1 **
CHERAW GAZETTE
- v : 1 U . ' /*# *? ft l:r%
r * AND
PEE DEE FARMER.
VOLUME IV CHERAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 6, 1839. NUMBER XLIIL
m* 8&&&&a&sr9
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
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Frotn the Southern Agriculturist,
Cotton Culture,
Mr. Editor,?It is proposed in this communication
to furnish a few rules best calculated
to secure the highest production of
cotton to the hand, and many of ths secret
causes ot failure ; and us the writer designs
it more for the benefit of young than old
planters, he hopes the more common sug.
gestions it contains will be overlooked by
those who might regard them as " h thrice,
told tale."
In selecting lands for the cultivation of
cotton, their location and quality ore essen.
tial consideiations. They should be fertile,
and have a proper mixture of sand and clay.
If fertile, lay off nine acres to the hand ;
if old and thin, ten or twelve would be a
fair crop. Lands that are stiff and old
should be mellowed by enrly ploughing,
when the soil is neither too dry nor wet, for
all lands are injured if they do not pulverize
in the ploughing, and when very dry they
hake, and your working them is generally
lust labor; if practicable, this ploughing
should be before March. Where the land
is fiat, so that water stands, bed high ; and
ifin mellow by one ploughing, bed up twice.
Open bed for seed wit1) a narrow plough,
followed by a press plough : soak the seed
in stable or yard liquid manure, and after
the soaking roll them in ashes. Sow them
in direct lines, at least three seed to every
inch ; and cover, then, with a board nailed
to the plough stock with a gap over the
seed. A week before plantii g, the seed
should be tried to know if they would sprout
or vegetate by soaking. After a thick stand
is up* run a narrow plough wiin a board to
shove down on each side ; in two or three
days, follow this farrow by a plough to
throw back the earth to the cotton. Examine
the cotton roo s to see if many are
dead or belted by a black circle; if so, chop
out sparingly, and ouiy where the stand is
very thick, but if44 all is well," chop out so
so as to leave a foot vacancy between
each bunch. If the stand will not admit a
stalk of sound cotton to every foot before
you chop our, plough up and plant again if
not later than the first of May : if however
the stand appears safe when chopping out,
run a plough after the choppers to throw
up the earth, and fill the chop.holes.
Stand safe, begin to thin " all hands" by
the hand, without the hoe, pulling up weekly,
unhealthy stalks, and leaving those more
vigorous and growing. Pull up also with
the hand all the large weeds and grass near
the stalk. After this is over follow with
another furrow, then the hoe ; and not a
single stalk ever again to be cut or bruised.
7'he two first plouglnngs should bt deep?all
eftor, shallow ; and an interval of more than
three weeks should never pass without a
ploughing, until tire crop is M laid by." If
the old" grass is killed, late ploughing is
useless. The tasks in hoeing are one to
two acres, or more properly, according to
the grass.
What are the causes of failure in a cotton
crop ? They ore many, but I shall enumerate
but one or two of tho^ most common,
and which can he avoided. Thinning with
the hoe, negroes will cut up coiton, I enfre
not what vigilance is exercised ; the worse
the stand, the easier the after-work for them,
and they know it. You may complain?you
may punish?and yet turn your eyes away
for ten minutes, and I'll engage as many
stalks will be cut up by each hand within
tho time. Though it may be so, still it
should not appear strange to the novice
that such is the universal observation I un
deriake to say of every strict planter. Not
one planter in fifty ever secures a stand
where the hoc is used in thinning ; their
watchfulness or severity to the contrary
notwithstanding ; they may partially, but
cannot fully remedy the evil with all their care
and attention. The slave, as before ob?
seived, is interested to make the present
and every future task eas) to be worked ;
and by experienced craft, unless your eye
is on the very stalk at the t me, can cut
it tip, so that you will not be able to find
whence it came. You must go before him
and his hoe, and examine the stand, or in
spite of yourself you will be duped and de?
ceived.
If the overseer is over the hands, he does
not like to bear the charge of neglect in detection
; or deceived and joins the negro
in affirming * no stand was there before,"
?u it died out," &c.
