CHERAW GAZETTE
AND
PEE DEE FARMER.
VOLUME IV. CI1ERAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, FRIDAY EVENING, MAY 24. 1?3D. NUMBER XXV11I.
&?0
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
TERM S:
If paid within three months, . . 3 00
II paid within three months after the close
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If paid within twelvo months after the
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If not paid within that time, . 5 00
A company often persons taking the paper at
the same Post OlRce, shall be entitled to it at $25
provided the names be forwarded together, and
accompanied by tho money.
^ No paper to bo discontinued but at tho option
of tho editor till arrearages are paid.
Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines,
inserted for one dollar the first time, and
fifty cents, each subsequent insertion
Persons sending in advertisements are request,
eu t,o specify tho number of times they are to bo
rise* ted; otherwise they will be continued till
ordered out. and charged accordingly.
0*The Poslago must be paid on all cominun'cations*
1
More New Books again.
BY the Oseola just arrived a large supply of 1
now Books has been received, among which
are the following,
In Religious and Theological Literature: ,
Schmidt's Greek Concordance 2 vols 8vo,
Crudcn's Concordance, Scongal's Works, Lime 1
St. Lectures, Boston's Crook in the Lot, Mrs.
Hawke's Memoirs, Methodist Hymns, Ripley's
Notes, Dick's Theology,Townsend's Bible, 2vols. ,
largo 8vo, Gray and Bowen's Bible 2vols 8vo.
calf, Robinson's Lexicon to Greek Testament. !
In Miscellaneous Literature: Marshall's I
Washington 2vol< 8vo, do. do. 12mo, Silk ;
Grower's Guide, Virginia Housewife, Bancroft's j
United States, Book of Hearts, Crockett's Songs
? Miss Leslies Receipts, Cook's own Book, Irwin
g's Astoria, Todd's Index Rerum, Irwing's (
Tour to the Prairies,Rassels Stone's Life of 1
Brandt. (
In School Literature : We'osters, Elementary |
and A ucrican Spelling Books, Dilworth's Do.
Towns' Do., Smith's, Emersons, Pikes. Daboll's, (
and Colburns Arithmetics, Worcester's Primer, J
Lovcll's Young Pupils' First Book, Gailandett's i
Picture Defining and Reading Book, Hazui <
Spellor and Defincr, Young and National j
Reader, American First Class Book, Woodbridges,
Olney's, and Maltebrun Geographies, '
Columbian Orator, Academical and United I
States Speaker*, Goldsmith's Greece ana Koine (
by Pinnock, Parley's First Book of History, f
Tytlers and Robbin's Histories, Robinsons
Book Keeping, Anthon's Latin Lessons, Do. y
Greek do. in Prosody, Ainsvvorth's and Lever, t
ett's Latin Lexicons, Comstock's and Blake's 1
Philosophies, Lincoln's Botany, Comstock's ?
Chemistry, Legendre's Geometry.
In Stationary, D 'mi Record Books, Sealing
wax, Black, Rod, and assorted wafers, India (
Rubber, Steel pens. \
Letter and Foolscap Piper plain and ruled, \
Ever pointed pencils, Bristol, Boards &c.
April, 2, 1839. i
22 tf_ t
Kaisins. J
RAISINS, Almonds, Prunes, Currants and '
Ginger Preserves, for sale by C
DUNLAP & MARSHALL. t
Adril26, 1831). 24 tf s
PROFIT OF IMPROVING POOR LAND* J
To the Editor of the Farmers' Register. j s
Fairfax county, Fa., Feb. 12/A, 1S39. 1
Dear sir?The first number of the Till vol- c
umc ot the Farmers* Register, Ike the pre. ceeding
volumes, has safely come to hand, 11
aril herewith you will receive a check for n
my subscription for the current volume of
your most vuluablo Register. 1 nko send
?""".in/tum (Vr?m mv /nrr.hnnk. not '
J'OU 3 IllCinuiuiiuuiii j ..jj w
in any vain boasting spirit, because although '
the results therein stated are rather large fbr c
Virginia, and especially for Fairfax farming, 1
still manv of your read- rs north of Mason ["
and Dixon's line,may be not a little amused '
at the self complacency with which 1 send 1
forth results, which among them, would be
deemed unworthy of record. But it is not the j
weH, it is the sick, that need ihc physician.
