LAVKKNH, OCT. Vth, I885? LOCAL ITEMS. Coi.KS Circus wftl exldtlt at Ncw borry OM thc iSStl inst. Mr. NV. rother, J. M. Mi m i-. Seo Important lund ??Ic? advertised hy thc M Mst cr, hu- Nov? ftihor. lived about n mile from Ulla plueo. He dletl Tues day at ono o'hloek, of Catarrhal Fever. A Pleanant Kv o ni nr. AntlOlpP.tOd. The public are Invited i . H musical en tertainment ut tho Luurousville Kemulc College, ou Friday evening. Mrs. Mn. - NRK and Mis* KINO have tho matter in charge, and wo predict a rare treat. All are respectfully Invited to attend. Court. Court adjourned Friday at half past 1 o'clock a/tnr a busy HOSSloil of two weeks. Tho Jury olvlJ oasea lasted from Monday morning to friday. Judge WITIIRR HPOON left on the <".*., L. .* K. Knilroad forSpartanburg on Friday afternoon, MO n*to . each Cn ion for Court next Mom hi v. A. Litthv Too Previous. Fanners generally IIAVO bein talking an extensively about crop prospect - that thc price of colton opened vory low. Now that the situation has usait med a more definite shape auil it hus been found that tho crop hus been greatly ovoi rutod, it la hoped that prices will bo more liberal. For th?) past week it has Homewhat. Wo Obacrva That if WO ure allowed to" Judge, tho bad weather wc have hud is quite sr in dent for thc present. That it is probable that sonic om? will he "stuck" Oil tho new depot hit, unless a device for preventing mud is Invented before winter. Thal Laurens hus very few young la dies, but those few an - - oh I - so nice. That we have astonished the natives hy our low prices for joh work. That Mr. R. II. Wu.KKK liss painted a neat sign for Compton ?1* Cc's "City Restaurant." That aftnr all our blowing, tho circus hus given os thc reo hy." That groat preparation for our County Fair aro being minto, and it will surely ba a success. That we need ,, building and Loan AssiM'iatloii. That a little slang in H newspaper oc casionally is excusable. That now ls an excellent time to re organize the liHtrary club, which was HO much onJoyOB some time Ago. That if M ad aio Humor bo true, ore long thc AnVKferiHRII cnn have the plea sure of inspi ttilj it?? tlrst marriage no tlco,_I_ -pf, I). Huh?-<.>?, OHO of the oldest nnd moat roslootod*oltfsonft~ of An ta, ls (lend. 1 -KtlmondlA. Waro, president of the Atlanta I ' n i versify, colored, died sudden y of hoar I dbioafle ?rn I'rhlay. - A run ojffcn tito Wo-dorn North Carolin:'. Kaflfoadon Friday canned II smash-up und slJghly injured Hovonil por-^i.s. -Tin1 noiifitlnn of (ion. Uobc-t Toomb-i i H ?-\'t rvrnely critical. There in >u.i{lto be no hope' of lib? n oovory. U>W. H. Eaekoy, of Alexander County, killel achichen, and w hen denning lt ?xeovorod In tho gl/.~ zanl a h?rfr> green ?U??uc, which turned out /my* lt J s w h bo an om ern hi. Pro fessor llidl'u, th? gem expert, lb #1,1700 uncut. County Items, CLINTON. "J." Mr? Fur nun? Pnrrott has returned to < 'linton, unit it lt? understood that ho will 1??> connected with tho ( linton Academy as ono of Its touche rs. Mrs. (tee. A. Uro Wiling, ncc Miss Do ra Kinlock, spent a tow days in town boa Week, visoinu old frleildu, She hus m t altered tn tho len*!, but is ?li?' annie atta ble and modost hidy she over was. [I gives un pain lo nnuonnco thvdcnth of Mr?. T. .J. Duckett. 