It requires too, a close eye and a steady
hand to cut one stalk, and leave another
within an inch or two of it; which hardly
one hand in ten has the care or abili y to do
as it should be done, arid then a lie follows
as an excuse. Again: Where a bunch of
grass is around the cotton, the back must
' be benf, and perhaps the digitals are to be j
pushed into tho ground?all of which is
" troublesome," when a dash of the hoe or
an agricultural (not a rhetorical) flourish
would sweep ihe whole, without any movement
of the muscles.
The overseer does not like to stand from
sunrise to sunset, watching every hand and
every implement around him. Possibly he
wanders off for recreation, and what is the
result ? The cotton is cut down?one stalk
left, where five or six should be?the em.
ployer complains?and the agent or overseer
in turn excuses himself as well as he
can?-he tells you it died, or that one stalk
in two or three feet distance " produces as
much ;*' so that your six bales to the hand,
in expectancy, dwindles down in the end
to three or four. When too late, it will
have been found that it had been better to
have given such a man four or five hundred
dollars to have left your place, to onguge
another who might have guarded against
those tricks so generally practised in the
eflbrt to procure a good stand-w-provided
there are even twenty hands under his supervision.
With a good stand and fair seasons, if
the land ;s moderately productive, the yield
should be 800 lbs. of seed-cotton per aero ;
and of nine acres, of course the produce
would then be sixty-four thousand pounds
in the seed, or six bales.
In this section of the country we plant entirely
in the drill ; and in my opinion the
texture of the soil, together with the climate,
renders it the more safe and correct way of
planting; but not having thoroughly tested
the mode of planting " in chops," I may
not be therefore prepared to decide with ac-'
curacy upon this point.
It will depend pretty much on *4 remarks
on former articles" whether t shall again
trouble you and your readers, or not.
FAIRFIELD.
From the Franklin Farmer.
Diseases of Horses.
It is not often that cures for diseases of
domestic animals receive the attention of
readers. The following is from one of the
most experienced and one of the very best
men in this or any other State, and we recommend
it to attention.
We have experienced and repeatedly
witnessed the infallible effect of white lead
ground in linseed oil, as a remedy for bums
and scalds. i I
Lexington, Ky., 1838.
To the Editor of the Franklin Farmer:
Sir :?I was led to send you tho follow,
ing paragraphs for insertion in your paper,
by reading a few days ago, some passages
of a book on farriery. I r< fl-'cted on the
facility with which n number of people
might be induced into error by a belief that
whatever is printed must be right, and hav.
ing formerly made a particular study of
the diseases of horses, and even followed
that branch of business with some success, I
thought you would insert a few hints on the
subject in some of your useful numbers ;
they may perhaps help to save the life of
of some valuable animul with little trouble
to its owner.
The Bote.?Among the worms that lodge
in the intestines of all animals the bots
are found, particularly in the stomach of the
horse, and are produced by a kind of nit,
the egg of a fly ; it may be observed in
abundance upon the legs und shoulders
of a horse, and is easily seen by its yellow
mirrltt P3?iilv h? nipripd off* in
tuiui I uuu ? - ?
time. It is at all times a bad practice to
curry a horse in the stable ; worse in time
of those nits, mixing with the food in cleaning
the curry combs on the trough, instead
of which either from irritation of the skin,
or from instinct, the horse bites or licks his
hairs, and swallows the greatest part of those
knits which soon hatch in bis stomach,
grow into bots, and fastenting upon the inncr
coat often perforate the stomach through.
The bots once formed in larger or smaller
quantities, subject the animal to pains, the
symptoms of which differ very little from
those of the cholic. Ho looks at his side,
lies down, rolls in agony from side to side, i
and soon dies in most cases, if a prompt j
remedy is not applied. The most efficacious
that I have found is very simple, and
easily found every whore. Take two oun-1
ces of soot, as clean as you car. g^t if? that
is free from gravel, lime or plaster, if you
sweep it out of the chimney, mix it well in a
quart of new milk, if possible, but at least
milk warm, and drench the horse witli it
through a horn : this drench will immediateIy
relieve him (if it is the bots,) and he must
be fed as soon as possible: the bots are
d? tachcd from the stomach on which they
were preying, and mixing with the fooJ will
pns3 with it, and twonty-four hours after
will be found in the voidings of the horse,
either ground* by the natural process of digestion
or entire, and even although its effects
are not so immediate, having a length
of intestines to traverse. A horse is morelia.
