r ■ , Tni#~-~ > *2iUUmt**M>** ■
DEVOTED TO SOI THEM RIGHTS, MORALITY, AGRIctfLTURE. LITERATURE, AND MISCELLANEOUS NEWS'
iBB-JO- -n-Jjrff • . j ML.r^'rgw—rn. --- - ^ r^r-r-, ^r -
JAMES H. NORWOOD, EDITOR.]
VOL.
To thine otrnsef be true; And it must follow as the night the dap; Thou const not then be false to any man.—Hamlet.
DARLINGTON C. H., S. C., WEDNESDAY MORNING JUNE 11, 1851.
[JOHN F. DE LORME, PROPRIETOR.
NO. 15.
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POLITICAL.
and prosperity. We will proclaim
free trade with all the world. This will
give us intercourse and union with the
other Southern States, and will give to
those States union among themselves.
The power of laying duties on imports
conceded by the Constitution to Con
gress, was a fatal concession on the
part of the South. By the exercise of
this power they have Wen taxed to en
rich the North; their commerce has
been diverted from its natural course
to swell the prosperity of Northern
cities, and they themselves have been
practically colonized to a hostile and
aggressive section.
The two great articles now in the
way of the union of the South, are,
1st, the venality and ambition of her
politicians, loifciug to the General
Government for patronage or distinc
tion ; and 2, the commercial influence
of the North, penetrating everywhere,
and everywhere sowing dread and sus
picion and discord. Free trade in
South Carolina will go far to break up
the commercial and political thraldom
of the South. It will give us at once,
liberty’, union and peace. It will build
up our cities ; it will replace commerce
in its natural channels; it will give the
South the profits of her own industry,
and it will quell the aggressions of ab
olition. but to get free trade we must
secede from the Union.—Charleston
Mercury.
SECESSION, A CLOSER UNION OF THE
SOUTH, OR A SOUTHERN
CONFRDERCY.
this position. It is one in advance, We have argued that free trade in
however, and necessarily places her South Carolina, by secession, must ne-
Bomewhat apart from her sister States, cessarily bring about a close connex-
But it creates no antagonism between ion between her and the other South-
them, ami we do not believe that any ern States, and between the latter with
such antagonism is seriously recognized each other. There is anqgjjer interest
anywhere at the South. There is no still more powerful than commerce,
hatred betwecen them and us; and the which will tend to produce the same
greater piyt we hear of hostilities results,—the interest of slavery
in the hearts of the Southern
people towards South Carolina, is lit-
th> more than the fancies of politicians,
anxious to discoveBWmisihle reasons
s to t
SOUTH CAROLINA AND THE SOUTH.
It is urged that South Carolina is al
ready isolated by the arts of our ene
mies, and that we ought not to make
this sepnranon more complete, by as
suming an independent existence. We
do not admit that South Carolina has
been isolated by the arts of her ene
mies. She is certainly beyond her sis
ter States of the South in the perfect
appreciation of those political truths
on which the great sectional questions
hinge. The circumstances in which
she has been placed, and not any su
periority of her people, have given her ;
It is one in advance, |
When the act of secession is com
plete, Soutli Carolina will ho towards
the other States a foreign nation, with
no other bonds or duties than such as
the laws of nations, or her own vol
untary concession, may create. By
voluntary concession, she will open her
ports and borders to a free trade w ith
the whole South, hut the new relations
that exist by her secession, w ith res
pect to slavery, will render necessary
‘ 1-
It is well known that without a stip
ulation in the Constitution for the sur
render of fugitive slaves, the Southern
States would not have entered into the
Union. They deemed it vital for the
security and prosperity of slavery it
self. And they even now declare that
they will dissolve their union with the
North, if the fugitive law shall be an
nulled. Some may doubt whether the
surrender of the comparatively few
slaves who escape into the Northern
States is a matter that concerns the se
curity of the institution of slavery, and
therefore the breach of that obligation
will justify a dissolution of the Union.
