Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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HIST! Below are Reproduced the 1 -r (By Loni!? Shearer.) Shrine la a word not very generally used in everyday life in connection with history. A shrine is a place or \ abject hallowed from its history and association. A historical shrine is.-a place or object hallowed from its history and association. . The northwestern section of this State was the home of the Cherokee Indians until lste in the eighteenth century. About 1778 General Andrew Plckens obtained lt from the Indians by the "Treaty of Hopewell." This section was made a part of the dis trict of Ninety Six. This new region Just opened up attracted settlers not only from the other sections of this State, but also from Virginia and North Carolina. On account bf tht> increase in population, and the in convenience of the courts, this dis trict wac divided, and the upper part waa called Washington district, with its county seat at Plckensvllle. In J789 Washington district was divided into two parts, the upper part was called Pendleton ' district, of which Pendleton was the county seat. In 1826, the legislature created Ander son and Plckens Judicial districts out of old Pendleton. It was then that the county seat of the proposed city tsf Anderson was selected. A year or two later the name ot county was substituted for district In the early history of this county Bock Mdlls was a thriving little village. At this plsce Maverick and Lewi's op erated a very large merchant mill, and besides this mill there were a aaw mill, shoe shop, spindle factory and wagon factory located there. Plows were made from steel which had already been manufactured for that purpose. Centervllle was located about Ave or sis miles west of Anderson by Mr. Elias Barte for manufacturing pur poses. Guna were made here under ! contract of the United States govern - ment by Mr. Earle for the war ef 1812. Vc~" large machinery waa used in thv factory. The Iron used was mined in this Beetloo, and the blast furnace waa built, oh tHe banks of iSenoca river. Tho ruina of this furnace are now. covered ?by the 'backwaters of Portman dam. . AnderBonville waSjJovatedj at the" Junction of the Tugaloo abd; Seneca rivers. A woolen,, cotton, flour, and corn mills, were established j rind op erated here. Also a gup factory ' r ir: Ure purpose of making arms-for-the* war of 1812. There was a? tanyard aad shoe ahop, ead an old saab Baw mill which' sawed the lutahef for all' the handsome residence ot this sec tion during tile early days. General Frank Harrison, after the war, op erated the ' woolen, cotton, nour 'anti corn mills for a number of years. Also a tanyard, shoe shop, o nd blacksmith shop. The cotton mill manufactured each day three hun dred pounds of seed cotton Into yarn. Anderson vii le, named In honor of General Anderson, was at one time a 'thriving little village, and would, most likely. If the power of steam had been discovered about 60 years later than' whee it? waa, have been now larger than the city of Anderson, for lt was once thought that they would connect the Tennessee and Tugaloo rivers with a canal. Pendleton, situated about 13 miles northwest of Anderson, waa the county aeaf of old Pendleton district. The old court house, which ia situat ed on the. public square, in the center of the town ls still in good repair, and at present the lower floor is be ing used for the postofnee and the upper story- for a society hall. There. ' waa a large hotel located-here, which < waa later destroyed by fire. Pendle ton waa for a long time.-the center . of wesith and culture, of the upper ' section of this State, in later years '<. many famous stock farms were locat M .o-- ed--In and around 'Pendleton: The ? Pendleton Manufacturing companv. situated on Twenty Three Mlle cr?ekT was located so far away from pendleton, that when it became nec essary to establish a freight depot sud postoffice there lt waa called Antun. This ls ona of the old manu facturing placea that baa lived to the present time and la still pro - gressing. Among several more smaller places to be mentioned bete ls Stoneville, which waa on the general's road to Augusta, and was settled by the Thompsons. Near here was an, old Indian'grava yard ia wtVch an Indian governor waa buried, and which the. . Indians cleaned off once a year for several years after this region bo came the home of white people. At; High Shoal? was located McFalls" mill which wa? .the only mill lt waa possible to operate In 1846. or the dry year, also the first . electric power plant built to supply the city of An derson with electric energy was lo . ca*?d here; Dut this was later moved to Portman, OB Uta Seneca, river. . ?here a large dam was