ble to suffer from the bots when he is hun.
gry, for in that case, they fasten on the
coat of the empty stomach for want of any
other food. |f, however, the horse has
been over-fed or surfeited with clover, green
or dry, ill cured hay, &c., the structure of
the stomach Is not made to throw up like
man ; he only does it when his stomach
bursts, and dies instantly; sometimes the
main artery bursts, and the consequence is
tlto same. I opened a horse in such a case.
The Surfeit is JikewLe manifested by
cholics, the cause of which is generally easily
known ; in that case ijie introduction of any
* Decomposed, not ground. Tho stomach of
a horsa never grinds. w ?*> Ch. Ga*.
thing more in the stomach is a pernicious
practice, and as a horse cannot vomit, emetics
would be very useless, to say the least
of it. Injections of flaxseed boiled in water,
and strained, or mullen water ure efiicaj
cious. A gli3tcr pipe for a horse may be
made of strong tin, aud must hold a gallon;
the pipe should be long and crooked, for
evident r?asors.
The Strangury is another very danger,
ous and painful disease of horses. The
symptoms of this disease are the stretching
of his body, and the violent efforts of the
horse io accomplish the purposes of nature.
Injections must be resorted to in trder to
distend the neck of the bladder apd reduce
the inflammation ; diluting drinks, Ktich as
bran and water must be given, und his food
be very light for some days until he is euradf
bran, rye, meal, chops being the most pro.
per articles of food.
I will mention only two more diseases,
easy to cure in the beginning, but very ob.
stinate if they are suffered to go on unat.
tended to ; such are the Poll Evil and (lie
Fistula; both originate often in brutal
blows on the head, and saddles or collars
hurting the shoulders. Sometimes the
Poll.Evil proceeds from loo low a stable
door. The parts thus affected must often
be rubbed with salt and water only, as soon
as the swelling is discovered, until it is perfectly
reduced, which will happen in
a short time, if the horse is not used.
As to accidental breaks and breakings
of the skin, they must be washed with
sonp suds of the juice of Jamestown
weeds, (<datura stramonium ;) care being
taken that nothing rubs the afflicted part, in
which case it would be longer to cure,
I am, sir, with esteem, your's,
W. MENTELLE, Sen.
N. B.?Before giving any thing to horses
suspected to be diseased by bots or cholic.the
probatde cause of the sickness should
be diligently sought from those who hnd
the feeding and care of them W. M.
From the American Farmer.
The Chinch Bug*
The ravages of the chinch bug, described
by our esteemed correspondent, Mr. Jef.
freys, is one of tta most awful calamities
with which Provi 'ence has visited the agricultural
community?sufficiently severe one
would think to chastise a nation even of
idlers and drunkards, and worthy to engage
legislative attention, if it be possible by re.
wards or otherw.se to discover some means
ofcxtirpating this most
live enemy tfie husbandman.
Red House, Ala. July 2d 1839?The
crops in this part of the state are very promising.
1 have never seen a more promising
crop of Tobacco and Corn. 1 think there
will be an average crop of wheat made here.
Some parts of the couniies of Orange and
Person have suffered greatly by the ravages
of the chinch bug. 1 have been informed
by persons of undoubted veracity, that there
are some farms in Orange and Person that
will not male* as much wHoai am
Entire fields of wheat are ruined beyond re.
covery. The history of the chinch bug is
somewhat remarkable, differing from oil
others of the insect tribe. This iuscct made
its appearance in this section of the stute
two or three years since; and the increase
is truly wonderful?they made their appearance
in the county of Orange about
35 years ago, and I have been informed
ihat the farmers had to abandon the seeding
of wheat until they disappeared. The
march and ravages of this insect is truly
alarming; if their increase should be as
great in the next twelve months to come as
it has been for the last, it will be folly to
seed wheat again this fall. Tite failure last
year in the crop of corn in this part of the
siate is attributed to the ravage ^ of this insect,
combined with the dry spell, which
lasted near two months. If a drought should
now take place, the chinch bug would nearly
ruin our corn, as their ravuges are more
effectual and tl>?y ore more destructive in
their opera ions in dry than in wei weather.
