^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ p ^ ^ ' SB " '^ ^' " ^ *
~ *DEVOTBB TO IdTSBATURl, THB ARTS, SGXBHC1, AGRICWSIWiraS, HiSWS;' POMTXCS, &C? *G. '
TERMS-?ONE DOLLAR PER ANNUM,] "I1?1 il b0 Instuied into the Hearts of your Children that the Liberty of the Press is the Palladium of all your Rights."?Junius. [PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
VOLUME 3?NO. 11. ABBEVILLE C. II., SOUTH CAROLINA, FRIDAY MORNING, JULY 20, 1855. WHOLE NUMBER 115; , '
I 1VTISCJET.T. ANV I Till nil the human race slinll l?e Iti.S. - <* ?:?-it - * 1
[FOR THE INDEPENDENT l'RESS.]
One Hundred Years Hence!
Being neither "a prophet, nor the son of
ft prophet," we feel our inability iu attempting
to draw aside the veil that shrouds the
dark and mysterious future ; yet we cannot
forbear entering into a speculative, or rather
n prophetic theory, to give expression to
our conceptions, though at the same time,
feeling fully sensible to the profound consideration,
that wo "cannot tell what a day
lnay bring forth," and that things to coinc
can be seen only by Him "who never slumbers
nor sleeps." One hundred years bonce! j
rv /vin rnlltr I
???*/ van iuiij wuijnuuv;iiu ii ; ?* nun
llio morn that shall usher in the last day
of the next Cfntury, shall dawn upon creation.
what scenes of wonder and interest
will be disclosed ! what wonders will open
upon-the startled view! what feelings of
amazement will thrill the soul ! Other
tribes and nations, other than those who now
inhabit the land, will be here, struggling amid
tho toils of lime and sense?the great
and renowned, tho rich and the poor, ever;/
class now engaged in the arena of life, having
then passed to the land of deep forgelfulness,
will bo together slumbering in the bosom
of the earth?the splendor and magnifi
cence of tlic present generation will l>o
mouldering in the dust, and creation will
then have assumed a different aspect from
that which it wears at the present day!
New and mysterious discoveries now in embryo
will then have disclosed themselves to
the eye of genius, and be contributing to the
welfare and happiness of mankind.
The future must be judged by the past.
That which has distinguished the one, will
also mark and distinguish the other. As
the past has been productive of genius, and
remarkable for advancement in science, so
it l?etokeqeth .promises of a brilliant future,.
i V ." 1
-Oi a brighter and more glorious day. Is it
aiot plausililo to suppose that days which are
to come, will develop more* of the hidden
mysteries of science, which, applied to the
works of art, will render them of unspeakable
value to man ? Might we not reasonably
suppose the future is teeming with Philosophers,
with Arti-1Orators and Historians,
who will shed abroad their unsullied
reputations, and immortalize their names, as
did those of ancient times ? Will not othOI*
riiTTTTPAO ??wl T? t r-fn f. TV..
vi \^amjuuciwo emu 1 ALOJ?", UlIl'Jl l'J( A.\K* i
lins and Newtonb spring into existence,
and meet the gaze of an astonished world ?
To answer this negatively, would be absurd.
For proof, we can only refer to the history
of the past. Not only will the future, yea,
the next hundred years display men of genius,
who shall wear the laurel wreallis of
honor and renown, but it will disclose thousands
of useful and ingenious inventions^
comprising every specimen of machinery,
from the simplest models to the most mysterious
and complicated enginery. Science
will unfold more of the magic power of
fhose inventions now in existence, and bring
to light things never before revealed. It
- will usher into existence discoveries and in t
ventions, that shall be equally beneficent to
n>on oq T>-~? - ?1? '
mjmu) jl uiitiii^ x I coftj 11JU VailHJ OI
which is inestimable, or as the Mariner's
Compass, which is to .the physical" world
what the Bible is to the spiritual world, or
the Electric Telegraph, the worth of which
words are not adequate to express. It will
disclose inventions that will vie in strength
with the unlimited.power of steam, which
being made Bi&servient to the will of man,
will perform at once the most imposing, and
the mo6t trivial services. A hundred years
hence telegaaphic communications will be
in all probability established in every quarto*
of the globe, and the girdle which the
"gentle Puck" proposed to put around the
. earth in forty, minutes, may turn out to be
no "ideal ce&tus," but a tangible circlet of
mnnnr um?> ? ?????? *1-- fli?l.i
? I' I ? v w Mi^unaj IUI bUC uigiib ui
human thoughts.
