Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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. r'e TO DOUBLE AD C Startling Results of F Government . GUY ELLIOTT cot= Mizta2ons by Ootesy Department of Agri With the cotton crop of the United States reaching an annual value of nearly $600,000,000 it is easy to see that the man who can make it worth four or five cents a pound more to the grower will put a few dollars of spending money into the pockets of the southern planters. This improvement of the crop has been realized, and there is no reason why In ten years from now the whole of the cotton belt should not be grow ing a longer staple cotton worth on the average of 4% cents a pound more than the present crop. Of course this millenial condition of things will not be altogether realized. That there will be a decided and general advance In the value of the crop as the result of work already done by the Agricul ORDINARY COTTON STAPLE. braLECTED AND IMPROVED COTTON. tural Department is certain. But there are always the factors of ignorance, indifference and prejuuice to be reckoned with, and that will hold down the grand total of the advance. This is human nature. Otherwise every one would be raising thorough bred stock, cats and chickens, which cost no more to feed and rear than scrubs, but everyone does not breed thoroughbreds, whether they be dogs or cows, and so it is a certainty that when the average of the cotton crop Is vastly improved by the use of better seed there will be a large num ber of planters who are sticking to the old methods and complaining because they find it hard to make a living. - SEVERAL NEW STRAINS. It is a fact, however, that the De partment of Agriculturehas, by several years of persistent work, bred from the old varieties of cotton raised in the south severalDew strains of cotton that, while having all the desirable qualities of the old types, produce a staple that is almost a half longer. It is just one branch of the general industry of plant breeding, and the result, as shown by the cotton itself combed out in fleecy whiteness on a black card, is a striking object lesson in the possibilities of plant breeding. The Department has been at the work for some years, and in the course of Its experiments has handled thou sands of samples and hundreds of thousands of individual plants in mak ing the selections that are now con sidered good enough to be sent out as new fixed types. The story of this improvement is a long one, inter spersed with many disappointments. But the result now is success beyond contradiction. Northerners, people who live outside the cotton belt, do not realize just what a long staple cotton grown on the uplands means. Cotton is our principal export crop. It is the second most valuable crop grown in the United States, corn coming first. It is the principal crop of ten states, and in large areas of these states it is almost the only crop grown. The United States furnishes five-sixths of the cotton crop of the whole world. and while there are great areas, espe cially in Africa, that are adaptable to cotton, there is no prospect that the United States will be overtaken as a producer for many years to come. The world's consumption of cotton and the consequent demand are increasing steadily, so that there is little prospect of over-production. All these things are in our favor. Then comes the question of improving this great crop. Outsiders do not realize that an eighth of an inch on the 'ungth of the LOADING COTTO fiber in a cotton boll means a cent a pound -additional on the value of the crop. Now by careful b:n ding and selection the Department of Agricul ture has produced cotton that runs from three-quarters of an inch to -in inch and a quarter longer than the parent plants from which .t was pro duced. This is not a fr'a A rowth, either. It is an improvere . 'ht has developed into a fixed tyn .1d is no VERICA'S OTTON CROP. atient Experiments by Agriculturists. MITCHELL rulture. more like the old upland cotton than it is like Egyptian or Sea Island. SEEDS OF NEW TYPES. The parent types from which it has been evolved are listed and carded in the department's collection, and each year as the fresh crops come in from the improved fields their output is carded for comparison. These new types have now reached a point where the department feels justified in send ing out the new seed to the farmers. And if the farmers will take a little trouble and spend pr:-tically no money at all, they will be ab.e to keel) up the improved strains so that in a few years the Amerie-in cotton crop will have been doubled in value with out necessarily expanding by a single acre. It has been tedious work, and has been carried on systematically. "Score cards" such as are used in judging at stock shows are kept. The records of the individual plants are known, the shape and opening quali ties of the boll, the date of maturing, the length and firmness of the cotton fiber and the degree to which the parent plant may lie depended upon to transmit