Their movements are confined to the heat
- J? 41 tlioir nnnra
i 0J WIG U3y**uicjr wuiui]i^uv\4 iiivm ??p??
| tions about nine in the morning, and cease
about four in the afternoon. The increase
of their number is truly astonishing to those
who have never taken the trouble to exam,
ine into the history of this insect?thero is
a gentleman in this county who caught six
of iliern, which he confined in a vial, and in
twcnty.four hours they had increase to
seventy. There have been repeated experiments
made to test their increase, and all
resulted in the same proporion,
I There have ulso been frequent attempts
made by some of our most intelligent farmers
to find out some remedy to s:op the rav.
ages and des'ruclion of ibis truly formidable
enemy, but all their experiments hive
proved abortive. They first make their
a'tack at the vital part of the stalk, and
number from one to one thousand on each
stalk of corn, adhering to it until they destroy
the milk. When they make their
attack upon a field of corn they go ahead
and dastroy the entire field?nothing will
arrest their course ; not even a storm will
impede their rnovemen's. The farmers
of this section of the state have used every
remedy which their ingenuity could devise
or invent to des roy this pest; some have
usod train oil, hog's lard, burning and tarring
the corn but to no purpose, for it appears
that nothing will arrest them or destroy
them. I have been informed thai
Thomas Jefferson predicted that if evei
there was a famine in this country it woulc
be caused by the chinch.bug. 1 have ex?
amined the records of the Agricultural So
cieties of New York and Pennsylvania foi
the lust twenty or thirty years, but I see i
no account of such insect as the chinch [
bug. You will confer lasting favor and a
great benefit to this community to solicit in.
formation relative *o this truly formidable
enemy of man. Yours, verv respectfully,
JAS. W. JEFFREYS.
Always Behind Hand*
There is a portion of mankind who are
always naturally or habitually behind hand.
This trait of their character is easily discovered
in every thing that relates to their
conduct and pursuits in life. Sucb a man
goes too late to bed, \nnd as a necessary
consequence gets up too late in the morning.
Being out of bed too lute he is too late to
breakfast, and this deranges his household
all the forenoon ; having been behind hand
at breakfast, he is of course behind hand at
dinner, and lastly at supper. If he makes
an appointment, he never gets to the place
in season ; and if he is to meet a board of
directors, or committee, or nny other public
body whatever, ts always twenty min?
utes or half an hour too late, and upon be- (
ing reminded that he has obliged his associates
to wait, and thereby lo waste their
time, he charges the delay to his watch,
which like its owner, is always invariably
at least a quarter of an hour loo slow.
If he has made arrangements to leave .
town in a stage, he commonly forces the
carriage to wait some time, or, what is
not very uncommon, is left behind. If he
intends to mako his departure in the steam,
boat, you will meet him two streets off as
the last bell tolls, and after running down to
the wharf till he is out of breath, he finds
the boat hauled off, and if he gets aboard
at all, it is by the long boat and often at
the hazard of his life. If ho is :in attendee t
upon public worship, he never reaches the
church until after the services comtneice,
and greatly disturbs the con^regution by en
teriug in the midst of their devoiionul exercises.
In short, such men labor, and toil, and
drudge on through life, just as uniform and
regular in their concerns half on hour too
late as punctual people arc in season. If such
persons could, by some exertion redeem
that half hour, and set their watches right,
they might go on with the same ease they
do now> and always be in season.
From the Practical Farmer.
... Soil*.
Every farmer should have some general
knowledge of awia, ?nd be ncquainted with
the nature of plants so as to adapt tlrose he
cultivates to the soil of his farm. This is
an important branch of agricultural know,
ledge; every plant will flourish best in that
soil congenial with its nature; and if farm
ers were acquainted with the art of adapting
plants to soils, much manure might be sav.
ed ; some soils require little or no manure
to grow certain kinds of plants ; whereas,
to grow other kinds of plants upon the same
$41, requires much manure. The best in.
of aoils am the plants thai
grow upon it.; true, the chemist has it ill his
power to determine the nature of soils without
this natural index, yet every farmer,
who knows the timber, underbrush and
plants a soil spontaneously produces, decides
at once upon its value for cultivation.