8ho was a bride of only a fow ?hort mouths, And leaven nu infant babe, besldea ?I ?tidly bereaved hutt band and iitauy other dear IVh nd?, i owens Uro?, luive completed tliclr new ? st< re ?lint arc now occupying il with ? I ulcu lot of i?rotty goods. lt la ahead of any st..rc room ever built lu ( linton, both in KM ext? rind uppeuntuo . mid ternal tirrangomi nt. Tito t linton College IM now fully < *|*,it|>- j ped in all its departments. Thc Misses Prince, Lottie ?owl Laura, <>i' Cheraw, I have arrived, and have orgiiui/a ii elassi s in vocal and instrumental music, to gether with drawing, painting anil enl ist hollies. Kev. I>. P. lloyd, pastor of Hie Clinton circuit, has just closed it protract! I meet ingiii (ho M. H. C'huivh here. Ile was assisted in thu work hy his venerable lat lier, lucie Mark, and also by Itu vs. Harmon, Dixon and Webber. There have been some accessions to the church ; and ipiite a number ol' good sermons j preach? d. Cotton continues tn conic in largo lots | ami is readily Belling al from KJ? toh*j cents per pound. Som? thing more titan j live hundred hales have boon sold in 1 this market since the opening of thc I season. Th.? merchants of Clinton ure in tine spirits, and report fair collections on accounts, ns well as a very good cash I rad e. HIGHLAND I i OMI.. WI Ml K I. M . Miss Kinma Fleming leaves Saturday i tor Col lego at lute Wosf. j Miss Sallie Knight lem es m a few days i iv ir Uroora, w herc she is to take a position aa governess. Thus ono,by ono our girls ! leave. j We MOO the sad picture very often these evenings, of mon "who have ihoilt loo long at thc wino cup" who have looked upon ii while M was reit, ;>.?-. -i:. r np om road ; mon who have boen to Lauri IM to sell cotton. What M wrong? Why have a bitalli dry "dry tick, t? The beautiful .til tevt eV.lx'.lol Mis i Nannie Furgorson, of Clinton, Ima boen visiting Mi? Matti- ll.irksdalc. Miss ! Nannie made ? very pleasing Impression I on the Old people herc, and it sound.; Uko I a romance to hoar how HOIIIO of tho young ! people w ei c impress, d with her healltl I fni tr. e and winning manners, Mr. Kii Burns, the octogenarian of our vicinity, who has hot. n so fouble all Sum mer, has somewhat improved since thc mild days of \ ut n tn ii. , Wo have been blessed with abundant showers this w eek. Appearances prom ise moro. We aro surrounded with several en gino*, busy ginning np tho cotton crop, which has fallen somewhat below expec tation , hut we think our fanners ought to congratulate themselves. Wc think tho crop tolerably fair. J We notice fe.tilizers going up wry nf ? ten. We suppose for auiall grain, which ] is being sown in groat ipuimilh s, mid . looking admirably. This is what our , land needs, more grain. Mr. N. L. Ibirksdale had a otise yester day hoforC Trial Justice Stoddard, against Nathan Woody for violation of contract. Woolly is now contlnod tojall ff tho fa.us old institution, and now goc:j to take ii pl isit ?"ll. SIMPSONS .MILL. MIX. Tho time* for [hunting birds has come nguiu, and moro birds than wo ever saw in one soasen. Fun for tho sportsman Wo aro having plenty <>r rain nt pres ent, and if it continues, bottom corn may yet bo damaged. Fanni rs may expects had roads to tow n. If the rain continues. Capt. Y. .J. ("'albertsod has had the gin at McDaniel's milla repaired, and is now ready to gin for the liolghorliood. Wade Culbertson ls catching plent y of tish in a fall-trade, nt mill oil Reedy riv er. Wc wonder If t h.? l?litor of tho All VBUTIHK.lt likes flsll? w? aro informed Hint Mr. James Dow ney, Jr., IH going to Augusta November (he fl rat, toattend the le< tuns of thc Med ical Colleges at that place. W. ll. Fuller, who has been spending some time with his parents amt friends, returns lo Florida Monday, the 5th lust. We were delighted with the idea of cleaning out the wntor courses, when w o heard that the County Commissioners wore going to enforce the law in regard to cleaning ons thc water coures; or is there any such a law? It was about half done, and thc work Stopped frolll ROIIIO cause. -The Howe S 'wing Machine Company, of