" V- : v."" ? ... ? \:?y- -~ : .
THE St'MTKK WATCHMAN. Est
'-"-~ ^
CONSOLIDATED AUG. 2,
NAVY SECOND
JO NONE
Annual Report of Sec
retary of Navy Rec
ommends That the
American Naval
Force Be Maintain
ed at Maximum
Strength
Washington. Dec. 3.?A general
naval policy providing for a navy
"second to none" and strong enough
to support American policies and.
commerce and guard American
continental and overseas posses- i
eions was laid down today by Sec- i
retary Denby in his anual report
to congress.
Such a navy, the. secretary said,
should and could " be maintained
within the provisions of the Naval
Limitation Treaty, He added that
although the present naval estab
lishment was deficient in certain
types, he would make no imme
diate recommendation for addition
al appropriations because of the
present, financial condition of the
country.
Among the accomplishments of.
his department during the "past
year pie navy secretary recounted
"the development of aviation as an
integral part of the fleet,** diversion
of a greater percentage of repair
work to government stations, in
creased steaming efficiency of bat
. tie craft, return of the officer per
sonnel to a permanent basis after
the temporary enlargement during
the war, an extension of the navy
school facilities for enlisted- men.
and inauguration of extensive and
advance experiments in ' gunnery.
He praised the record of the ma
rine corps during the year, saying
that previous high standards of. the
corps, had been'maintained fully.
The statement of general policy
contained in the report was drawn
up by the navy general board, and
was said by the secretary to be in
his opinion not only sound in the
present circumstances but useful
"for all times and under all con
ditions." The major premise of
the policy was this:- ^ ~-~^x
"The navy of the jpnited States
should be maintained in sufficient
strength to support its policies and
its commerce, and to guard its
continental and overseas posses
sions."
As a corrolary to his basic prin
ciple, and in view of the Naval
Limitation Treaty terms, the gen
eral, board further adopted this
statement of purpose:
"To create, maintain, and oper%
?ate a navy second to none and in
conformity with the ratios for cap
ital ships established^'by the treaty
for limitation of naval armaments.
"To make the capital ship ratios
the basis of building effort in all
classes of fighting ships.
'To direct the principal air ef
fort on that part of the air service
that is to operate from*ships of the
ti fleet.
"To assemble the active fleet at
least once a year for a, period of
not less than three months .
"To maintain an acttyf person
nel afloat in conformity with the
ratios for capital ships established
by the treaty for the limitation of
naval armament.
'To maintain the marine corps
personnel at a strength sufficient
for current requirements.
"To make every effort, both
ashore and afloat at home ancT
abroad,' to assist the development
of American interests,, and especial
ly the American merchant marine.
"To create, organize, and train
a naval reserve force sufficient to
provide the supplementary person
nel necessary to mobilize the fleet
and all its auxiliaries.
"To make the navay reserve se
cure in its status and organization
as a part of the navy and to guard
its interests.
'To cultivate a close association
of officers of the active navy and of}
the navai reserve.
"To give to the public all infor
mation not incompatible with
military secrecy.
'To have always in mind that a
system of outlying naval and com
mercial bases suitably distributed,
developed, and defended ie one of
the most important elements of na
tional strength."
The secretary, commenting on
this declaration in connection with
his discussion of the results of the
Armaments Conference, said that
the navy department has been "en
tirely in sympathy" with the pur
poses of the conference, and pre
dicted that the benefits of eliminat
ing competitive navy construction
will be realized more and more
fully as the years go by.
"For the first time in the history
of our country-," he said, "the navy
and congress have 'a definite naval
policy and building and mainten-1
ance standard to work to, a stand- I
ard which is proportionate to our j
position as a world power. The
maintenance of this standard in!
all respects is necessary to our de- i
fense and to our prestige.; * * *
"In the past, owing to the lack I
of a definite naval policy, and to |
the more pressing need for build- j
ing up our naval strength in,, cap
ital ships, it has been impossible to
maintain a well-rounded navy- I
feel it my duty to report to you
that in certain types roch as fast
abflshed April, 1850.
