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? VOLUME 2. rf_ CAMDEN, SOUTH-CAROLINA^"APRIL 1, 1851. " NUMBER 20. ? DIMBimill I I I II II I II I THE CAMDEN JOURNAL. piinsiiKi) HY - WARREN & PRICE. THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL I* published at Three Dollars and Fifty Cent", if j.nid in advance, or Four Dollars if payment is delayed for three months. THE WEEKLY JOURNAL Is published nt Two Dollars if paid in idvanro, or Two Dollars and Fifty Cents, if payment is delayed for Si* months, and Three Dollars, if not paid until the end of the year. ADVERTISEMENTS will be inserted at the following rates; For one square (14 iines or le?s) in the semi-weekly, one dollar for the first, and twenty-five cents for each vuhseqnent insertion. " " e ? tli? f.rvt In the weekly. wjvcmv-imr ?-in<- i-v. . ml thirty-seven and a lialf cent? for each sitl??equeiil insertion Single insertion?oue dollar per square. The numner of insertion? desired, and the edition to i W published in, must he noted en the margin of all adver- | tacmriits. or tlicy will be inserted semi-weekly until or- [ dered to be discontinued, tine charged accordingly. Seiui-ninnthly, monthly and quarterly advertisement? charged tlie same as for a single insertion. Cy-All communication? by mail must be post-paid oj secure attention. Tlie following gentlemen are Agents for the Journal: j Wm. C. Carton, General Agent. Cot. T. W. iluKv. Jacksotihain. Lancaster Dist. S. II. Rosser. Esq., Lancast rville, S.C. j f. C. McCrcvmem, Carthage. N. II. W. C. Moork. Esq., Camden. S. C. And Postmasters are requested to acta? our Agents. W? H. R WORKMAN, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Camden, 8. O. (Office immediately in rear of tlie Court House.) Witt ATTEND THE COURTS OK Darlington and Sumter Districts. Business entrusted to hint wit. meet with prompt and careful attention. Jiiiyzo. .HOFI'AT & ?!OOK?. AUCTIONEERS At. GENERAL AGENTS, cami en, s. c. Jan. 6. 2 c. m vi SB a-:sox, B A N Iv A G E N T. Ax his oi.n stand opppsitk Davis's Hotel B. W. CHA3I BEliS, Receiving and Forwarding Merchant, AND Bayer of Cotton and other Country Produce, ca.mdkn. ft. r. WILLIAM C. MOORE, BANK AGENT, And Receiving and Forwarding Merchant CAMDEN, S. C. RrFrocvrra VV_ K Jolli.s.'lll. Ejid. ilui. J. AI DeSaussure, T. J. Warren, Esq. Bogardns' Planetary Horse Power. /'pill-. snlw:ihi^ have received one of il.c above rna_L chine* from 'he wnmihctor* of (?eo. Vail A: i o.. to k which tln-t would rail ?i:e annition of ib.se who want Eow?*r* for (iinnioa. -"avvi rj or Griiiriiiis. Oilers .'or any ind of MILL IRONS or <" \S'i'IN(.S will lie >rni!i tlv attendee! i? McDOW. I.Ldtl OOl'Kll. to- \ few Mill Crunks oe hatni. Sent. 20.1S50. 73 tf Dry Goods. THE Subscriber lias just mMod to his stock ol GROCERIES. 20 Pieces Chen}) Calico. 30 " Home-puns mid ()sn:ihnr??. Checks, Ticking, Shawls, Handkerchiefs, Tweeds, Cassimercs, Diuiinins. &c., with all articles usual!v kept in a wcil selected assortment. WM. C. M?0RE.. Feb.lt tf Carpeting* and 2iug< at Co*t! A few pieces Carpotii!gs. at posithclv cost. ifv 11. LEW i. SON. Jan. 23 7 if J~ S. I3 . K E ?Is 31 A W, Attorney at Law and Solicitor in Equity, CAMDEN, s. < Will attend the ourts of Kershaw, Sumter, Fairfield, Darlington ami Lancaster Districts. To llvnt. THAT brick dwelling and store, next to the * Mansion House." now occupied l?v T. lion- 1 noil. Annlv to J J> KHItSIlAW, Ex'or. Der'-jV _ 101 if The subscriber has just finished off a lot of Mahogany Rocking Chairs in plush. Also Sewing Chairs in plush ami hair; very neat articles and ?t unusually low prices. C. I,. CIIATTEX. 31111 G'lifl^coiis, &.c. Mill Gudgeons, 10^ to "JO inch Mill Cranks, assorted sizes North Caiohna, English and Norther llollow VV are, assorted, from \ to .35 gallons Patent Iron Axles, 1 to inch. Mill Irons of anv kind furnished to order. .. n,.?