Bridgeport, Conn., ha s '.icon put in tho hands of ft receiver, -Tho well-known hanking and brokerage house of Soutter A Co., of Now York, has made an assign* mont to Morris S. Miller, with preferences amounting lo $00,000. -Spartanhurg i? tn have a mu nicipal election in three weeks and tho Herald earnestly calls for dem ocratic nominations ami the ab sence of tho whiskey ? tam. -A gentleman of this place will prepare n hill to ho Intronu?ed In tho Legislature providing that ail legal hangings In South Carolina shall be done within the walls of the Penitentiary hy a regular exe? cutlonor, to he elected or appointed. Such a law is in force in OnlO und has been found to work well thus fur. There la ho reason why it Should not be given it trial in this State.--Co ta, ii ufa (itghlft. JuHt fl Hint to Hoys. I stood in u atoro tito other clay When ii hoy came in and applied for a situation. "('nu you write u good hand?" W?> tiKked. "Yans." "Good nt ti g u re? V" .'Yans." "That will do-I don't want you," said tho merchant. "lint," 1 said wiwin tin? hoy wus gone, "I know Hint boy !?> ho an honest, industrious hoy: Why don't you give liim a chance?" (localise ho hasn't lon rued io say ?YOB, sir,' and ?No, sir'" if ho an swer- mo as ho did when applying for n situation, how \? ill ho answer cns tumors after being hero n utontli ?" What COIlld I MUV to tll.lt ? ? lo hud fallen Into a habit, young ns ho \ ?-, with h turned him away from to- ll rs I situation ho had ovor ap plied for?- /:.-. livery Farmer Should Keep 't. livery fumier should ko< p <>n hand it can ?f tho following mix ture: Korosono two quarts; linseed oil, one trill; rosin, ono outlet'. Molt tin- rosin in thc linseed oil, and add to tlio kerosene. Coat nil steel >>r iron tools, wherever bright, with this winni they are to lio nih il'for only a few days, lt will not take half ti minute or half teaspoon ful ol'thc mixture to coat a plough when one hus finished using it, and it prevents all rust and save- half a day's time in (deaning it when it ls again needed, besides saving tho team ninny thousands of pounds extra pulling. Coal the iron work of tho mowers mid reapers wlth"i< when they are pul anny for the winter. A little rust is only n little thing, hut it muk . - lunch di florence ?ll the aggregate. I Ita Hw.ty Growth in th;- So nth. Tho Commercial and Financial Chronic!? lind- thal during the lust live years tho Southern .States gained un loss than 10,1,81 miles of ? neu rt?.ol, and io the late your they : had 1,551 out of the ?'1,1)77 milos built in the whole United States. Of course tlie growth ha boon com paratively more rapid in Texas and Arkan :e than elsewhere in the South. These States having to ll Murgo extent boon opeuod up i?? J -et t leuieut iu recent yours, afford ed I thc opportunity for ti greater de ! velopmeul mel extension of rail I t ond mileage Hut allowing for tlio I 1,551 miles constructed within their boundary in the live years, we -till have 5,0?0 ni Ilea loft as. new mile age built within the older Southern t States. . -The New York D?mocratie j politicians are looking out for n ! nein to put Oil their ticket for I Lientehaut-Governor, instead ?