Then th6 incurrence of a startling event
will literally electrify the world, for the lightnings
will tell the tale from sea to sea, from
island to island, and from continent to continent.
How grand the thought that within
one hundred years, the whole human race
will be linked together by the agency of the
*'; ' electric telq^raph 1 What barriers will it
not o'erleap?what vast distances will it not
annihilate ! The vibrations of the* pen of
thia wonderful instrument will eventually
> < ^ qaioken the puisation^of the heart ?f>4he
And o'a? thfgtraelclew WJuUa <e*ob,
*3 .Jj?.;
_ '} \ . ? % |
One, in n universal spoecl'1 "
.Science will also add lo tlie almighty power
of steam. Not only will it "drag the
slow barge, or drive the rapid car," but it
will accelerate and facilitate tl>o toils of man
in every department of life. Like electricity,
it will annihilate time and space, and
bring within our reach tho "?ost distant
portions of tho world. Not only will the
earth tremble beneath its thunder, but tho
ocean waves will rock and roll before its
power, and it will recoil from its vast ex- 1
pause, and bccomc but a frith dividing us '
from our brethren ofihcOkl World. Who j
111 . ? I 1 1 __ _ ..I
win ucny mat ere one minureu years roll
round aerial chariots will vie with the powers
of steam and electricity in the transpor- 1
tation of produce from place to place? and '
who, looking from tin.' past to the present,
shall dare to say that a century hence will (
not confirm the prophetic musing? i
"Or on wide-waving; extended, br-nr
Tlio ptyiiic ?din riots ilirotii;h realms of air? .
1'siir itcw.s friumjiljant. From above,
Sliull v/nvc* their fluttering kerchiefs ;?s they j
move,
Or warrior hai!?l.?, atari 11 (he gaping crowd,
And armieH shrink teiioulh theshadowy cloud." J
Would that our ability were: commensu- 1
rate with our tlionio?that wo could in rc- '
ality unfold a far of the mysteries that re- (
ality must ere lore disclose?but wo shrink j
from the task, ore we bec ome lost and be- t
wildered amid luc many labyrinths of futt i
nty. - "Soph;'
f
[I'rom llie South Carolinian.]
The State Agricultural Society of South t
Carolina. c
To Dr. Jbhn P. Burrat, Gen. James ^
1
Gillam,8rdCaj>t. Thomas Byrd.
Gentlemen-: It was with a great deal of 1
satisfacLion'ths: I observed in the Edgefield ;
^dvortise?, Itytain Byrd's communication j
on the Bubjci' ol a proposed Stj^te Agricul- ,
tural Society I wished then to give all the t
aid a'an cqnieiinhoc I eiv.lfl to .?
but having :ofore me the recollection of a
signal failur- in which I was associated, in .
December, Iv>3, when a meeting was called
in the Capita for a similar purpose, i thought {
it perhaps f.nulent for me to remain silent
until th^mtter acquired some tangible f
sliape. TIh newspapers of the Statf: have 5j
generally g'n this great work the aid of a
paragraph,x]lich without other asistauce,
amounts toomfort about enough to kill it.
Some, indd, have devoted to the subject
careful tho^ht, and the arguments in their
articles in is favor will hereafter become
the foundahn stones upon which the future
structure till rest. Now, gentlemen, since
you have iade a public call upon all who
should put their shoulders to the wheel, I
fancy no oe who feels an interest should
remain siint, and hence shall trouble you
with the perusal of my crude notions on
the subjer.
You lire truly said that the hour has
conic fonction in this matter. South Carolina
in ?t even stationary in her indus-]
trial porsits. tSlie is actually, and rapidly, i
retrogracng. llor old fields :tc enlarging, <
her honHoads arc decreasing in numbers, t
lier factories are standing idle, or languish- t
ing for want of home patronage, her stock (
is dwindling into ghostly anatomies of vital i
semblance, and her sons of energy are seek- (
ing the more remunerating, hence more ge- f
nial, fields of the Southwest, upon which t
industry smiles by the sweat of the face of i
labor. Nor arc we alone losing white popu- <
altion??lave population, the true wealth of t
the State-, will soon bccome stationary, in <
.t: \ 1 J.? i - ?i-- I .
j'vy.ui, vi mciciise, wu.mii iiui uuruura, uy iiie j
colonization and occupation of the rich .
planting lands of those favored regions.