> , r I e. , I> JHr.iJU n hjjJJ vi, JH%. July 8 ">i -|XA SIDES be*t Hemlock Leather. xOw Just received and lor sale at 17 ets |>cr lb. by JOHN W. MAULEY. CORN Shelters, Patent Straw Cutlers. Plough*, Patent Churns of the moM approved kind?Rucking and itting* hairs. Pail*. Tubs, &e., just received iiv Sent. 17. [74tf 1 K. W. lKi.N.NKY. Carpeting!!! JUST opened and for sale, eutiim?n, extra fine, superfine, and imperial three j?ly Carjiels, of new patterns. Also, Printed Floor Cloths, itugs, nti-l cotton Carpeting. | ^ Sept 17, [74 tf] K. W. liONNKV. OA BOXES I. E. Cheese, small size, received jU\J and for eale, by SllAW & AUSTIN. Feb. 18 M _ tf_ O BBLS. Kennedy's Boston Butter Crackers, received and for sale, bv .SHAW & AUSTIN. I Feb. 18 21 !L_ O OASES pie Fruit consisting of Rhubarb, .w Gooseberries, Peaches, W hortlebeiries and Plums, received and for sale, l?v SHAW & AUSTIN. Feb. 18 14 tf ICase Pate de Foie Gras Strusbourg. Received and for sale by Jan 30. SI I AW &. AUSTIN. 5 BOXES Smoked Halibut received and for pale by SIIAVV &. AUSTIN. Feb. 18 14 tf -fBBLS. Planting Potatoes, received and tor JLl / gale, by SIIAVV & AUSTIN. [ Feb. 18 14 tf I THE SOUTHERN STORE. j 1 LL who wish Bar,'aiiii=, are inviteil to rail at I A K. S. MoFFA'l \S new Southern Store, third house above the hank of Camden, where they will find a complete assortment of DRV GOODS, GROCERIES AND HARDWARE, consisti11jjt in part, as follows: Fancy and inoiirui: <? l'rints 7-8 and 4-4 brown Shirtings Blue Den.ins and Mar!borough Stripes Saltinelts and Kentucky Jeans Cloths and laucy C'assiineres ftegro Kcpcv.-; Bed and Negro Blankets ilous. Deaincs, Ginghams, $c. Groceries. I Brown, Loaf, crashed and clarified Sugar Rio and Java Codecs New Orleans and West India Molasses Alackarel, Nos. '<J ami 3 in barrels Cheese, Rice, Flour, Bacon and Salt Raisins, Pepper, Spice Tobacco, Segars. >Vc. &.C. Hardware. Pocket Knives and Forks J Britannia and iron Spoons Trace and Halter Chains Axes, Hammers and Hatchets Spades, Shovyls and Hoes liand, null and crosscut srws Vice's, anvils and blacksmith's bellows Nails, brads, tacks and sp igs Knob, pad closet and stock locks iron squares, compasses and plane irons Brushes, blacking, cotton and wool cards Broadaxes and steelyards; puts and skillets Itrnad anil narrow lion iSic. Ready 7ia.de Clolliiuit ol every description. Saddles, bridles and Martingales (.'rockery and Gl. ssware Gunny and Dundee Cogging Kentucky Rope and Twine Together with every oilier article usually (nund in a well selei ted stock of Dry Goods, Groceries and Hardware. All of which will be sold exceedingly low for cash. ;-ir']'he highest market prices paid for cotton ami oilier country produce. Dec. 21, K. S, Aft'FFAT. New Fall Goods. TIIE subscriber respectfully into mis his friends and the puhiic general!}', that lie is now receiving his Fall supply of Groceries, DoiacsJics, Ac. Consisting in part, of the following articles, viz:? Brown, crushed, loaf and clarilied Sugars New Orleans and Muscovado Molasses Rio and Java Cotfee Rice, Cheese, Bacon ami Lard No. 2 and 3 Mackarel Corn. Flour, Oats, Salt Sivpdes Iron of all >i/.es I'owder, Shut, Ijead, Soaps, Starch, Candles Film and common Tobacco 6?o;?e and Twine. Men and bar's Wagon Saddles Riding a:.(1 Waggon Bridles liames, Collar.-, Riding and Waggon Whips Al.SU ("rookery, Glass and Hardware Collin;' host Axes, X..i!s, assorted siz* l'ockct Knives, Knives and Forks Negro iis, Bleached and brown Homes puns Bed, -Negro and Riding BLANKETS A few cases of men and boys lints and Caps With all other articles usually lbund in a well supplied Grocery and Hardware store, all of which will be sold exct cdingiv low for ca? h. " R. W. CHAMBERS. Cnnnl'n. S. C. Sept. 3. * TO U ?? ~ ? -.