The principal soils are silica, sand or
eaitli of flints ; lime, or calcareous earth ;
alumina, or clay ; magnesia, a mineral substance,
with these are blended vegetable
and animal matters in a decomposing or
decomposed state, and saline, acid or alkaline
combination.
The nature of silica, or sand is dry and
hot?alumina, or clay, cold and wet?a
proper mixture of the two improves bothall
experience shows that manuring sandy
lands with clay, or clay lands with sand, is
kool f,?r er-nin nr nulsfi. Rill if is not the ,
fc - i ? ? ?
best natural soil that tlie farmer ought to
consider, but the depth of it, nnd what lies
immediately under it. The farmer should
nevor lose sight of these facts. For if the
richest sol is only Irorn four to six inches
deep, and lies on a cold, wet clay or stone,
it will not be as fruitful as a poorer soil,
that is deeper or lies upon a bei'er under '
stratum. It is now generally agreed that
gravel, if not too compact, is the best sub.
stratum to make land prolific.
We shall now attempt a plain description
of the different kinds of soils by noticing
their qualities. We shall begin with
the I est kind ofloams and natural ear;hs,
these arc either of a bright brown or hazf,l
; color; hence sometimes called ? hazel loams.'
I They cat smooth and tolerable easy with!
out adhering much either to the spade or
the ploughshare ; are light, friable (crumbling)
and fall into small clods without cracking
in dry weather, or turning into tough
mortar when very wet.
The next best are dark gray, or sometimes
callej " russet mould" But the worst
of all natural soils are the light dark colored.
Th<rse clays may all be known by the
sight. There is, however, another, and perhaps
as equally sure a test of good clays as
that by sight?smelling and feeling. The
best kinds clay emit a pleasant scent on be.
ing dug or ploughed up especially after rain :
and, being a just proportion of sand and
i clay intimately blended or mixed, will not
stick much to the fingers on handling. VVe
would, however romark that the best soils
. in the world, may be impoverished and
. completely wornont, by an injudicious suc_
t cession of crops, and especially if liie plough
ings are not frequently repeated before the
I: seed is sown.
. I As said before, plants are a good index
. to soils, for we find, if we examine tracts
r | of land not cultivated.11 these W may also
ind no time has adapted different kinds of
)lants to most of the distinguishable varies t!
tea of soils ; and though some belonging to s
me may from some cause or other, be found r
>n lands of a different quality, they seldom
brive or perfect their seed so as to become o
jeneral. The great care of the farmer q
>ugh:, therefore, to be, by proper mixtures, h
o reduce his land to that state and temper* ti
imont, in which the extremes of hot and
sold, wet and dry, are best concited by each ti
>ther; to give them every possible advanage
flowing from the benign influences of
tun and air; and to adopt such kinds of
>lants as they afford in this stale, the grea.
est nourishment to ; and to renew their for- f
ility hy a jndicious allowance of the most c
jroper raanares. Where these things are r
fone, there are few spots so unfriondly to t:
cultivation at not to repay bis expenses and v
abor with a plentiful increase. But without v
hese, the best tracts of land will in time be. g
some a barren waste or produce little but p
voods." d
We shall resume this subject in subse. yi
juent numbers. t!
From the Maine Farmer.
Making Manure* fi
Mr. Holmes?The manure heap is said r
o be the former's mine. It is truly the o
ource of all his treasures. Were it not for a
l>o luonrlor/nl pennnmu r>C nntiim in r*nn. il
'eriing into vegetables and plants the offal,
ilth and decayed matter, which is constant,
y accumulating around us, tho ground h
vould be tardy, in yielding a supply of its d
troduction for either man or beast.?