built and electric energy waa sold to the city ot Anderson air ceTamerctai purposes also. At the completion of thia en terprise thiav waa Ute ?ongeat trans mission power plant in the world. Var?anos, Evergreen and Cray ton ville were, ip the days gone by. ll ttl* trading places with a few stores, and dwelling*, and sometimes a church and school <*ouse. in ISSI Mr West A Williams, who at that time vced caret af the land tn the proser , town of Wllllanaatoa, discovered the value of the WilUaatatoa mineral spring, whick waa ear his land, und because the town was named in his honor, and on accour.t of the medicinal value of .the water from the s&VJng. he deeded the spring to the town for the public e. and a faw acree of land sor ron?dtea> the sering tor a nark or Estay*, Written by Two M snobers of public recreation ground, all to .be, free (or public use. The first .manual labor school waa founded by R?v?rend John L. Ken nedy about 1830. This school waa about five miles east of Pendleton. The school waa noted for the high classical attainments of- ita students, but did not last long because there was an epidemic of typhoid fever, and the boya could not stand to work in the hot sun. A few years after this, Mr. Kennedy established Thailen academy In the Slabtown Beetloo. About 76 to 100 boarding students from all over this State and other States attended thls'school. In about 1827 the Pendleton Female academy waa established in tho town of Pen dleton. The Wllllamston Female college waa established, in 1872 at Williams ton. At this time there was also a male academy in Wiltlmston. The first school'In the preseut city of Anderson was located on the cor ner of Towers and West Market streets.. It was built in 1831 and at tended by boys and girls. In 1824 the school waa moved to West Whitner street near the ' First 'Presbyterian Church Into a two story brick build ing. Later this school waa divided, thia Whitner; street building being used for the '.girls school, and, was. called the Presbyterian Female schon]. The boys'school was Ideated ' on the lot south of the Methodist church at the corner of River and tfpUttr .MrDuffle streets. . Johnson's {female seminary waa'opened in 1847 iflth Prot J. Scott Murray and Miss Mary Daniels as members of the faculty. The seminary was located un the lot now occupied by the par sonage of the First Baptist church. A few years later it became a uni versity and was moved into a hand some building on University Hill. The university soon became famous, and had about 200 students at the begin ning of thc War Between the States. The university did not reopen after the Civil War, but about 1870 Prof. W. J. I.lgon, who spent his life time teaching in this community, taught a private school In the same building. The Carolina Collegiate Institute opened up in the university building, shortly after'the:civil war. This was a high class college, having special 'departments In music; art,' etc., and was attended by about 300 stu dents who came from all parts of the ?State. General Ayer's school was located on South McDufllo street be 4ween Church aad Market streets. This school' Was opened in 18S1 and continued to 1887. This was a first class college* but lasted only a few years. In 1S86 Colonel Jno. B. Pat rick established the Patrick Military Institute which waa a private school/ lt waa attended by - a large num ber of students. This being a private school it was discon tinued shortly after the death of Col. Jno. B. Patrick. This was Cte last school to use the old univer sity building. When, almost at the c'o.se of the civil wa:, lt became nee- , ry to move the Confederate . .asury, it was moved to Anderson ?nd located in thia same building; but soon after it was moved, a com pany of raiders came here In search of Jefferson Davis, and the Confed erate gold. The gold was secreted, but the reidera scattered the paper and bills everywhere, and threw tho lithographic stones Into an old welt on the university-lot. About 20 yea>rs later, while this well was being cleaned out, pieces of these stones were .recovered, and some few may be found-In the homes of this com munity. While the -raiders were scat tering the bills, a good many, people thinking they would be worth, some-, thing picked up the bills, among them -was an old colored man,- who was determined that they should be worth something to .'bim, so he papered a room with them. During the recon structlon period following the civil war, and-the State was under military rule a garrison was stationed in thia city with headquarters at the univer sity building. Among tho famous . Presbyterian churches of the county Is Roberts church, situated in the western part of this county. It was organised about ,1789 and Is stitt in existence. This