Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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TO BREED RES Crops, Proof Against Be Grown I GUY ELLIO The farmer's too greatest foes are insects and phnt diseases. He can, by a proper rotation of crops and fertilization, convert a poor into a rieb soil, and he can stimulate plant growth by plenty of fertilization. By the same process he can keep down the weeds which rob his crops of nourish ment and moisture. He can, to a great extent, - overcome, with but little trouble, all the various smaller hin drances to crop growing-all but the bugs and the blight. These twain are hard to handle. None is so arrogant as to profess indifferent to their at tacks. Not many years ago they were expected, rAt the less dreaded, espe cially the blights and the rots and the mildews; they were the natural visita tions - of providence. There was no use trying to combat them. If they came, they came. The farmer prayed that they might not come that year Now, science has shown us that they can, in most cases, be overcome. If not overcome, they can be prevented Yet the process is often fraught with great trouble and expense to the farmer. Now suppose a man could develop a strain of plants so hardy that blights and rust would pass them by in disgust and so bitter and unsavory for a bug that the hymenoptera, the coleoptera and the other "toughs" of the insect trust would pass by and prefer to eat oak and hickory leaves! It would be a cinch for that man, would it not? He. -could sit in the shade and hire myrmidons to do. his work, directing those close at hand in person and those at a distance by telephone. Such a condition may be possible. The man who gets in first would be the one to sit in the shade and reap the advantage. Eventually we' would all get on to the scheme, and, unless the population of the world Increased with accelerated rapidity, there would be an over-production of food products and prices would eventu ally get back to their present level, so that we would all have to work again. The Department of Agriculture and some of the experiment stations have been working along this line of se. lceting resistant plants with the idea of at least giving the enterprising American farmer a good big start. In the aggregate enormous crop losses-millions and millions-are caused by the attacks of insects and plant diseases. In dry weather in sects are particularly abundant, and in wet weather plant diseases flour T4'ACKSON" COTTON ON THE Comparative Resist ish, while in average weather both do the best they can to gather the crop ahead of the farmer. Many plant dis eases and insects can be controlled by the various poisons, sprays, and cul tural methods already discovered, but for some-as, for example, the rust of wheat, peach yellows, clover-seed fly, etc.-satisfactory remedies have not yet been discovered Some instances may be cited to show just what is meant by resistant or im mune varieties and their value. Grapes furnish a striking example. Euro pean grapes planted in this country fail wherever the American grape-root louse Is present, because the louse is able to attack and destroy the roots of these varieties. The roots of na tive American grapes are also attacked by the same louse, but are so hard and wiry that the louse can not destroy them. In other words they are re sistant. The unusual resistance of the Keif fer pear to blight has made it pos sible to grow this pear In the South ern States, where most other varie ties fail because of blight. The va riety of cowpea known as Little Iron has proved so resistant to wilt disease that in some fields it has survived when all other varieties have been killed. American gooseberries are but little subject to the mildew which se riously affects the larger English va rieties when grown here. With nearly every crop grown, some of its vari eties are more resistant or immune to some disease or insect attack than others. Some varieties of the same plant are but little affected by a disease, while others are badly injured. Va riations in this respect also extend to individual plants of a given variety. These facts have been utilized to soume extent in the origination of the various so-called "disease-proof" va rieties which have been introduced into culture-as, for example, the "rust-proof" varieties of wheat, oats etc. As a rule, however, these varIe ties have not been develoned by any systematic. scientific methods of se lection and breeding, and although a few show merit, most of them have not measured up to the claims made forthem. They have. howYver, served [STANT PLANTS. 