1881,_
BANDITS "1
CAPTURE i
SHANTUNG;
- !
j Territory That Japan
Has Held Now the
Stronghold of Rob
bers
Tientsin. Dec. 5.?The Chinese
bandits have taken control of
Thing-tao Shantung port in Kiaw
chow. according to reports receiv- j
ed here. The population is report
ed to be fleeing. Police sent from
here are reported to have * been
driven out. The bandits, the tele
grams say, demand one hundred
thousand dollars ransom for the
officials and police they have cap
l tured. Kiawchow was seized by
Germany in 1898. as the result of
the Boxer troubles and was to
have been turned over to China to
day by Japan.
The Federal Court
' Charleston. Dec. 5.?True bills
' were returned against the follow
ing defendants charged with vio
lating the anti-naf cotic laws: R. M.
Tidmarsh, Riehland county: Chas.
S. Kingsmore, Sumter county:
Ernest V. Keehe. Sumter county;
Sterling B. Merriman. Sumter
county, and Charles Herriott Sum
ter county.
cruisers, aircraft carriers, seagoing
submarines and aircraft, the navy
is deficient.
"It is not my intention this year,
having in mind the financial condi
tion of the country, to make any
recommendations for an increase
in the navy, but I recommend
that as soon as conditions warrant,
congress be asked for such an in
crease as will tend to balance our
fleet and make and keep it the
equal or* any in the world."
The navy secretary reported that
during the fiscal year 376 naval
vessels., including six second line
battleships, and "173 first line de
stroyers.- had been placed out of
commission, and continued:
"This' sweeping reduction was
necessitated by the cutting down of
the "enlisted" strength-of "-the navy
to ? total authorized strength of
86,000 men. All the battleships not
retained in the treaty on the limi
tation of armament, and a number
of other vessels, on account of
their material condition, have been
placed out or ordered out of com
mission to be either scrapped or
sold. A large number of vessels
were deconimissioned with a view
to retaining them in good condi
tion for future service. The 173
destroyers, first line, are practical
ly new vessels constructed during
the war, and great care was taken
in decommissioning them so that
they should suffer the least possible
deterioration during the period
that they will lie idle at our naval
bases at Philadelphia. Pa., and San
Diego, California."
Because of "frequent changes
and unsettled conditions" Mr.
Denby said, it had been impossible ?
to maintain permanency in the of
ficer personnel. All temporary
commissions had been terminated,
he said, by the end of the fiscal .
y<Jtr, and the regular roster of au- ;
thorized line officers stood at 4,
436 as compared to an authorized \ .
total of 5.499. The number of en-j
listed men in the service at the
end of the year on June 30, last,}
was 89.513, it having been im
practicable to entirely meet by that
time the reduction to 86.000 order
ed by congress. The naval reserve
numbered 5,340 officers and 10,
966 men.
The secretary* made no recom
mendation for a change in the law j
regarding the personnel of the .
regular establishment, but he urged ,
that the pending measure for re- ,
organization of the resrve be passed
"to stabilize the reserves and pro- -
vide for a healthy increase in their
numbers and activities."
Because of the reduced activities
of the navy, Mr. Denby said, the ;
civilian force had been reduced :
from 81,562 on June 30, 1921, to
54.068 on June 30. 1922. cutting
the salary roll almost in half.
Recounting some of the accom
plishments of the air arm of the
navy curing the year. Mr. Denby
said:
"The development of aviation as j
an integral part of thf fleet, with
types of aircraft suited to every
need of the naval forces, has been :
the outstanding feature of the past!
year in naval aeronautics. Th" j
rapid strides that have been made]
in organization and development
work have fully justified the Es
tablishment of the bureau of aero
nautics, and the work of this bu
reau is also reflected in the gen
eral contribution that has been j
made to the advancement of in- I
dustrial and commercial aviation I
.... I
in this country.
In concluding his report, the
secretary spoke a word for a fully i
developed merchant marine, declar
ing it essential to the proper func
tioning of the navy.
"There is perhaps no subject of :
more vital interest to th<* navy de- (
partment." he said, "nor one to J
which more earnest attention is giv- 1
en than the reestablishment of the j
American merchant marine. The j
ability of the navy successfully to J
defend the nation demands mer-!