--r ?? r-v v*r i-n n HLRNSIVR ll'JUSL, j CA.tiDEX, s. ev rI",I!E tinder: igttrd hcgs linvt1 to return hi* Truthful A lli:ink- friend*. :ii>r] :lie travelling Public. for the lilieri' Mipoor: \\ Inch lie has recejs>inr-?r lie has been opened. tfoitr months) and l as ett'ered utsm his duties for 1831. with renewed etterirv m endeavor in .'lease nil thai may eal! noon liim. both rich and poor. Ilis House will lie found one of the hum !e-ir.ih!e. siina'ed.arid lies! Ittrtiislied Hotels in Camden. Ills servants also will be found rev'veiful and attentive, and the table will be suppiiett with the Ivst ;he market .illi.ro'-. Ilis Stables ami Carriage Houses are roomy and always fully supplied with Provender, nic! an exjieriem ed Ho ller. An Hinnihtts calls ut the llmi>ee\ery morning for passengers for the Railroad. (>ive me a call and test my motto. As you !itid me, So reeomiuend me. H. (J. ROBINSON. Proprietor. Camtlen. Fehrttarv 7th, 1851. II tf Temperance Hotel. I?.:.* I '.I fit.lit. iiit.trm ].;? J. friends and the travelling public in general, that lie lias again rented the a hove Hotel for a short time and would respectfully solicit a portion of the patronage so liberally bestowed upon him heretofore, as no pains will he spared to make the traveller comfortable and at h me. The Stages, and Omnibuses will call regularly at the House for passengers, going by Railroad. Also, Horses, and Buggies, can he had front him on reasonable terms, to go in the country. J. B. F. BOONE. Feb. 11, 12 tf Bounty Land. rpiIE subs'criber will piosecutc claims for Land JL. or Pensions, on reasonable terms. Soldiers and officers, in the Mexican war, in the War of 161:2, the Florida war, and other Indian wars, arc entitled to Bounty Land. J- B. KEUSIIAVV. Dec, 24, tl 101 Att'y at Law. VFEW metre of those fine Beef Tongues, received at .MOORE'S.Feb 11 12 tf X AAA LBS. BACO* I2A21S, prime, 'V/' / r?() bbls extra F.tiniiv Flour 30 boxes Adamantine Candles. For sale by Jan. 21. JOHN W; BRADLEY Notice. HAVING disposed of my entire stock of Groceries to Mr. James I. Villepiiftie, formerly I of the firm of l'aul F. Villoj?i?jiie t}* .Son, I beg, I respccltully, to solicit for him, the generous patronarre of mv former customers. Tliosc indebted to mo**ilIior liy note or open ac! count, are earnestly requested to rail mi me at tlie old stand ami settle, which will enable me to meet mv own engagements. S. JJKN.SON. Family Groceries. SUGAIt.?Lon', Crushed, Pulverized, Clarified li^'lit and 1.row 11 lij;ht N. Orleans and Mus. covat'o. COFFEE?Old Government Java, Rio, Lapuira, Cliorohne, Broma, Cocoa. TEA.?Imperial, Gunpowder, Hyson, SiIverleaf Young Hyson, Orange I'elioe and Golden ('ha p. FLOlEi.?Baltimore in IJl>!s., fxtra family Flour in Bags from selected Wheal, Buckwheai, RICE?.?Whole, Maccaroni, Farina, Currie Powder. SOAP.?Chemical, Olive, Chinese Washing Fluid. Castile, Colgate*, Fanry. HA.US?Bali inline Sujar cured, Dried Beef, 1'ickled Beef, Mackerel, No. I. in Kilts Salmon do., Halibut, Fre-li S.'nion, Lob slcrs, Sardines in whole, half and quarter boxes, Herring, Potted Yarmouth do. PICKLES F rotii (J rouse &. Biackucll, Un derwoed and Leu is. KJ2TCf3l'PS.?Worcestershire, Harvey, John Bull Tonia'oe, Walnut, Mushroom, King of OmleV, KhImi, Pepper and 1'acn vmger, W. W me do, Cider do, English and French Mustard, Spanish Olives, Capers, Anchavies Essences lor flavoring. PRESERVES.?Peaches, Apricots, Prunes in their ?wn Juice. Pineapple, Limes, Prunes. West Indies do., Strawbeiry Jam, Figs, Raisins, Prunes. CAIVDL.ES.?New Bedford Sperm, Solar do. Adamantine, Wax, colored do. Received and fu- sale by SHAW &. AUSTIN. FARE REDICEDTO ^OFROH Cliui lestoii lo New York. The Great Mail Haute from Charleston, S. C. LEAVING the wharf at the foot of Laurens st. daily a! '!, p. tn. after the arrival of the Southern cars, via Wilmington anu Weldon, Petersburg', Richmond, to Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and