It is not the thorough practical farmer, whose
highly improved lands already return him
50 or 100 fold, who stands in need of .advice
or example to stimulate him to still j
greater exertions. But it is the great mass
of Virginia fanners who, like myself, have I
poor and exhausted lands to operate on ; '
lands which, in their present impoverished
condition, arc scarcely capable of support,
ing the labor necessary for their cultivation.
Hence, in many instances, they are abandoned
by the sons and daughters of the Old
Dominion, who fl e to the far west, in search
of rich lands; which, to b ? sure they find,
but with it, the yawning grave stands ready
to receive the mortal remains of u moiety at
least of emigrants ; who had they have displayed
but half the energy, and have expended
in manures, judiciously applied, less
than a moiety of the cost of removing to
the south or west, might have found themselves
?n possession of fruitful farms in the
land of their fathers ; surrounded by all the
Comforts and pleasures which flow from
health and competency, and the enjoyments
of society with which t'.iev had mingled from
the hour of mirthful youth to the noonday
of manhood. Is this mere fiction, a picture
of fancy, or arc such enjoyments real 1 Are
they not worth one small effort to secure
them ? for one I say they are real, and are
worth an hundrc : times what they wi 1 cost
to obtain them, I have tried it, and may now
speak advisedly. The first steps toward
it, are to cultivate less land and do it better,
collect and apply at proper times, and in due
season, all the manure that can be raked
and scraped about the premises, if your
land is deficient ol'calcarcous matter, supply
it nithpr hv the aDnlieation oflirne, tn irl, or
boaedust. Cos! what it may, it will repay !
you, and with double interest, and although j
your means may not admit of your improv.
ing more than one single acre the first year, i
the increased products of that acre will cn. ;
able you to improve two the second, and
from those two vuu may improve (with the
help of the first ?ne) s>x the third yenr, and
twelve or fifeen the fourth year, and so on
progressively. For if it be true, that money,
makes money, so too, in a pre-eminent de?
gree, does manure make mai.ure, for there
is no usurious law to limit the interest which
the farmer may draw from hit manure bank.
I was thirty years of age when i com.
menced farming, and I affirm that no regu?
lar farmer in Virginia ever commenced under
such appalling circumstances as I did.
In 1619 I found myself in possession of
140* acros of land, one half in wood, the
other in h^n-grassand de-'p gullies, without a
pannel of fence or a balding of any description
on it, and without a wheel-barrow load
of manure or any thing to make it of. 'Tis
true, I was in the receipt of about U7U0 a
year from another source ; but what was
that when compared with my wants??
Houses to build laborers to hire, feed and
cftjffre farm to srock, myself with somewhat
extravagant habits to support, &c &c ; in
short, every thing to buy nothing to sell!!
and what svas worse than all, discouraged
at every step by my neighbors, who, mostly
affirmed, that Fairfax land could not be improved
; and some went so far as to say,
that clover and plaster would even impoverish
it, whilst others declared that plaster of.
Paris would not act at all in Fairfax, to
which my general reply was, "Tiltry it." I
was adrift in the world, without any spot on
the wide earth to which I could point as my
home. 1 had to choose between the life of
i wanderer, wasting my little income in ho.