'chant auxiliaries."
lBe Just and Fear
NATIONAL WAR
WAGED ON THE
COTTON PESTS
Southern Cotton Com
mission Decides toj
Organize on Perma
nent Basis to Carry
on Campaign in In
terest of Cotton
Memphis. Dec. 5.?Permanent
organization of the Southern Cot
ton commission, which for two
years has operated as an unoffi
cial body, to consider the prob
lems of the cotton growers and to
suggest remedies for many of the
ills from which the industry has
suffered, was unanimously decid
ed upon at the closing session
here late today of the Southern
Cotton congress.
Legislation providing for the
continuance of the organization
with its membership named by the
governors or legislatures of the,
cotton producing states was draft-j
ed and approved and will be sub- ;
mitted to the various legislatures
at the earliest possible moment..
Taking for granted the adoption
of such legislation, the permanent
organization was formed with R.
O. Everett. Durham, X. C, asi
chairman and Thomas B. King of
Memphis, as secretary.
A legislative * program for the j
cotton producing states, whihc;
will have the backing of the com
mission and which looks toward
closer cooperation of the states
with the United States department
of agriculture in all matters relat
ing to the eradication or control of
crop pests, quarantine laws and
also for making the recommenda
tions of the department and of the
cotton commission effective in the
various states, was drafted and ap
proved. *
It was the understanding of the:
delegates, officers said, that each j
state would seek to have adopted j
that part of this. legislative program j
which was needed to supplement or j
strengthen existing laws, or which :
might .be made necessary by de-!
^elbpments in the future.
The commission went on record j
as strongly, .indorsing any legisla- j
tion that would provide for more
research work, both by the depart- j
tnent of agriculture and the states
which would aid the cotton grower !
in increasing or improving his j
yield or in the control of insect
pests. The pressing need for addi- 1
tional experimental stations for the |
study of cotton enemies and dis- j
eases was stressed. '
At the closing session, Secretary;
ot Agriculture Wallace pledged
the support of his department to
the proposed plans for aiding the
cotton groweis.
The situation brought about by
the limited supply of calcium ar
senate, the most effective poison
yet found in fighting the boll wee
vil, was discussed at length. Gov
ernment experts had warned that
:he arsenafce supply in sight,
would suffice to treat only a small!
percentage of the cotton area in
:he south.
Resolutions adopted provide for
!he appointment of a special com
mittee from the cotton commis
jion to cooperate with the United
States department of agriculture
md the various state officials in
securing the largest possible sup
ply of arsenate. Where an ade- \
[?uate supply of the poison is not !
available to cotton growers the!
resolutions urge that cultural di
rections found by the department!
>f agriculture to control to some'
extent the ravages of the weevil be j
idopted by the planter. The meas- j
ares involve early planting, the
>lanting of the same variety in |
;ach community, heavy fertilization
md the destruction of the cotton
stalks as soon as possible after the
:otton is picked.
In connection with the spread of!
he pink boll worm the resolutions j
-ecommend immediate and drastic j
action to control the movement of j
Lhe pest and all states not having!
?igid quarantine laws governing j
;he control of insect pests are urg- i
?d to adopt measures similiar to'
:hat now in effect in Texas. In [
connection with this pest, estab
lishment of "non cotton growing!
-ones" is suggested wher?"-er nec
essary with arrangement for the!
adequate compensation of the j
:>wn<Ts for losses sustained.
More stringent laws governing
and safeguarding the purity and)
standards of all insecticides used in1
lighting cotton pests are suggested.!
and the statutes of Alabama on this!
subject are cited as worthy of'
adoption by other states. j
The resolutions highly commend ?
the work of the bureau of cn-J
tomoloKV of the United States de-!
partment of agriculture in cooper-j
ating with growers in the cam-\
paign against enemies of the cotton i
plant und urge that the appropria
tions for the research and experi- j
mental v.??rk of this bureau be i
largely increased by congress, j
Closer cooperation between the {
Prowers of Cotton and the forces of i
the department of agriculture is
also urped.
Efforts of the department to]
work out ;? ooli'-v. which would
prove most serviceable to every de
partment of the cotton industry, in
cluding the grower, ithe buyer and
seller and the warehousemen, were,
described by Secretary Wallace,
who addressed an aujdience. of del
I
Not?Let all the ends Thou Aims't i
Sumter, S. C, Satur
CRISIS IN
PROHIBITION
j ENFORCEMENT
Commissioner Haynes
Asks Appropriation
of $9,000,000 For En-j
f orcement Next
Year?3,800 Agents
Now Employed
"Washington. Dec. 6?More dif
ferent issues of counterfeit money
were found during last year than
in 'the previous two, Chief Moran
of tlie Secret Service told the house
appropriations committee, accord
ing to reports of the bearings made
public .today. Much of it was used
by bootleggers in buying whiskey, i
Liquor in distilleries and bonded?