The air would be filled with pestilental ii
rapor which heaps of filth thus, collected d
vould send forth, and disease and death
vould !be the consequence. But in It
he allwise operations of nature it is differ- v
nily ordered, and those offensive subsfan- r
:es are made not only useful but absolutely
iccessary for the use of man. But what fi
. was going to say is that farmers are not n
tufficintly cau'ious to improve all theopporunities
within their means to profit by this s
tdvantage bestowed upon them by dame
tature. There are many formers, yes, ? P
jreat portion of the farmers in our stale k
ibout whose premises may be found the c
naterials for large quantities of the very
jest manure untouched and apparently un- v
loticed. There are many farmers within
Tiy knowledge who manage their pecuniary
iffuirs to the exactness o! half a cent?who ?
vould shrink from the idea of seeing a s
:rumb of bread or an ounce of meat was. I
ed in the house?who glean the field with
;are that not a straw of grain or lock of hay ?
;e wasted, who are criminally slovenly and <
ipgligent in collecting the materials for mak.
ng manures which are every day being
hrown from the house and other ways ac- <
Simulating around them. Thus leaving
hem upon the top of the ground not only i
o be wasted but to generate unwholesome t
^assess which are the seed of nearly all the a
iiseascs with which a temperate man is af. t
flicted. t
Farmer B. was once guility in this respect,
but now he is a fit pattern of economy '
in this respect. He is one of your close 1
fisted snug men that never lost a cent in his <
ife, and supposed that he made every thing '
:ount, until ono day a friend called at his
louse, and after walking round his premises
isked him how long he had lived there.?
'Ten years," said B.
"You have lost during that time two hun- 1
Jred dollars," said the other. Impossible |
jatd B., "I never lost a single dollar." "I 1
should said, perhaps, that you might have
made two hundred dollars more than you
iiave made from this furm during that '
ime." "How," inquired B. eagerly. By t
Electing yonder pile of old bones and the J
jeap of old ashes and rubbish and saving >
ill the soap suds and other slops that go J
from the house, and convening them info i
manure," was the reply. B. for the last I
five years has been cautious that not a par. <
tide of manure should be lost, and a short
time since he told me that he had not ihe <
least doubt that the suggestion made by his <
friend had added fifty dollars a year to his '
cr ps. 1
Let others try the experiment, and no i
reasonable doubt can exist, but they will '
meet with similar success. J. II.
China, Aug. 28, 1839. '
Millet. I
We have often called the attention of
our readers to the importance of growing <
this article for hay, and we would here again i
impress it upon them, and especially upon i
those of them residing in the South, where 1
provender is so scarce. It delights in a
warm sun and sandy or loamy soil, and
will grow In almost any soil, naturally rich
or artificially made so ; may be put in as
late as the middle of July, and will yield
r rt if A * ^ 4|%/v |A
from ~4t lO * IUI19 iu 11IVJ av/iU| uctuiutii^ iKJ
the goodness of the land and nicety of its
preparation. When we sny that it may be
put in as late as lite middle of July, we do
not recommend that the cpluirist should
delay sowing as long as that; but only mention
it in order that, if circumstances should
occur to prevent an earlier putting in pf the
seed, that he may rely on getting a crop as
late as that. If we were asked our opinion
as to the best time for seeding it, we should
say, from the 1st of May till the 1st of Juno.
The heaviest crop we have ever raised was
sown on the 14th of May.*
Last year we raised a pretty fair crop sown I
on the 28th July. This fact illustrates the advantages
of its culturo. Should the crop of grass
be short, there will always bo time enough after
that fact may be ascertained to put ia a crop of
millet for hay. thus placing it always in the pow.
ct of the farmer to secure a full sapply of hay for
his stock.
Ail ground intended for millet, sheuld be
horoughly ploughed and harrowed; that
eed to be harrowod to, and the ground then
oiled.
if hay alone be the object of the eulturist,
ne bushel of seed to the aero is the proper
uantity: if hay and seed be the object,
alf a bushel should be sown on that quanity
of ground.
It makes a delightful hay, highly nutria
lous, and well relished by all sorts ofetook.
Farmer and Gardner. ;
From the Farmer's CbfooicU.
Fence*.
It is a most erring policy that induces
armors under the name and notion ofeconomy,
to inclose their grounds with temponry
and defective fences. It is in truth
he very worst of economy, or ra'her the
ery reverse of economy. It would bo
veil for those who feel incl'ned to oegii.
?? : l... .l.A,. !,/.