'"I linnodo ai> tit ctmrrlinrr I
<-.'13 anu uuaiuillg liuuoi.^) ui uuuguiig
against the thick array of difficulties above 'numerated,
in endeavoring to build up for
nyselfa home and a resting placs in my
)wn native land. I chose the latter, and ]
[ rejoice in the decision, and a kind proviIcnce
has smiled upon my exertions, and
;pared mo to enjoy the fruits of my labors,
vhich have not altogother been lost, (though
rften injudiciously applied even on Fairfax
'and. To what extent I have succeeded, it
ivould not become me to say; suffice it that
ny farm on which I reside in the enjoyment
)f wife, children, and friends, has grown
roni 100 (for I sold 40 acres of the original
vood lot, to get money to help along with)
o 420 acres, including the 40 sold, which I
lave since bought back. The whole amply
itocked with the choisest varieties of fruitrees,
all planted by my own hands. The .
irable land is in good heart, s ime o it upon
vhich 1 have applied lime, only commenced r
vith six years ago, is first-rite. Buildingsf j
o the amount of ten thousand dollars have s
)cen erected, and of live-stock, and agricul- r
ural implements there is an abundant store. Jj
\nd next to the comfortable provision which j
have thus made for the accommodation t
>f my family, when I am no longer present
o supply their wants, is the satisfaction of t
ppincr thn success of mv exDeriment not t
3 * ? " w <
dtogether unheeded by my neignbors, who a
>egin to think that Fairfax lands may be
mproved, though some are not yet quite n
ure that the experiment may not be a little ?
ike the Indian's gun, "cost more than it will n
ome to." To such [ would say, try it for
^ourselves, begin with a single acre if no c
nore. Others there are among us who will 6
iot improve their land because their taxes n
rould increase as the intrinsic valuo of the d
ind is enhanced ! Tliis I assure you, is a
weighty argument with some, especially with g
he tenantry, whoso rents would also be in u
reased if they should improve; and in the Q
otal absence of any legislative encournge- q
ncn! to the agriculturist, this rule of taxution 6
ihi something the appearance of imposing 8
i fine on a man for improving his land b
Thos. ap C. Jones. f
Product of ten acres of land on the Sharon
Farm, in Fairfax county Va.t improved
by liming and manuring, for the year J
193S.
? ... i , % ?mt | c
five acres of wheat proaucea 11#
bushels, at SI. 60, .$187 20 c
Straw of the same, j 28 25 11
Three acres produced eleten tons 16 ?
cwt. of cured clover hay, worth on d
the farm 50c. per cwt. j 130 00 a
Clover seed from the same ground,' n
2 1-2 bush, worth $15 00 per! f
bushel. I ?750
Rye?the straw from one-fourth of c
an acre, I 12 00 s
Three-fourths of an acre in sugar-! tl
beets, ruta baga, carrots and tur-| ji
nips?not more thanone.fitli of an I
average crop, iu consequence of (
drought, but according to present
prices worth $75 00, 75 00 .
Fruit and cider 9old from peach and
apple trees growing on the above r
land, 25150 t
One acre of turnips, gross amount, | i
as per statement No. 1, (below,) 235 20 c
Apples and cider and other fruits r
consumed at home, and what re- (
mains on hand at this time, 86 00
Five pigs raised in a pen, and fed on
grass and offal fruit from t e above
ground, and kitchen slop, killed at 1
t n months old, weighed 734 lbs. <
of rpn?a- is 72 1
deduct two bbls. ) g QO '
of corn for last > I
feeding, )
' 50 72 50^2 !
1,113 $7
* This lot of 140 acres was designated in
the division (by which it fell to me) of a large
landed estate, by the commissioners, as lot
No. 3, "Poor Hill."
f It is not to be understood that these buildings
have been erected, or the additions to my
land been paid for directly out of the proceeds ;
of the farm. But the farm affording me a
living, has enabled tne to apuly other resources
to these o- jects; which, without the farm,
would have been exhausted in the current
support of myself and fimily.
| The county assessor, acting under a law
of the last session of the assembly, has added
Ono thousand ono hundred and thirteen pi;
dollars und thirty.seven cents, from which wi
I leave tho reader to make his own deduc- he
tion for the year's expense of cultivation and wl
marketing. This much I affirm, that no ha
aero of the above land, except tho one in thi
turnips last year, has ever cost $15 to im- ou
prove it, and that every acre has paid me as
from $25 to $50 annually since the lime pr
and manure were applied : always doubling ch
or trebling the cost of improvement ihvjirsl *?n
year. wc
sir
Dr. One acre of Fairfax land in accyt with
the owner.