.warehouses on, June 30th totalled
38,826,195 gallons, the internal rev
enue bureau told the committee.
This was a reduction of nearly
three and a hair million gallons
In the year.
Prohibition Commissioner Haynes
in hie testimony before the commit
tee declared that a crisis has been
reached in prohibition enforce
ment. He said thirty eight hun
dred men are now employed. He
asked for nine million dollars for
next year, saying a reduction from
this sum ought to be posisble '.n
five or six years. Convictibnc in
federal courts of liquor law vio
lators totalled over twenty thou
sand in the year.
FREE STATE
PROCLAMATION
King George Issues Formal
Notice of Inauguration of
New State ^ i
London, Dsc. 6.?King George
today signed the proclamation
giving effect to the Irish Free state.
He formally appointed Timothy .E,
Healy to be Irish governor gener
al.
IRELAND BECOMES
A COMMONWEALTH
Dublfh, Dec. 6.-?Ireland today
became a commonwealth. Parlia
ment and cabinet of the Irish Free
State took charge and the British
flag was furled.
Chicago* Dec. 6.?The soft coal
operators and 'the miners' union
representatives today reopened the
wage scale negotiations at a meet
ing here. On the outcome of . the
conference depends the possibility
of another strike next April. >
egates to the conference ana nun-,
dreds of cotton men . from sur
rounding states.
Mr. Wallace admitted that the
cotton problem, so far as his de
partment had gone into it. had
proved larger -than had been ex
pected.
The problems of the cotton men
in the south are of almost equal
importance to the people of the
north for whenever anything oc
curred to cut down the cotton crop
of the south the purchasing pow
re of the people of this section was j
correspondingly reduced and the
result was felt by the manufac
turers and farmers of every other]
part of the country, he said.
"In nearly every section," Mr.
Wallace said, "there seems to be
an almost continuous crisis with
respect to the dominant crop, es
pecially during the last 18 months,
during which we have experienced
one of the greatest agricultural de
pressions in many years."
And. he declared, "each section
thinks that its problem is the
worst."
The secretary told the delegates
that the south, so far as its agri
cultural products are concerned,
had reooveied first and that cotton
was the first crop to get back to its
old time pr'"?m.
Discussing the insect pests which
have ravaged the cotton crops of
the south in recent years, Secre-1
tary Wallace said that he viewed
the situation as "hopeful," and j
urged the cotton men not to get im
patient. He asked for the passage
of more stringent state quaran
tine laws, which he said would aid
the department in stamping out
or preventing the spread of many
pests.
Secretary Wallace assured the
delegates that when the scientific
men of th<? department get to-1
gether on the problems involved,
the result of their investigations
would be submitted to the practical
cotton men for -their approval and
will be modified as much as seem
ed necessary.
"Thon," concluded, "we will J
havo ;? cotton policy which ran he I
confidently backed by all of us."
Plans tor extension of the facili
ties for warehousing cotton under
the provisions of the federal ware
housc licensing act were explained
to the delegates in an address at
the terminal warehouse here by H.
S. Vohe of the federal warehouse
license bureau. I
Mr. Vohe explained how the j
warehouse man r-ould benefit under
the provisions of the act and went
into details regarding the issuance
Of negotiable certificates by bond
Jed warehouses and the methods
adopted under the act for grading
and classifying cotton.
[ an
it be thy Country's, Thy God's and
day, December 9t 1922
THE NATION'S
RESOURCES
SHOULD BE USED
Secretary Fall Recom
mends R?pid Ex
ploitation and Utili
zation of Natural!
Resources of the
Country <
Washington, Dec. 5.?Use and
development of the country's nat
ural resources under control of the
interior department have con
tributed in great measure to nat
ional stabilization and prosperity,
Secretary Fall declared today in his
annual report. The secretary list
ed the more outstanding of these
contributions as opportunities for
home making upon public lands by
returned soldiers and other citi
zens: the discovery of new oil
fields; . development of existing
fields and increasing production of
oil and its products; the exploita
tion of coal deposits, and the open
ing of mines in the western states.