But in the heart of the South, it is
clear that a mutual recapture and sur
render of fugitive slaves must lie the
law of these States, or the value of that
whole vast interest will be greatly im
paired, and its stability endangered.—
The alternative which will then Ik* pre
sented to the choice of the Southern
States wid be this—a union with the
North, under conditions in the higliest
degree dangerous to the institution of
slavery, and those conditions fixed upon
them by the declared hostility of the
North,—ora union with South Caro
lina, which would at onee remote the
danger. We have not a doubt or a
fear of the result The Southern States
will either force their Nortlierdf asso
ciates to consent to • treaty which
will place their relations w ith South
Carolina on the same footing as at
present, or they will break from the ex
isting Union and set up a Southern
Confederacy. The latter result is by
far the most probable; but happen
whichever of them may, where is the
separation of South Carolina from the
South ? Where is the disunion of the
American slaveholders ?—Charleston
Mercury.
AGRICULTURi
How blest the farmer’s simple life.
How pure the joy it yields!
Far from the world’s tempestuous strife.
Free ’mid the scented fields.—Everett.
would generably be desirable, if but
the two furrows were used, to have
some plow which would throw and lap
the dirt in the middle of the row, so
that all vegetation there might be cov
ered and killed, and at the same time
tumble a little earth about the roots of
thm young cotton. If there should
[by request.]
THE flAIM OF PHYSlflANS
To compensation for services rendered
in Mediro~Legal Examinations
It seems scarcely credible, that in the Hi! a * w . i,h 0, . hpr . b1
r.Lv— ...1.:.... t: " i Ome * money, and as he is
But w» contend that the physician
should not only be liberally remunerated
for bis examination, but that he should be
adequately compensated for the evidence
subsequently delivered in Court. With
business men,
State of South Carolina, which is noted
for the liberality of her acts and for her
u.w juuug •• •arox, .» i • i emiy me rase m ernes, nave in aiienuance
have been heavy rains alter planting, ^ t J y 0M Court, wait),qi Ins turn to be inter-
rBBuirrd to
spend hours, perhaps, as is not unfrequ-
ently the rase in cities, davs in attendance
and the bed had become close and hard,
some plow should he used which would
soften and stir the eartli about the roots
of the young plant. It is a very com
mon practice, and one which has at
least the merit of making easy work
and covering the grass in the middles,
to run a turning plow with th .* bar next
the cotton. This looks very prettv,
but we have many doubts 1 vhether it
has not the rare merit of cleansing
without working the crop. We can
not well imagine any good done to the
plant or any encouragement to the
young roots, for striking out for a very
vigorous growth, while left to stand
upon a ridg^ about four or six inches
tem examinations when summoned by the
Coroner, without receiving the slightest
compensation for his services. This is so
flagrant an art of justice, so grievous a
wrong, done the profession, as to demand
the serious consideration, and incite them
to strenuous exertions to effect a recogni
tion of their rights. When it is remem
bered that the medical man expends hun-
make poat mor- j t ^ | lut r j R ht that he should no
tuliy paid. Add to this, the annoyance to
which he is occasionally subjected by un
scrupulous lawyers, and he certainly has
sufficient cause for complaint. In order
to show to what great inconvenience phy
sicians are subjected by being required in
these cases to attend Court, we have the
statement of Dr. James Webster. Profes
sor of Anatomy in Geneva College, New-
York, in his introductory address to the
sp<
dreds, perhaps thousands of dollars, that lorK> m nlK „
he tons year alter year, for the acquisition c | aw 0 f
of the most complex, andl consequently,
the most difficult of sciences, it is reason
able that his knowledge should receive its
reward, when practically applied for the
public as well as the prirale weal. When
invited by the Coroner to make tlie exami
nation of a body, in case of suspected poi
soning, murder, etc., he has always wil
ls very difficult, as all practical plan
ing States, for its protection and pro- tors know, to laydown any rule which
that tltey are one people by na- servation. By the present laws of the "HI apply to all the various cireutn- i r 1 ";*- “
,d position, and that their social United States, interpreted rigorously, it attendant upon this crop, com- their repetition, if need
litical destiny te the same. Thev is piracy to transport slaves between P^mg, as it does,, such a variety of working, although we ms
the United States and a foreign coun
ity. This will bo of little consequence
to South Carolina, with only an eighth
part of he.' soil under cultivation, and
where for half a century to come, the
natural increase of her population will
find ample room. But will the citizens
of the other slaveholding States be con-
for leaving things to their course—
that is, for submission. Jealousies and
rivalries there do exist in abundance,
between polititiciana, and merchants,
and railroad companies; hut these feel
ings are of narrow influence, as they
are of trifling concern; they move not
the heart of the Southern people, who distinct stipulations w ith the slaveholc
arc ever possessed with the deep con
viction that they are one people by na
ture *nd
and polit
have n common liberty and common
institutions to defend, and a common
fiBiLio share, amongst the nations of
tneehrth. Soutli Carolina is one of
these States, and in our opinion nov
the- one least respected and admired
among them. That the North defames
and detests her, all must see, is because
she is perseveringly and unconquera
bly true to the liberties and institutions
of the South.