to New York. Tl>e public is reaper:fully informed that the steamers of this line, from Chrlcsion to Wilmington, are in first rate condition, and are navi paled by well known and experienced commanders, and the Railioads are in fine order, thereby securing bo'h safety and despatch. A THROUGH TJCKKT having- already been in operation will be continued on and alter the IIr^t of Oct. 1*49, as a permanent arrangement from Charleston to Mew York. Passengersavailing themselves thereat will have the option to continue without delay through the route or otherwise, tostop at any immediate points, re tie *.vi up : heir seats oil the line to suit .heir convenience. By this route travellers may reach .\evv York on the third day dun up business hours. Bipgage will he ticketed on board the 6tenmrto Weldmi, as likewise on the ch nge of cars at the intermediate points from thence to New York* Through Tickets can alone be had of E. WIN SLOW, Ajjent of the Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad Company, at the office of the Company, loot of Laurens street, to whom please apply. For other informatio inquire of L. C. DUNCAN, at the American Hotel. Ma 7 3, 84 tf WIEI.<)kCV, AND mi AND I. X A Bols. Rectified Whiskey, f )V/ AO hols. New England Rum 5 casks Domestic Brandy 40 doz. Old .1/adeira Wine 00 dnz. Porter and Ale. in quarts and pints Received and lor sale bv Jan. 'JO JOHN W. BRADLEY. ITMNIilKJSIl POTATOES?A few hhj*. jn,i received ; by SHAW A- Al.-STl.N. 1 Case Uiives stu tied wim Ancnovies. iveceivea and tor sale by SHAW & AUSTIN'. I*Case Green Peas, (French.) Received and for . sale by SUA IV df- A I'STIX. \oticc. ALL persons avino demands against tlie Estate of .1. C. Doby, decM will present thein properly attested, and those indebted will make payment to J. DUN LAP, Adin'r. Jan. ;?>. a tf Domestic Items. BROWN and bleached Mieetings, every width, Ticking; Er glish Long-cloths; Counterpanes, plain and figured curtain Dimity; g.iruijnt Dimity; colored llomespuns ami Denims; plaid Linssy. C^Uiitialc PlnnL'itta :*t nil tirit'ow \Lso 1150 pieces of bleached aid brown Home spuns as low as tliev can be bought anv where in Amer ra. At * J AM ICS WILSON'S. Notice. AS I am about to leave this State, to travel abroad, I hereby appoint Mr. Thomas Lang as my general agent, to attend to my affairs during my abseiMM*. L. C. A DAMSON. Feb. 14 13 swtf Hardware, Groceries, Bagging, Rope and Twine, RKADY-made Clolbine, Hats, Caps, Bonnets, Boots and Shoes &.c. Just re eived and lor sale at the lowest prices possible bv M. DRUCKER cfr CO. FRENCH, German mill English Plain Cashmere*, for I-adieu Dromea. Alsci?Velvet and oilier Trimmings, opened this day, at BONNEY'S French Ilraitdy. Snpcrior French Br;.inly, lor Medicinal purpo. ses. For sale at McKAIN'S DRUG-STORE. 1 (CASE Fruits in their own juice, assorted, received and for sale by SHAW &. AUSTIN. Choice Segars OF the favorite Brands? (io!d Leaf, Esculapio, La Fortuna, La Esmeralda, &.c. &c., always to be fr.tind At II. LEW &, fcJON. Feb. 24. 1b51, 1<? tf Fruits! Fruits!! TP\I1NJP. A mil ph. Haiiunnas. I'laiitaiiiH and West L,. -rl , India Oranges, just received at MOORE'S. Feb 11 12 _ tf. Leidy's Blood Pills. A LARGE and tresli supply of tin* genuine article, just received at Z. J. DEIIAY'S. Aug. "JO (50 ESSAY ON PLANK ROADS. BY WJS. LiiiBfiG. DELIVERED BEFORE THE LITERARY CLl'B OF CHARLESTON. A company of gentlemen of Edgefield District. with a few individuals of Charleston, propose to build a plank road from this city to the mountains. The plan, is to commence at Chaileston and proceed to the vicinity of Abbeville Court-House, taking the direction of the South-Carolina Rail-road, and crossing the Edisto between Dianehville and Orangeburg; there striking the dividing tidge between the two Edistoes which lends, without crossing water, to the