Incidentally, the interior secre-.
tary declared, these developments
have resulted in very substantial
cash returns to the federal treas
ury and to the various states in
which these mineral resources have
been developed under leading laws.
The outstanding administrative
accomplishment of the department
during the fiscal year ended last
June 30 was declared to be the
reaching almost of current work
in both the land office and the
pension office. The examination
of final homestead ? proofs is cur
rent in the former office, a situa
tion which has not existed for
.many years, the secretary said.
This, he added, has already result
ed in placing in the hands of the
people assets valued at more than
$30.000,000 and has been* done
without, increase in force of that
office and in the face of greatly in
creasing work.
" Wider extension of the reclama
tion policy in former arid lands
of the west was recommended in
the report, which showed ? that
while funds were restricted for that
work the.achievements of the rec
lamation service justified the con
tinuation of the reclamation pol
icy. One new irrigation project
was started ? despite lack of funds,
and the total value of crops raised
on reclaimed lands was estimated
at more than $475,000,000.. The
benefits in the way of making
homes, increase of food produc
tion and addition to the national
wealth by the reclamation of lands
make that work of great value in
return to prosperity, the report as
serted.
Education of Indians, which falls
to the lot of the interior depart
ment, has been greatly promoted.
The attendance at Indian schools
for the past year was 3,000 greater
than in any previous year. A spe
cial effort to provide greater health
facilities to the Indian through
more hospitals and more extensive
nursing service was made.
More than 130,000 pensions
claims were disposed of during the
year by the bureau of pensions, and
99.000 applications for pensions,
the accumulation in March 1921,
were handled, practically bringing
that work to date. The total
number of pensioners on the rolls
at the end of the fiscal year was
547,016. being 19,037 less than the
previous year. The amount dis
bursed for pensions was $253,807,
583. Increasing efficiency in this
service was attested to by the de
crease in the cost of adjudication
and payment.
A record breaking number of
applications for patents in this
country was received by the pat
ent office, more than 113.500. This
has caused great need of increas
ed office forces, and if the increase
in .the work continues at the rate
of the past three years, the direc
tor reported, it may be necessary
further to augment the number of
employes. The patent office is a
self-supporting institution, Mr. Fall
pointed out. adding that last year
the receipts of the office were
$172.000 greater than expenses.
The plaj'grounds of the nation,
its national park and monuments,
were visited by a record breaking
number of persons. More than 1,
216.000 citizens of every state and
territory in the union, its posses
sions and many foreign countries
viewed the wonders of nature pre
served in these parks.
Provision for storage of oil
drawn from government oil wells
in the west, to allow for keeping
greater quantities of crude oil. was
recommended in the report, in
order that the government, which
is forced to sell its oil royalties
monthly, may take advantage of
better markets by holding back its
stocks. Provision for more stor
;ikc tanks, such as private com
panies have* in the fields, is abso
lutely necessary, it was said. Un
der this system, Mr. Fall stated,
the government's oils tend to beat
down the price in periods of de
pression, to the injury of the con
sumer. To the extent, that the gov
ernment is obliged to take part in
business, it should through its in
fluence toward stabilization rather
than toward demoralization of the
industry, he said.
"'ointing out the government
takes its royalties from oil land
leases in the form of crude orl, Mr.
Fall said returns from this source
TEN BIG
BOOTLEGGERS
NDICTED
Liquor Runners Be-j
fore the Federal
Court in Charleston,
South Carolina
Charleston, Dec. 5.?ML. S. Sulli
van, C. B. (Tobie) Hernandez, A.
H. Walker and H: E. Walker of
Charleston, Edward Trattner of
New York, Louie Kantor of De
troit, Fred E. Cummings and Pete
Cross, addresses not known, were
today indicted in; the- United States
district court for conspiracy to vio
late the national prohibition laws.
The government charges that
these men have been .'handling li
quor on a very large scale.
