The intelligencer. (Anderson, S.C.) 1915-1917, December 08, 1915, Page PAGE SIX, Image 6
Proclaims the Doctrine J
tween Nations of the \
cates Preparedne
States for
Washington, Dec. 7.-A doctrine or
Pan-Americanism-of full partner- j
ship between tho nations of thc wes
tern iicm(sphere in world affairs
was proclaimed by President Wilson
yesterday in his third annual address
Ot congress, the theme of which was 1
preparedness by tho United States to j
defend not only its own independence ;
but the rightH of those with whom lt
has made common cause. The mes
sage was read by tho president to
the senate and house assembled in
joint session in the chamber ol tue
haute.
This message was the longest Mr.
Wilson has ever delivered to congress. I
He began willi a statement that since!
bo addressed congress:
Tho full text of the message fol
lows:
Gentlemen ol' the Congress: Situe I |
last had tho privilege Of addressing:
you on the state of the union tho war 1
of nations on the ot:or side of the
sea, which had then only begun to ;
disclose Us portentous proportions,
has extended its threatening and sinis
ter scope until it luis swept within its
flnmo some portion of every quarte*.*
of tho globe, not excepting our own
hemisphere, has altered u:o whole '
face- )f international uffaira, and now j
presents n prospect of reorganization
and reconstruction such ne statesmen '
nnd peoples havo never been called 1
upon to attempt, before. - j
We have stood apart studiously
neut ia), lt was our manifest duty
to do eb. . Not only did wo have no
part or Interest in the polloica which
sti.in to have brought tho conflict on;
it waa hecossary, If a universal catas-.
trop .e Was to bu avoided, that o limit
should be set to thc swoop of destruc
tive war and, that some part ot tho
great family of nations nliould heep
tho processes of peace alive, If only
to prevent collective economic ruin
ard ttl3 breakdown- throughout the
world of tho industries .-by v/h'.ch Ita
populations aro fed and sustained. It
was manifestly *f.e duty \if tho selt
??ovornod ' nations of this hemisphere
to redress, . if possible,, tue b;vlancs
of economic loss: and contusion in the
other, if they could do nuthing more.
In* the day of readjustment and recu
peration we ehrhostty hope and bc
llovo that they can be'of Infinite ser
vice.
In this , neutrality, to w'vleh' they
wero bidden not only by their separato
Ufo and their habitual detachment
from the politics of Europe but also
by a clear perception'of international
duty, tho states of America have be
come conscious of a new and moro
vital community of Interest and moral
partnership in affair's, more Clear!v
conscious of the many. common sym
pathies and intero&ta and duties wino.,
bid them-stand together.
Neutrality Dlfllcblt.
There was o tim? In' the o'arly daya
of our own /great* nation- and of tue
republics fighting their way to indo
pendehco in Central and South Ameri
ca when the government ot tho Unit
ed States looked upon Itself as in
Bomo sort Itae guardian of the repub
lics to'the south bf her as against any
eneros'dunen ta or efforts, at . political,
control from' tho other sido of th? wa
ter;- felt lt .Ita duty to play tho part
even without invitation from them;
and I think that wo ' can cia i ai timi
tue task was undertaken with a true
nnd difdntcfosted enthusiasm for the
freedom of thc Americas and tho r.n
n??l?ircv? Self goYernuiehi ?? lier inde
pendent peoploa. 'But it was always
?llQcult to maintain, such a role with
out offence to thc pride of the peoples
whose freedom Of action we sought,
to protect, and without provoking'
serious misconceptions of our motives,
and' every tlioughful roan of uffalrs
must welcome tho altered dr-au in
stances of the'now day lu whoso light,
we now; stand; when thero Ia no chum
of guardianship or thought of wards
but, Instead, a full and honourablo as
sociation us of partners between our
se Ive a and our neighbors* in thb.iator
est of <ill America, north ?hd south.
Our concern for v-o indopondenr.e and
-prosperity'of tho states ot Central and
South Am or lea Ja not altered. . We
. retain miaba ted tho spirit that has
iusplred ,us throughout the wholo Ufo
of our. government and which -was so
.frankly -pvt into words by Provident
. Monroe. We Btill mean always to
make a common cause of national In
dependence and of political liberty In
America. But that , purpose ls now
.better understood so far as it con
cerns ourselves. It is known not to
bo n. ??iflah' purpose. It ls'known to
,'h'ave in7 lt no thought of taking ad-,
vantage .ot any government in " this
hci?lsph?r?, or play??g *.ts political,
fortunes for our own benefit. AU
the* governmehta ot America stand, so
>?a~v^s TPTS sro. coTtoorncd, upon ? loot
ing:- of genuine-equality und tte ques
tioned indepont/oftco.