fac
1&38 l'o saleable value of the land i res
$9 00, 8, 00
60 bushels of lirno at 12 1-2 nf
per buahel. 7 50
No. 1 Paid for h iuling the same 8 cai
miles. 3 c. per bushel. 3 75
25 bush, bone manure,* bought the
in Ro.xbury, Maes, at 35c bai
per bush. $8 57 the
Package, freight, 1 tou
hauling, spread- J- 0/0 me
ing, &c. &c. )
$12 50 12 50 Pai
Ploughing, harrowing, rolling, sla
hauling and spreading ma. but
n re from farm-yard, turnip fari
seed and after-culture, inclu- the
ding three bushels of plaster- for
of-Paris. 9 40 for
Cost of marketing the crop, 12 00
J $ 53115 P
?. froi
Contra, ^ce
_____ boi
.838 By 187 bushels of turnips, sold and
in Georgetown and Wash- and
ington city, at an average of oeii
' SI 10 per bush, is $205 70. $205 70 aw.
By 40 bush, consumed by the .1 '
family, 44 00 ttl?1
By 5 bush, reserved for seed, 5 50 ""a'
one
255 20 den
Present value of the land, say or t
$50 00 50 00 j
? I.. Aim
300 25
Per Contra, 53 10 me.'
?? ? Pet
$'<252 05 tow
cou
will
* This is my first improvement with bone pier
nanure ; and it will be seen that it consti- woi
ute8 the heaviest item of expenses in the t^c
tbove table; equal, and even greater results .
night have been secured by substituting ma- P
lure made on the farm for the bone manure. an ,
Fho labor and all other, expenses, I have set anc"
own at the highest rates and cash prices, aL be
hough performed by my own hands and teams, nun
o that in fact, the lime and plaster constitute met
he only absolute cash expenditure to which ,ng
he farmer is su jected in improving his land ^
bout here.
I have made various applications of the bone 11
manure to grass and grain seeded last fall, and w,t'
hall continue them through spring. If I am
pared to see the results, they shall be com- sho
lunicated to you in due time. pro,
Two hundred and fifty-two dollars and five jon,
ents, the net proceed of one acre of land in a .? *
ingle crop, in return for 823 75 laid out in
aanure. The cash expended was not sixty P
ays out of pocket. ,mP
II is proper here to remark, that owing to the Pro<
nprecedented drought, turnips were very the <
carce in market, and were consequently un- sup]
sually high. From the same cause, however, reta
iy crop was not half of an average one in
uantity. I have made in a very good season j
00 bushels per acre, and 450 might be con- ,
idered an average crop; which, at 371-2 per den
ushel, a fair average price, form data by which P'IC
he turnip crop in this vicinity may be correct- war
f estimated. I
Thos. ap C. Jokes. ing!
Sharon, near Prospect Hill, \ Jor
Fairfax Co. Va. Feb. 11, 1839. $ haf
van
[I fis seldom our usage to accompany the I t,j0
ommunicatons of correspondents with at wo.
ommentary of encomium; and never wn<
nerely for t'tc purpose of paying personal n,jj
omp imeuts to the writers. However well by
leserved such praises may be, and much tors
s our feelings may urge the expression of Ed
pprobation of such articles, and of thanks
or the service to our publication thereby
on\eyed, still, for several and obvious reaons,
we have deemed it best, and have I
hroughout so acted, to leave our readers to q
iiflge lor ihemsolvcs of the degree of excel
encc of communications, and of the value ^
>f their qontents. It is only when some sjnc
>pinion therein stated requires cspcially to q
)e noticed, either for explanation, recom- (jen
nendation, or dissent and reprehension, ou
hat we deem it necessary and proper, and ^ol]
n no manner disrespectful to any other of |jjr(
>ur contributors or readers, to offer com- jn c
nents of our own. On this occasion we j
:annot refrain from calling attention to the j
jncommon and valuable facts stated above j yea
? and s?ill more to the circumstances under j
which the improvements were made ; be- j Yet
?u ?mnrn than ! the
ZQllSt? intai: tntunistdii^co c*uu IUVM %?