These cases grow, out of two ma
jor seizures of whiskey near Char
leston, June 23. a lighter loaded
with more than 2(H) barrels of
whiskey, camouflaged as white po
atoes. ,.bearing a- pr-oduce farmer's
brand, was confiscated by state and
federal enforcement officers off
Sfono river. July 14, a solid car
load of whiskey, shipped as lum
ber apparently to a Canadian
town, wa3 confiscated up the Coop
er river. More than 15.000 quarts
were netted in these two seizures.
Sullivan, as a result of the light
er seizure, was charged in the
United States court with violating
the prohibition law and in the state
court of violating the terms of a
suspended sentence resulting from
a plea of guilty in the circuit court.
At the hearing of the latter Sulli
van was declared to be absent from
Charleston but the hearing pro
ceeded in his .absence. It was la
ter ruled that Sullivan should
serve his penitentiary sentence.
He- has taken an appeal to the
state supreme court. At this hear
ing it was charged that Sullivan
had approached a prohibition of
ficer for the purpose of saving the
liquor cargo..
In connection with the conspir
acy-case, hearings have, been held
in Chicago and New York for
Kantor and Trattner, respective
ly. District Attorney J. D. Emst
Myer and- State. Prohibition Officer
John JT.-- ^a4ey^^^ciaUi^_attended
the hearings. The government
charges that, the .accused men have
been smuggling whiskey from for
eign ports and that a very great
quantity of contraband has been
destroyed.
It has not. been announced
whether Sullivan and the other de
fendants will be tried at this term:
of court.
. ?''. ''. ? ? ??
Football back? are very forward
young men.
during the year amounted to $7,
800.000. while , in the fiscal year
$22,500,000 was received by the
Indian tribes from royalties on oil
produced from Indian owned lands.
Reports'of; the governors -of
Alaska and Hawaii, summarized in
the interior report, review the pro
gress of the two territories during
the year.
Governor Bone; of Alaska, noted
that a steady increase in exports
and imports foreshadowed re
turning prosperity and . said that
with encouragement a strong tide
of immigration might have set in.
He added that however, until min
ing was inaugurated on a large
scale and industries started the
population could not be expected to
increase greatly. The governor
submitted a long list of recom
mendations urging that jurisdiction
over the whole of Alaska ex
cepting the fisheries be vested in
the interior department; that
branch lines and spurs be built to
the Alaska railroad; that all law
enforcing agencies be consolidat
ed under the department of jus
tice; that control of the fisheries
be taken over by the bureau of
fisheries of the department of com
merce, and the formulation of a
colonization plan:
Governor Farrington, of Hawaii,
reported that during the twelve
months, ended #last June the Pacific
territory passed through one of
the most critical financial period?
in its history and that while gen
eral business conditions had im
proved the agricultural labor sit
uation still was serious. One of
the foremost of his recommenda
tions was passage by congress of
the Hawaii emergenry labor reso
lution or some similar legislation
to provide workers and at the same
time bring the racial population
of the territory more nearly into
balance.
Production of helium, the non
inflamable gas substitute for hydro- '
?en ;n lighter-than-air craft, is un- j
ier the jurisdiction of the interior I
iepartment and under legislation j
notable progress has been made by j
the bureau of. mines in perfecting!
methods of separating helium from
natural gas. in which it occurs.
The most serious situation fac
ing the department is the low scale
of salaries, the secretary asserted.
One of the bureaus of the depart
ment was organized in 1812 and
another in 1S32 and since those
dates the salary schedule for em
ployes has not been revised. Be
cause -employes can earn more in
other departments and in outside
industries, the loss and turnover
has become demoralizing. Speedy
legislation to increase salaries is
sorely needed, he said. '
THE TRUE SOTT
OViET RUSSIA I
ALLIED WITH 1
THE TURKS
Demand of Kemalists
For Control of Dar
danelles Supported
by Bolshevist Dele
gates at Conference
Lausanne, Dec. 4 (By the Asso
ciated Press).?The fundamental
position of Russia on the question
of the status to be given the Bos
phorus, the Sea of Marmora and'
the Dardanelles was outlined by
Foreign Minister Chicherin, who
read a prepared statement in
French, of which the following .pf
ficial summary was given out this
afternoon:
"The Russian delegation will
strive to attain two objects?first,
?quality of the positions and rights
of Russia and her allies, the Uk
raine and Georgia, with the posi
tions and rights of the other pow
ers; second, safeguarding of the
peace and security of the Russian
j erritories and liberty of their eco
nomic relations with the other pow
ers." ?