V ?*e-Test af Mexico;';-'
Wo hav-o" beera put-to' the test ia the
caso' iof Mexico, and wo have. stood
tho, test. Whether we have benoflted
Mexico by?tao course wo (havo pur
sued .remains to > be speny Her.'for
tunesere. In hcrVowVha^da. Bwt wb
have iV^Tenst'itrorbd, that wo VllV hot
-?'tak$ advantageof her ih her d?itreas
and .undertake'' to Impos? upon' 'lier ah
brder ?nd - government of- bur /own
e>,?oslft?. c. Liberty, is often1 a .fierce
'idtdi intractable thing, to which no
boifflfaa^chnT' b^ set, and tb whi?h no
bounds bf a few men's ?faooslpg ought
ever; tb he set.*-1 Every American who
ba9'drunk at *ta?''frue 'f?thtilhs ot
../principle- and- tradition must suh
' rist??PI^'jiiirlmbhfcv re^^atten to ? the
; highV doctrine - Af tho Virginia ?11 of
rights, which in the great days in
fr* r v HT
I ILA 1 k
of Full Partnership Be
Vestern World-Advo
c? By the United
? Defense.
which our government wa? ?ct up was
everywhere amongst us accepted ur,
tho creed of free men. That doc
trine is, "That government is, or
onglit to he, instituted for tho eom
? mon benefit, protection .and sec urity
of the people, nation, or community,"
that "of nil the various modes and
forms of government that ia tito best
i which ls capable cf producing thc
greatest degree of happiness und sufc
ty, and Is most cru-ctuully seeured
against the dungor of maladministra
tion; and that; when my, government
Bhail bi? fomid Inadequate or contrary
to these purposes, a m:.JorIty of the
community hath nu Indubitable, In
! alienable, and Ind?fe?slble right to re
lorin, niter, or abull.ni in such mau
nor as shall be Judged met condu
cive lo the nubile weal." Wo have
unhesitatingly applied ?lint heroic
principle to the case of Mexico, und
now hopefully await thc rebirth of thu*
troubled republic, which had KO mutti
Of which tb purge itself and so little
sympathy from any outside quarter in
the radical but necessary process. We
will aid and befriend .Mexico, but we
win not coerce hor; and our course!
with rr:;ard to her ought to be BU -
clent proof to all America that we
seek no political suzerainty or selfish
control.
T-.-iO moral 1B, that tho sta i of
America are not hostile rivals but
?ooperatlng friendk, und that their
growing sense of community of inter
est, alike In matters political mid in
mutters ?conomie, ls likely to give
them a new significance as factors in
international affairs and in tho poli
tical history of the world. It pre
sents them as In a very deep and
truo seii8e a unit in world affairs,
spiritual partners, standing together
because thlhlllrig together, quick with
common ?tympathlen and cornu: JU
.ideals. Separated Uley are subject
to all tho eroat? curront.3 o' the con
fu?ed politics of a world'.of hostile
rivalries; united In spirit and purpose
they cannot bo disappointed of their
peaceful destiny.
l'a n-A ui er ic'! n Is ;n.
This ls- Pan-Am?ricanism. It han
none of. the Bpirlt of umpire in lt. It
is tho embodiment, tho effectual em
bodiment, of tho spirit of law and In
dependence and liberty and mutuul
service ? ' '.
A very notable body of men recent
ly met In'the city of Washington, at
tho invitation and as tho guests of
this govornmont, -whose deliberations
aro likely to bo looked back to as
marking a memorable turning point in
tho history of America. They were
representative spokesmen of tho sev
eral indopendont ?tates ol ?lila hemH
'phero'and were assembled-to discuss
tllb financia) -and cOnimiircmi re?.??oiia
of the republics of tho two continents
wOlch nature and political fortune
? have so intimately linked, together. I
? earnestly recommend to your p?rimai
! tho reports of their proceeding* and
, of tho actions of their committees.
'You will get from them, I think, a
fresh conception of the case and In
telligence and advantage with which
Americans of bom continents may
draw together in practical cooperation
and of what tho material foundations
of this hopeful partnership of interest
! must consist-of how wo should build
! them and of how necessary lt ls that
wo should hasten moir building..
Thora ls, I venturo to polri out. -an
especial slgn'flcnne.i> Just now attach
ing iv tais whole runtier of drawing
thc America:; together in bonds ot
honourable partnership and mutual
ndviantago because of tho economic
readjustments which bho world must
inevitably," witness within thc next
goner?tlon, when poace sin ll have at
last resumed Un healthful tasks. Tn
1 the porfprmqneo,or those tusks I be
lieve tho Americas to. be destined to
play ti.Dlr. p?rto' together' I am in
terested to fix your attention on this
; prospect now because unities you take
| It\ Within*'you> j vie v* and permit tho
i fiiil ''significance' of "it .to command
.your, thought I cannot find the right
light in which tb 6et. forth tho partl
? cular matter mat lies at tho- very
iront of my wholo thoughts as I ad
dress you . today, I mean national
I defense, -
Spirit ctn'(front People.
No ono'who really comprehends tho
spirit of tho great poople for whom
wo ' aro' appointed to speak can fail
to perceive that thoir passion ls for
poace, their genius, best displayed in
the practice of tho arts of neace.