But it is said w o ought not to make
our isolation more distinctly a sepa
rate natioUkl existence. . NVe have
been among those vvlyfjgu|yc ever main
tained thAt South tioni the J
time of her recognitMlfii by the British
Government, has always had a com- i
plete sejiamte national existence. A
State is onlannother name for a nation,
lie wore* are usen as synonymous
the acknowledgement of our inde
pendence by the British Crown ; and
we have ever supposed that with al! the laws of nations, all such fugitives
State Rights men, from the days of are free from arrest or indexation,
Jefferson till now, it was an undispu- Necessity will compel the States to de-
ted truth, that the States of this Union mand of the General Government that
were free, sovereign and independent treaty stipulations shall be made with
communities. On this principle alone South Carolina, to protect them from
is secession a right, and consolidation an evil that might soorf^row to be of
a wrong. The States are distinct the most serious magnitude. South
sovereignties, bound together for cer- i Carolina will of course be ready, and
tain purposes, in a compact called the more than ready to enter inti^ any
Constitution. Dissolve this compact, stipulations that shall place the rela-
and it does not in the slightest affect tions of the other Southern states with
their previous condition as separqjg, with her on the wme footing as they
independent add complete sovercifP- now stand. But will the Abolitionists
ties. With or without it, their position of the North, who now control the
is precisely the ssme, so far as their Government, be as ready to comply
separate Sttee existence is concerned, with the detnands-pfthe South? Will
Their relations only will be ebauM^xiot the cry be B once raised—“ No
by dissolving the compact, uot the dW treaty with a slave State 1” “No trea
ture of their ejcistence. Well, do the ty protect and enc
secessionists of South Carolina pro- th^recaptHIl and re
iold
(From the Soil of the South.)
EARLY CULTURE OF COTTON.
Most of our readers we suppose now
to he engaged in the first working of
theircotton, and having said some things
about the culture of corn, we will now
offer a few thoughts about cotton. It
wide, with sides as smooth as if a ditch- j lingly rendered his services to (he State,
er had laid out the line w ith his spade, regardless of the inconvenience to which
leaving the earth about the roots of he may be exposed. _ Is it not just that hi
tlie cotton as undisturbed as if the
plow had remained in the smith shop.
We very much incline to the opinion
that the inventor of this very popular
method of first w orkings, looked more
exclusively to grass killing than cotton
making. We have seen ridges of this
sort, after standing a few days in the
wind and sun, become hard and dry
through, and the young cotton much
checked in its growth. If, then, this
plow is used at all, never let the rows
stand long before the soft earth is re
stored.
The turning plow might be used in
this way in land naturally soft, or in
that made so by previous plowings.—
We lay down this general principle,
that if the earth is not already soft, it
must be made so by the use of some plow
suited for the purpose. We cannot
consent to the idea, which prevails to
some extent, that the cotton plant
grows best when it strikes hard earth
50, to the effect that on one
occasion, physicians were summoned from
New-York city, Albany, Utica, Auburn,
Geneva, and himself from Rochester, to
give evidence in a case that was to lx'
tried in Cayuga County. He was not on
ly subjected to great loss of time, but also
to the expenditure of nearly one hiindri d
dollars for examinations, travelling expen
ses, etc., not a dollar of which was refun
ded him. This is one instance, among
, i many, which he adduces to show the in-
should receive t qwlproyuo? The law- j„ the legislature it. not awarding
jer who conducts the case on the part ot t 0 physicians remuneration tor the servi-
the btate receives a compensation, and rendered the Stale,
why should not the physician, who is per- This is one consideration
haps mainly instrumental m establishing others that should prompt
the gm t or innocence ol the accused ? It recognize the just demands of the profes-
would le superfluous tor us to do more ■ s j on j n (ids respect, and that is, their vol-
than merely advert to the rases on record. ! untary and gratuitous
in which medical testimonv has been all-
above all
the State to
assumption of the
... ... guardianship of the public health. When
important to the conviction of tlie individ- i consulted on questions of public hygiene,
ual suspected of having perpetrated the , the physician, actuated by the noblest im-
crime. We need only instance the dread- pulses of the human heart, viz
tul tragedy, recently enacted by one of our
j own profession, to convince any one of
the great weight attached to the testimony
of the scientific physician.