>f Mr, Flower, who ha- declined the I nomination. In New York City j ( ?en. I len ry W. Slocum ls thu I'avor ! Ito. District Attorney Dorsheimer is also mentioned, as are ?Senator .la-. Haly and NY. Ii. Smith. -Macon Telegraph mid .Vcw/t y lire at Napoleon, < Milo, -The phosphati royalty due Hie State for thc quarter ending Au gust :i', amounts t?. paid cash, and tho balance on n credit of twelve month-, U/lth interest from the day of sale, SOCUred by the bond of tho purchaser, and a mortgage of the promises; but with leave to tho forecloser to pnv bis entire bid In cash. The purchaser to pay for pa? per?. Tn the case of Thomas H. Owens e*. John Alexander Owens, et al, All that tract of Land lying, boin? and situate In thc County and Stat aforesaid, formerly know ti tt* tract No. '? Of tho estate of Thomas Owens, deceased, containing One hundred and thirty-one acres, more or less, and hounded by lands of W. A. (Jarrett, George Wolff, Robert Bums, and others. Terms: One half of (he purchase money to be paid cash, und the balance on a credit of twelve months, with interest from the day of sale, secured by tho bond of the i purchaser and mortgage of thc j premises; but with leave to tho purchaser to pay ids entire bid In casi?. L'urchaser to pay for papers. In the case bf William ('.Cleve 1 land, a- adni'r. <>f Wm. Choie.., de ; cn lined, William ll. Wallace adm'r. of Itobt. Dunlap, dc ?sed, et itt. rv. Ilenry NV. Carlington, Cr.--w i ll Carlington and Stobo D. Carling I ton, as I'.XOt titers, and Sallie f\ I Richardson, el al, ! All that Lot ur parcel of Land i in the County mid st.-.te aforesaid, in the town of Laurens, en Harper ; Street, bountied Ol thc NV est by said Street, tin the North and l '.a.-t I by lots formerly of tb< estate of : Mrs. S, W. Carlington, deceased, on (lie Smith by lot formerly of the ' estate of John (tarlington, deceit ed, containing Forty-three one-httn i d red tbs nf itu acre, and whereon is , now situated the bouse known as , the "Richardson i louse." j Terms: One-third of the purchase I money to be p id Clisll, and tho hillanco on a credit of twelve I months, with interest from tho tiny j of sale, secured by th bond of the purchaser and mortgage of the ; prends;'-. Thc purchaser to pay for [tapers. In th? case of 7v>Parle Samuel lt. Todd, in ?ie Young J. Culbert son as tUt.ii'r., et ul. All that tract of Land lying, ho ing and situate in the Comity and State aforesaid, containing Fifty three and one-half acres, more or less, andjioiinded by* lauds ?"of IL I?. Todd, lands of the ?state of l>r, Hoben McDaniel, Y. J. I 'ulhcrtson, and others. Terni-: One-half of the purchase money to be paid ca-h. and tin balance OU a credit of t wei vi months, willi interest from thc ditji of sab*, secured by the bond *>?' tin purchaser and a. mortgage "f ?a premises. Thc purchaser lo pa j j for papers. ! in Hu case I le s."and bounded hv lands of W ? !.. Wood, J. F. Bolt, and ot!? rs. j Term-: One-half of the purelm-i money (o be paid cash, and th balance on a credit of twelv j months, with Interest from"day ii sale, secured hy the bond of pm i ehitscr and a mortgage of I be pren j ?se-. The purchaser to \>.w for pa In the ease of Julia l?. McOowa as Fx't.v. of ll, li. McOowan,doch ! v.o. Jeannie Met ?ovan, if al. The follow ing described proper! belonging to the estate of Ilium J L. Medownn/doe'd., situate in th . Cuinly and State aforesaid, situai ' in the town of Lauren., to wit: j Lot No. I, Located on the Nor! ; -ide of .Main Street, nearly opp? site to I he Kpiscopal < 'burel hounded" South by Main Stree I West by lot of S. IL Todd. Norl by Lot No. tl, and Fast by Lot N. . 2, and containing a front of abm Sixty (tin) feet, by a depth of uhoi Two hundred and four clot feet. ! Lot No. 2, Bounded South li Main Stree!. NV Cst by Lot No. ' North by Lot No. I. and Fas! h ? ?. l of J, J, Howland, and contal I lng a front of ah ?ut Sixty feet hy depth of about Two hundred an four (201) feet. Lot No. :t, Hound* tl North b I Laurens Street, West by lot of . NV. Burnside, Stint h by Lot No. and Fast by Lot No, I, and contai: inga front on Laureas street ? about One hundred and twent (120) feet. Lot No. I, Bounded North li Laurens St reet, Last by Lot No. South by Lot No. 2, and West I Lot No. and containing a froi on Laurens Street, of about Fifi (..ti) feei, hy a dept lt of about Oi hundred and twenty (120) feet, nu i whereon ls situated a coinmodioi and substantial dwelling with elgl i rooms. Lot No. ?, Bounded North 1 Laurens Street, West by Lot N 1, Smith by lot of J. J. Bowhill and east hy Lot No. 0, and contai ing a front on Laurens Street about Fifty (.">, B< anded North I Laurens Street, Wost by Lot No. South by Lot of J. M. Vi.