer-Sorry, sir, but we shall have to take your Berttillia m easurments. The Pennsylvania Railroad Comn pany lies decided to increase the ARM:. 10TES. , OCKMAN AND yRUCY GR ,0. ilance. All love to dig in the dirt, and what we as a family of three can not acomplish is turned over to the man of all work. We call our place "Nature's own gymnasium." We are very healthy, happy, sleep like chil dren and digest every morsel we put into our stomachs. In fact, it is heaven on eartk.--Progressive Farm er. Importance of Cooling Milk. Probably the most important pre caution that can be taken with milk is to cool it as quickly as possible after it is drawn, says Farming. At a temperature of sixty degrees F. and lower the germs grow but slowly. Or dinarily spring or well water has a temperature of betwen fifty and six ty degres F. If the farmer has an open water supply, he also has a re frigerator that is cooler than the or dinary ice bot. If the cans are low ered into the spring or well as soon as possible after milking, the milk will be cooled before the germs can have time to begin their growth. The proof of the effectiveness of the plan is seen on country milk routes where on the morning rounds. evening's milk that has been cooled in this manner and warm morning's milk are carried in separate cans. Cus tomers demand the warm morning's milk as a guarantee of purity, and yet the cold evening's milk invari ably keeps the better. If the germs in milk that is pro duced under ordinary conditions are killed within two or three hours af ter milking, the milk will keep well and may be used for nearly all pur poses. In order to kill the microbes it is not necessary to boil the milk. A temperature of 180 degrees F. sterilizes it from all but a few rare germs and at the same time leaves it as palatable as fresh milk. In some creameries ordinary farmer's milk is run through a thin pipe, one end of which is hot and the other End cold. Within half a minute the milk is heated and then cooled. Such milk is safe and wholesome. Doubtless this method of treatment will be in creasin'gly' used. The principle is the same that Is applied in canning fruit.. If the milk were sealed against new germs it would keep as well as con densed milk. Leghorns vs. Mongrels. 1. Fifty White Leghorns were compared with fifty mongrels for one year as to cost of food and egg pro duction, ordinary care and attention being given them such as they would receive on the average farm. 2. In addition to skim milk used to moisten the mash the Leghorns. consumed sitty-one pounds of food costing eighty-five and three-tenths cents, and the mongrels consumed sixty-eight, and eight-tenths poundis of the same material costing nir~ety two and one-tenth cents. 3. During the year the Leghorns laid 116.5 eggs worth $2.25 per hen, and the mongrels ninety-six and one tenth eggs worth $1.'IS per hen. 4. The Leghorns gave a profit over the cost of food of $1.39 and the mongrels a profit of eighty-six cents. 5. The mongrels gained in weight one pound per head more than the Lghorns. If this increase in weight.. is taken into consideration then the Leghorns gave a profit of forty cents per hen more thah the mongrels. 6. The highest prices for fresh eggs usually prevail during the months of November, December, Jan uary and February. During these four months the mongrels laid only 364 eggs and the Leghorns 1028, or practically three times as many.-W. Virginia Experiment Station. Frosted Peavines. The writer has had numerous com munications asking for information regarding the feeding value of cow pea vines injured by . frost. Little defnite can be stated on this subject. If the peas are nearly ripe, or nearly ripe enough to cut for hay, the frost wil)l probably do them but little, i' any, harm. There is probably some breaking down and loss of the food elements, but the farther advanced towards maturity the less will this be the case. Peavines that are real green when frozen will be almost worthless as feed. It is almost, if not' Impos sible, to cure them, and decompos ing green vines are probably danger ous if fed in that condi'tion. The whole Question seems to hinge on the one of the degree .of maturity. If this is sufficiently advanced so that the peas may be- cut and cured into hay there will probably be little loss in feeding value except as there will be a greater tendency to a loss of the leaves.