;he results, prove that hundreds of thousands weI
af acres in Virginia, may bo highly improved,
and wiih great profir, which have
served merely as places of temporary sojourn
for individuals or families, until they
had spent their estates, and taken the next
movement, to ihe western wilderness. VVe Ma
allude more especially to the county which
surrounds each of our towns, and is near
enough to supply their markets. Commodore
Jones1 farm is so far removed from one
of these, that few individuals so situated As
would have thought of using it as a vegetable de:
market; and stiil fewer as a source of sup- the
? un
just 100 per cent, upon the value of my land;
of course I shall have to pay double taxes ; .
but I doirt consider myself much the worse
for it, seeing that my products have increased j C'1
? -> mn/-H cTrpafpf ratio '
Ill tl '
y for manures as heavy as limn. Yei
10, among the most sanguin-', could h ive
ped for more improvement of soil 7 t-Jf
to, among the most avaricious, could
ve required more claar profit in farming,
an he has achieved ? If the position of
r correspondent should be even considered
on the utmost verge of the territory im?
oveable by vicinitv to towns, still the cir3
around each would be 18 miles in dimeter,
and the whole space so improved
>uld yield net agricultural profits surpas g
those now derived from one third of
* state. Besides, in each of these ci. cles.
If the proprietors would have means and
tilities far better than those of our coripondent,
either in closer vicinity to the
trket for salo of products, and the source
supply of putrescent manures?of water
Phage?or of beds of marl, on the spot,
ich would save the most costly, and yet
i most profitable expenditure which he
3 incurred, for the purchase of lime. Yet
se parts of our country surrounding the
rns.so susceptible of profitable improve,
nt, are, with a few rare exceptions in
rticular farms, anions the poorest in the
ie. Especially around this one, Peters
g, and even within the distance of the
m of our correspo: dent from his market,
re are lands having ten-fold advantages
improvement, and which would now sell
86 the acre, and which bring no real
fit to the present cultivators even at that |
cc of purchase, or valuation of capital,
t there is marl either on, or not distant
m these lands, and the richest of pu're..
nt manures in the town, which may be
ight for 25 cents per load of 20 bushels ;
I of which nine-tenths rot in the town,
I serve only to poison its air, bccauso the
jhboring farmers will not move them
ly at that low price, or even if given to
m. There might be secured, within six
es of this town, independent fortunes for
i hundred improvers like our corresponi,
on tracts ofland which now yield little
nothing to their cultivators.
$ut to all this the answer is ready, from
ry one wh? is thus neglectful of the
ins proposed: "If all within six miles of
ersburg, or even of the more populous
n of Richmond, were to pursue this
rse, the markets would bo soon glutted
i supplies from the land ; and the now
itiful and cheap sources of manure
ild be used up, without supplying half
demand." So it micht be, if all wee
ncc to adopt the same course of reform
improvement. But no such fortunate
general and simultaneous change is to
expected, or hoped for; and for any
iber who will take the course recomided,
there is no danger of their wanteither
the proper supply of manure, or
demand failing for their products. And
n the earliest possible time, every firmer
tin ten miles of Washington, Richmond
dericksburg, Petersburg, and Norfolk,
aid improve bis land and increase his
Jucts as much and as rapidly as Com
es has done, there can be but little questhat
their markets, both for sales an '
chases, would grow as fast as their own
rovemenis. The very poverty and unluctiveness
of the adjacent country, and
consequent scarcity and high price ol
plies to the markets, is one cause that
rds the growth of the towns; and even
igh a better supply of the markets might
jce prices somewhat, ye1 by making the
land larger and alw.ivs certain, the sun
cr? - v ' ?r
rs would, on the whole, be better re.
ded than now.
t would be one of the greatest of bif.ss.