We are not sufficiently acquainted with
the laws of tlie several States of our con
federacy, to know whether physicians in
the majority of cases are paid for these
examinations or not. It is only lately
that Georgia has rendered this act of jus
tice to her physicians. By a law passed
at the last session of the Legislature of
that State, as we learn from the July num
ber of the Southern Mrrtical and Surgical
Journal, the physician is allowed—for
This cannot ho time of anv plant exammation when death
p K , has resulted from external violence, where
which sends out and relies so largely dissection is necessary, and where no in-
upon its tap root as cotton. And this
theory is refuted, also, in the univer-
soil, and planted, as the crop has been,
wilh such varied preparations. The
working of this crop may’ be com
menced as soon as the third and fourth
leaves make their appearance, and the
general impression is, that those early
workings contribute to the health and
vigorous growth of the plant. There
Union. If they do iHit choose to Be
rede with us, and the General
ment will not allow them to
treaties’’With ns, we Van annihjj
State lines in our social and rammer
cud intercourse with them, and invite i of the bitterest eueaiie
tics to partake freely of our liberty answer.
I Gown.-
liS
tent to remain nnder disabilities bo in- ,8m,,c h difference o( opinion about the
jurious to their interests, and so con- *1®®* in cthod ot performing this opera-
de.nnatorv of the institution instelf? I' 00, k omc rnen » an, ‘ smrie who are
Yet what prospect have they of seen- vel 7 successful, too, proceed to reduce
ring a change of this state of things tbe cro P or nearly to, a stand, ma-
from a Government which oven now king a tedious and slow’ operation of
threatens to prohibit the trans|K>i tation * be Hfsl going over, insisting that they
of slAves from one state to another arc quite up with those who move fast-
within the Union ! er > ." hen ‘W h » vc S otte " through.—
But passing that,—how will the oth- ^ b ' s > however, is not regarded gener-
er States recover fugitive slaves, or a8 t" e oest plan. 1 he more com-
criminals, w ho may take refuge i n n‘on method is to chop rapidly through
South Carolina? Or what will they the drill hoeing very litUe, leaving the
do with fugitives from the latter, who .V° un g plants in bunches ol three to
may escape into their borders? By five stalks in a hunch. When the land
• ' - has been well prepared, wo think it a
good plan to have the hoes go before
tin plows, chopping the cotton into
bunches, as before designated; the dis
tance to be regulated by the space in
tended to be given to the stalks in the
row, and then let a very careful plow
man follow on each side of the drill,
dropping a little fresh soft earth around
the roots of the cotton, covering the
space marked with the hoe, and at tlH
same time any ^all grass which might
be left about Wh young plant We
prefer this plan because we think it
quite as expeditious as any other,
leaves the crop cleaner and in oetter
condition to grow. We have failed to
see an^feason why a plow should go
before, throwing dirt around the young
cotton, to be pulled away again by the
hoes, uncovering the grass, and great
ly, as we eonceive, retarding and in
creasing the labor of tee hoe hands.