-Tait Butler, in the Progres sive Farmer. Current Events. A new race issue-that of the im porting of Italian labor-hns been injected into thb Mississippi Guber atorial campaign. Ted case of Harry K. Thaw, charg awith the murder of Stanford White, may be called this week. Mrs. Maggie Gordon was choked to death in New York and her hus band was arrtsted. Conressman John H. Ketcham, of New York, is dead. Robert P. Bruce is said to have a good chance of election in the Ninth 'Virginia district. President and. Mrs. Roosevit walk d five 'miles from their hunting lodge o attend church. The fight in Senator Elkin 's home ounty has become very warm, a court injunction being a feature. The German Ambassador gave a luncheon in Washington in honor of IPrince Henry of Reuss. ilousehold Matters. Boiled Apples. Place a layer, or two, if necessary of rather tart apples in a saucepar cover with cold water. let them com quickly to the boiling point, the cook slowly till tender. Remove t di;sh, sprinkle thickly with sugar, an pour over them the liquid remainin in the saucepan. It is especially con venient to prepare apples in this wa when a very hot fire is not required or when the oven is otherwise occ-u pied. White Sauce. One pint milk, two or i.hree mush rooms, one onion, one carrot, on bundle of sweet herbs. whole. pcr per and salt to taste: a few cloves,' little mace, one ounce butter and on gill cream. Put into one pin'. 0 milk two or three mushrooms, on onion and a carrot cut into piece one bUndle of sw-,et -herbs, whol pepper and salt to taste, a few clove and a little mace. Let the whol gently simmer for about an houi Put,.one ounce of butter into saucepan and stir on the fire -until i thickens. Finish by stirring in on gill cream. Flakv Puffs With Lemon Sauce. Add to one cupful of boiling vate one tablespoonful of butter, an when the latter is melted mix in on cupful of flour. Beat these ingrE dients with a fork until perfectl smooth and free from the sides o the saucepan. Take from the fir and drop in three eggs, one at a tim( whipping the mixture rapidly eac Lime an egg is put in. Stand unti cold and fry In very hot fat a spoor ful at a time, allowing about fiftee: minutes for each puff. Sprinkle wit powdered sugar and serve hot. wit a sauce made as follows: Strain th juice of one and a half lemons an add to it one cupful of powdere sugar and .half a cupful of boilin water. Currant Dumplings. Chop fine half a pound of suel Put in a basin with four tablespoor fuls of flour, one pound of brea, rumbs, half a pound sugar and hal a pound of, cleaned currants. Mi these together well and stir in thre cups of milk. Dip the centre of pudding cloth in boilihg water, wrin out and dredge with flour. NoI spread the floured cloth over the to of a basin, pour the dumpling Int it, tie up with a piece of strong twin and throw in boiling water. Th water must be boiling furiously be fore the pudding is thrown in, ani half a teaspoonful of salt added Cook steadily and evenly for thre hours. When done remove fror the cloth and serve on a hot dish. Rice Apple Pudding. One-half cupful rice, three table spoonfuls suigar, one-half tablespoon ful butter, the juice of one-hal lemon. One full pint of thinly slice< apples; one-half pint of milk ani three eggs. Put the apples in a dish pour over them the eggs and sugar and set aside. Place the rice in; saucepan, cover with cold water ani boil five minutes. Drain rice, rins in cold water, return to the saucept. and add the milk and butter. Se saucepan in kettle of boiling wate and cook until rice is thick, occasion ally shaking the pan but not stirrinf Let it cool and mix with the thre yolks and add whites, beaten stifl Butter a pudding dish and sprinkl with bread crumbs, and put in ric ad apples in alternate layers. Bak in a moderate oven about thirty mit utes or until the pudding is firm t the touch. Serve with the syrup left from th apples boiled up with a little mor sugar. Sunshine is a powerful treatmen for disease. If you aspire to healt and happiness, you must allow sun shine to come into your house. When making starch for light fat rics, add one teaspoonful of boray which not only keeps the thing celeaner, but puts a nice gloss o: them. Women who do their own washing should when finished, rub their hand with -dry salt. This brings out th soap and makes the hands mor agreeable. Old potatoes are greatly improve by being soaked in cold water ove