4'j" Insects or Disease Ca . >y the Farmer. T MITCHELL a very useful purpose in turning the thought of scientific and practical men as well, in the direction of the de velopment of disease-resistant varieties with results which promise to prove of great practical utility. PoTAToES. During recent years the disease re sistance of potatoes especially has re ceived attention by several of the agricultural experiment stations in the United States, notably those of Maine, Minnesota, and Vermont. A recent bulletin of the Bureau of Plant In dustry of the Department of Agricul ture, prepared by L. R. Jones, of the Vermont Station, summarizes and dis cusses this work, and that along sim ilar lines abroad, as well as the ex perience of practical growers. Sum marizing the results, Professor Jones draws the following tentative con clusions: Disease resistance in potatoes is relative, not absolute, no variety known being wholly proof against late blight and rot. It seems related to general vegetative vigor, and is, there fore, in a measure dependent upon cultural and developmental conditions and tends to decrease with the age of the variety. It can be restored by originating new varieties from seed, especially of hybrid origin. Not all seedlings show superior disease -e sistance. * * * , Early varieties may escape the dis ease by maturing before it becomes epidemic, but when similarly exposed they are, as a class, less resistant than late varieties. The source of seed tubers is a mat ter of importance, northern-grown seed giving plants the superior disease resistance In Europe. Seed from a crop that was not too highly fertilized is probably preferable. Possibly tub ers are better for seed purposes if dug before they reach full maturity. High fertilization, especially with nitro genous manures, lowers the power of the plant to resist both blight and rot. So far as skin characteristics are an index, the red varieties with thick and rough skin seem more resistant as a class than the thin-skinned white varieties. So far as stem and foliage characters are concerned, the evi dence favors the stem that is hard, rough, and rather woody at the base, and the leaf that is small, somewhat rough, and dark colored. In America trials as to disease re sistance have been conducted at some of the experiment stations, notably in LEFT, "DRAKE" ON THE RIGHT, aince to Wilt Disease. Vermont, where experiments In breed ing and selection for increased re sistance are under way. These results have been correlated with Information recently secured by a circular of in quiry addressed to a large number of potato specialists In the Northeastern States and in Canada. From these it appears that a wide variation Is shown In disease resistance among the varie ties now in cultivation in America, but that no one variety is preeminent. Among fthose which have been wide-1 ly tested, the following deserve men- 1 tion as of the resistant class: Dakoto ' Red, Rustproof, Irish, Cobbler, Sir Walter Raleigh, Doe Pride, and White Beauty. In tests made at the Vermont sta tion In 1905 the following varieties) Root" of "T'ron" Cowpea, Resistant -to Root Knot. showed marked resistance to blight on bo0th sandy loam and elay loam soils:1 Keeper. American Wonder. Dakoto Red, Doe Pride, and Late Blightless. Varieties having an unrie-ht habit of growth. moderately branr'hed. with firm, hairy. mnerlinm-sized leaves are much more likely to prove resistant to ;mooth, flabby leaves and decumbent stems. The evidence at hand seems to justify the hope that the combined ef orts of potato specialists working rom both the practical and the scien ific standpoints may soon result in he development of varieties of pota oes combining general excellence with i high degree of disease resistance. CANTALOUPES. A recent bulletin of the Colorado tation reports the discovery by a ocal grower of a rust-resisting canta