church waa nt one time the cen ter of wealth and culture of the coun ty. Midway and Varennee were two other noted old Presbyterian church es. The Sandy Springs Presbyterian church waa located at the end of tho railroad cut at Sandy Springs, . This church if now celled Mt: ?ton andMs situated about one-half mlle weat of the town. The First Presbyterian ehurca of this city was organised about 1830 on tho present alte whare lt now Btands: This eh ure h has very rapid growth and a few years sgp tte rae*}**? idlvlded and a part ot tho membership established the Central Presbyterian church ot this city, and now they have here two prosperous churches. Ebenezer, now Ssndy Spring* Methodist church, organised about 1800, was noted tor their great camp meetings. . Providence, situat ed tai'tao western pail df the county, was also noted for its camp meet ings. St John's Methodist church of thia etty was located at the end of West Benson street before 1840, when lt waa moved to Itt jtraaeat sltd, and is now one of the progressive church es, and baa ene of the handsomest buildings in tua State. Big Creek, located about one mlle east ot WU* i langston, organised about 7.788, and Shiloh, located about 13 or 14 miles soatkwost ot Anderson, organised Shout the same time were two ot the oldest Baptist churches In the county. The First Baptist church M Ibis1 etty wa? organised about 1S21 near the pres ent site of the Orr cotton mill?, and was moved to its present location in / This Year's Graduating Class of 1 Article From a Member of the H 1833. Th I H church has grown to be tho largest and Btrongest church in the county. Several years ago a memorial asso- ! elation was formed in this city to erect a monument to the brave fal- \ len Confederate soldiers of this coun- ! ty. Miss Leonora Hubbard was the J president of this organisation. Through the untiring efforts of the 1 president, and the members of this c association the monument which now [ stands on the Plaza, was placed there i '. a few years ago by this association. Old Reformer, which should now be beside the monument, instead of be- 4 lug in a closet at the city hall, has . several legends about it of which tho ' following is one:. The Howard batt Iel- 1 ion sent a letter to the governor of ( the State In 1814 demanding a can- J non, to bo used In the yearly"en-T tampmeut on the general muster ' ground. With this they BIBO included ! powder and balls and made a special request for three gallons of rum. 1 They Bent Luke Hanks after the can- ( non, who picked out "Old Reformer," ? or just happened to get that one. OIA Reformer probably belonged' to the j EvgUab. during, the Revolution, a- ! was one of the finest guns of its day. It is not known exactly what part' lt had iii the War Between the States, j but qbc thing for which this cannon j aigou?? tte treasured is the important part it played in the Hampton cam- , palgnt j About 1828 the Pendleton Termer's t society was organized. It is the old- : est society of its kind in the United ? otates, still existing, except the one , In Philadelphia, organized one or two ( years before this. The old Pendleton county or district court house ls now being used for the meeting place for this society, the ground floor of which io being used for the Pendleton post ojce. The town of Pendleton has one of the old fashion city clocks in tho shape of a sun dial which is placed on the public square In front of the . postofflce. John - Miller published In Pendleton in the early part ot the nineteenth centry, "Miller's Weekly Messenger.' In 1806 the name was changed to "Pendleton Messenger." In which paper all of Calhoun's speeches.'were printed. The general. muster ground waa lo cated about one und one-half- miles south of the city rot Anderson. The men and larger boya would camp here for one week every year and learn to drill and fight. This :waB ian Important factor lb - military disci pline for the State before military schools were organized. Hatton 's ford, op the Tugaloo river was noted as a dueling ground where the famous duel between Perry and Bynum was- fought. The prosperity and glory of mont of these little places have, departed long ago. In some places there is nothing to mark the spot of a former busy little town, in others, there is' perhaps a church, or some other old building that identifies, the place. Steam has wrought a great chango in the destiny of this county. Anderson county has furnlshel great and good men In every position of life. She was the home of Judge J. V. Whitner, and James L. Orr, who were members of the secession c ventlon. General Barnard E. Bee, who gave Jackson the name of "Stonewall" lived In this county, and hla remains are now resting in the Episcopal cemetery at