night, or at least several hours afte peeling. The water should b ehanged once or twice. Whenever vegetables put up in ti cans are opened and only partly use do not allow the remainder to stan in the tins, but turn out into a earthen bowl and put in a cool place A good polish for a stove is mad of one tablespoonful of powdere alum mixed with .the stove polisi The brilliancy that this mixture wi give to the stove will last for a lon time. It is a fad to. have sofa pillov combine as many shades of one coic as possible without introducing foreign tone. Various shades of re which harmonize well are exceller for a couch. If you have a pot of ferns be sur to give them plenty of water. A fer that has become thoroughly dry onc or twice is practically ruined; least it will never have the same o1 strength again.. Ammonia is excellent for cieant ing hair brushes. Use about two te blespoonfuls of ammonia and enoug water to 'cover the bristles, but n< the back. Shake it thoroughly whil it is in the water to loosen the dir Dry it well before using. Some housekeepers put a peele onion inside a fowl that in to be kej for any length of time. This al sorbs germs that would otherwise ii feet the meat. Sliced csaions or bag of charcoal placed near meat< By the oimce Boy. nobody dies but grandna. She 'is a good old soul: She's just the thing when I want to se3, I The game through the fence knot hole. She died ten times last season. She's the best you ev'er saw: She dies for me with t. greatest glee, Does my grand-maw' -Milwaukee Sentinel. ~ In Round Numbers. "Papa. what is the difference be tween a statesman and a politician?" "Abouit a million a year."-Life. Source of Great Joy. t Usher (at the wedding)-"Are you a member of the family?" f Guest-"I'm happy to say 1'm not."-Life. Conso'ation. "He is going to marry the daugh ter of a Senator." "Oh, well, when she changes her name people won't know it."-Life. Not Always Prosperity. "Of course, when farmers speak of their 'full cribs' that means they're r prosperous." I "Not necessarily, it may simply mean a plentitude of babies."-At lanta Constitution. f The Discomfiture of Geometry. e Euclid had just announced that , the sum of the parts could not be a greater than the whole. I "Did you ever get a bill for repair - ing an auto?" we asked pityingly. I Herewith he meekly retired to the a background.-New York Sun. A Patient Apologist. "Charley, dear," said young Mrs. Torkins, "you said you knew exact ly which horse would win that race." "I thought f did." "Oh, well, accidents will happen. Maybe one of the other horses got frightened and ran away."--Wash - ingtou Star. f Emerson Like. K Dacon-"They've called the child Emerson." Egbert-"That's a strange name. Why. did they call him Emerson, do you suppose?" "Because he says so many things people can't understand, I guess." Yonkers Statesman. A Nice Distinction. Lieaer"e.Isaefitmn Feinne Is - Lol-Young e H gins man, hav .an awful lot of money in bank." Alice-"What reasons have you for thinking he has?" 8Lola--"He showed me a book con taning nearly a hundred checks that had nejer been written on.'"-Chica -go News. His Object. 8"How long yer been fishin'?" . 8"All day." "Catch anything?" "Nope." "Any bites?" "Nope." "What yer fishin' for, then?" "Fishin'."-Life. Knew What He Meant. "Do you know what you are trying to say," queried the editor, as he glanced over the copy, "when you speak of a man going to his long lest at the untimely age of eighty?" "Sure," answered the new report - er. ' Ie ought to have been chloro' -formed twenty years ago." Some Advantage. ".I suppose you were disappointed in having your exploring: trip ter minated so abruptly." "Yes," answered the Arctic voy 8ager. "But there are compensating advantages. It will enable my pub lisher to get my book out that much r earlier"Washnlgton Star. eliatterer. Wife-"But, my dear, you've for a gotten again that to-day is my birth idday" Husband-"Listen, dearie; I know n I forgot it, but there isn't a thing about you to remind me that y ou are e a day older than you were a year d ago. "-Translated for Tales from Le .. Journal pour Tous. g Relief Fund. Solicitor-"Excuse me, sir, but I s am soliciting subscriptions to our r church relief fund." a Goodwin-"Um-yes. What is the d money to be used for?'' .t Solicitor-'"To send our minister away for. a few weeks and give the congregation a much-needed rest.' a Chicago Daily News. tAfter Much Pleading. "Do you really mean it?" she asked. "If I answer 'No' this time, . won't you ever cross my path .