M. Chicherin conceded that per
manent liberty of commercial navi
gation and pacific maritime com
munications in the Bosphorus. the
Sea of Marmora and the Dardanel
les must be assured in the most ab
.solute manner and without restric
tions. He said: "Maintenance of
neace on the i-ttack sea and the se
curity of its coasts, peace in the
Near East and the security of-Con
stantinople slioj;d be guaranteed
in a durable manner. This means
that the Dardmelles and .the Bos
phorus, in time of peace as in
time of war. o^ght to be constant
ly closed to t:kv warships :and arm
ed vessels, is veil as the mihtary;
airplanes, of all countries except
Turkey, only in this way can' lib
erty of peaceful navigation in these
I waters be effectually guaranteed.^'
M. Chicherin continued by saying
I that the Russian government start
ed with the elementarv fact that
j the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles
belong to Turkey and . .that fficr
Turkish?i?eop1e~uiy^ifllllLd to full
sovereignty over their territory and
waters^
Could Defend Waters.
M. Chicherin 3aid Turkey could
effectively defend her waters
against attack by possessing the
right to fortify and arm her coasts
?>y possessing a fleet of warships
and by utilizing for her defense
every technical means of modern;
waref?.re.
M. Chicherin then passed?o what
was interpreted as an allusion to
England. He said:
"Closing the straits to other war- j
chips conforms to the principle of
equality between states. Throwing
them open will give a prepondera
ting position to the strongest mari
time power."
Russia and her allied republics.
M. Chicherin, argued, had no ag
gressive, bellicose of militaristic:
designs against the liberty of other
peoples; therefore they were in aj
peculiar position to watch over the !
.interests of the working masses
and to contribute to the world's
economic development. Their so
lution was the only, possible so
lution of the straits problem.
. The Russian leader added: "Sov- j
iet Russia in annulling without com-]
pensation the agreements touch-j
ing upon the return of Constanti
ople to Russia, and in liberating all
the countries on the Mediterranean
basin from the former menace and
ambitions of czari3m, will never
permit a settlement of the straits
question which would menace Rus
sia's own security."
He emphasized the importance of
the straits for the economic pros
Parity of the Soviet federation. Inj
1S10 more than 70 per cent, of the|
entire Russian wheat exportation
passed through the ports of the
Clack sea and Sea of Azov.
Protects Russia's Interests.
He- said that, from the standpoint
of de'enre. this straits solution!
alone protected the vital elemen-j
tary interests of Russia and her al-j
lies, and added: j
"Tt suffices only to recall that it;
was thanks to the free passage of;
the straits by the naval forces of,
a!! the allies that the entente pow-j
ers were able to organize in South-j
ern Russia the armies of Denikinei
and Wrangel and to help them in;
their war against the Russian gov-'
ernmcnt."
M. Chicherin cited passages from!
the Turkish national pact, which in
sist* upon the necessity of safe
guarding the security of Constanti-f
nople and the Sea of Marmora and
which also says the Angora govern-,
ment is ready to enter an agreement}
assuring the opening of the straits'
to world commerce and interna- ?
tional communications.
To him the security of Constan-j
tinople necessarily meant the clos-i
ing of the straits to the warships of
the other powers. He said:
"The Russian delegation is con
vinced that the situation now ex-;
isfinsr in the straits should make
way for the permanent equitable
regime which Russia and Turkey
suggest. If certain governments
having naval and land forces at
the entrance to the Black sea are
nourishing hopes not founded on(
stern realities, we would like to
THRON, Established Jone 1. IS??.
VOL. LDL NO. 34
COTTON "
MARKETING
ASSOCIATION
Deliveries of Cotton by
Members Continue
Heavy, Officers Re-;
port
Columbia, Dec. 5.?Notwrthsiand-.?
ing the cotton season is well .ad
vanced deliveries to the South Car- -
olina Cotton Growers' Cooperative
Association continue very heavy.:,
officials of that ? organisation saidV .;
today. Many of the members of-;
the association have .delayed -gin- .
ning until after all of their cotton,
was picked. Much of this late ginr "
ning,is being done how*and this is
helping to swell the daily re
ceipt.