Great democracies aro not boUigirent;'
Ti;oy db not scold, or desiT war. Their,
thought ls of individual, liberty and
of tho-ffco labour that supports life
and the uncensored thought. . that
I quickens it. Conquest and dominion;
aro. not in our reckoning, or ogreo?
abie .to our /principles. But Just bes.
cause :r?> demand unmriestod develops
ment and' tho uhdlst?rbcu go\*\?rnm?ot
'ot our own lives upon our own prin
ciples of right and liberty, we resent,
from: whatever quartor it may come,
tho aggression wo ?oursulvea will not
practice. Wo insist upon security in
.prpsectii.ti^g-our .Belf:chosen* lines . ot
hattonel dov?lpjit?i?nt. Wc do m?re
traah that. We demand it alisp- for.
others.'-- AVo do not confine ohr?:e*a"-''
thusiasm for individual liberty and
,.roo national d?velopmeht to the in
cidents mul movemehta' of . .affairs
whtth affect only ourselves. Wo feel
lt wherever, there Is a . people" that
tries;'* to,walk in these, dlflloult ?paths
of .Iridepch'dbnce and right '. F'rom.'tho
first we. have mado cominoh cause'
wita all partisaris of'-liberty, on thia
si4o th?? sea,- ?D^-:hav?.'deeme?'''.''lt': aa/
important tlint- otu* neighbors Should.*
bo free from ali.ou.tsldo. domination as
IHHHfS
WTHI
?BcnaaamjnnBBaaBMnKBHMaNni
that wc ourselves should be; have
set America asido as a whole for-tho
UK?'.? of Independent nations and poii
tlcal freeman.
Out of such thc tghts grow all our
policies. Wo regard war merely as
a means of asserting toe rights of a
people against aggression. And we
I arc us fiercely Jealous of coercive or
dictatorial power within our own na
tion as of, aggression from without.
I We will not maintain a standing army
except for asea which are as noces
I sary in lim?s of neueo as In times of
' war; and wo shall always roe to it
that our military peace establishment
ls no larger than ls actually and con
tinuously needed for t?o uses of dr.ys
in which no enemies move against us.
!iut wo d''. beHeye In a hody m tree
[citizens ready and sufficient to tone
euro of -theim-iel VPK nnd nf ?ho govern
ments Which they have set up to servo
thom. In our constitutions them
selves we have commanded that "the
right of the people to kcop and bear
I ai ms snail not bo Infringed/' ?"d our
; coininencc has ?cen that our safely
I In times of danger would?lie In the t?s?
? ing of tho nation to take care of itself,
as tho farmers rose at Lexington.
War a Disciplined .Might.
But wnr has never been a mere
, matter of men and guns. It is a thing
; of disciplined might. If our citizens
; aro ever to fight effectively upon a
1 sudden summons, they must know
how modern fighting ls done, and what
I to do when tho summons comes to ron
; der themselves Immediately avallablo
and Immediately effective. And the
government must be their servant In
j UUs matter, must supply them with the
training they need to take care of
I themselves and of lt. The military
'.arm of their government, which lucy
j will not allow to direct thom, they
may properly uso to serve them and
. make their independence secure,
! nnd not their own Independence mere
ly but the rig?ts also of those wf*b
1 whom tlioy have made conir-jon cause,
?should they also be put In jeopardy.
?They must bo fitted to play thc great
j role In tho world, and particularly
, in this hemisphere, for whlcV.i they arc
I qualified by principle and by chasten
! ed ambition to play .
It ls with these Ideals in mind that
tho plans pf tho department of war
I for moro .adequate national defense
were conceived which will be laid be
fore you, nnd whldii I urge you to sauc
I tlou and put Into effect aa soon as
they can be properly scrutinized and
i discussed. Thev Boom to me the es
sential-first steps, and tney soom to
nie for tho present sufficient.
Increase of Standing Army.
They contemplate an Increase of tho
standing force of the regular army
from Us present strength of five thous
and and twenty-three officers and ono
hundred and two thousand nine hu
dred and eighty-five enlisted men of
all services to a strength of severn
thousand one hundred und thirty-six
0 iii ec-ri; and one hundred and thirty
j four thousand seven hundred. and
! sovoa - enlisted men, or 111,843,- all
told, ul! services, rank and file, by
the addition of fifty-two companies o?
coast artillery, fifteen companies ol
engineers, ten regiments of infantry,
four regiments of field artillery, and
four nero squadrons, besides seven
"hundred and fifty officers required
for a great variety of extra service,
especially the all important duty'ol
training u.ve i t.lzen force of which 1
shall presently speak, cjven hundred
and ninety-two commissioned officers
for service In drill, recruiting and thc
Uko, and tho nocessary quota of en
listed men for tho quarterniastoi
corns,.'tho hospital, corps, the ordi
uance department, and other slmilai
auxiliary services. These are the ad
dit'ens iicco-ocivry to render tho nrtnj
atioquato lor ita present duties, duties
whlda- lt has to perform not only up
on our own continental coasts aiu
borders aad at our-interior army posts
but also in tho Philippines, in th?
Hawaiian Islands, nt tin* Isthmus, am
in Porto Rico. .
2?y way of making the country readj
to ussert sumo part of its real powc;
promptly and upoa a larger scale
should occasion arlso, tho -pira ala<
contemplates supplementing the arm;
by a forco'of four hundred' thous?an<
j dlsclpllr td citizens, raised in inc rc
' incuts o one hundred and tflrtrty-thret
thousand a year throughout tv perio?
of three years. TMs.it ls proposed'l<
do b/va- process pf enlistment unde
which tho sorvlcablo men of the conn
try would bo asked to bind themselve
to servo with tho colors for purpose
of training for snort period through
out threo years, and tb come to tin
?colors at call at any timo throughou
ari additional "furlough" period. o
j three years.. This force of four hun
1 dred- thousand mon would be prov l l
i ed with norsonal accoutrements as fas
fas enlisted arid their equipment ;fo
? the field made ready to bo supplie
at any time, T?ey .would,bo assent
?bled for training at stated interval
j at convonKint. places in ?ssociatio!
j with, suitable units of tho l?gula:
. army. Their period of. annual trHin
. lng ' would not necessarily exceed tw
months in tho year.