lidge which divides the waters oi- the Savannah and Saluda. There is probably no location in the United States which will afford easier average grades?they may cettainly be reduced to 1 in 50 both ways as far as Abbeville, and beyond that to Pendleton 1 in 30.? Among the great improvements which eharac- i terise the present age of progress, and which have so materially aided in diffusing the comforts of human life, the plank-road is destined to occupy a prominent place. (?ood common roads tend to change the condition of the farmer wherever they are extended; the plankroad gives him a thoroughfare infinitely superior to any other, not excepting the railroad; this superiority consists in its peculiar adaptation to the wants of a people who necessarily I maintain a large number of horses which are fed and kept in idleness at u season of the year when crops are sent to market; a motive power which would carry a crop to market on a plank-road without cost except for tolls. The travelling community will, by the same means, move without being subject to the rules and regulations of others, as to the time, speed or equipage in which they may desire to travel. The cheapness and facility with which plank roads may be constructed in our State, need only to be made known to produce a change which shall in a few years annihilate one of the greatest evils known to our country?the mud and mire through which our bulky and valuable proI ducts are yearly dragged to market. In many parts of our country this is a source of involuntary hermitage; for a days' journey is not attainable except through roads which seem to have concentrated all tao evils that could embarrass a traveller. Plank-roads, by penetrating our forests, will find materials for their construction, and afterwards afford the means of carrying theiu into portions of our State where timber lias been exhausted. They will be the means, when introduced, of redeeming and settling lands hitherto considered useless, and will so expedite travel as to bring a large range of surrounding country so near to lis, as to be, as it were, the environs of our city, 'i'iie phuik-ioad is the road ot the people, open to all, affording relief to the beast of burden, multiplying and cheapening the facilities for carrying produce to market, and affording a delightful means of tiavel. W e can trace their origin to Uu.-si.-i, but are unable tli fix the date. Tliey were introduced into Canada in ltsbl, into .\evv-\ork in 1840, and recently into .North Carolina, Georgia, and other Southern as well as Western States.? They have superseded McAdamued roads,and i in some instances have maintained a successful competition with rail-roads. Kveu in countries where stone is plenty and wood comparatively I - -1 VI ? 4 .r SCillCC, lliey are one-nan coca^er man .uuaua mixed roads, and one tenth of the cost of railroads. Where constantly usod 1?v burden wagons, j they are more durable and less costly than McAdami/.cd roads, including the outlay necessary to relay the plank-road once in nine years. A mule may draw twice as great a load on a plank road as he can on a MeAdamimJ road, travel with greater speed and more ease to himself, while there will be less wear to the vehicle which he draws. The State of New-York; the first to introduce them, has in live years extended this species of improvement over a thousand miles, all of which is now completed and in daily use. In the whole history of internal improvements tlntrn i< tsrv-ll-l-l-lv SI 11 V thill" which Slll'tUlSSCS tllC - V - o I mj>idity with which this system has developed itself. Plank-roads, hv the side of rail-roads, in New York, are paying from 10 to 15 per cent, interest, and carrying passengers at two cents a mile. While we see other States progressing, in this practical way, we in South-Carolina are in the midst of a rail road