[ence or 10 ue govcrucu uy ui??"viwiw?h?*
resent" doctrine, to open an account of
lebt and credit with their fences for a few
ears; and if that should not cafe them,
hey might be given up as incurable.
Perhaps some of our readers might be ed>
icd by a sight oi such an account at any
ate; if it should not happen to suit thcif
wn expeiimce, it may give them some
Jea of (his sort of Book-keeping: and hero
; is.
"Cornfield FENCE, Dr.
To corn destroyed by horses, cattle and
ogs at different times, supposed one hua*
[red bushels, say 925.
T o time lost in stopping hog-holei, repair*
ig fences and mending water gaps, say sis
lays, in harvest, $5,
To wounding one of the plough bones, in
ireaking over the fence, by which his aer?
ices were lost for ten days when they were
nost wanted, say $5.
To price of a hog of my neighbor Hodge,
jr which I had to pay, having dogged it in
ay cornfield, so that it died, 93.
To time lost in attending a law suit about
aid hog, and costs of suit, 93.
To a loss of a valuable dog which I sup*
iosf?d Hodge hod killed, in revenge for the
;illir.g of his hog by said dog, but which I
muiJ not prove, $5.
To perpetual loss of Hodge's friendship ;
vbich had beer, steadfast for twenty years,
tmount not known.
To the <poilii>g of my young horses,
Smith's cattle and Hedge's hogs so that 1
thai] never be able to fence them out e&c*
ually hereafter; loss not known.
To keeping me in bad humor,jreiitd and
Tabbed nearly all summer?damage iocoU
:ulable.
Total, exclusive of the three
last items, 948.00
Zrcdil,
By five hundred rails, the number want*
ng to make the fence good; but which, no
hey must be finished next spring, are only
laved for one year, so tbat the interest on
heir cost is the only saving; cost 10| interest
at 10 per cent, is 91.00.
By labor which would liave been required
io put the fence in good condition; say
810 at mos', but which having still to be
lone, is only entitled to a credit to tho
amount of interest as in the former case,
Si.00
Total, ; 92.00
Balance against bad fences, 946.000
And the said debtor (bad fauces} being
jieriy insuiucm uic wnoso wnuuiu is irru.#
larably lost; except that, it has taught a
esson which may be useful hereafter*
Stlvestee Sloven.
What came to pass in the case of neigh*
bor Sloven, has happened to many others,
and will continue to happen, until proper
ittention shall bo paid to what should be
t farmer's first coiicern, good enclosures ?
Nothing can be more unbearably provoking,
than after having toifed all the season
:o raise a good crop, Uien to nave the whole
destroyed in a single night.
But besides the security and actual gai?
?f good fences, nothing more than this contributes
to the neatness and good appeafw
ance of a farm, and without this it in ioipo#sible
to do sway the repulsive and condemning
aspect of slovenliness, which indicate*any
thing rather than good husbandry.
But if he is censurable who neglects the*
enclosures about his fields, meadows and
pasture grounds, what shall we amy of himwhose
very garden?a spot which should
rjCall others hi sacred ami secure, is con*
stantly 'profaned by vandal twine* nod
suffered to be trodden down by the "beasts
of the field."?-If he attempt his defence by
saying there is nothing in his garden worth
protecting, we say this too is his fault, and
no less a one than the other, {t is lifcefli&kr
ing drunkenness excuse theft*
By the way, the subject of neatness, taste
and utility in family gardens, deserves a
fuller notice, and shall ere long have# fall
chapter. Jn the mean time lot us improve
the leisure of this winter in preparing to
make all our enclosures substantial and so*
cure before the vernal planting comes about*
How to Improve a Poor Falsi*
Richard A. Leonard, of Middietown, N.
J. has furnished us an account of improving
a worn-out farm, and of the sale of its
products the l ist year J and we regret that
from the great accumulation of matter on
and, wo cannot give his letter in detail.?
We afe obliged to content ourselves witb a
brief abstract of material facts,
Leonard came into possession of QO
acres of cultiyated but exhausted land, in
May, 1833. In that year the safe of?U products
amounted to $550,88 ; in ti*
sales amounted to 8718105;; in ^835, to
81,125,04; and in I93C, cottjjfotfn&JIng