It .woilld depend upon the patrlpti
feeling of tho . younger ,raen of -,th
?country, whether thoy responded.' t
erich a call' to service, vor riot. - '1
ifould deporid'upem the.patrk?tic spiv!
ot ?ie-employers Of the country whola
Crthcty made it possible fortho young
er men'tn' their, employ f? respon
Under .favorable conditions or not; :
for.-ono, do not-'doubt the patritti
devotion either of our-y?uns mon-?
Of those who glve;thom empioymehi
..0(02?; for whoso, berief lt. arid prot?t
Won "they would in fact"enlist,
would .look1 ror<wafd"tp th'?' ??ccess. c
auch-an experiment,with entire conf
'dence.} ..
? At - least sa : much by. way . of pr<
parattah for def en BO . seer* ;, te mo t
be absolutely 'imperaWvp; sj?w. \? W
cannot do less. "
-:.5Tae programme which will *Hi lal
7 WD ?pi
beforo you by t lie Eoerctury of the
nuvy Is . aimilariy conceived. It In
volves only a shortening of the timo
within Wf.vich plans long matured
shall bo carried out; bul lt does make
definite and explicit a. programme
which has heretofore been only Im
plicit, held in the minds of the com
mittee on naval affairs and disclosed
in the, debates or the two houses but
nowhere formulated or formally udopt
cd. It seems to nie very clear teat it
will be to the advantage of thc- coun
try rot" the congress te? adopt a com
prehensivo plan for putting tho navy
upon a final footing of strength and
eiflcicney and,-lo press that ?"lan to
completion within tile next five years.
We havlo always l<;oke:l to. thc ne.vy
of the country as our first and chief
lino of defense; we ''.ave always seen
it to be cur manifest course of pru
dence to be strong on the seas. Year
by year wo have boen creating a navy
Which' now ranks very high indeed
among tho ?Davies of the maritime na
tions We sho lld now definitely de
termine how. we sr,.all complete what
wo have begun, and laow'aoon.
The programme to be laid before you
contemplates the construction within
five years of ten battleships, six bat
tle cruisers, ten scout cruisers, fifty
destroyers,, fifteen fleet submarines,
eighty-five coast submarines, four
gunboats, one hospital r.hip, two am
munition ships, two fuel oil shins, and
one repair ship.. It is proposed that
cf this number wo shall tao first
year provide for the construtcion v2
two battleships, two battle cruisers,
threo scout cruisers, fifteen destroy
ers, five fleet submarines, twenty-five
const submarines, two gunboats, and
ono hospital ship; tho second year,
two battleships, one .';c.out cruiser, ten
destroyer?, four floot submarines, fif
teen coast submarines, ono gun heat,
and'one fuel, oil ship; the third yoar,
two battle ships, ono battlo cruiser,
two scout cruisers, five destroyers,
two fleet submarines, and fifteen coast
submarines; thc four year, two battle
ships, two battlo cruisers, two scout
cruisers, ten destroyers, two fleet sub
marines, 'fifteen'ebast submarines, one
ammunition^ ship, and ono fuel oil
ship; and thc fifth year, two battle
ships, one; battle cruiser, two scout
cruisers, ten destroyers, two iieet sub
marines, fifteen coast submarines, one
gunboat, one ammunition ship, and one
repair ship^,,., i ,
Tho secretary of (he navy is askiiij
also for the. Immediate r.dd'licn tc
tho personnel of the navy of s~vea
thousand ttvoO-'jiid1.-ed Bailors, twenty
five hundred apprentice seamen, and
fifteen hun"dred marines. This In
crease would bc sufficient to caro for
the ships 'which ure to bo complete-'
within tho 'fiscal year 1917. und alec
for the number of men which must bc
put in traiuins to man tl ;tb< ships which
will bo couaipicted early in 1918. Il
is also necessary that tho number ol
midshipmenyat tho naval 'academy al
Annapolis abould./ba. increased by al
least UtreaTnindrcd in order that tl?:
forco of .officers should* be more rapid
ly, added- to;, rani authority 13 askct
to appoint, fpr .engineering duties on
ly, approvedj. graduates, of engineer
lng . collegea,,. and. for service In th?
aviation corps a. certain number o:
men taken from civil life.
. If this full . .programme i'iould bi
carried out wo should have built oi
building in 1021, According to tbe es
Uniates of,'??.rviynl.:and standards o
classification, followed by the genera
board of the, department, an cffectlv?
navy consisting ot twenty-seven bat
tlcshlps of tim*flret line, ai:: batth
cruisers, twenly-ftiie battleships of tin
second line,, toa armored cruisers
thirteen scout crtltacrs, tlvo first das:
cruisers, three second class cruiser?
ton third ciuatj cruisers, ono i .usure;
ami eight. destroyers, eightcon flee
submarine's,, ono. hundred and fifty
seven ccaat submarines, six monitors
twenty gunboats, four supply ships, fif
teen fuel ships, four" transports, titre
tenders to. torpedo- vessels, eight vos
eels bf special' tspes, and two "ammunl
tion ships. TUls would'be a nav;
fitted to our heeds und worthy' o
our Intuitions.. '
Armies- (Intv a FVirt.