- again?" "Never. I shall not permit myself t to entertain another false hope. I e shall know that when you smile upon me you do it only to be kind, and I would prefer exile to that." "Well, then," she answered, "I suppose I. must say 'Yes,' only don't turge me to set the time too early, for I have been invited to be my Cousin aEmily's maid of honor next fall, and I wouldn't miss it for anything." Chicao Record-Herald. Construction of Better Roadr One of the most significant sec tions in the report of the British Mo tor Commission refers to the dust raising qualities of automobiles, which, the report states, "has been the source of far more popular indig nation than excessive speed or dan gerous driving.'-' Unquestionably one of the most vital problems connected with automoboling is the dustless highway, and to secure it is a prop osition that demands the most seri ous attention of our road builders. The British Commission admitted that it could not suggest how the nusiance could be alleviated by any alteration in the form of the car, and its deduction was that the rem edy etisted only in the construction of better roads. It recommended, nevertheless, that all fees accruing from automobiles should be expended in the- improve ment of existing, roads with the par ticular object of prevention of dust. The automobile, to a great extent, makes the road untenable for cyclists and pedestrians,' and we might as well admit the fact without resorting to subterfuge. Of course, the auto mobile is here to remain, and to be come the most general method of transportation for pleasure and com mercial purposes, and if the present highway does not answer we muzt provide a road surface that wifl meet the new conditions. We zhall be pleased to print any comments that careful thinking automobilists may have on this most important sub ject.-The Automobile. Permanent Stone Roads. Massachusetts, New York, Ner Jersey and many other States have spent vast sums of money in building permanent stone roads. These roads have been a great help to the farmers living near them in reducing very materially the cost of transporting the products of the farm to market. The little State of New Hampshire at the last session of the Legislature enacted a law, largely by the influ ence of the Grange, appropriating $750,000 to be expended within the next sir years in making permanent improvements upon the public high ways of the State. The bill. was so drawn that a like sum must be ap propriated by the several towns, ask ing for State aid, so that great good must be the result of this movement for better roads in New Hampshire. When we considdr the vast sums of money that have been expended by the National Government to improve the waterways of the country by im proving the rivers and harbors, and the vast amount of government lands that has been given to corporations to aid in building of great railroad lines to develop the country, is it any wonder that we think that we are asking for nothing but what is just and right when we ask Congress to pass a bili giving national aid to the various States which are willing to appropriate a like sum to assist In the building and maintenance of the public highways. The country roads over which the farmer trans ports his produce of all kinds are the feeders of the railroads and steam boats and are as justly entitled to national and State aid as they are. Missouri's Convention. At a meeting of the Missouri State Good Roads Convention, held at' Chillicothe, Mo., the creation of the office of State highway commissioner was favored, and it was decided to hold the next meeting during the winter of 1906-7, during the session of the State Legislature. The meet ing will be held at Jefferson City, the State capital. No permanent organization was formed at Chillicothe, though many prominent good roads men were present at the meeting from more than fifty of the 114 counties of the State. Various plans for promoting the construction of good reads were discussed, including changes in the mode of taxation .and changes in. the State constitution. Politics were con spicuously absent from the meeting. Practical talks in the .art of road building and road repairs and main t.iance methods were given by ex perts on these subjects, and there was