its desirable qualities to its progeny. The work has been done in the open field and not in the care fully tended plots of the experiment stations. Thousands of plants have been destroyed each year, and only the best types kept. These have again been weeded out the following year, and only the best of the breed have been kept. The farmers who have been co-operating with the de partment in the work have been as a rule careful, enthusiastic and pains taking under the direction of the ex perts sent into the field by the depart ment, and slowly but surely the length of the staple and other desirable quali ties in the new cotton have increased, till the department now feels it has a new and fixed type that can be de pended on to perpetuate its desirable qualities. One thing that has been carefully observed is to keep growing the new types on the ground where they will be cultivated commercially. There are several new strains adapted to slightly different conditions of soil and climate. It has been found in the case of wheat, for example, that a strain may be improved in one lo cality, and that by moving it to new surroundings it shows little, if- any, improvement over the local type. This error has been avoided with the new A COTTON PLANT IMP) cotton, and the department not only knows the seed that will give best results, but the condition of soil and climate that are best suited to the re quirements of each strain. IF FARMERS WILL HlELP. The farmers at large can help great ly in keeping up the work that has been given a practical start by the de partment. There are simple methods of seed selection that will insure a steady improvement in each successive crop, and that will prevent the crops from deteriorating. The selection of seed takes a little care and intelli gence, but it is not deeply abstruse work, and the department has reduced it to simple directions that are easy for any planter to foll->w. The "cotton belt," so called, in the United States is clearly defined. Cot AT SAVANNAII. ton is planted over the whole of it so that there is no large addition of range to the plant likely. It is true that the acreage within the belt could 'possibly be doubled, but that is not the thing the department is after. Good cotton land now yields 400 to S00 pounds to the acre. What athe department would 1 ke is to see this yield doubled in value anid in quantit:--The founda ion forthis increase istoWr firmly laid, and if the planters will co-operate with the department to even a reasonable degree the value of the whole cotton crop in the United States can be vastly enhanced without planting a single additional acre, and there will still be enough land available in the cotton belt to assure the United States of its supremacy in the cotton world for many years to come. Cream Separator on the Farm. It has been only a few years since the manufacturers of separators brought out hand machines with the definite purposes of making them pop ular and selling them in large num bers, says the Farmer's Wife in a well considered editorial. From that time to this they have gained friends, and now it is rare to hear anyone say anything against them, and when this does happen one may be sure it comes from s 'me person who has been in jured by their use, and this is never the man who provides. The hand separator has so many advantages over the creamery sepa rator that the whole creamery busi ness is being revolutionized and re DISK PLOW DRAWN I modeled because of these handy little machines. It is hard to find a place to begin to enumerate their advantages. In the Item of traveling to the creamery there is a great saving. Where the dairy owner has one of these ma chines, he need not go to the cream ery more than three times a week in the warm weather and twice in a week during the colder months. When cream only instead of the whole milk is delivered to the cream ery, the item of hauling. is reduced to Its lowest limits. Say ten cans of milk a day is the product of a given dairy. Where a hand separator is used, haul tOVED BY SELECTION ing is reduced -from taking the ten cans to the creamery every day to taking two cans of cream every other day, or three cans twice a week. The hand separator allows the dairyman to feed the skim milk to calves or pigs within a few minutes of the time it is drawn from the udder and before the natural animal heat leaves it. This saves warming the milk and allows its use when it is per fectly sweet and fresh. The hand separator saves hauling skim milk from the creamery to the farm, and it also saves the dairyman from the risk of getting milk from dis eased cows to feed to his young stock. This Is not a great risk, to be -sure, but it is worth considering. Tuber culous cows are frequently found in this country, and probably there is hardly a creamery among the patrons of which no cows suffering from this disease could be found. If the dairyman is sure of his own cows, the hand separator saves him from the risk of getting tuberculous milk from the mixture in the milk vat