But armies and instrument's of wa
PAO only part ot "what has tb bo con
sid?rea if we are to.'consider tf.io iu
j1, cai o matter of national 'self-sulll
doney and se??rity in all'Its,; aspects
Thero aro other great mat??'ra whlc
will be thrust s upon "onr - a tient io
whether wo will1 dr hot. There is, fo
.example, a very'pressing question ?
trade and shipping involved in thi
?reat problem ot matlbnar adequacy
it is necessary-"for many' weight;
reasons of national efficiency and dc
velopment that we should imvo a grea
merchant. marine.. -. Tho great mei
chant fleet wc once used to make u
rich.'.that. gMt?jCy?wiiiiVi al'lrAy .?lloi
who used to orrry our ;fiag into c^er
Boa,. and who were tho pride and ol
ton the bulwark-of. the nation, wo f-.av
-almost driven :out-of existence by ic
excusable neglect .and.? indifferent
?nd by a hopelessly hi md and prbvir
etel policy of so-called. economic prc
toctlon.': It is hlyh tMho wo. repaire
our mistake and resumed o-iv commei
v. lal Independence ? on , the'- sea*.
For it ls a question nf tndopondenc
If other nations- ?a-,to. war or sec
to hamper each-other's, commerce, OJ
'merchants, lt. s???mv,ar? ,at their thai
cy, to do with\?Br<?a0f-vslp'i^e;-'. ?vVV
mu?t, uso thdr; ships, and', nee. thai
as they ueteruj?hb1^, Wb hh^' hot'shti;
; enoush;of';.o'u^^^ 'cannot' hat
die otar .bwn^.pbnim?rce, oakthe-!' seta
Our lud?p?n.dencO"J?. provincial, \at
ls only .on land bha^wlthlp, .bur ow
borders. Wo^ar?.not likely tb he pc
ml?tod to bao oyen' tho j?hl?^'.of;'?OA<
nations in;'riyairy\:?r;.iheir...tbwn trad
and oro'without moan's to "extchd ' ot
commerce' even , whbr,e the doors oi
iwide open ah<t our .goods desiree
Such 'h situation -ts no^ to be endure*
rt ls of .eapftai^tm^rtanbb net tm
that tho United States should be i
own carrier on the seas und enjoy tl
? S 'i'-.-'tk-' -Vi ? '? . "'i *?"Vt' Y ;<. ifl?S ?'*!
economic independence whlcTi only on
ad?quate merchant marine would give
it, but also that the American hemis
phere as a whole should enjoy a like
Independence and self-sufficiency, if lt
is not to bia drawn into the tangie
of European affairs. Without such"
independence thc whole question of
our political afrulrs. Wltihout such j
independence the whole question of
our political unity and self-determina
tion ls very seriously clouded and
complicated Indeed. ,
Moreover, wo c^n develop no true
or effective American policy without
.ships of our own-not ships ol' war,
but ships of peace, carrying good-?
and carrying much more; creating
friendships and rendering Indispen
sable services to all interests on this
side the water.. They must move con
stantly, back and forth between .ne
Americas. They are the only shuttles
that can weave the delicate fabric
of sympathy, comprehension, confi
dence, and mutual dependence In
which wo wish to clothe our policy or
America for Americans.
. Adequate Merchant Marine.
Tie task of buildin;; up nn adequate
merchant marine, for America p-ivate
capital must ultimately undertake and
achieve, as it has undertaken and
achieved every other like task amongst
us In-the past, with admirable enter
prise, intelligence, and vigor; and lt
seems to me a manifest dictate of
wisdom that' wo should promptly re*
move every legal obstacle that may
stand In the wey of this much to be
desired revival of our old independence
and should facilitate in every possible
way the building, purchase, end
American registration of ships. Hut
capital cannot accomplish this great
task of a sudden. It must embark
upon ii by degrees, as tho opportuni
ties o? trade develop. Something
must bo done at once; done to open
routes and develop opportunities
where they are as yet undeveloped;
done to open thc i'.rterles of trado
where thc currents have not yet learn
ed to run,-especially between tno
two American continents, where they
arc, singularly enough, yet-to be creat
ed and quickened;, and it is evident
-that only tho government can under
take such beginnings and assume the
Initial financial risks. V?hcn the risk
has passed and private capital begins
to find Ita way In sufficient abundance
into these new. channels, the govern
ment m3y withdraw. But lt cannot
omit to begin. It, should take thc
first steps, and should take them at
once.. Our good?. must, not Ho plied
up at our porta and stored upon olde
tracks In frelght;cars which aro dally
needed on the roads;, must not be
left without means of transport to
any foreign quarter. We must not
await the permission of foreign ship
owners and foreign governments lo
send them where wo-will.
' Wibi a ylow to meeting these pr'oss
ing necessities of our commerce and
availing obrselveB at, tho earliest pos
Blblo. moment of .the, present, unparnil
tIed. opportunity, <>f .'Imklhg. lh'u two
IAme-icas together In bonds.of mutual
interc3t''?nd service, an opportunity
whlc]ti mx?t never return again.if we
miss lt now, proposals v ill' be made
40 tho prescht congress ?or the-pur
chase or construction of ships to be
owned and ' directed by the govern
ment similar to those made to the lasl
congress, but modified in some essen
tial particulars'. i.I. recommend ttiese
proposals to you for your, prompt ac
ceptance with the moro confidence be
causo ovory month* that-has. elapsoc
since the former proposals were made
has on ado the necessity tor sqph action
more and more manlfestJy Imperative
That need waa then foreseen; it IE
now acutoly felt and overywhf r-a rea
lized by those for .wuom trade ls wait
ing but who can find ho conveyance
for their goods. . I j am not. co mud;
interested id the particulars of thc
programme a? I am In taking, lin me
diate advantage of,, the great oppor
tunlty. whlqh awaits ?us If wo will- bu!
act In this emergency. In this mat
ter, as. in all.others', a spirit of com
mon coups'"} should prevail,- and ou
.of. lt il'1 ou?e- come un early/solutioi
of; this- .pressing problem. ; *
Policy Towariia* Colonial B.