Pendleton. Rev. S. Lander, T. J. Bell, D. B. Frier* son ' and David Humphreys were prominent ministers of the county. Gol. - J, W. Norris, 8. Bleckley, G. P. Toity. A. C. La timer, Col. J. E. B. Sloan,'and Col. J. N. Brown, who. lo stilt living, were prominent in other 'business and - professional, services, that helped greatly to place Ander son.county where she now stands ' At the fop of this' list ot great abd good men stand- the barnes of - Generals Robert Anderson and Andrew Pick ens, for whom the counties bf Ander son* and Plckens were named. There are many others who have helped to build our shrines, great and good men whose names sre honored fdr the valiant services rendered to - our county. State and nation. Anderson county is today one of the most promising counties ot the Stale. lt ls. altuaied In a very fertile section of the Piedmont belt. The county has several railroads and electric lines through lt which gives the bes? of 'services. The county nest has modern public utilities, such' aa wat er, :' electric lights, street cars, gas, sewer system, and electric energy for sale tor commercial purposes. The ether moro important towns Of Ute county have some of thes.- public utilities. The hanks, cotton mills and other industries, and its news papers, show that this is e commer cial aa well as an agricultural coun ty. The many buildings that have lust been erected, and those that Are belog b?r?U, ?ow mark tho ever In crear'.ag growth and development of our- ' county. The churches and nehools are keeping pace with the development of the county. The comity homo and the hospital and b?n?ficient institutions that stand as a monument to the charity of our peo ple, and a blessing to suffering hu manity. The public library, opera house aol Anderson college mark new era tn higher education. But let us reieember that all of thia waa accomplished auder great trials and difficulties. Let the Uves and char acters of the men who founded Oar institutions and spent their lives la boring to improve and perfect them, inspire ?tc to achieve greater things for our county; so that the prosper ine glory', and the honor of our shall not wane while lt ls tn our hands. , ' > OF A lie Anderson High School, Whit S ?gil School Graduating Chm on S (By Carrie Moore.) A great many historical events lave taken place to make up Uie liia ory of Anderson county. Each bas ' i separate ann individual history af, ta own, and tn relating them lt is lard to consider one as being moro mportant than another. But taking hem in the nature of a whole, there ire many places, characters, and me? uorlals, which because of history ? ind ausociatlons, are very interesting o the students of the. present time, i A railroad. engineer once said that ivery, railroad track follows the path >f an Indian trail. Whether this is rue in erery particular case or not it a a tact known tp historians of An-1 lesson, county that the route now narked by the Blue Ridge railway rack waa onoe an Indian trail that j 'an from Keowee to Charleston. It K veli known that a number of the pub lic highways, in the county, also vere once paths, traveled by the lil lians. Tho Wilson ferry road, three niles east of Anderson court bouse, vas one that ran across ' the centur if the county, from a'point on the Ba nda river to tho Savannah. Another s followed by the "Old Trail" road, '.tiich runs across the eastern corner >f the county. It wan part of tho Indian trail which led from Alabamt. o Virginia. Other things* remind us ot the orig nal inhabitants of this country bl ore the white man took possession. Vrr'ow beads found In old Acids and tlOng creek banks, graves which arc aid to be those of Indians, and the words "Saluda, Cherokee, Savannah. Senerostec, and Seneca," which will tlways stand as monuments to their nemory. 'It was aome time before the Revo utionary war when thc first venture some pioneers began coming into thia iiart of South Carolina. The l'.nn to settle ID what ls now Anderson conn ;y, was a family by the name o' 'Smith." They built their home near what is now Honea Path, or Broad mouth th er1. .Soon afterwards, the 'ndians massacred the wholo family except one i tittle boy who escaped to Ninety Six. Troops were stationed it Ninety Six and they came to wreak vengeance on the savages and drove them far back Into the mountains. Fbe troops-also visited the ruined borne, ahdmwhlle there gathered up the bodies af the murdered ones amt tiuried theos, nearby. Among .those who were able to hold'theh-mwo. ln-the new country, In spite of?-dangers and difficulties, were Samu?l, Ellab and William Moore, three brothel's who cam?? down from* Virginia and settled on lt ocky liven; near High Shoals. Sam uel and Ellab became officers in thc patriot army in the Revolution, and if tor the war Ellab, was the first sen ator inithe'.State- senate, from Pen dleton district Near the home of thc Monro's also resided a family by tho name of "Smith" and one of th hi family. Mrs.