5 to Virg nia if her other own nativen
sons would generally do as this one
done; but if not, it would be the next in
ie if some hundreds of ;he more indusus,
prudent, and economical Yankees
>ld come and colonize the agricultural
>tes which are to be found within a few
es of each of our towns, and profit fully
the resources which the present propriei
neglect, and suffer to be totally lost.?
. F. R.] *
From the New England FarmerI
IOUNTY ON SILK IN MASSACHUSETTS.
[V Secretary of State, by :he direction
he house, has laid oefore the legislature
amount paid in the form of bounties,
lethe act of 11th April, 1836.
rhe returns embrace the names and resir\f
rlmmnntc *V>?? numKpl rtf
Vis VI lliv VIMIIIIWIIW | Mrv kli?||IVV? W I
nds of coccons raised ; the number of
nds of silk reeled ; the number of pounds
>wn ; and the amount of bounty granted
:ach instance.
iVe subjoin the aggregate for the four
rs :?
Aggregate
ir when "d "d *3 H
no o o _ o
w rrants o a a s ? ? ^
I "3 w3 IC. 3
e drawn. go- 3 - Sf =*- ?r?*T
o? ffi 33 g * ?22
? O 5*2) ? 2> o 5 f
*k CO ? P*?< s
5? 55* ^
1836 613.2 36.10 11.2 $85 20
1837 1001.8 109.1 65.11 187 51
1838 1854.15 149.9 110 9 350 52
r. G, 1839 2631 190.6 79 8 397 99
6100.9 525.10 296.14 ?1021 22
Secretary's Office, March 14, 1839.
This great interest i9 just in its infancy,
i havn alwnv* believed and said, it is
stined to be one of the great interests of
j country; but we must wait patiently
til the mulberry speculation has ceased,
at least abated, before much progress can
made in the raising of siilc. Of the dene
of the disease there is at present little
ospeet. A sale of mulberry tr?p* thr
t l ist week, l as gone far beyond any which
i have been made before. We shall ven
ture no predictions, but calmly wait the |
event. ]
From the Second Report of the Agriculture
of Massachusetts.
DAIRY HUSBANDRY.
[ proceed to speak now of nnother of the
great interests of the agriculture of Berk,
j shire?the dairy. <
I The dairy business has always been a i
great business. For a time it gave way to
the raising of fine wool, when the prices of |
that staple were high. Since the abatement
of the demand for wool, with that caprice <
for which mankind always have been, and i
there is reason to think always will be re- i
markable, many farmers hav? sacnfi>*<d
their flocks; and are now giving their x- <
elusive attention to the dairy husbandry.? i
These changes, in matters so import mt <s
the dairy or the sheep husbandry involving, /
as they do, a considerable investment of c
capital, and many expensive fixtures, cannot
bo suddenly or frequency made without s
risk of serious loss and disadvantage, r
The county of Berkshire is admirably 2
adapted to the dairy husbandry. Grass is c
every where abundant. The soil is suited I
to the cultivation of esculent vegetable in the |
highest perfection. Several increasing 1
manufacturing vilages, with their swarm, c
population, require supplies from the farms
in the vicinity. Besides this, the great ?
mart of the country, the city of New York, u
is easily accessible. Most of the farmers v
in Berkshire can reach Hudson with their c
produce, by a journey of four to eight hours, w
and put on board the boats at four o'clock
P. M., it is in New York by an early hour c
the next morning. The farmer usually al- ||
lows two cents a pound commission for the /
? i < i 1 i
| freight ana saie or nis ouuer; ana, upon /
! other produce, it is -equally reasonable.? fi
; He does not return from the river empty; o
b it carries home a load of plaster, or of
I articles of necessity for his family. The c
great roads to the river, after tho hills are It
surmounted, are among the best in th?*
whole country. The rail-road, already tl
open from Hudson to West Stockbridge.
will afford to many of the farmers all the 4
facilities they can desire for reaching the
Hudson river. q
Produce and expenses*
1. Egremont.?I will, in this place, state, 51
as an example, the operation of a farmer V
who resided about twenty-five miles from
Hudson. The great object of his attention
was the making of butter, which was sold
every week in in the New York market.