Should this be? Is old S.outlf Carolina still
to furiiish the elements of mind and labor
to tliofruitful forest lands, in which now
the spirits of the wilderness reigns? It is
truocjr soil is poor?poor and infertile?
from that careless system of indifference
whiph caused our people to contemplate its
gradual and certain deterioration, with no
foresight for tlifir future?which is our now.
That glorious West, witb soil as deep as its
extent of acres was broad, stretched out,
in valley and prairie, many thousand hands
to lid them welcome. Sylvan retreats induced
expatriation, and the ties of fatherland,
kindred and of hallowed association,
were cast as sacrifices upon the altar of
Mammonf*' We must no longer encourage
the departure of the flower of our land, but
by developing a spirit of improvement, and
therebv increasing attachment to our homes, i
mate the sons of Carolina proud to linger (
and (o labor upon their natal.soil. How i
important in this great work would be the i
workings of a'State Agricultural Society!
^ *ould give a successful impulse to this
spirit of improvement, and the easy^angk ,
accessible routes of public travel wouW-toi- j
press all persons visiting its annual fairs'wini ,
the advantages which We enjoy over many
sections boasting of richer and moire pimtfc '
tire so^J, Ad Jong as our people consider
that other Section* of the country po#*&'
Renter natural advantages than $*ey:do,
they will continue restless and disejitiftfied.
* '.pr .
.tvjiiujj ui uis>;m?>i.-icLion is incompatible
with a spirit of improvement, for men
will not bestow time and labor upon the
preservation of land which they expect to
abandon. Anxiety to move?-even if it be,
like the terrapin, with all his wealth upon
his back?becomes the predominant feeling,
and the good work stands' still. It should
be our province to convince the people of
the State that all our lands are valuable, and
if we do this the work of improvement will
tlien manifest itself. Are not all the lands
in middle and upper South Carolina valuable
? Compare their enhanced price with
former valuation, look at tho r.omfmts
ud by our citizens, where (hey have health,
pure air, crystal water?and contrast these
with the bayou, mosquitoes, cholera and
yellow fever, which scourge the Southwest!
Look, too, at (lie facility with which the
rapidly multiplying lines of railroads here
jonv>jy the products of the soil to market?
?nd think of some of our old friends out
West, who, because their magnificent riv>rs
don't happen "to rise," suffer for the luxuries,
and even the common necessaries of
living." Arc not all these things worthy to
je weighed in the balance of life? When
ife, too, is so short, and its rational pleasures
it best, and under the most favorable cirMimctnnnnu
*""" K** * ~ - -
IIK^ IU il Ull|> Ul
jitter waters, sweetened with but few indulgences
and little satisfaction. Here, whore
ivery man is near lo the highways of the
vorl'l?where business or pleasure finds ail
?asy transit to distant points?where hourly
is still respected and virtue admired,
evered and cherished?here, say we, is land
n wliicli to build and beautify homes?here
o cherish those we love?here to do one's
)art in the brunt of life's ever active battle
?here to lay our bones beside the honored
jraves of our fathers.
Yes, gentlemen, we belive that the instiution
you propose, will in a#great measure
'.ontrovert the evils and injuries done to the
stale, from the causes adverted to above:
>ut to do this successfully, requires great
snergv, labor and foresight. Our old State
\grieultural Society was ridden to death,
n connection with aspirations for office,
'oor old horse?and rider too?may you
est in peace. We have no purpose which
he resurrection of your now almost forgot*r.
cxiatynco *vouM p'-t ve. It was a gas so:iety,,which?like
all existences of allotted
leriods?lived its time, and was no more.
The ojects of a State Agricultural Socie
y should be of a higher aim than to elevate
iny one connected with it?save in the legitimate
pursuit of an industrial calling.