Another important factor, in
swelling the deliveries *at thi^'
time is the decision of many o^the^i
members of the association to turnv.
over their old cotton to the asso
ciation. ' Ther? has been very-gen
eral satisfaction1., it is said, amoug
the members of the association
with the'manner in which the or
ganisation -is ...functioning, and .this
has caused-many.of them to deliv
er,all of their old cotton to it.
The largest delivery of old cotton
was made by John P. Kirven of
Darlington, who delivered to the
association 1,173 bales of oSdvcojt-J;
ton. Others who have delivered:
large lots of. old cotton are E:
Culler, of Orangeburg. J. M. T-?ng^J
of Easley, C. J. Martin/of Black
ville, Clarence Cunningham of Wal- ^
terboro, JI P. Williams of McCon- *
r.ellsville.- the state of South Caro
lina and hundreds of others.
Delivery of old cotton to tire as-*
sociation is optional with the grow
ers, but many of the members tak?*^
the position that if cooperative;
marketing is good for the "I92?, {
1923. 1924, 102i> and 192? crops k
o?ght to be good for the old cotton-;
too. . Association officials' also
point out that every bale of Cot
ton marketed through the assocla
I tion removes that much - cotton*
from -the. . open market, cotton
which, otherwise would. be sold^ in |
competition with the association's >
j cotton "anil f bus would be hdpisjg-r^
j to defeat- tthe* voty purpose $eg?
|w^ich*1EhX;ass^fation has. bee^,,
f?jrmed.
?A third-.contributing factor to '
the maintenance of the heavy de.
i liveries the . association onwiafe
isay, is thel'fact that many growers^
.are signing* the -contract dally ahd>'
j turning- over old and /y**?
to the association. During tne?w?rc
Saturday, December 2nd e^giit
large growers of the state
the contract and delivered new
old cotton.
One of the large deliveries- made
in the Piedmont section recently
was by J:?. M. Long, one? 61 theC
largest planters of Anderson co^ft-t
|ty.'. Mr. .Ikmg delivered 3?K> hafta^
I at one time to the association at
? Easley. 2?0 bales were of ; the/ "
j 192" crop: ?.fr. Lo?>g has r.rad-e a
; thorough study of the eo-opera-,
I live plan and believes it ? to"~??rv
[the solution of the marketing e?*&
I of the problem.
Organizing Local Units.
I Officials\of the South CarojanaT
; Cotton Growers' Cooperative "as
' socia.tion and of the Tobacco Grow-i,
ers' Co-operative Association aret
cooperating in the organization of
local and "county units. The full/
j support and cooperation of ihe. e^
[tension forces of Clemson; College
[is being given in this, campaign.
I During the. coming week %mee*-t.
lings will be held in ten.county
jthe Pee Dee section for-the-^at^
ganization of the county units. Tfefik
schedule for the week is as fol
lows: Conway and Darhngton; D^
cember 4, at 11 a. !m.; Marion atcd..
Kingstree. December 5 at 11 a; nt^.;
Dillon?and Manning, December;4
I at 11 ?. m.>; Sumfter and Florence,
i December 7 at 11 a. m.; Bishcfp.
Iville, December 8 and Georgetown,
I December 9th.
i Most of the growers in the abo^a
counties who are. members of the
cotton aspociction- are members o?
the tobacco association and vice,
versa so that one Jocal organization
does f<j(t both.
Much enthusi.Tsrr. prevails in
the Pee Dee*-for the Tobacco As
sociation as well as for the cotton
association and the prediction is
beinggmade that next year prac
tically all farmers in that, section
will belong to both organizations.
Washington, Dec. 5.?President
Harding broke precedent today
when he failed to deliver his mes
sage on the second day the new.
congress -was in session.. At the
White B'ouse It was said the date
for his appearance is unset, hut
it is expected the address will, be
completed before the week end.
point out that they are holding
positions which are absolutely un
tenable." w '
M. Chisherin concluded than any
solution based on the presence of
the forces of certain powers in the
straits, and which tends to create-a
preponderating situation for one
power or a group cf powers, wilt
encounter not only the determined
opposition of Russia and her al
lies, but also the opposition of tho
public opinion of all those coun
tries which wish to remove those
causes of conflict in the Near East
which constitute a pern^raent men
ace to peace.