From 18 cows he sold 2400 lbs. I utter,
at 23 cts. net. With these cows he fed 17 V
spring pigs until October, Wiose average- 0
weight was 177 lbs. each; half of this pork,
-ay 88 lbs., was to be credited to the cow.
f Ie is of opin on, ihat when pork is 810 per S
100 lbs., a cow will give at least 89 worth h
of pork per year.
Cow, Cr. L
133 lbs. butter, at 23 c's.,
(comm. paid,) $30 59
P^rk, 8 00
$38 59
Paid Tlr
W?T| V|?
Wintering, $12 00 t(
Pasturing, 5 00 b
Salt, 25 ir
Interest on $25, 10 per o
cent, risks included, 2 50 <
$ 19 75 ai
la
Profrsofa cow, $18 84 tt
It is understood, that no extra feed is, in
this case, given to the cow; and the butter is
and milk used in the family, it is supposed, h
will fully pay for the attendance. This is a
a fair profit ; but it is, as 1 think, wc shall &
presently see, much less than it should be. p
No animal is better entitled to good keep- it
ing than a cow ; because none makes a o
more libf ral return for all the extra kind, d
ness a d feed and attention bestowed on c<
her.
In another dairy, nine cows made c
1550 lbs. of butter, and 390 lbs. of II
cheese. w
Another dairy of twenty cows produced, c
of butter, 500 lbs.; of new milk cheese, it
4000 lbs. h
In this town, two acrrs of land are deem. |>
ed sufficient for pasturing a cow or fatting n
a steer. Twenty head of cattle, made up ti
I- 1 .i 1, r.,? ,i
I oi Cows auu wre?; year uiu stceo, wcjc ??i- ?
ted upon thirty acres of land. t<
T> e subject of dairy-produce is of such h
importance, that 1 shall give various returns
and calculations. I omiUnames ; I should ?
be glad to give them, and in a majoriiy of <
cases it might not be disapproved ; but a i
fear of giving oflence, or of being thought
to take an improper liberty, or of interrupting
that freedom of communication, which
I wish should subsist between myself and
the farmers, and which seems indisj e isable
to the success of the survey, induces I
me to withhold them, save where permission
| has been explicitly granted, or the nature of I
the case renders it obviously proper. The
statements, which I give, rest up n undoubted
authority.
2. In Otis.?Twenty cows gave 5003
lbs. new milk cheese, for sale; each averaging
also 25 lbs. of butter; 600 lbs. of '
cheese wero also used in the family.
Cow, Cr.
290 lbs. cheeso, at 8 cts., $22 40
25 lbs. butter, at 20 cts., 5 00
, Calf, 4 00
Pork, 26 lbs. at 6 cts., 4 56
*32 96
%
Cow, Dr.
Wintering, $12 00
Pasturing. 5 00
Interes on cos' of cow
$15?10 p r cent., $1 50
Labor and attendance, 2 16
$20 66
Balance in favor of cow, $12 24
3. Lanesboro\?Sal?\s from 12 ? ows .
shet-se a 12 cts.; butter at 25 cts.; grow
iniount. $6 )0
No account in this case is made of sup)lies
in the family.
4. Sandisjield.?The average yield of a
:ow in ordinary seasons is rated at 250 lbs.
>vith common keeping. By extra keeping,
he quantity is increase 1 to 3a0 or 400 I' 8.
The quantity of buiter in a<i<)i ion, to each
ow is supposed o bo from 40 to 50 lbs.,
where new milk cheese is m ade.
The amount of cheese made in Sandis**
i I J, in 180 7, was estimated by a most
competent authority, at 300.000 ibs.