There is anothermatter which-sce?i!
to mo to be very intimately associ?t
od with the? question of national safe
ty. and preparation-for defense. .Thia
is our. poftcy towards the Philippine!
apa tho people of Porto- pico. Ou
treatment of- them.-, and-their attlt?di
towards .us ar,*? manifestly, of ...bio firs
consequence in tho d?volopment *o
our dutlos in the world and in gottini
a; free h_nd to perform thosO duties
We must bo free fropn overy urincc
casa ry burden or 'embarrassment
and there js no better way to bo clea
of. embarrar-sinont than to .fulfill en
liri .In lam' ami rm*-..t\._- ?Wi-jT--^
of those dependent, oh us -to tho-ut
most. Bills for the alt?ration and ro
form of tho government o? tho Phillp
pines and for. rendering fuller pollti
col; Justed to die people of Porb
Pico-were 'submitted to the stxty-thlfl
congress". They will fee submited al
eb 'to, youI ', need : not?: particularly
their details. . You arc-moat of yoi
already famille* with .them. But I d
recommend them to your eatly adop
tlon with' the' sincero conviction tba
tlioto .arc . fow measatros you cont
adopt; which - .would more : eervicabl;
clear tfie way for ??ie great -polleiert b
which we -wish, to'*make .good, noi
and aJways.-ojir^Tlght to lead' in enter
prises - of : peace arid good witt an
economic and political irc-cdo^&g??
. th?:plans for the' armed forces c
^.nation w??tch iifcave outlined, an
??gihe got?eral policy ot s4^o.??t
preparation . for mobilizationjaml ; st?
feriae, involve of cnnr?e very larg
nodltioholexpenditures ,-of - noa%
cxpeualtrires which ,wil?.;icoris??erabi
.eraj^tthc estimated revenues, of th
government' It ia mado by duty b
law,'; whenever tho estimates o? 03
penditut? exceed the , estimate* <
revenue, to call the ?tien??oh^g^l
congress to the fact and stiegest any I
moan? of meeting thc deficiency that I
!t may be wise or possible for mo to j
suggest. I am ready to believe that :
it would bo my duty to do so in any
casej_and I feel particularly bound
W'?p?ak of the-matter when it ap
pears that tho deficiency will arise
directly out of the adoption by tho
congi ess of measures which I myself
ur?o it to adopt. Allow me, there
fore, to speck briefly of the pr?v?nt
slate of the treasury and of the fiscal
problems which the next year will
probably fib-close.
Balance in Treasury,
On the thirtieth of June last "there
was on available balance in-the gen
eral fund of the treasury of $104,170,
105.78. The total estimated receipts
for tho year l?ltj, on the assumption
that the emergency revenu? measure
passed by the lasfcong.ebs will not
be extended beyond Its present limit,
the thirty-first of December, 1915..
and that tho present duty of ono rent
per pound ou sugr>r Will bc discon
tinued after tho first of May, 1916,
will ba $G70,3G5,GOO. The balance of
Juno last and these estimated reve
nues come, therefore, to a grand *btal
of $774,535.005.78. The total estimat
ed disbursement for the present fiscal
year, Including twenty-five millions
for the Panama Canal, twelve millious
for probable deficiency appropria
tions, and fifty thousand dollars for
miscellaneous debt redemptions, will
be $753,891,000; and the balanc? in
tho general fund of the treasury will
be reduced to $20,(344,605.78. The
emergency revenue act, if continued
beyond its present time limitation,
would produce, during the half year
then remaining, about forty-one mil
lions. Tho duty of one.cent per pound
on sugar, if continued, would produce
during the two months of tho fiscal
yep.r remaining after Uro first of May,
about fifteen millions. These two
sums, amounting together to fifty-six
millions, if aded to the. revenues of
the second half of the fiscal year,
would yield the treasury at the cud of
tho year an available balance of $7G,
G-}-i,G0n.78. j
The additional revenues required to
carry out the programm? of military
and naval preparaUon of which I
have spoken, would, a3' at figures
taken with tho figures for the present
fiscal year~ which I have already
given, disclose our financial problem
for tho year 1917. Assuming that tho
taxes imposed by( the emergency
rcvonuo act and the present duty on
sugar are to be" discontinued, and that
the balanco at thc close of the present
fiscal year will be only $20.644,605.78,
that the disbursements for the Pana
ma Canal will again bo'about, twenty
five million.'-,, and that the additional
expenditures for the army and navy
are authorized by the congress,, tho
deficit in the general fund of tho
treafcurj on the'thirtieth bf .June,
11*17, will ba nearly two hundred,, and
;tu!rty-llv?.. millions. ' To tbls;,'sum at
least filty^ .added
to 'represent' a safe' work|fig balance
for ''.no treasury, and twoKc millions
to include the usual deficiency esti
mates, in 1917;; and these . additions
would moke . a. total deficit , of soma
two hundred and ninety-seven mil
lions. If tho present taxes Should be
continued throughout this year and
tho noxt, however, there would be. a
balance in tho treasury of some
seventy-si-c and i "half millions at thc
end of the present ' fiscal year, -and
a deficit at tho end of the noxt year ol
only some fifty millions,, or, reckon
ing in sixty-two millions for deficiency
appropriations r. u d a safo, treasury
balance at tho end of tho.year, a total
deficit of come ono hundred and
iweivo minions. The' obvious morai
or til.i figures is :tlmt it ls a plain
counsel of prudence to continue eil
of the rrospnt taxes or their eouiva
lonts. and confine ourselves : to thc
problem of, providing Borne hundred
and twelve'millions- of now revenue
rather their two hundred and'ninety
teven millions. '.