But where the hoes shall have passed
on first, the plow covers up all the
small grass, and there it remains and
dies. If there is no danger from wash
ing rains, two furrows, one each side
of the drill, is quite sufficient for the
first working. The kind of plow to
be used in uits operation must be de
termined altogether by tip., circum-
stances of Hie esse, and most be left
very much to a sound^tHpcretion. It
sally admitted fact, that deep soft lands
are best for this crop. W hat nature
has not done then for the soil, must
lie supplied, as far as possible by arti
ficial means. The land should be pre
pared by deep plowings, and where the
plant is young, the earth kept soft by
be. At this
may not thin to
a stand, yet in chopping out the basis
of the stand is fixed, and the spaces
given to the bunches should be made
in reference to the distance intended
to be given to the stalks from each
other. The distance should bo regu
lated according to tlie fertility of the
soil, and the size to which the weed
may he expected to grow. The cal
culation should he made to have the
branches, when matured, slightly to in
terlock, so that the rays of tlie sun
through them.
terment of the body has been made, twen
ty dollars; for the same after one or more
da
lays interment, thirty dollars; lor the same,
when any chemical analysis is required,
the sum of fifty dollars, and the expense
of such analysis. In reference u* this
matter, the above Journal remarks:—
“We are pleased that this tardy act of
justice to tlu‘ medical profession has been
done; but, at the same time, we are con
strained to say that the compensation for
]>ost mortem examinations where chemi
cal analysis is required, is entirely inade
quate. In almost every case of this kind,
the entire responsibility is thrown upon
the physician. Upon the correctness of
his analysis, the reputation and life of the
accused depend, liie opinion alone de- . .
termines the question wnether or not a dined, by the former, without even
crime has been committed. To place a suspecting tlie cause. It is a criterion
n desire
to ameliorate the condition of his species
—readily and cheerfully imparts all the
information he possesses that may tend to
the accomplishment of that object. Nay,
he is most frequently foremost in devising
means for the improvement of the body
politic; whereas, were he to obey the dic
tates of interest, he would rather endea
vour to promote disease than prevent it,
We shall not, for thu present, pursue
this subject further, our object being mere-
to direct thereto the attention of our rea
ders, aud, through thorn, that of the mem
bers of the legislature.
It is our intention to move, at the next
meeting of the South Carolina Medical
Association, for the appointment of a
Standing Committee, to be called the Com
mittee on the Interests of the Profession,
whose duty it shall be to fake cognizance
of all matters relating to the good of the
profession.—Medical Journal ami Review.
AN EVIDENCE OF ILL MEEDING.
There is no greater breach of good
manners—or rather no better evidence
of ill breeding—than that of interrupt
ing another in conversation while speak
ing,—or commencing a remark before
another bus fully closed. No well bred
jierson does it, or continues a conversa
tion long with one who does. 'Die
latter often finds an interesting conver
sation abruptly waived, closed or de
man under such a weight of responsibili
ty, and then to offer to compensate him
for fifty dollars, shows a very low appre-
; ciation of the profession, or a very extra
vagant estimate of the value of money.”
Now, although we cannot comprehend
which never fails to show the breeding
of the individual. A well bred person
will not even interrupt one who is in
all respects greatjy his inferior. If
you wish to judge the good breeding
of a person with whom you are but
slightly acquainted, mark such persons
strictly in this respect, and you will
tale. ixo irea-
ciMMge slavery by
he (’onstitut^rm^of
( her relations j£h the tofteidage?” By the
other slaveholding States, by acceding the United States, it takes two-thir®
from the Union t Not at all. They of the Senate to make a treaty. Can
desire to bind her to her sister States two-thirds of tlie Senate be obtained
of the Soutli by relations still more in- to sanction a treaty for tlie rendition
timate than exist teteer the present of fugitive slaves among the States of
dolEt ^
may penetrate through them. This | . . ..... ,
cannot be done with any degree of how a phyMcmn s re,pou,,b, ,ty ., iessen-
. . . , ® ed, or ntts conscience relieved of remorse,
certainty, we know, as the size of tlie pecuniary reward in the event of the „ .
plant will vary materially with the sea- execution of an innocent person convicted assuredly not be deceived. However
sons; yet our estimate may be made upon his testimony, as the result of bis
upon a fair average, as the best that examination, still we coincide with the
can be done in anticipation. As re- ; editor that the fee allowed should be pro-
marked in thft outset, little more can portionate to the amount of labour and of
be done than lav down general princi- kn^edge required of him; that fifty dol-
, . . -l . . . j ! lars, for instancewlor a cnMnical analysis,
pies, leaving them to be varied by the „ whol|y disproportionate to the expen-
exercise of a sound discretion; and af- pr0 ces8 that it involves,
ter all, we may expect tliat seasons The Statute of New-York, we are told
and other casualities will make excep- | by the Northern lancet, directs the Coro-
tho Union? Let the vote on the pas
sage of the existing fugitive law, and
the war now waged against it through
out tlie North, answer the queetion.—
Let tlie recent elections to the Senate
to Unit law,
tions, and set at defiance all our best
laid plans.