at the creamery, from which he gets his skim milk when he delivers the whole m'k. The saving in work is a large item. Instead of ten cans to care for ana keep clean and free from germs, there are oply two. This saves labor and the investment of money in utensils. At the low price at which hand sepa rators are sold, one will pay for itself time and again before it wears out, on the various items of economy men tioned above. There Is another item. The hand separator Is rapidly bringing about the centralization of the creamery in dustry. Cream gathered from hand separators is now transported as fat as 200 miles to the central creamery, and here it Is made into butter at much less cost than would be possible in the local creamery with a limited field in which to operate. This allows the creamery to pay a better price for Ibutter fat and gives the dairyman more money from his cows. The man who keeps as few as five Icows will find it to his advantage to Ibuy a hand separator, especially if he makes butter on the farm, for in such greater than where a creamery takes the grenm. UNITED STATES RECLAMA rIQNe Plowing by Co-Operative Triiction Engines. By C. J. Blanchard. A million acres will be added to the cultivatable area of the country during the next three years, under the various government irrigation projects. Most of this acreage is raw land upon which the plow has never turned a f'irrow. Thousands of new settlers will be lo cated there and for several yea:rs the principal work will be clearing, level ing, and plowing, to prepare thi land to receive the water. Over vast stretches the sage brush is the only vegetation. In other places the bunch grass makes a touga sod, unyielding and hard to break. The subjugation to agriculture of this new empire has attracted the attention of the manufacturers of implements and machinery. They see in this work a virgin field for the products of their factories. As most of the settlers go ing upon this land are not in af fluent circumstances, and as fee!d for stock will be scarce and costly, any proposition which will elimina :e the necessity for the purchase of horses, plows and forage will naturally prove interesting. It has occurred to the writer that in Y TRACTION ENGINE. every one of these projects ther) Is an excellent opportunity for the use of powerful traction engines, secom panied by gang plows and harrows. These engines could be purchased and managed by a number of settlers or they could be operated by ons man who would contract to do the work. Up -in the Northwest Territories a Michigan man is preparing to Intro duce this method of custom plowing and cultivating. He is building a plow which will turn nine furrows, each fourteen inches wide, and with a trac tion engine which he has designed will plow 33 acres per day. He has already contracted for 2,700 acres at $3 per acre for plowing, and expects to close arrangements for a much larger area. HOW TO HOLD A POSITI:)N. Courtesy,.Promnptness, Loyal-:y and Hard Work Are Keys to Suc.:ess in Business. By H. J. HAPGOOD, President of Hapgoods. How to hold a position? Do just as little work as you possibly can4; take o interest in the business; curse the injustice of your employers whe~n you see younger men advanced over your ead. By following these rul:es you may hold a position ten years, but the salary paid you and the responsibility placed upon you will be little if any greater than when you started. But by holding a position we mean something broader and better- than this. We mean constantly ine:'easing your employer's satisfaction, steadily :eveloping higher ability and surely advancing to larger and greater re sponsibility. My subject is then really "success in business," and this, like success of any kltnd, is "untaught .and unteach able." There are, however, certain valuable hints to be gained by study ing the careers of men who hav e suc ceeded. Although the paths by:. which these men have won success ar e wide ly different, there are certain leatures which stand out prominently la all of them. These I believe to be the es sentials for business success-prompt ness, courtesy, loyalty, hard work. Promptness Is the key note in this age of hustle. Opportunity wits for nobody, and the man who is always a little behind time is playing a. losing game. "Always there with the goods" is one of the highest tributes t hat can be paid a modern busines:s man. "Having the goods" is the first con sideration, but this will avail little if you are not always there wit~h them when wanted. In this connection a good :story Is told of Philip D. Armour and a young man who had just begun work for him. When on the first mortring the young man reached the offiie at 9 o'clock, he found his emplcyer al ready there at work. The next morn ing at 8:30 and the following morning at 8 o'clock it was the same. At last, determined for once to be there first, the new clerk was there at 7 o'clock. When he walked into the ofice Mr. Armour looked up from his d:esk and grimly inquired: "Young man. where do you