a large display of road ma chinery. A. N. Johnson, highway engineer of Illinois, outlined tl~e road system in operation in his State, stating that though only in opera tion for a year the system had proved highly satisfactory. Much of his address was devoted to the sub ject of dirt roads, and he declared that many roads that not now fit to travel on could be mad2 good by dragging. D. Ward King, Gf Mait land, Mo.. inventor of the split log drag, which bears his flame, was present. The interest taken by farmers In the good road question was ezempli fied by tfle case of John Harrison, who has a farm near Fayette. Mr. Harrison has made a standing offer to contribute $1503 toward the con struction of a road passing his firm, stating that he Is isolated for four months In the year owing to the im passable state of the roads. The convention finally declared it self in favor of a change in the con stituton as a means of road improve ment, though It will takc tw'o years to bring this about.-The Automo In the Kitchen of the King. King Edward's kitchen is finished completely in black oak, which was fitted up~ by George III. at a cost of $50,00. There is also a confection ery room, pastry room and bake house besides the kitchen proper. The chef of the royal kitchen re ceives $3300 a year, while under him are four master cooks, who in turn have a bevy of servants under them. The strictest economy is ob served in the king's kitchen, and what food remains unconsumed is given to the poor, who apply daily at th catl ates.-The Argonaut. EPWOHLECUE LESONS E SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 25. Temperance; the Use of Strong S Drink.-Prov. 23. 29-32. Daily Readings. Strong drink unfits for the service of God.-Lev. 10. 8-10. Its evil hereditary effects avoided. Judg. 13. 4, 5. Abstinence while acquiring nationae character In the wilderness.-Deut. d 29. G. r Strong drink brings personal and ( universal ruin.-Isa. 28. 1-7. S Abstinence has to do with making c a great character and career.-Dan. t 1. 8-16. a An ancient (-ire for drunkenness.- C Deut. 21. 20, 21. a If Christ is really to reign; if pov. t' erty and crime are to become excep- 0: tional rather than common; if the 1 family shall ever have a fair chance e to develop onward and upward; if the haunting specter of fear that her boys -, may be lured from virtue and safety , by the gurgling song of the wine is , ever to be removed from the heart o' the mother; if politics is to be madl b clean; if the law of heredity is to be a utilIzed -for happiness and not for-sor- eo row; if the slums of -our city are ever to be purified and disinfected; if the si annual tribute of hundreds of girls % to appease the minotaur of lust is 6 ever to be discontinued, then the a "saloon must go." It will go when r the Christian forces of our land see P eye to eye and stand together speaking si with one voice and voting one ballot, b saying, "It's Got to Go!" This is not a plea for any party that 0 might be named; it is a plea that the c good men all get on one side, under g some banner, no matter how named. p When that shall happen then the rope s of the great criminal will be found very short. It is quite possible that a the voters of Methodism alone could E do the deed; that is, they could "elect a the issue," and when that had been done the victory would not be far off. b Dr. William A. Smith, a prominent Southern Methodist of the old slavery E k days, said: "I told Dr. Bond that. ... at any time when the membership of d the church shall unite their votes with the non-slaveholders, in West Virginia r particularly, they are competent to b overthrow the whole system.' The d author from whom the above is quot- a ed (Matlack. The Anti-Slavery Strug- a gle) quotes Quaker Thomas Whitson's L remark on Methodism: "I have been b at one of the camp meetings& of thy a people, and heard them shout and M pray, with much inward comfort. And a I tell thee, Lucius, what I think, v moreover: that If the Methodist peo- 0 pie would try it they might shout and pray down this slavery in a short season. They have much power in that ti direction." But, alas! Methodism h divided on the quesion, and God had : to interfere, to settle the debate with j "his terrible swift sword." The prob a lem which might, could, would and a should have been solved. In a repub- p lic of sovereign people, by votes, was t figured out with red-pointed bayonets 11 for crayons, and wide, gory plains for I blackboards. c' CHISIIAN ENHEAGH NOTES g NOVEMBER TWENTY-FIFTIH a t Whitman, and Missions on the Front. t ier.