Another farmer, with a dairy of 15 cows
itates the average product or a cow. if she
ai<cs her calf, at 250 lbs,; if otherwise*
100 lbs.; and 25 Ibs. but'er also, from each
:ow. Four hogs m ay be kept o 20 cows;
n this way, weighing 100 lbs. in the spring*
hey, they will w?igh 300 lbs. in the falh
40 ibs. of pork is to be credited to 5
ows.
Tne cost of wintering a <iow here, is ra?
3d at $10; pasturage, $4. A good dairy
/oman will take charge of thirty cows,
/ith assistance in milk ng and in handling
heese. II?*r wages will be $1 50 per week
rith board
5. In Tyringkam. the average yield of A
ow is reckoned at new milk cheese, 283
bs., and butter at the same time, 67 lbs.
l dairy of 28 cows gave 7912 lbs. buiter.
I large amount of pork *as fatted on this
irm; but ir is difficult to say what portioa
fit is to be credited to the dairy*
6* In Shrfietd, the average product of 28
ows was 394 lbs. new ir.dk cheese, and 50
is of butter each.
The product of a cow is thus stated hv
lis excellent manager:
Cow, Cr.
00 lbs. new milk cheese,
at 8 cts., $32 00
alf, (killed at three davs
old,) ' 1 00
0 lbs. butter, at 16 2-3. 8 38
/hey and buttermilk,
make one hundred lbs.
pork, 8 00
$49 88
Supra, Dr.
/inter keeping, 12 00
ne acre of land costing
$50 will pasture the
cow, 8 50
It 25jc:g? 8 bs. bran $3, 3 25
l'ereat on the value of
cow at $25, 10 per ct. 2 50
tabor of milking, ma.
king bu ter, cheese dec., 4 00
$25,28
Balance in favor of the cow, $24 08
The quantity of land estimated for pas*
>rage in this case seems small. It muit
e small tor h general rule; another farmer
1 t< e same town assured the <hat he kept
ne yoke o' ox?*n all the season, and one
orse h df t ie ?< ason, on two and a half
ltus of laud, which he showed me. The
md had been grca;!/ benefitted by plastr.
7. In New Marlboro\ the yield of a cow
i estimated at 300 lbs* new milk cheese ; 4
ogs are kept to 20 cows ; 2 tons of hay
re deemed requisi:e for a cow ; value of hay
}!d $10 ; but if the farmer can realize 80
er ton for it used on the place, he deems
better than to sell it. Eight to ten ticn s
f laud her *, with the use of plash lr, is
itemed sufficient for the pas.urage of lour
o vs.
>t. In flrfi.nl Tinrrinnfnn Q rnufi i\r, A.n
ed 1900 lbs. new milk cb< ese ai d 80J
js. butter. It) ano h* r case from 8 cows
rere sold of butter 200 lbs., of near milk
heese 1225 lbs. In .mother case 5 cows
trough the season, and an additional cow
all"the season, from 1st. June ;o 10th Nov.,
reduced 651 lbs. bu ter; and 200 lbs. new
i.lk cli ese. In this case the weekly reams
were given. The same farmer says,
iiat liis cows will average one pound of but*
rr p< r d y hrough the seasoo. He states
us cow account thus :
Cow Cr.
^00 lbs. butter at 20 cts., $40 00
Half raised, 2 00
Gutter milk, and skim milk
for pork, equal to all the
care,
$42 00 .
Supra, Dr.
Wintering, 2 tons of hay, $16 00
Pasturing, 25 cis. per
week, 26 weeks, 6 50
[nt. on cost of cow 820 at
2 00
* V I vvuiv _
124 80
ProSis of a cow, $17 00
9. In Alford% the actual yield of a cow
ivas as follows:
Butter, 240 lbs. sold.
Cucese 100 lbs. do., besides using what
milk and butter were required by two per.
sons. Sho had Iter own skimmed milk,
but no meal or grain. She consumed, as
ascertained, two tons of hay j and her pas*
turuge was 25 Cfs. per week.
10. In West Stockhridge the report g?reh