The Key of the Bastile.—Most
persons are aware that when the Bas
tile was demolished at the beginning of
the French Revolution, the key of this
famous prison house was presented to
Gen. Washington as the fittest deposi
tory of this terrible instrument of ty-
ranigr. He, the great champion of
liberty, was very properly chosen to
be the keeper of this key of the terres
trial “ bottomless pit” It is still pre
served at Mount Vernon, and can be
seen in the large hall secured in a glass
ease. It is a black,
handled key, and looks as if it might
intelligent, fluent, easy, or even grace
ful, a person may appear for a short
time, if you And such individuals guilty
of this practice, you will find him or
her soon prove uninteresting, insipid,
and coarse.
*?ITES.
We find the following paragraph go
ing the rounds of the papers, it jiur-
lectures addressed to young ladies:
o vo
ilea
ner to summon a physician to attend pro- u
fessionafly at an inquest, but does not pro- ports to be an extract from Mrs. Flli’s
vide for his remuneration. A numerous- ‘
ly signed petition to that effect was pre
sented to the Legislature, during the ses
sion of 1842-’43, but its remonstrances
were utterly disregarded. Inasmuch,
therefore, as the Stale has not complied
with the demands of the profession, the
“ My pretty little dears, you arc no
more lit for matrimony than a duckkt
is to look after a family of fourteen
chickens. The truth is, my dear giiU,
you want, generally speaking, more
physicians when summoned by the Coro- liberty and less fashionable restraint;
ner, although obliged to attend, do not gen- more kitchen and less parlor ; more
erally touch the body, as he connot force breakfast and less bustle. I like die
‘^hXlreat Brittain the fws aw awarded ro.v
lo Hie physician in . »c.l. .. cordin, to brut.leJ. Umitctl.g, h,«i,»hT c «n
the services performed. In France like- Ha™ stockings, make her own Rocks,
wue, and, we presume, upon the Conti- mend trousers, command a regiment
rude, huge cross-
ey, and looks as if it n
have been forged by the Cyclops.
To Cr«i hatches ox Houses’
Feet.—Mr. Lewis Prypn, of Erin,
Georgia, furnishes the Southern Culti
vator with the following recipe: Wash
the feet with warm soap-suds, wipe
presume, upon
nent generally; physicians are remunera
ted.
And shall this State be one of the last
to comply with the just demands of the
profession? It has happened that, time
after time, bills for port mortem examina
tions, made at the instance of Coroners,
have been presented to our Legislature,
and have, so far as we know, invariably
been rejected. Why is this? What in
centive is held out to the physician to
of pots and kettles, milk tlie cows,
feed the pigs, chop w ood, and shoot a
wild duck as well as the Duchess ot
Marlboro, or the Queep.of Spain, and
be a lady withal in thenrawing-room.
But its to your pining, moping, waap-
waLteff. putty-faced, music-murdering,
novel-HUnling daughters of fashion and
idleness, with your consumption-soled
shoes, silk stockings, and calico shifts,
es and
them dry, sprinkle finely pulverized 'I ua,ir y himself for such arduous and res- you won ’ t do for tlie future w iv
Hr- «- j
r The raw pa
givd n good coat of copgl varnish, turn o| hisdutieA M a
tlie animal on a dry paster* or a lot a ed ,p„ | 08e 0 f reputatioi
few hours, and you will have no more be utterly indifferent to the examination
trouble with it I cured a case of long i made, and to the evidence subsequently
standing the first trial. I delivered by him*
and that he dread-
t^Tie might often
* Always lie good natural. A few
drops oroil will do mure to start the
most stuliborn machinery than all the
vinegar in the world. g .