-Hab. 2:1-4. c Whitman was a man upon a tower, I watching the whole horizon for the c tokens of God's providence. Such E shouldevery,. patriot be. Whitman had a vision, such as every man may have,-a vision of great possibilities for his nation, If it followed God's leading. When Whitman saw his vis'bnt, he girded himself and ran for the goal( of its fultilment,-ran three thousand i miles. Whitman, like all great men, was a great through faith; great because he I lived for the' unseen future and for a God. t Outline of Whitman's Life. Marcus Whitman, the famous plo- ~ neer missionary to the Northwest, was born In Rushville, N. Y., Sep. tember 4, 1802. In his boyhood he was adventur ous, and at the same time a Bible lover. He intended to be a minister, I but on account of physical weaknessa became a physician. Four Flat Head )t and Nez -Perce Indians travelled .east I three thousand .miles, and made anr earnest plea for Christian teachers. This resulted in the founding of Ore gon missions by the Methodists. In 1834 the American Board decid ed to send Dr. Whitman with Rev. Samuel Parker to explore Oregon with a view to establishing a mission. By~ September, 1836, Dr. Whitman, who had returned and married a noble young woman, had reached Walla' Walla after a most difficult journey. He establish< I his mission at Waillat pu, and in August, 1838, he organized there the first Presbyterian church in the Oregon country,-that Is, Oregon, Washington, 4daho, and parts of Wy oming and Montana. There were then1 only fifty Americans in that region.1 In the winter of 1842-3, Dr.. Whit man made his famous ride across the continent to Washington, his purpose being to prevent the loss of Oregon to the Uinited States and its seizure by Great Britain. It was a hazardous and thlling ride, accomplished only with great and heroic suffering. Dr. Whitman interviewed President Tyler, Webster, and other statesmen. On his return he piloted 800 emmi- -f grants, with 1,500 cattle, and thus proved Oregon .accessible. During his absence the Indians be-I came disaffected. On November 29, 3847, a terrible massacre occurred. and Whinnan was the first to die.g Fourten were killed at his station. In his memory Whitman College has been established at Walla Walla. A memorial church has been built at the scene of the massacre, and a noble monument has been erected over the martyr's grave. ON THE JOB. "Mamma, when I am older must I take a husband?" "Probably, my child; but why do you ask?" "Because, I think we had better be gin to look out for one at once. I heard that Aint Rosa has been look ing for one for twenty years, and has not found one yet."-Il Motto per HE SUNDAY SCHOOL. NTER9NATIONAL LESSON CO0 MENTS FOR NOVEMBER 25. abject: The World's Temperance Sunday, Isa. v., 11-23-4Iolden Text: I Cor. ix., 27-Memory Verse, 11. I. The drunkard's feast (vs. 11, 2). 11. "Woe." Grief, sorrow, isery, a heavy calamity, a curse. Early in the morning." When it as regarded especially shameful to rink (Acts 2: 15). Banquets for wvelry began earlier than utsual Eccl. 10: 16, 17). "May Sollow rong drink." That they begin and 3ntinue to use it from early morn 11 night. Palm or date wine was, nd is still, in use in the Eastern 3untries. Judea was famous for the' bundance and ercellence of its pallh ees; and consequently had plenty f this wine. DrInking strong drink the chief business of the day. 'Till ine inflame them." Until there Is icited, excessive action in the ilood ssels, causing them to act In- ex [tement, in anger, or -ay evil.'way -hich their natures might be made > feel, under the unnatural pressure pbn the forces and functions of the dy. In this condition no -man is ble to -use good judgment, orto- ex mte -his worke correctly. 12. "The harp." A stringed in rument of triangular figure. Music as common at ancient feasts (Amos : 5, 6). "The viol." . An instru ent with twelve strings. "The tab et." A small drum or- tambourine, fayed on as an accompaniment, to [nging. "Pipe." Theprincipal mu [cal wind instrument of the He rews. Such as indulge in revels inst have,every sense gratified, for nly by being stimulated by such ex tement could they at all be satis ed. "They regard not." The most ositive proof that such conduct is nful. II. God's. Judgments on the drunk rd (vs. 13-17). 