-Smith was one of South Carolina's Revolutionary war hero ines.' She rode horseback alone from her home, through the wild forests, a distance of 70 miles, to where Col. Moore was encamped with a regiment nf troops on Saluda river, near Ninety Six, to carry him clothing, food and news from home. ' The first thing that the early set tlers of the county did, was to secure possession of the land. The year 1778, General Andrew Plckens, a na tive of Ninety Six district, made a treaty with the Indians, by ?hieb tho north western part of the State, which Is now Plckens, Anderson ' and Oco neo counties was ceded to the..white settlert, which was, in the same year mado Ninety Six district, by an act bf the legislature of Ute State. . In 1785 Ninety Six district was di vided sod the portion which is now In cluded In Anderson county, waa plac ed In Washington district. And four yearn later, Washington district "waa divided and Anderson connty became a part or Pendleton district In 182G Pendleton district Was divided into two d!*trlcts, ono of which became Anderson connty with its present boundaries. When Pendleton district was first established, Pendleton was made the county seat. At that time it was the most important town In tiper South Carolina. The \ wealthiest, most re fined, and cultured people lived there and it was a religioiju und .trade cen ter. It was tho home ol' John C. Cal houn, Langdon CheVes, Barnard E. Bee, David Hamilton, Wm. H. Tres cott. Plckens and Anderson. * iiany people from Charleston and-the low country made lt a summer resort, where they spent much time during each year. Ono of the first newspa pers in the State, waa printed -at Pen dleton, one of the agricultural maga sines published In the South, was there, sud one' ot the first cotton mills to be esathlished, In Ute South. Was there. One of the first female high schoois v. aa at Pendleton? a? was on? of the first military acade mies, where the boys wore uniforms and drilled dally. The oldest Epis copal church in the country . ls at Pendleton, and In whose cemetery reata the remains of the Confederate general, Barnard E. Bee, who gave General Thomas J. Jackson Uie name of "Stonewall." at the first battle of Mane ssas, aa also those ot William fl. Tres cou, who wrote the inscrip tion on the Confederate monument which stand? tn the State house grounds in Columbia. One of Pendleton's oldest and moat venerable buildings is old agricultur al hall, ft wan erected In the same rear that Anderson County was form ed, by the Ute "Farmer* socteiy" ertlich, wo s organised In 1815. An In [creating relic ot this ball is a weath er worn sun dint rrhich was donated NDERSi Tied for the Gold Medal Offered J une Local Historical Subject. by Frances K. Huger. The cent?n-H nial of this society is to be held this ' year. It was the Hist to be organized ' In the South, and the second in the 1 United States. Through it the people ' learned of the best farming methods and implements, and how to prepare < the soil. so. as to make the largest 1 yield. At a meeting of tho soo? tr in ' 186G Thomas C. Clemson read r pi- I per that ultimately resulted in the es- ' tablfahment of clemson college. In i all probability the influence of this i society led to the . tabllshment of < Orange HUIIB in all parts of the coun- < ty where the farmers met for the pur- < pose of fostering the agricultural in- 1 terests of their respective localities. 11 There wcro several early villages ? In Uie county that wer" importan* ' manufacturing centers. i Old Hock Mills, situated on Goner- ! oaten? creek, wan at one time a thrlv- < lng little village. The largest wheat and corn mill in tho county was op- < eratcd there. There was also a largo ' merchant saw mill, a spindle factory ! and a distillery, several wagon muk- i ers. Bhoo makers and retail mer- < chants. People' for miles around, < went there to have their wheat and corn ground, and some from a groat- < cr distance would have to camp for i several days! j Heaterville, Rix rnlleB northwest ot Anderson on Six and Twenty creek, was a small manufacturing center. A i gun factory was early established ' there, and also a factory for making l men's hats. During the War of 1812 an iron foundry was moved to Con- i tervlllo from Hl?th Shoals whero lt < had previously been for several years. At ShIHftV's mill, on Little river I M.ar tho Abbeville county line there wm another iron foundry, which tit .- ' * PI" did a flourishing business, i There were two mills and a forge at Old Anderson ville, lt was located on I Savsnnah river near the junction of i Sene.