To merely benclit the recipients of premiuns,
is not alone the object for which such
ewards are offered. The premium is only
he active agent which puts vitality into
xeoution, and inducing competition?thus
levates the mass of observers to the same
leriocuon in meory and principle, which
he successful exhibitor lias attained .and developed
to the satisfaction of the country,
ts influence does not stop here?but observ:rs
take home the lessons which their eyes
lave stored up, and conversations and discissions
will follow, setting inquiry on foot,
ind benefitting ultimately scores who never
isit such rural jubilees.
Ilere the best breeds of animals can be
inspected, and the proper selections made,
vithout running the risk of a venture, which
night be unsuited to our climate and modes
>f feeding. The most valuable and best
idapted grains and vegatable products, with
he most successful and economical modes
>f culture, would be before the eye of those
vho wished improvement in tins line. The
exhibition of the domestic and manufactured
abrics of the State, would give lessons to
lie different sections, which could not fail'
n being profitable. The neat handiwork
)f the fair sex, always gracing such oxhibiions,
like the light clouds which veil heav;n
from our gaze, are great examples, and
he tasty patterns are speedily disseminated
nto the most remote hamlets and rural
lomes. The arts in taste, mechanics, and
svery class of ennobling toil, will bring their
iseful specimens, and labor-saving implenents
and machiuery will be ready to aid
he toiler to enlarge his operations, with renunerating
influence. Not to such things
done do we look for all tlio iinnrnvumont?
jut a society properly regulated, 6oon disseminates
a mass of information, which will
id reliable texts upon which to predicate
uture action.?The general intercourse beween
all parts of tho State?the instructive
ntercliange of opiuions upon all matters of
ndustrial improvement and progress?
would alone compensate for the election of
:he proposed association, independently of
the solid advantages which would accrno
to those who went into it, in order to benefit
the country, whilst they inform themselves.
The management, details' and arrange
menus 01 raising me means, proper location,
find other incidentals, are important matters
to be looked into; but I would extend
the limits of this communication too far,
were I to give you my particular views upon
these things. My whole heart and exertions
shall .!# with you, and I hope to s*e the true
"bopfc afld gmew" of the State in th*. Capitol,
on ibft'te&oind- Wednesday of August next
Let the people from every -nook and corner
gSsnd up delegates^ and where none are appointed^let
publipv spirited men Aobnie up
on tfteir hoofcw raatf coohte
one'in fbJ^ .work^.aijd aU wiH beweWonJed
in the spirit of brotherhood. -
With my best wishes for your success, I
am, very sin.:erely, A. G. Summer.
liAVliNSCROFT, S. C., Juiic 20, 1855.
[From the Casaville Standard.J
The Scicnce of Heat.
The Sun the primary source of heat.?
Heat is tlio sensation of warmth. The sun
' is the principal source of heat. Tho heat
of the Su?)'?l:lV?;rs from artificial heat, in that
of the fori'"".?r passes readily througjlifclass.
while the i^.ter possesses tho property ouiy
in a small ?i'??gree. Sun-shine is detrimental
to combustion : the reason why is not known
with any <i'igree of certainly, but fires are
never so bright when the Sun shines on
them. !I is supposed by sonic writers that
a chemical effect is produced upon the air
in contact with the fire which impedes the
progress o:' the combustion.
Calotir?When we touch a guidance
hotter t!'m ourselves, a subtle invisible
stream flows from the hotter substance and
produces ou our nerves the sensation of
warmtlh -/Thisstream is called caloric, and
is the age t which produces the sensation of
warmth, but heat is the sensation of itself.
This caloric is not equally distributed over
the globe, for at the equator the medium or
average temperature is 82 1-2 degrees while
at the pc>;es it is believed to be about 13 degrees
be* <w zero.
Electricity. the sccond source of lent ?
*/ ' - v
Electricity, like heat, exists in all matter;
but it 4k'frequently in a concealed state and
can only'oe developed by friction; hence, its
name ft . m the Greek word electron signifying
nml/-'r, which, it was discovered by the
Greeks, possessed when rubbed the property
of at'fading other bodies. This property
is possessed by many other bodies. If
you rub a piece of paper with India rubber
the rubber will adhere to the table. A piece
of common brown paper may be made to
stick fast to the wall by drying it for a moment
aL the fire and then drawing it once or
twifte between your knees. In both cases
electricity is cxcited by friction. Brushing
the hair for a long time produces an itching
of the head, because the friction of the hair
brush excites electricity in the hair, whinh
consequently becomes over chftrged and irritates
the skin. Cats rub their ears before
a rain, becsuse the air is full of vapor and
its humidity (piercing between the hairs of
the'1 p!V?uuooa un itching sonsation, or. it
may be becavise the air is over-charged \vith
electricity, producing a corresponding overcharge
in tlie hair of the cat. This overcharge
gives the hair a perpetual tendency
to become ruffled and the cat keeps rubbing
her coat and ears to smooth the hair down.