oupe which promises to be of im nense value to the Rockyford canta-, oupe industry. In this case seed of he Rockyford variety was purchased rom five different seedsmen. They were planted and cultivated under sim lar conditions. When rust attacked he field just before the melons began .o ripen, it developed rapidly and soon lestroyed all the vines except those TaEylor Ira "IRON" COWPEA VS. "B Showing Comparative Resistar ,rown from the seed of one seedsman. %any of the hills from this strain of Rockyford seed remained green throughout the season and produced a good crop of melons. Further obser rations in the muskmelon fields of that neighborhood also showed that wherever this strain of Rockyford seed had been used many hills were unaf fected with rust, while with other strains of seed' of the same variety the vines were all dead. The investigator selected a quantity f seed from the rust-resistant hills and planted them in comparison with Drdinary seed. "On the rust-resisting hills the melons were hidden under a healthy growth of vines, and were large, solidly netted, with thick, firm flesh, small seed cavity completely filled with seed. On the rusted hills the plants were almost devoid of leaves and the small melons were premature ly ripe, with thin, watery flesh, open, large seed cavity, and practically of no market value." In tracing back' the history of this strain of seed It was found that some years before a seedsman had saved the first lot from a single healthy melon taken from a field of rusted vines. It bad therefore been developed by the simple process of saving seed from the best melons produced by plants which withstood attacks of rust when surrounding plants were destroyed by this disease. What was thus accom plished by one farmer with one crop can probably be accomplished by other farmers with the same or with other rops, if they will be alert, while the crops are growing, to select and mark individual plants which show excep tional merit along the lines of pro iic yield, early maturity, resistance to lisease, or other desirable quality, and save seed separately from the plant showing such qualities. Marked va riations which may be profitably util zed in this way are constantly occur ring and are plainly evident on all ~arms. The point to be emphasized is that mprovements in farm crop varieties early always trace back to individual 3ants. No one is in better position o notice these exceptional plants than :he farmer. He is in his fields, gar en, or orchard, every day, where these ~xceptional plants are produced. If )ne plant in a rust-infected wheat eld stands up green and free- from he disease, that is a plant to save Leed from as the basis of a rust-re istant .strain. If one hill of pota oes in a blighted field remains unaf ected by disease, seed from that hill nay produce a blight-resistant variety. f a squash pbnt is found that is dis asteful to the squash bug, seed from hat hill may produce squash vines hich the bugs will not molest. The important fact is that some plants are much more resistant to dis ase and Insect attacks than others. t is a question of seeing the resistant. Roots of "Wonderful" Cowpea," At tacked by Root Knot. lant and propagating from It. The armer has as great opportunity for oing this as the seedsman. The gold money of the world is $4. fl Yor each inhabitant and the gold noney In the United States 1s $16.33 mre ah inhnbinant STY1kES FOR WAER WEATHER. Fashions for tieated Term are in tiarmuny ws.n Lcnnort. BY BERIHA BROWNING. The summer fashions have become quite as settled as tney are apt to aur ing the season, and those wardrobes which are just preparing have the ad vantage of being exactly what is de sired rather tnan an uncertain fore cast. The woman who enjoys tne cool breezes of her own veranda rather than the uncertain comforts of some other may utilize many a summer morning in fashioning pretty blouses- of thin material and dainty little coats of lace or lingerie fabrics. It is the detail which makes up the.fashIonable ward robes, and any woman who is clever with her fingers may make these small garments or accessories without a great deal of expense, and satisfy Black LACK" AND "TAYLOR," te to W41t and Root Knot. her desire for becoiningness and