-an-k and Rust by tho lot known as tl "Jail Lot," and containing a fro on Laurens Street of about Fit (00) feet, by a depth of about Oi hundred mid twenty (I2i>) foot, ai whereon is situated a substantl dwelling with three rooms. All of these lads are central loented in the tow ti of Laurens, ni convenient to the Public Squill the Churches and the Schools. Terms: One half of Hie pu rc lin money to bo paid cash, and t balance on a credit of twml month-, with interest from the d of sale, secured hy tho bond of t purchaser, and a mortgage of t premisos, but with leave to a ?nirehuser to pay all cash. IN chasers to pay for papers. |>i chasers of I nils No, t, *? and ?> to sure buildings thereon, ami ufcsl policy to Master. . C. 1). B A H K SI)A LE, Master, ii, <. Oct. 7 1HH.*> IO I -Tf the number of Trial Justh were reduced to one-half, and I rema: ming one-half wer?' paid salary, the business of the Conn douerai Rossions WOU?d. in < opinion, bc reduced noc-hiilf.-J Ix ville Pre** aynl tyaniter. ?.fciii".T.iiiii,ii ?-M. . ?am WA Sent scattering over furnishes additional evi creased amount of our sc Wo hnve our ord n un cos full o?* an popular price--. Or (J prs. .Merino Coupure, worth 7?" 2(1 prs. Persian Novelties ut 22Ac, w IO piees Ainiures ot 22?c., in Black, where for not less (han Nie, .*> piece: I , 10 pict cs Sin M al?i I>ol?.i We aro also handling a pretty i< Hoods. JV linc lol nj' Yack Laces ai thom. C. P. AlaSiren, tho Celobuitot import To close out a lot of Hats and < 'a| .jn per cent, less t lou How is tiiis? i^ BUIOHTON r line i hewing Tobacco and Cigars. Prosh Lemons, Cocoanut . Cftb bages, Northern Apples, Hanan;;-;. ! Irish Potatoes,* Sweet Potatoes, j Ked OnlOris, Whin- Heans, &c, ?vc.. I and don't forget tie- "Nominee" Cigar, al .). lt. ( < a HM .it A. I !( >. Never So CUeap Baforo. A complete set of yinglo-harness, < :.1 Material; New ; for illy i $7.60. AUAMs A cr u ris. Now is thc time t<> buy a nico ?et of I [urness. < )nly $7.50, nt ADAMS A- CUItTIS. ! <;<> tr?0 Har ness; tho host ever -old for the . nney. .ri"?.un iraraessfor r~-?o :>, Adam A- Curtis. Only a icu Set.* loft. JU, ? ..Nf (.'Ul . V Depart nu Irollcr o . i ?iii. o ol ? '- i ?ral. ? 'oia \: tu A, S. < '.. Sept. -ai h, Issf?. I cert 10 Mr- ( ? ". KAHKSIlA M.. of Laurens, Auont <>t' Til? Krpillalile ; Life VsHiiruuecSociety, incorporated hy ' the State ol' New York, has complicit witli*tlicrc(|iiisilions of th? Act ol thc I (.'cttcrnl As*ctuhly entitled "An Act t<> j rr jr ii hit? Iii? Agencies of I usu rauco Cone < panics i,?>i incorporated in Stat? of | s.,;oli Carolina, ami I licrchv license tl.esnhlC. I). Itnrksdalc, l-Noi., Agent aforesaid, to take lill risks ami Iran ic! nil nosiness ol' insurance in lois State, in thc County of Laurens, for and in I KI? half of said Coinpiuiv. \\\ Fi. ST< IN KY, ? 'omi roller ? ii neral. Photographer. I Having located in the fowler I Building, over the stores of J tili n I ?. I Sheahan, for the purpose .? : . WU take this method of inform ing our friends that \\ o have bought one of the Itar(ietit and Rent as sorted (reneral stock ever brought to tiiis market, consisting of Bag ging and Ties, Seed-Oats, Silgar, Coffee, Molasses, of different grades, and a variety of shelf goods; also, an exton Ive line of Staple Dry Hoods, Clothing, Hats, Caps ?iud an Elegant Stock of Boots and Shoes. , We aro also agents for the Old Hickory Wagon, and koo;? a good asortment of Harness, with many other articles not mentioned, all of which we will sell at a rr ;.?