-a und Tugaloo rivers and was i la'd out by' General Robert Anderson during the Revolutionary war for commercial purposes. A factory for the manufacture of small fire arms was also located there. A town dear to the hearts of many ls Wlillamston. Because of Its min eral spring of pure and healing wat-' or, lt has Jong been a health and sum mer resort. It was also a center of intellectual activity for some years. Lander college, which is now nt Greenwood, originally begun lhere, under the direction of its founder, Dr. Lander,'one of the most successful of our educators. The pioneer settles*. In the county, chose places of worship, In the early beginning of tholr settlement. There is record o? organizations of all th? Protestant denominations. On the eastern side of tho county, not far from Saluda river, and about a mlle southeast of Wlillamston. stands Big Creek Baptist church whose history dates back to the year 1788. It is called the "Mother" of churches, because from it brauche.! out, directly or indirectly, all the other Baptist churches in the eastern part of the county. Rev. Moses Hol land, a native of Virginia, ana a sol dier of the Revolution was Instru mental in the founding of Big Creek. He was a noted preacher and a num ber pf tho Baptlat churches of Ander son county owe their existence to hts - untiring efforts. Ills remains lie bur led In the Big Creek church cemetery, which is the largest In the county, and a magnificent monument marks his grave. For a long- time, after its establishment, Big ' Creek' had a church court for disciplining ita members. The-ladies were tried (or goaslifng and tattling, and. the men Xor unfair, horse swapping, selling , their farm products above the usual price, and various other offenses. ..' The first cburcnyto ga j out; frobr Big Creek was 'Neal's Creek-church, which was organised In the year 1800. and which ls situated six miles east of Anderson. For the first three years* the congregation did not have a build ing, bitt worshipped down on tho creek, under a largo poplar tree. Neal's Creek church has long bi t called the "Mother" of preachers, because so many of its members be came ministers of the Gospel. Among those who have gone ont from lt are Reverends Sanford Vandlver, John Vandlver, William McGee, M. McGee, Robert King and Amatlah Rice. Two miles east of Neal's Creek Is the place where stood "Old Broad way," a Presbyterian chm ch. first known on record of the Presbytery In 1788. Information concerning this church ia very meagre. Early mem bers were Tellfords, Alexanders, and Irsklnes. The Kongregation trans ferred to Belton, It ls thought, about I860.' The cemetery which was used aa a burying ?round for the early members of the church, and located near where the church was, ls stilt there. t . n Nine or ten miles southeast of An derson, near Emerson's bridge on Rocky river, stands Ebenezer/ the oldest Methodist church In the coun ty. It was founded sometime tn the latter years of the seventeen hun dreds. The first Sunday school ever conducted in the county, waa there. It waa something novel for that time .nd waa attended by people of alt de nominations. Besides being taught the Sunday school lesson those who were unab.n to, were taught how to read. The church cemetery, tn which repose the remains of. many genera tions, is ?aid to be thc best kept cem etery ht the county. 'Ebeneser schcol has been established almost as long as tho church. Throughout ita hie lt hsa been an excellent oae of standing, and many prominent and teachers, ?.ave gone out from it. Unique la the religious history of Anderson county is that there waa a ON COI Lach Year by Robert E. Lee Chap) junker church which was located lbout two uitlep from Ebeneser. The graveyard is still there, in which lome of the members of the old Ihurch quietly feat. On the .western side of tho county an Savannah river, was another Baptist church. Shockley's Ferry, which was organised about tho same time as was Sig Creek. It was the 'Mother" of all the Baptist churches on that side of the county and of onie across thc river in Georgia. In th.