Itaising Kew Bovenue.
How sha!1, we obtain the new reve
nue? We ore frequently rem laded
that there ar? many millions,of b?ndt
which the treasury ls authorized un
der existing law to sell to reimburse
tho sums paid out of current fove?u??
for . thc ' construction'' of tho Pnnamc
Canal; and lt is true that bonds to t?.?
amount of approximately $222,000;
000 aro now availablo ' for .thai
purpose. Prior to 1913 .. $184,
631,980 of these bonds? had ac
tmu'.y been nolqMo recoup tho expen
ditures at tho isthmus; and now coi;
sUtuPva ^msiderabie i ,?m.of tho p?b:
He debt: Put 1. for one, do not'be
Hove. Umt the . people of Uris country
approve ' of poslportlr-g^ the .-.* paynton
e? their t-iUr.. ; mousy i;
short-sighted f^v?^k,V:3f^^gi:?l^ Juett
?ed only when periuauebt, things ~?rt
to bp, ncco'mplls]?ed . which many gen
eratlons ylll .certainly b?b?fii, of- ant
which lt .seems barely fair that a" Bin}
??ie. generation chonld, pay'/jfOr; Th'<
objects wv -' -?re' ' "hqw; ' ; proposing ' tc
spend'money-'for cannot ..ba r,o cl ans i
flod,. except iii tho VV?nW.t^at every
tiling "wisely done ? mtfy; b?; said i td1 'bi
done in tie interest" ot posterity ai
well os in our own.. It'see^a to rm
? clehr dictate; of prudent/Jtateshmn
ship and frank finance Umt'in wha
vi*e.aro nbw, I. kopo,.'about: to under
tako we ccitould'. pay aa wo go. Th?
peoplo of tho. country turo ofitlllcd U
know.Just what burdens A'u" taiatloi
thor." ate, tot: ckriy, and, to know fron
the outset, now. The-BAW hills shc-uh
b'?^a\'d bi' infcriial taxation.
. To what source?,;.then/.:shall .'w<
hi rn'J ThiB ia s?. pe?u?l?irly ix qtieb
tfoiii whlc> the gecitonm&of tho horas]
of.'r?pr?nbn??t?v?s: ?He eirp?ct?d unrde?
tile :cbu?(i|nt?oa;i? prbpb*ei nh t?hsw?!
to- thD.V.yot^;Will, h?l?lly .?xpecS*<
dei' mor? tmyn'i?we??s';'it;la'vver?:.??n
eral torres. ?.\Wo-,8n;ouiav?a-''foMwln"?
no. almost' universal .es?tnple of mod
ern" ' governments-.if We" wore to dray
.r~-:-~ . ' ? .-? ?'. ^ ' ?.'.?*."..'>.??' -'.'. - . ...^vr;, - .
~S3T?~--' ~* .
thc greater part or even the whole
of tho revenues we need fropi the in
come taxes. By somewhat lowering
the present limits of exemption and
tIii; figure at which tho surtax shall
begin'to be imposed, and by increas
ing,1 stun- by step throughout the pres
ent graduation, the surtax itself, tho
income taxes us at present apportion
ed would yield sunn* sufficient to bal
ance the books of the treasury at tho
end of the fiscal year 1917 without
anywhere making the burden unrea
sonably or oppressively heavy. Tho
precise reckonings are fully and ac
curately set out in the report of tho
secretary of the treasury which will ^
bc immediately laid before you.
. And there are many additional
sources of revenue which can justly,
be resorted to without hampering the
industries cf tire country or putting
any to?'-great charge upon individual
expenditure. A tnx of one cent per
grillon on gasoline and naptha.would
yield, at the present estimated pro
duction, $10,000,000; a tlx of 25
cenTs" per horse power on automobiles
aud internal explosion engines, $15,
000,000; a stamp tax on bank cheques,
probably $18,000,000; a tax of twenty
five cents per ton on pig Iron, $10,
000,000 f a tux of fifty cents per tem
or? fabricated' 'iron and steel, prob
ably $10,000,000. In a country bf groat
Industries like this it ought to be easy
to distribute the burdens of taxation
without, making them anywhere bear
too heavily or too exclusively upon
any one set of parsons or uudertph.-.
Ings. What ls clear ls, that the in
dustry/ of .this' generation should pay
the bllls'bf tills generation.
Thorough Preparation.