style. Summer gowns are real summer gowns this year, and Mistress Fashion seems to be more in Harmony with comfort than for some years past. Waists may be elaborately inset with lace or embroidered, but they are simply made and with lacey collars or low, round or Dutch square necks. Everyone is wearing elbow sleeves ex cept those with scrawny arms, and for them /there are sheer undersleeves which conceal any number of ugly lines. Guimps, too, are popular fea ture this year, and may be purchased reasonably in all manner of pretty styles or be made at home? Some of the daintiest effects are realized in the combination of Valencinnes and swiss or lawn. The delicately colored slips are ap pearing again, and under the sheer white dresses are quite enchanting. A white embroidered Swiss over a pink sli hs dep ok ofDtheslc ine wt Vaecne.Tesiti siph with afrillsok and tcohe lae material and inset and cross-strapped with Valencinnes. The belt is of palest pink chiffon ribbon. Small capes are again looked upon with favor, espe cially the little mantles which go with three-piece suits or those of lace or lingerie fabric which grace thin sum mer frocks. The return of these is probably due to the return of the small bolero which has appeared in all man ner of shapes and styles, the sleeve= f which often resemble cape-like af fairs. The long gloves which are worn with short sleeves are held up in a novel way by wristlets of elastic covered with shirred ribbon and finished at the top with a buckle or ':iny rosette of ribbon. ''These are worn .iust below the elbow or above wherever the glove is supposed to end. They hold the glove in place admirably and are a pretty addition to thie toilette. The fa vorite color for these bracelets is black, but any color of glove is matched in these tiny accessories.I The ~nnnltionl of the BritI~h enhre 400.000 000 and the area 11,908,379 square miles. the South Is Alabama. Virginia coe enod. Tern'oeson third. Miaryland fourth and West Virginia fifth. The amo~'nnt nf omoryv o~ne by fire in the Tnal'Mn m*ies in the ln C forty years is lne'~h'inbhle. Mfore thn ne million hnfIldinces have been burned in the last ten years. TSI P rmnen.'tiV (urp4N. aonrvnenai torr. send foi FREE g$.00 trial bottle~ and treatise D r. H. KLZNZ LW1 Arh Sthiadelnhia. Pa. Germany makes more than 1700 varieties of sausages. The grape harvest of California is about 750,U0O tons valued at *15,u0u, Ink and frait stains may be removed from white linens and cottons by soaking them for a few hours in kero sene, tnen washing in hot water. Dew forms more readily on some colors than on others. It forms more readily on yellow objects, next on those that are green. It forms slowly on anything red, and most slowly on black. ratPeople TO ALL SUFFERERS FROM TOO MUTCH FAT A TRIAL TREATMENT WILL BE SENT AS A FREE GIFT BY SIMPLY ASKING FOR IT. THE DANGEROUS SUMMER SEASON WITH ITS TERRIBLE AND EXHAUSTING BEAT IS NOW UPON US. EVERY OUNCE OF SUPERFLUOUS FAT IS BURDE.N SOME. UNHEALTHY AND BRINGS MUCH MISERY AND DANGER WHICH MAY MEAN DEATH. I can reduce your weight to 5 pounds a wek. No starving, Lo exerciaing, no nauseating drugs nor sick. ening pilLs that- ruin the Sst niach.. I am a regular, practicing physician and a specialist in the succe-slui reduc tion of superfiuous fat. My perfected ' treatment quickly relieves ycp from that feelig of full. -sion, strengthens your heart, and enables you to breathe easily. ard 1 hen you have reduced your flesh to the desired weight, you will never beco~re stout again. Your face and fignre will be we:! shaped. Ycur skin will beclear and handsome and you will feel and 1 ok years younger. Double or und-r.cLin, flabby cbeeks, heavy abdomen, fat hips and other disagreeable evidences of Obesity are speedily and permanently removed. The flesh b-comes firm and solid and I he muscles regain stren th, activity aird vigor. My treatment i recommended by-engent 1-hy sicians and i he highest medical authorities. Prom inent physicians tremselves are my patients. I absolutely guarant. e satisfaction in every case. I send =y new book on " Obesity-Its Cause and Cure," free to all interested: also a free trial treatment. Write me confidentially. H. C.5AD,M,0.,20East22dSt..Dept 496,New Yorkty. PALISADE ge to ap co to pr an FC ar - P S1 - C Number 6476. PRICE. 