mania. We seem to have passed hv, unnoticed, the fact that, notwiihstunding IS years have elapsed since the S. Carolina It. 11. to Hamburg was put in operation, the country through which it passes remains a comparative wilderness, with its hundreds and thousands of acres of heavy timber untouched, except the small portion used by the rail-road for its construction and repairs. A plank-road would have long since carried this timber to ..iarkct, and converted the pre sent wild lands into cultivated Molds. It is tlie received opinion all over the world that the improved condition of the common roads and bridges of a country, are evident signs of the progress of civilization; but our planting States seem to he an exception to the rule, for with all our wealth and rciiaeuicnl, our market roads, over which millions of dollars worth of agricultural products annually pass, have had hut little more labour bestowed upon them than to clear away the forest timber and erect the rudest temporary bridges.? In the winter season, when our great staple, cotton, ought to be carri d to market, they are frequently almost impassable even for empty watrons. Ill looking back into tin* lii-tory ol tlio Just thirty yours in Houtli Carolina, wo find that, notwithstanding this unpardonable slate of things, the public mind has occasionally boon excited, and I may say convulsed, on this sub- | j.ct. The mania for internal improvements wliicli prevailed in 1620, in tliis State, ivin bo character i.scd by no more appropriate ternrthan convulsion, for in a state of feverish excitement she expended millions of dollars in works for which the country was not prepared, and which proved to be a waste of money. The amount of capital expended in those useless canals, would have constructed McAdamized roads to every important section of our State, serving, , at that i eriod. to chcancu the transit of pro 1 duce to market, and at this time as a basis for the plank road, so admirably adapted to our country, and which, in my opinion, is destined to supersede all other modes of transit. Rail-roads are expensive in their first outlay, and extremely complicated and expensive to i Keep up. They seldom improve the country | through which they pass, and are beneficial to cities only, by reaching sections of country which have no natural outlets, and which are beyond the reach of a wagon trade, over go id common roads. They are profitable to stockholders only when located on great thoroughfares for travel, and where they can be used to extend the commerce of a city. Out of the j 9,nU0 miles of rail-road now in use in the u. J States, it is surprising to learn how few of them yield a profit commensurate to the capital which has been invested in their construction. It certainly ought to admonish us against injudicious selections of the mode of improving the highways of the State, and of the fatal consequences ef exhausting the energy and capital of a country to construct works which, however gigantic in their conception, will not prove sutli! cicntly useful to pay for keeping them up. I | allude to the present state of public sentiment from no unkind feelings towards the rail-roads . now being projected and in progress in our State, but from a settled conviction that public <% >! :.mi in t!,i< ivii-ii/Mil-tr is ?ntirelv in error. - 1 ' ? Kail-roads are nece3;arily costly works, and ought not to he attempted except by capitalists for bona fide investment. When there is not a sure prospect of profitable returns, capitalitalist will not lend their aid, and the work lias to bo commenced by exciting appeals to patriotism, j ami plausible arguments as to the advantages I which will accrue to every individual through whose neighborhood it may pass. The work I is often commenced after receiving promises for : but half the capital necessary to complete