Electricity, like hqat, is in itself invisible,
though it is often accompanied by both light ]
and Heat. It is sometimes attended by a]
peculiar odor known as Ozone, resembling;
sulphur and phosphorus. This odor has!
been observed in the air during thunder!
storms.
The Aurora Borealls is supposed to be
produced by tho electric fluid passing
through air of different densities. The
most ratified air produces a white light, the
dry est air, red, and the dampest yellow
streaks.
Lightning.?Lightning is accumulated
electricity discharged from the clouds.
There are three causes which produce this
electricity in the clouds: the evaporation
from the earth's surface, the chemical
changes which take place on the earth's surface,
and currents of air of unequal temperature,
which excite electricity by friction, as
they come in contact with each other. "W hen
a cloud overcharged with electric fluid, approaches
another which is undercharged,
ti.A flnui 1-xciu.u r , *i.~
latter, until both are equally charged. Sometimes
mountains, trees and steeples will
discharge the lightning from a cloud floating
near, and the electric fluid sometimes
rushe.? out of the earth into the clouds.
Lightning clouds are of various heights
from the earth, some of them actually touching
it with one of their edges, while others
are as high as four or five miles above it.
Those from which electricity is discharged
during a thunder storm are, however, rarely
more than seven hundred yards above
' jthc stnface of the earth. On a fair day,
the.clouds are often four or five miles abovo
our heads, but their average height is from
one and a half to two miles.
Lightning is sometimes forked because
the lighning-cloud is at a great distance,
and the electrical current is diverted into a
ziz-zag course by the powerful resistance of
the air, the current flying from side to side
io order to pass where there is least resistance
Sometimes, in very severe storms,
the flash will divide into two or more parts,
unsi fliora will Ko 00 tr.nnif H noli ao
KU v?f v? mil uv (K> liiuiij uiwiucn wi lUIIVUU
lightning seen at the sanoe time. When the
cloud is near the earth aud the current
meets with but little resistance, it is not
divided, and the flash is straight. Sheet
lightning is either the reflection of distant
flashes not distinctly visible, or elsp several
flashes intermingled. Sqmctimes the flashes
assumes a globular form, which is the
most dangerous form of lightning.
S. flash of lightning is generally followed
by a pouring rain, because the flash produces
a change in the physical condition of
tho air, rendering it unable to hold as much
water in solution as it could before; consei
qoontly, a'part is given off in heavy rtin.
It Is generally followed by a goat of wind,
because the physical condition of the air is
*- i ' * v
z* . f * : :
disturbed by the passage of the lightning,
and wind is the result of the disturbance.
In summer, lightning-is frequently unat>"
tended by thunder, because the clouds are
so far distant the sound of the thundejr. is
lost before it reaches the ear. Sometimes
the earth is overcharged with electric fluid
and returns some of it to the clouds; this
is called the "Returning strode." There is
I more lightning in Summed and Autumn,
I than in Spring and Winter, !rcf?ic? tb"
heat in the two former seasons produces
great evaporation, and the conversion of
water into vapor always develops electrics
There are two kinds of electricity, positive
and negative. The flash always proceeds
from a positive body; that is one
overcharged with electric fluid. When the
clouds are in a positive state of electricity,
the lightning passes from them to the
earth; when they are in a negative state,
it passes from the earth to them.' They
arc said to be in a positive state when they
contain more of the electric fluid thau usuj.al,
and in a negative state when they contain
less than usual.
Petrifaction of Human Bodice.
The American Medical Gazette for May
contains the following curious account of
the petrifaction of human bodies:
In the old Cathedral church of Bremen
is a vault, the atmosphere of which possesses
the peculiar property of preserving from
decay all bodies that maybe placed therein.
Visitors are shown eight human bodies,
besides a number of cats, dogs, monkeys,
oirus, all ol which, by mere exposure
to the atmosphere, have become dried and
free from all offensive effluvia; resembling,
in appearance, coarse parchment.