10 CENTS EACH. . ' Wanted-Men to F The INTERNATIONAL CORRIESPON tion that hazs done so much in the minute for working men and women 4to help yourself to a most desirable that best suits your taste and ambiti< The I. C:. S. plan enables you to without losing an hour's work or a positions until you are ready to step obligating you to pay more than y matter hovw small it Is. Special Self-Help 0 To assist those who have been h rated the most remarkable plan of .i Between May 15th and July 1st, will be entitled to a special discoui gives you every advantage the I. C and terms so easy that the last ba T here is absolutely no charge for infor mation. Simply select from the list the kind of occupation you prefer, writing a postal card to t he INTERNATIONAL. CORRESPONDENCE S SCHOOLs, asking how yhe you can become a suc- sca cess in that position. at ai By return mail you will Be receive books, litera ture and helpful advice that will surprise you. Write the postal1 card to-day. INTER NATIONAI, CORRES E~J PONDENCE SCHOOLS, Box 9r7 Scranton,Pa. -II MALE HELP WANTED. I ~~. ~L~t tor AzaJ~ L3. %. 11 14L.4 f . A 'A.i1.J: A ?juaurta aIkre an. rakenA"nn discent:L~ ruru.ua. --e -u w w u -s WANTED: Amt-teur photog hs suitable 2 r art anid adv ertbiig subjects. priLt and piQ.q wvit" POstage lor retur it not acceptAud. to 'i Ueft RLawrence Cumpany, 274 Wabexsz Ave., Wiagi SALESMEN TO SELL the larest line of souven~ post cards in the country. Also large line of aadve tisinC fai.s. Excellent side line. Good Comnmisao and Prompt Settlement. Alfred Hq.1-man, Pwb lishcr. AU iDearborn St., Chicago. Ill. MFN & BOYS WANTFD to learn th, PluzmbI Trade. Complete the course in2or3morths. J riors earn from $3 to $1 per dry. V Ith 6.mora ' e-perience entside. you can join the Union and r-and $4 to $5 per 'ar. Catalogue sent fr.-e. U Plumbing School. 1i'W. 29th StNew York. LADIES APPAR.EL. SHIRT WAIST HOLDER EXTRAORDINl keep's waist down all around: ro pins or boo te'r: send 25c. with waist measurement over "nd ask for white or black. Felix "l"'l pine Stree t New York. FRECKLE REMOVED we w refyawd ye. m~tred. Ow .w.edy pared for thi ce sunm. weeu Bopt. "o.0 FIR E E Farr thie newly Invented BREECH IOADING GUN or BASE BALL OUTFIT. censst large Mitt. "" Cap ard ftine sl 24 splerdid lead p t . each It'h Tfda-e ;6 weta --100 Write fer circular ahowing . Trdi Suits. Trget andotherremiums. - ThIrteenth Street Lead - IPencilfo., . 0 W. eth Stet, New Ym. PATTERNS. A PRACTICAL APRON Designed by BERTHA BRoWNtIING. Lprons are always' a topic of intert to sewife or any woman who has dut rform as they are not only a necessary t a necessary good. Percale and den LrdY stuffS for aprons which must do eral service where no ruffles or gath tr and this design is exactly sted to and development. No ruffles or gath the labor of making and launderft ron while the bib portion is broad enou rer the front of the blouse and so sba suggest the Princess effect. The fi front b gores renders it becomi tical. qskirt portion offers cor ytetion for the skirt. Percale, other apron material may develop m ur and three-fourth varcs of 36-inch necessary in the medium sizes. 6476-Sizes, small, medium and large. A LISADE PATTERN CO., 17 Battery Place, New York C' T For 10 cents enclosed please send .6476 to the following address' - ZE....................-...... SE......................---..- - .TY and STATE........ A iGoodPositio DENCE ScHOOts, that great 'f~t~ past and is doing so much e . offers you a direct and eas >ositionn the trade orprfai Lelp yourself right where you a, - - dollar of -pay ; without chagi into the one you desire; withoit our present salary will afford as sitating, heI. C. S. has ' 4. elf-elp ever conceived.' everyone asking for informa 't if they decide to enzroll. .S. has to offer at a cost rrier is removed. Bre is & Lis Good Po s et the one you prefer, aternaional corresondence on. Pa.. and ask how you ood salary. sure and mentionl the ookkeeper Mga tnorapher fora Ldvertsment Writer le t how Card Writer Mie Window Trimmer Survey :ommrcial Law for Statio neer Stenogaphers Civil. Clustrator Buildi or :ivl Service Archi :hemist Ar 'extile Mill Sept. Struc Jectrician Bridge le- LagirtEr