it, depending on loans for the balance; and wheu completed, is found to have cost more thau tho estimates, thus starting uudor the disadvantage of a heavy debt. Then com^fhe great dithetiltv. which is the nith of the argument in favor ! of other modes of improving the highways of j S. Carolina,?I mean the large outlays necessary for the purchase of complicated machinery, the erection of workshops, to keep it in repair, the necessity for high salaried olii^rs, such as a President, Treasurer, Auditor, Agent of Transportation, Civil Engineer, and foreman of workshops ; also skilful workers in iron and wood, painters, upholsterers, receivers and deliverers of freight, laborers to load and unload, a regiment of clerks and book-keepers, working en' <'iueers, conductors, firemen, *Jcc. To ail of ' .... . I I these ramification ot expense, the extent ol j which is scarcely conceivable by the best in1 formed in such matters, must be added the wear ' -- I ' ..r fii..lij,?. ctiiu' Ikiif cnnl itl | OI iron <111U Lff.1 y ui iiuiuciy c?w? uui ... j their eventual destruction of property,and which cannot bo neglected even for a day. Much di: versity of opinion exists among rail road manager' as to the extent which rail-road cotnpa ilies should engage in the manufacture and re1 pair of niacliinery ; ia :ny opinion, large sums I of money have been wasted in this way, and : the ext. lit of such establishments ought to ho decided by the facilities immediately at baud to i have the woik done by private contract. All ; interior roads would be under the actual necessity of doing such wotk for themselves, however costly it might prove to be. The workshops now being erected by the South-Carolina Railroad Company in this place, are on an extensive scale. Without pretending to enter into 4 *lw* rwtli/ir T |||\ n.\t liaci. any ii& iu mv j'vuvj^ * \?v ??w ??voitate to express the opinion that whet) this establishment is fully equipped with men and ma-, chinery; that in the absence of the most con| stimulate skill iu managing, it will sink, in tlm , wear and tear of machinery, waste of mateiial i and injudicious application of mechanical labor, j a larger sum per annum than would be nocesi sarv to pay a good dividend on the investment necessary to build a plank-road 100 miles long. The mete working of the S. Carolina Kail-road costs, in round numbers, over 81,400 per day j for every wot king day iu the year. As 1 have ; before observed, rail-roads are exceedingly complicated works, costly iu their construction and outlit, and in their management, and we think that the least reflection ought to convince us that they are only tilted for locations where. - 1 1 *1- <%f u it nvlattciUA mey can ouiaiu me- |hiii?iuigi u. .... mercantile or manufacturing ovulation. How striking the contrast between rail ami' plank-roads in every point u? view. The perj nianent cost of a plank-road ceases with tho i construction of the highway. W ith the same ! original expenditure it accoiuniodates a thou: sand or a million tons of transportation, whiio the rail-road requires large investincnts in ma; chinery for any additional inilux of trade, i whether pernianent or temporary. The plaukj road i- capable of meeting all the wants of our I country, ami superior to the rail-road in every I particular but of indulging our fancy in rapidly 1 - ? <?> ? imiiif in another : it is so sim ; J?;i33?S ? ? I ------ 7 | pie and cheap in its construction and managemen*, that there is scarcely a village or an ng. : ^cultural section of our country thatcannot afford to bnil.l and maintain one. ; After the construction is completed, the commonest labor of our country can bo used in keeping tlieni in repair. The whole expense of conducting the ati'airs of a plank-road from tki* city to the mountains, would be embraced l in the salary of a treasurer or general supervi