spend your forenoons?2" Business hours are not usually as long as Mr. Armour made_ th:im, but whatever they, are they are rigidly ob served. Five 'or ten minutes in the morning, trivial as it may be :tself, is a pretty sure indication of the degree of promptness you will show in more important matters. "I know of no investment nore cer tain to pay large dividends than courtesy," said a successful business man the other day, and he sp~oke the truth. In the nerve-racking, endless rush of affairs, there is nothing which leaves a stronger impression than a pleasant word or a kind act, especially if it be something most men over look. Business courtesy is Ikrgely a matter of habit and is one of the habits we can afford to cultivate. In the army and navy loyalty is an essential for success and it is no less so in the business world. Ent husiasmi and loyalty go hand in hand a man cannot he really interested in his work unless he has an emplJloyer t-) whom soyaL- .-nore are many brighter men than he in the service, but he stuck to them through thick and thin and they appreciate it." The fre quency with which men state this as c a reason for success is signiticant. k It shows that the man of the hour is V the faithful man, the man who makes . his employers' interests his own and u, whose loyalty never wavers. Associated more or less with all d these requisites and overshadowing n them all is hard work. "For this," said President James J. Hill of the Great i Northern Railroad Company, "there is $ no substitute." You may be lacking - in ability, in personality or some other way and still succeed; but if you R have not the capacity for hard work n you are doomed to failure. Study the lives of great men and fB B you will see in ninety-nine cases out of a a hundred, their achievements are due s to the possession of this capacity. William E. Corey, the president of 8 the United States Steel Corporation, a attributes his first success to "not be- - Ing afraid to do $2 worth of work for T $1." When a laborer he wheeled so n much more iron than the other work- , men that he was soon made foreman P over them. The words "hard work" come nearer to holding the key to suc cess than volumes of advice. V THE POSITION YOU WANT b may be among the thousands of good opportu nu':es constantly listed in our twelve offices. It P costs you not/ung to find out. Simply write us - to-day stating age, experience and salarydesired andwe will tell you /ranktv and without charge if any of the 20,000 employers we serve would - be interested in A Man of Your Qualifications A copy of our Monthly Publication cotainig co complete descriptions of nn Over 1.000 High Grade Positions for Salesmen, Executive. Clerical and Techrical S men at salaries of a $1.000 to $35.000 a year is yours for the asking. If you have ability, you need our assistance and we need you. Writo us to-day. SHapgds THE NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF BRAIN BROKERS Suite 143,30S.309 Broadway, N. Y. City 0 dl MECESVB VAT OR OBE8T" 1 A DANG . - OU, PROGRESSIVE DISEASE THAT HASTES DEAT. ID ALL SUFFERERS FROM TOO MUCH VAT 3 A TRIAL TREATMENT WILL BE SENT b AS A BEE GIF' BY SIPLT on ?5NEING FOR IT. or( siu Ba b& Pe I can reduce yor weght 8 to 5 POunds a weekr. uction of sp ousfat. M trea t ui ly relieves you from that fee li lness and ores easi anwhe yo have reuced your fesh to the de' sire ad e'rt yo wlneer becom stout agai. o clear and hadsome and you wall feel and look years sicians and the highest mdia athorites. Pron e ya L..I0D,M..2 East22dS.Det.4s::, New~orkCily 1869 JUST- PUBL "THE COM BY CHARLES F Author of " The American Citizen;" " T " The Spirit of Democ T HIS remarkably interesting been everywhere welcomed tribution to the thought of tI THERE IS IN IT THE I HICH AND PATRIC It sheds a new light, bright, el common-sense optimism, upon thec nation to-day. Everyone who read clearer vision of the future of OUR courage and faith in THE CAUSE OF T] Theodore C. Williams, late Mas New York, in a San Francisco paper profoundest thought with a transpa that make it universally readable. friend. It has the rare eloquence of The London Spectator calls it "a The Bradford (England) Obser and reasonableness, says it is " a ver These are only a few from ht. mending the book for its timeliness. It should be read by all who fee THE TREMENDOUS $04 OF OUR TI Price twenty-five cents (posta pcstal money order, express monej to Publishers of MALE HELP WANTED. BOOKKEEPER: Man thok'oughly experienced In ouble entry bookkeeping, who is competent to take barge or omlice. balary $2=. NN rite us to.dy. L~akOODS, Suite 14, 305-W Broadway. N. Y. AtikENTS. OUR NEW GOLD Window Sign Let rs tbeat anything on the market. Big Prowts, gents make *1u.W to VAM daily. umpicte nm L&Lnt c. 4W ameuIars ree. i>. . .W a. isuren bt., Ciucago, Id. WANTED: A Hundred Firemen and Brakemen on ifferent railroaus. Age 2U to bU good sight and earing. Experience unnecessary. Firemen $1UD ionthliy. become Iugineers and earn $2a brake ten $70 montnly, become Conductors and earn $150. oitions awaitng comnpetent men. Send stam for irticulars. Name position preferrad. Rafway WSOciation. Room 65. 