13. "Therefore." ecause thly ignore God's warnings nd continue in their drunkenness. My people." Judah, or Israel, or oth. "Are gone." The prophet ses the future as though it were resent. "Because they have no nowledge." Because of their fool ih recklessness in following strong rink they make drunkards of them lves. They are contrary to wisdom. 'hey become captives because their rains are so ruined by excessive rinking that they are notcapable of cting the part of prudent, careful ten. "Honorable men are fam ihed." Strong drink ruins those 4n onorable positions just, as quickly s men of low' estate. "Dried up' rith thirst." Both the great mea d the common people suffer alike hen in captivity to the cruel power f strong drink-. 14. "Hell.." Sheol, the' place of bie dead. Sheol is personified 'and ompared to a ravenous beast, eager 'swallow its prey. "Hath enlarged erself." There has been so great a. aughter that the world of the dead ; too narrow to accommodate all rho enter there,-and has to build on n addition-has to increase its ca acity. "Opened her mouth." The ense in the Hebrew changes here. t should be "and is opening her iouth." The slaughters have not eased. 15. "The mean man," etc. Its ictims include all ~classes. Even the mean man" is "brought down" a a lower level, and to the same level the mighty" and "the lofty" are de raded. The drunkard soon loses all elf-respect, then his respect for all hat is good, even respect for God ,d fear of his judgments. This is o become a scoffer. 16. "Shall be alted in judgment."- When man's lory is all passed away God is un hanged. Though men scorn His of- - ered mercy and refuse His wise ounsels He isnot cast down., Heis, alted. "Sanctified in righteous ess." Regarded as holy by reason >f His righteous dealings. 17., Then shall the lambs," etc. When hese are gone into captivity and. walowed up in death others shall ll their places. III. The woes of the drunkard vs. 18-23). 18. "Iniquity." Guilt acurring punishment. "Cords of anity." Wickedness. Rabbins say, ,n evil Inclination Is at first like a ie hairstring, but the finishing like ,cart rope. These sinners harness hemselves like horses to a cart, and, training every nerve in sin, they [rag their punishments with them. .9. "Let him make speed," etc. 'hey' challenge the Almighty to do is worst, and set His justice at de ance. They do not believe that the udlgments threatened $111 come. 20. 'Call evil good," etc. Men resort to ying subterfuges to justify them elves in sanctioning the -liquor raffic. 21. ~"Wise -in -their own yes." Those who prefer their own asonings to divine revelations, who espise or reject the gospel, or who :laim to have a knowledge of it, but Lo not practice It. 22. "Mighty to drink." Those ,ho boast that they can drink more han others and yet be able to stand. ['hey shall not escape the curse of runkenness. "To mingle strong lrink." To add spices to strong Irink and- then scount themselves trong because they can endure the rects. Ti 'eir glory Is their shame. l3. "Justify .the wicked for reward." Who, as' judges, pelvert justice and or a bribe acquit the guilty. Who 'or the sake of votes, or political in luence, or favor with the people, rote with t-he saloonkeeper and help nake bad laws. God will punish uch. "Take away ~the righteous ess." Though a man be proved in aocent, yet because he does not give - L fee he is condemned by these un lust men. Misery will overtake him. Niello is a compound for inlaying 1 kinds of silver articles. It was rmery used principally in Russia, there its composition, says the Jew lers' Circular, for a long timie re nained a secret. The inventor is said to 4xave been f artist by the namp of Maso Fiui .erra. Among his productions niel o was- found after his death. It is Lso said that the Egyptians made ise of a similar substance in 'very Ild times. However, it first became generally mnown in the fifteenth century in taly, .where it was used by Italian ewelers. Cellini manufactured some hoice articles' with niello. It was also - :sed by engravers. who filled copper ngravings with niello. It was also >ration of ecclesiastical vessels with t was much appreciated. It is an alloy always containing sil rer, copper and lead, to which are >ften added sulphur and borax. Ac ording to the proportions of these iarts niello varies in color from igt ra to dull black.