/ (dose margin. A. II. MARTIN. U. S. IVI.I.KIY. 500 BUSHELS Abbeville Raised, Red Rust-Proof Oats, For Salo by YY. W. JONES, I / s r a t;Ns C. IL, S. C. August 20. t tf the county, have told ll dence of their good wc iles. innutrition, ?nd w ill continue tho pe io. thrown on tho ii'. !)', nt '."?<.. 1 pr 'orth In tiny murlee! -'IV. Gr UN NUMBER 2 Bronze, Wino. Myrtle mid Blue all - Pin ( hecks, in Urey tilid Brown, I rges, very sty 1 isli , itt 25y. ''"1 >t Scotch Plaids, Hay Market, Trie" til Kanbroydory. Something nc>\ ! I Corset, Exclusive Agency, MI .Jobbers eaiino! touch them a! ?!:??> i l?s, bought nt 1 Fern berger's great Ba ii manufacturers' prices. All styles III /l's at 7?cj worth every nickle < ? l.00 j s.?iii regularly for rf? I .O??. MOS SPR10ADS at *l.'vij rnatle : ? . ut doubt, tho "boss" of tho market, popular. OH AND (MO NTS UNDKRWKAlt ; .uni SMO10S we have the Best Li the goods we handle. Uood goods, . Put your shining silver where it TWO STOW CLOTHING! ?Jaka ef.i JP JL Davy C Was on TOP when he right, then GO AHEAD Thc ? h'brated buyer, J. W. 1 ?eal right ai PO Kl'Kl) SA HKS in New ?ofj Suits' for Mo is? " " ."?'Ml u H " OOO to Toa woi Kine Stylish Suits Cur Youths and Kit] Sample Hat-at 75 cents wor The ( ch bruted Stetson Hats at Plenty shirt-. Collars aitd Dru wv Open your Hearts and Pockets NEW S N E W (: Tho citizens of Laurens and invited t<> inspect my Stock, wli und Confections. (Quality utisurpa-. lite attention t. Boyd A Co., either hy UotO or account', tire earnestly requested to settle same hy Novem hcr 1st, and save cost as we aro OO?hwleti to raise money to carry oirrtawio .n-'i a mi. . , leir cale, and each di rk, as ? hewn :n tfce opie- bat! lc und? r lite brinier 3L Persian Cash moro, cut to 0; beautiful soft goods and ?old orory liiiumiorcd down from E&c. to 16c. [ Cashnierc? a! s?f*c >;.-, Pacific ?'.id ftlaock*?t?r lVes* a Holts a;.a Satchels, ta?k%? . l#??k ai ld hy us nt l.V), Mt awe te inonoy. :ip-?a..;>i Salo, wc vC.U AoU Tho rt) at , si:a s and Shapeic. if +?.'-',. ?20 CROCHET QOJIiT.S at ell for .pla ?. ;? is i\ g rea! seller, good, cheap and just rei civet on Monday, ans ID F?auron??. , fair protlt and tt|?jiroiittit l?.*f**9P will doy.ai thc nios?jirood, and tl IS, FOWLER BLOCK. _ . . ,umi \ [CLOTHING!! A Crockett said, "Bo 3uro you ]arc co, bought ?1 l,000^worth of Clothing York, and \v<; arc going rifjht ahead. n, at *:u,r.. nt 4.85. at f.-?nt), ;V>0. j .iii double. I ! Hoy . th a dollar. id lloiser'a Shoes, on top. ? for every body. . ._' when you como in our Ktoro.J LEAKE & PATTON". s?nne luir otJLu ; 0 0 D S ! the surrounding country at ich is complete, 1 ?otb hi Groceries i'd. Kuli weight gu?rante id. P? otto will ho, to Sell FIRST-CJL/AjSjjj Wilson's Crackers and Whit mari' m Simpson's Now Store, now occuploc, ?. M. PHILPOT. I ?nu ag nt Tor the following MAC H I K ^ Z. Call for circulara Ac. tt?My# Saj?n* Saw Mills, Separators, Oin? 4M. 6r?in Dru hay Kakoa, Fan Milln, roed Cutter*?. Alf ?gent (or tho C?l?brai ?hp& ing, and wo can convince you J that wo w ill sell ? ods ivs ebeAj 1 as they cen l>o O* -iglit e!sewh?ro, W. L. BOYD ? CO. ; AUgltst ?, 1 _ ?td FAMILY GROCERIES, We have on band BACON, LIA MS, LA HI), F LO UH, bUO AR, COFF; MOLASSES; and everything to h*? fo M /pgr ur, PA nu Nf* ? HPM?IA^ All work Otiaranti^C] .L A C H V. N H, C. Il Sopt. 2, $6 /V flH 1