- county those directly branched out from ft are Mountain Creek, Sat urn Cross Roads, and Mt. Tabor, now First Baptist church of Anderson. Prominent among the carly lenders of tb"se chumbea were Reverends "oop.jr Bennett, James Burrlas, Bry nn Burris*. Sanford Vandlver, Moses Holland, Jacob Burrlas, and James Crowther.. Shockley's Ferry, after it had sent out so many churches, waa brdken | up by the subject of missions, and a row years later reorganized under the name of Bib Generostee. A remarkable coincidence is told of this church. OTK Saturday when the members be came almost equally divided on a certain subject, they argued until they were almost ready to fight, and left tho ohurch late in the afternoon vowing vengeance on each other. When they returned next morning for services, they found the house bad "literally split open"-the roof had j rall? :: in. They looked upon this as a| wa rn lug from God and tho fulfilment of the,Scripture which says, "a house illvlded against Itself shall not Bland." Their quarrel wss quickly forgotten and the church repaired. In this part of the county was es tablished In 1789 two Presbyterian r burches. Roberts church on the rosd from AndorsonvlUe to Anderson court house, and Goop Hope, on Little Gen erostee creek. Reverend John Simp son, a native of New Jersey and a rr rad u atc of Princeton, organized these churches and became their pas tor. II? occasionally supplied old Stone church, and that congregation - '?th Carmel once called him to bo their pastor, but he declined thc invi t?t lot and served'Good Hope and koberts until his death. He is burled at Roberts and a monument -with sn inscription marka his grave. Rev. David Humphreys ' was for a long time another beloved pastor of these, two churches. MP th rt oHUplaaeoof tvorehip ls-the Generosteo A. R. P. church on Lit tle Generostee- cro?k.**1 Which WAS found..d in 1790 by Scotch Irish de scendants. Rev. .itoboxt .Irwin, the first pastor, organized the church and gavo a large 'tract of land for its lo cation. The church, still .owns, and la located upon this property, but has been rebuilt more than once. AB soon os conditions would allow, people tutned their attention to high er' education. Several * academics were established In the county. Thomas D. Baird established and conducted old Varennes academy on the ?Jenoral's road, about a mlle west of High Shoals. The date of its es tablishment ls not known, but lt waa there when Varennes church was built in 1814. Somo of tho students of this school were Maj. Thompson, Col. Norriss, Col. Ellab Mooro, Jr.. and Dr. O. R. Broyles. . Several miles.east of Belton, where Shady Grove now stands, was the location of Calhoun academy which was conducted by Wesley Leverett Ono of. the students waa Joe Brown, "War Governor of Georgia," and one of South's few multlmlllionires of his timo. A- little, story told of him in connection with this school Illus trates , bow earnestly ho worked for an education. He drove a pair of steere from his mountain homo in northeast Georgia, ono hundred' or moro- miles away, lo the school, and. after he reached there, traded them for eight months board and worked for lils, tuition. Not many miles east of Pendleton, in tho Slabtown section, was Thalian academy, perhaps the? most noted classical school. It was established In' 1840 by John L. Kennedy and un der whose leadership it thrived. Boys from all parts of the State and even from other States, went there. Among some of the prominent cutset* of An* derson county who attended were Dr. Johnson, Dr. Earle, Maj. Mc Cown, Monroe Smith, T. H. Russell, D. 'IC. Hamilton, D. H. Russell, MsJ. D. U. Sloan and James L. Orr. In the early days every man be longed to the militia, and bad to go to certain muster grounds at certain times, to drill. There were a num ber of these grounds over the ''county. One was at Mayfield about three miles east,of Neala Creek, where the bat talion met first Saturday In every May. A general muster ground waa In the neighborhood of Old Varen nes, at Haynle'a old field, where the regiments mustered once every year In August. Tho general muster was' one In which everybody In the sur rounding country took a lively in terest. The day was made a .social occasion. If was customary for thc governor to be.pr??cut, and to seo the'governor was an opportunity not to be missed. Another attraction was the firing of the cwuon. The cannon used there is nev." a much treasured rv ile In Anderson. Those Musters were discontinued about the middle ot Ute mat century. When Anderson county waa estab lished in lS?#r the .alte of Anderson, with IL? beautiful location and ideal conditions for health and drainage, waa selected tts.the place to build the county seat Those who laid out the etty were Jatfien Harrison, R. B. Nor ias. J. CL Griffin, M." Gambreil and William Sherard. Tho first court house was built at the present loca tion, and the first court held In it in ter, U. D. C. for the' Beet 1828. Fi om that time all Commercial and trade contera all over the coun ty were gradually moved to Ander son; many hornea, wea? built, and churches and schools were establish ed. Among the most pleasantly remem bered places of old Anderson la John son's Female seminary which was lo cated where the ' Da?tlat ;paroonage now ls. Dr. William B. Johnson waa the founder' and president. At one time about 200 girls attended this school which did much