I have spok'?n'.to you today, gentle
men, upon a single thqmc, tho thor
ough preparation of the nation to
care for its own security, and to make
sure of entire* freedom to play the
Impartial role in this hemisphere and
In the world ; whifch''wo all believe to
have been providentially /assigned to
it. I havo had in my mind no thought
cf any Immediato or particular dan
ger arising out of our relations with
other''nations. We aro'at peace with .
altjlhc nations of tho world, and there T
5s rcanon io hope that no question In
controversy botween this and other
governments will lead to any serious
breach of amicable relut ion:;, grave as
som-.' differences of. attitude and
policy have'been and may. yet tura
out to b?.' "i'"am1 sorry to say that tho
gravest threats against our'national
pence audrs"afcty hove' been uttered
within our own borders. There aro
citidens of'tho United Stites, I blush ,
to ?dmtt; bo'r^?. under other flags but
welcot?0d'?\ina?r Our generous nat
uralization laws to the full freedom 1
and opportunity of Amarlca, who have
poured tlie,'poison of disloyalty into
the very.arteries of our national life;
who havq fought, to bring, the author- f
f ty $$$$$$ 'naij$ p^yur; ?py?rnment
into.' c?hteblpt, "to'destroy httfc indu3
. tiles' ,\v1ieVc'v^r.'they ''thpucht lt effec
tive'f?r^th'e^^^ purposes to
's/rl-R'?'.'bt''theni',J. a^d'toVdeb^? our
pplltlOs] to tho iises. Of fojrejgn intri
gu?.^ Their number is not great as .
cnn^p?r.?d"with tho..whole number of
(hpso^stuwiy' {tpa^s jjy , which our na
tion hiaB^bccn er riehqL.ui.recent gen
erations out, of yftlle .foreign stocks;
but [it is'tgr^nt ?p?ugh to have brought
de?p disgrace. i<pon ?s and haye made
it necessary^ tua? we should, promptly
make, use cf. processes of jaw by
wjjl?h. }v?-?nay bo purged ofthelr cor
r^'f-^p. tempe re,y i, America novor wlt
ijcsfsjeil (n^tWng like this before. It
?qyorj-dreamed it' possible-that men
sworn .into its own citizenship, mon .
drawn out of great freo stocks such 3 .
as supplied T.omo of the best and
jstroiiycsc elements or that little, but
lio^tferolcj. .nation that in a high /
day^v^f. Qld; staked Ita very life to free
itS^sh^ ffe?n '.every 'entanglement that
.had darkened , the fortunes of the old? .
er, payons and set up a, new stand
ar^ lt?fp.--lhat men of Such . origins
apdAsuch' free' choices of allegiance
? w??lft'^V?V^turn ;ln malign r?action
csalnsti. tho government and ;' people
who' had welcomed and nurtured
fjhc-in omi set-It to make this;proud
cobiitsir once moro a hotbed of Euro
peim passion. A little'whlla ago stich
a^tk??g would have.B??m?d incredible.
?Because lt was '.incredible'-we . mada
, po preparation for'lt ' We would havo
beep, ashamed tb^ prepare-for it, as if
we, wore suspicious of ourselves. - our ' .
own comrades and h?lghbbrsl' But ?
tho ugly and incredible thing haB ac
tually come about and we1 aro without
adequate federal laws: to 'deal-with it.
I urge you to enact' auclv lawa at tho
carib-* / possible moment' and f?ol that ;
in tiping 'an'-; t jam* urglhg . fcoup-'t? do
nothing le^ th^'savo tho honor and .
'sc?f-rt't iiect ot'tho gatton:' Such crea
tures- of passion, dit??oyalty, a?d'. an
archy ?rust'bo They -
aro no?imany;' out 't4i?^-vn.'r? ;mnniteiy" ' . '.'
?.irJignout, and tho hatid''of..?ur; pow
er fhonldi vcibse -. bvor ih?nFat once.
Th?:y ' nav?', fbmed-''jp???^<6'\ destroy "
liiope'rty, . thoy have '?nteW'd Into con- .
spiracle*, against, the neutrality of tho
govt>riitt?eW'th^^1i?trb?'?ptiglit '.tc- pry
Into every: confidential transaction of
tne'gaycrrimen^^ servo in- '' ,
toreB?: -siten to/our :?wn.' ; If is pps
albie jo deal wifii; th?se1' things very .
effectively. -V-?'nc^.nuVfsvggest the .s
terms in ' which;' they -nrny bb' dealt :
with. ; % .
u -, -, ;^s|r^.'.^raBs'e)i!s.'
1:;:'^ls?v that;it''c?}jt?:4?e said that,
?fftifc;? few; mpn;\ misled by mistaken i
??hum?n.ts or .rtllegiancoi tb ; the gov
i^^eni*'. ? u?fttor" whicn^'-.th?y ' 'va&Wf?
.jpre^t??" fcee?-.-guWI'-'or'aui'turnlttg
$8?^lf>P%seW
fng. the teinpe^a??^ ' .'<
'ftt^OT ,^riri^
wir; ^vhcnltr >vp?id^^^^
mah: who ya* :TtMy ^^.C?mer'^an
would inbtlrictl^e?y niake-'It' his' disty'
pnd" p?-:M?M\?b' k??pTtho :'ac???S';?ft?,-:.--'>:.
|*P^pM>^?'. hnd prbVo himself ? .
^.'.^^..,, ^ - ^_