The body nearest the door is that of an
English Major, said to have lain here one
hundred and eighteen years.
The second is that of a Gorman student,
who lost hia life in a duel. The hard, dry
flesh still shows the sabre wounds on his
throat and arm. His body has been here
170 years. * The
third is that of a Swedish Countess,
whose body has remained free from the lot
of common mortals for 140 years.
The fourth that of a Swedish General,
who was killed in the "Thirty Year's War,"
and whose throat still exhibits the mark of
ihfc wound c: which. h# died.
The fifth is that of his aid-de-camp, who
lost his life at the same time, by a cannon
ball striking him in the side. The destruction
of the parts is plainly visible.
The sixth body is that of a workman,
who fell from the steeple of the church
when near its completion?four hundred
years ago?and broke his neck. Owing to
this accident, the peculiar properties of this
1 vault became known; for the body of the
: deceased workman was laid in this vault for
a few days, and having evinced no signs of
decomposition, the singularity of the fact
induced the authorities to permit it to re'
main, and here it has remained during all
j that time.
! The seventh is the bodv of an F.norliRli
~ ~ o
| lady, who died 130 years since of acancor
i on tho lower jaw; the ravages of the disI
ease are still perceptible in tho ulcerated
1 flesh.
The eighth is the body of a working man,
who has lain here for sixty years.
In a marble sarcophagus, standing in tho
middle of the vault, are said to repose the
mortal remains of the Swedish Chancellor,
Van Englcbretchen; but they are not permitted
to bo exposed to public view, on account
of some still surviving relatives of the
family.
Each of these bodies retains to a great
degree the appearance peculiar to itself in
life. Thus tho Swedish General was a short,
round faced man, inclined to corpulency;
his aid-de-camp was a slender, well-proportioned
man, in tho prime of life. As in
j general appearance, so also in facial expres
j won Uo those bodies diller; the parchmentlike
skin, though drawn tightly over the
bones, still shows something of the manner
in which the muscles beneatli onco worked.
The only reasonable solution of the peculiarity
of this result (for no other church
possesses it) that I have heard, is that hero
all the plumber's work of-the building was
executed, in inciting nud otherwise preparing
the materials of the roof. We can on;
ly suppose, then, that the entire chamber
became so surcharged with lead, that "it has
continued ever since to give forth vapor.6,
which, forming an antiseptic chemical compound
of lead, have operated upon the cadavera
exposed to its influence.
N. L. Oampbki.l, M. Dt
Surgeon of the Stepmsuip Washington.
Imprisonment fob Debt.?The new
law of Massachusetts, abolishing imprisonment
for debt, werft into operation on the
4th instant There were 'poor debtor*
set free by the new law,:to enjoy their freedom
and celebrate th^nmlrerwy of their
country's indopendenpe^'.^Begides the above
freed ones, over two hundred caDtives. im
prisoned for non-payment of fines and costs,
were set free by orders from the police
court.
A lad in a state of mental absence, gavo
three cheers for stare, and stripes during
school houjrs, and perceived bit error when
he |?1-the stripes, without jstam. ^
V.V /'"..J
? ' *>" v? '. '*
a' ' '<-? s,~-jK)L- v*w
J i
Oar Internal Improvements.
In 1828 there were 3 miles of railroads
in the United States; in 1830 41; in1
1840 2,107; in 1850 7365; in 1853 17,!
317.
J In 1853 Great Britain had 7,686 milee
of railroad; Germany 5,340; France 2,480.
According to this estimate, we had'
in 1854, at the time the census report was
made up, over 1,800 miles more of railroad
thpr <?r<vt Britain, Germany and Franco
Combined.
The number of miles of railway now in
operation on tbe surface of the glole is 35,480,
anil of this amount the Eastern Hemisphere
has 10,890 ; the Western 18,590.
Africa has 25 miles of railroad ; Spain
00 ; South America 60; Panama 31; Swedeu
75; Italy 170; India 100; Island of
Cuba 359.