for the ad vancement of education until broken up by the War Between the States. Dr. Johnson n"d one of the teachers. Mrs. Mary Dan.'els are both bur i vd lu the Baptist church cemetery. I'M Andersen county are still to be seen many of the old ante-bellum houses. Near them and wher- others have been, almost without exception, ls to be found the family burying ground. Most of the graves are mark ed but some of the inscriptions are so old that they are barely legible. Many of these burying grounds are especially sacred to the memory be cause of the Revolutionary heroes and heroines burled in them. Annie Kennedy's grave ls in the Hamilton burying ground near, Pendleton. During the War Between the States Anderson county did not suffer ss much as some localities, ss lt was not tlie scene pt any . battles. But her, men went to the front and were among the "bravest .pt the brave." Col. Orr's RIJHe regiment, a part of McGowan's brigade, was made up largely of Anderson county volun teers. Other companies did gallant service under General M. L. Bonham, General Ripley, and General Ker shaw. Many who ched their blood, lost their lives, or fought In thu war, are buried In our graveyards and cemeteries. Their graves are marked by crosses of honor and, on the day set apart to their memory, floral trib utes are . reverently placed upon them. Following- the war, sn event of far . reaching effect In the history of South Carolina, was the "movement of *76." This movement started in Anderson ininti- in a small school house at T,tck-8kltlet. a few miles northeast of the city' of Anderson. Some of the citizens of that community met there one ni.?ht and adopted resolutions, to ? nut ont .a ','Stralght-out.. Democratic Ticket." These resolutions were drawn up by-Maj. John B. Moore, and sent to all parts of the State, and vory" enthusiastically adopted. Tba result waa that the Democrats were victorious, under, the leadership af Wade Hampton, and white supremacy was restored to the 8tate. Anderson county ls now in the full vigor of her youth, and tba future looks bright and promising, but to understand the present it is necessary to know the past We could not ap preciate our thriving towns . and .crowing- elly, '.ante churches, and* splendid schools, If we did not know with what hardships and trials they had developed from the mean hut ot the pioneer In the forest, the log church, and tho old-field school house. The early settlers of this county were not seeking gold and ease, but came here with the intention of making a home for themselves. And. for. the mighty deeds they did In laying the foundations that have developed un lit, today. Anderson county is '^nwn as the "Banner county" ot South Carolina, may their names ever be kept Ut grateful memory, and the. places with which they were associat ed held in love and reverence. Pictorial Histor* pi ?istig', Fe?t la mfa . ?Jaas, r -, After months ot work a. complete pictorial history of fife I* tribe baa been worked out by the Blackfeet Indians In the Glacier National Parg Reserva tion in Montana. The story, covers approximately a half mlle ot canvas on which the curious drawing have been executed with hundreds of pounds of brlgh.t-colored pains from mineral ma terials taken from a nearby moun tain. - "The history," says an Illustrated article In the June Popular Mechanics Magazine, "deals at length ?Ith the time when the tribe was powerful and ranged the country north of the Mis souri river to the Saskatchewan along tho slopes of the Rocky mountain?'. Some of the incidents whlrh are por trayed are said to have beep taken from elk-skin records painted more than 300 years ago. Two hundred and fifty sections make up thea complete cap vas, which la to be used ?4 a frieze in some of the large log hotels which have been erected for toulists in the national park. These stand jo1 i the site of part df the former hunting grounds of the tribe." The <<FJBI" of a Sablearlas Torpedo Boat. > Them are few persons ootade ot Ute navy who have ever seen a submarine's "fins" In action. The modem submer sible craft built for the Uniter? States navy are all' provided with these lat eral rudder?, but when the vessels are at the surface or moving In a level plane under water, the fins are folded back Into recesses m the shies of the U??S, The purpose ot these planen, which are shown clearly in a remarkable photograph published In the June Pop ular Mechanics Magazine. Is to aid the submarine to rise or sink, on an even keel. "Porpoising" or rising and div ing at an angle ls avoided in submarine prsetice as much as possible. The lateral flus re attached tc the hull by ball-and-socket joints, .<.? they may be i<otat*d to gi* effect either upward or downward, at any angle, and folded away wheo not.