227 Monroe Street. Brooklyn, WANTED: Amateur photo hs suitable for et and advertising subjects. M print andprice Ith postage for return i o cetd oTeGo Lawrence Comp an y Ave, Ch L WE WANT A HUSTLING AGENT in our town ir the only automatic she the Sheer- it Shears. est shears, best terms. Cr It given. Orders filled ime day received. Novelty Shear Co., 18 La Salle ;., Chicago, Ill. SALESMEN TO SELL the largest line of souvenir st cards in the countr . Also large line of adver sing fans. Excellent side line. Good Commission id Prompt settlement. Alfred Holzman Pub aher. 34- Dearborn St.. Chicago, 111. MEN & BOYS WANTED to learn the Plumbing rade. Complete the course in 2 or 3 months. Ju ors earn from $3 to $4 per day. With 6 months' cperienee outside, You can join the Union and de and $4 to$5 per d. Catal e sent free. Union lumbing S ,cho. iP W. 29th St., New York. WE WANT MEN in ever. State to carry on busi s of great profit, Attractive proposition to anent men. State Maps sell themselves, Stzctly immission basis. Scarborough Co. Box 52M9, BoB n, Mass, or Indianapolis, Ind. LADIES' APPAREL SHIRT WAIST HOLDER EXTRAORDINARY .eps waist down all around: no pins or hooks to ar: send 25.. with waist measurement over corset id ask for white or black. Felix Corset Co., 131 rince St.. New York. REAL ESTATE. 20 ACRE TRACTS CHOICESTfruit and farm land n tne Gulf Cpast Highlands in Alabama) for $50 Lah and 45 monthly insta.mentsof $10 each n. 6per m.t). Cgroay $"5 to $250 an acre a year. Remark ly hlth fu. Send for booklet. Ir o., 18$ La Salle St., Chicago. ILLa WANTED: WICHITA PROPERTY. Lands In thwest Kansas. What have you for sale? 22 ars buying and selling Kansas dirt. Choice 610 :res near Garden City., 40D. Write E. LSpencer, S S. Lawrence Ave., Wichita, Kansas. CALIFOHN'A COLONIZATION LANDS. Tracts 210 to 20,000 acres; low prices; easy terms; level, o4 alluvi soil; abundance of water; best clima i earth. U. L Dike Investment Co. (Inc.) 231 ason Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. COUNTRY PROPERTY ONLY-EVERYWHERE Farms, residences, hote stores, etc. Catalog ree to intending buyers. wers i to sel JI or write at once. Phillips & Wells, 2ildlng. New York. BUSINESS EQUIPMENT. CALIGRAPH TYPEWRITER $10.D Remington, Wet, Densmore & Jewett, $15.0 each. Electric nmercial Graphaphone Outfit new tapermn schnMbcej Edison oga!rM Hakr2 ark Il Y. BOWK-KEEPEBS- Keep out of trouble. Remove fts and incorrect en.cies without scratcng. Our adicator never fails. Send 2 ic. for bottle. Best ~ms to Agents. H. A. Ink 'radicator Co., 1.980 shington Ave., New York. MISCELLANEOUS. OUVENIR POST CARDS OF NEW YORK CITY, tutifully colored, no two alike, prominent views y. Send twenty-five cents in stamps or money Ler and I will malI six cards, one card a day for days. Fere addresses one cent additonal card. JULIU WEIL No. 21 West Houston St., w York City. References. Mechanic & Traders nk. ELF FILLING "Bloil-" Fountain Pen.~Tae ;t and most simple self illn Fountain Pen made. XV to introduce it to the trade now. Regular retail ce $2.00. For sale at any Stationer. Dept. Stere or weler, or of the manuracturer. Diamond Foint 2 Co., 102 Beekman St., New York. i VISITING CARDS 10c. Your name neatly nted in script, old English, or Roman on 25 fine tstol cards, only Ift name and addi ess, L5c. 50 h name and address, 25c. Matteson, 301.-46th St., xklyn, N. Y. TPBER WRITING. Construct your own secret )her by the Perfect Syitem. Invaluable for cor pondence and diaries. Easy for these having r. Others cannot understand. Full instructions J.. W. Magrath, P. O. Box 224. New York. MASS. HISTORICAL Post Cads,po10i0.~e ton Art Co., 582 Broadway. New Yorz.ty. ATSKILL MT. POST CARDS-10 ssorted finest ored artistic views. 25 cents. from the Haunts of Van Winkle. If you don't like 'em we refund money. AlsoWes Point. Hudson River Views. , &., istfre. Brto &Spooner, Box 33, Corna l-on-Hudson, N. Y. TELETIC OUTFITS-Base Ball uniforms a laty. Se nd for sample book of uniform flannels ati th U.S. Establise 1 m0 ili Re ins, Boston, Mass. ALUABLE SCARF PINS absol't protected our ptented thief proof " Simplex Pin Guaro." c deaer or send 25 cents t-afor odplated 'e. H. Rypinski, 142 West 10h SreNew ATENTS TEAT PROTECT. Our 3 books for mAr male on reepto 6 cents stamp.R ,SHED 'ION OF I POPLE" .DOLE e Religion of a GentlemsD;" racy," etc. tnd stimulating book has as a most valuable, con e present day.. NSPIRATION OF ~TIO IDEALS ear and convincing, in its onditions that confront the s it will go forward with a :oU7NTRY and with renewed ~IE PEOPLE. ter of the Hackley School, declares that "it gives the rent simplicity and charm It speaks as a friend to a perfect ease and clearness." L healthy and virile essay." ver, speaking of its reality y revelation." ndreds of ecomiums corn I the pressure of aIAL QUESTIONS ME. oe included). Remit by order or postage stamps, "~ 143 MAIN STREET I WATERTOWN MASS