New York has expended over $94,000,000
in railroads; i?ennsylvauia over $58,000,000;
Massachusetts over $55,000,000
Ohio over 44,000,000; Maryland over 26,000,000;
Illinois over 25 and Indiana over"
$22,000,000; Georgia over $16,000,000;'
New Hampshire over $16,000,000; Vgr- , - ymont
over $ 14,000.000 : Vircnnia nvorftlO
000,000, and South Carolina over 311,000,- " '
TLe total cost of railroad construction in
the United States is $489,603,126. The
funded debt was ?130,000,000. The gross
earnings were 838.356,632. The number %
of railroads in the United States is 396.
Miles in construction now 12,626.
Ohio has in operation, 2,367 miles of
railroad; New York, 2,345; Pennsylvania,.
1,464; Massachusetts, 1,283; IndiAna, 1,127;
Illinois, 1,262; Georgia, 884; Virginia,
673; Connecticut, 669.
Illinois is now constructing 1,945 miles
of railroad; Ohio, 1,578; Virginia, 1,180 ;
Missouri. 963 Ppnnevlmronio OQ*T T- JJ
- f 1 ? MJ fUUlMf OUI ) JLIIU1"
ana, 748; Tennessee, 069 ; Alabama, 659 ;
New 'York, 546. k '
Pennsylvania Las 64 railroads: Ohio,
46 ; Massachusetts, 43; New York, 32 ; Illinois
25 ; Virginia.21.
New York has 880 milee of canals;
Pennsylvania, 936 ; Ohio, 921; Kentuoky,
486 ; Indiana, 367; Virginia, 189; Maryland,
184; New- Jersey, 147; MasaachU-*
setts and Indiana, each 100; Louisiana,
101.
There are 4,798 miles of canals in the .
TJnite^l Stated. A report of 2,356 miles of
canals shows a coet of $54,076,936.
There were in 1853,89 telegraphic lines,
with 23,261 miles of wire, but at the present
time it is supposed, that there are over
30,000 miles of wire.
Montgomery (Ala.) Times.
A Beautiful Sentiment.
'The moon looks calmly down when man is
dying,
The earth still holds her way ;
Flowers breathe their perfume, and the winds
keep sighing;
Naught seems to pauso or stay." "
?Clasp the hands meekly over the still *
breast?they've no more work to do; close ,
tho weary eyes?they've no more tears to .
shed; part the damp locks?there's no
more pain to bear. Closed is the car aliko 5
to love kind voice, and calumpy stinging
whispers.
u, it in tbal stilled heart you have ruthlessly
planted a thorn ; if from that pleading
eye you have carelessly turned away ;
if your loving glance, and kindly spoken *
word have come?All too late!?then God
forgive you! No frown gathers on the .
marble brow as you gaze?no scorn curls
the chiseled lip?no flush of wounded feelings
mounts to'the blue veined temples .
now. *
God forgive you ! for your feet, too, must
shrink appalled from death's cold river?
your faltering tongue asks: "Can this bev '
death?" Y our fading eye lingers lovingly <
on the sunny earth ; your clammy 'b$nd
yields its last feeble flutter.
O, rapacious grave! yet anothorx victimfor
thy hopeless keeping 1 ' "What!' 'nowords
of greeting from the household sleepers?
No warm welcome from a sister'? loving
lips ? No throb of pleasure from tho- r^
dear maternal bosom? ^ "V
Silent all! / ' /'*
O, if these broken limbs were never gathered
up! If 'beyond death's swelUng ncjpd' >
there were no eternal shore!, If,for"- the
fitrilfflinfr KirV thnro wnra n'n nnrt *
rr, - O ;? 7~ ry" "" * 1 75
If athwart that lowering ^toua sprang no> ^ \
bow of promise I . * i-^
Aid* for love if this be T ~0.
An J naught beyond?ou enrtli.
Gallant Robber.?Accounts from Mex
ico state that the dilligence between. Toluca
and Morelia had been stopped by fobbers, . arid
tho uasseng^rs plundered of about $2,- . * ^
000. llie affair was done in the mbst g6nteel
Bjngner.A lady passenger hq^*tfftg-l*4')"'
uf great value on ber nnger/ wbic^^|fljfflP v*
the robbeta strove in vain to get ofl^ , rloaing
ho coitfd not shcceed, he th$ N '
dy to keep her baubl# in ftawmbiftnce of
en," said the crotaVntly pious Dr. Watts, jj
there ^ some whota ^'t*d 1
, i (*' 1