sernmcmt-of honor and courage than wag
then exhibited- The lionest payment of
d >bt?the Iiomely duty of private life was
elevated by its universality into a senti.
meat of national honor, as the whole coun-!
try in mass pressed forward to its perfor !
mance, as to some sacred and patriotic :
obligation. Whatever could be paid, was :
paid instantly and cheerfully j what it was
impossible to pay at once, was secured '
wi lt ample interest for the delay, with an
utter abandonment of mere selfishness, and
a disregard of any pecuniary sacrifice ne*!
ccksury to fuifil their engagements. Ac* j
cordingly, the manner in which the United i
States have settled their immense com-;
?nerc:al debt to Europe is a lasting monu
mcnt of their integrity. No country could
have better perlbimcd its duty. Even in'
the calmest moments of prosperity such a'
settlement could scarcely be imagined us :
was accomplished amidst the general wreck
a r 11 !. 4, ; A , "j !
}j:i i contusion 01 au us greai interests wun
wijicii rtio country was afflicted. The consequence,
is that the general credit of the
couwry never stood higher than at this
moment ; for it Ins now earned n distinc:itic:ion
entirely exclusive and characteristic
?that while the Go\'ernmont of the United
States is the only Government on earth
that has ever paid to the last cent its national
debr, tlie People ofthe United States
have discharged their private engagements
witii an unexampled fidel ty. A civil glory
this, worth a thousand victorieslithe
inidst of these troubhs the char,
aeter of our institutions was threatened by '
a comhina ion of politicians in Pennsylvania,
<% In endeavored to establish, as the
b.isis of American legislation, that a charter
or oili'M* engagement made by any S:ate
Leiri slaturo was hahle to bo annulled by
?ny subsequent Legislature?and stili more
cflecunlly by any political meeting called
a Convention?which is only another form
of extraordinary legislation ; and an attempt
was announced to carr that dogma into
effect at a Convention then approaching.
The assertion of such a right by the S ate
Government to annul u!l its engagements
to foreigners, put forth at a moment when
the country was laboring under a temporary
inability to pay i s debts, was calculated to
destroy all ccuft-h nce iu die integrity of
our American institutions, and I therefore
said to von in mv letter?" This must not !
v *
be. It must bo decided whether this Pen- !
nsv.'vania of ours is a virtuous conimuni- i
tv, or a mere society of piund- rs. Nor
will the honor of the State be relieved, ei.
ther at; home or abroad, from the stain
which a few small politicians wish 'o fix !
upon her, until the Convention adop s some i
i .1 i
solemn oeciuruiuu mm mt-re is uu j.u.vi i (
in this nation capable of violating the sa-1
ered engagements oftheSta'o authorities.!
That should bo done ; ant) if any < (Torts of;
mine may avail, that shall be done. Tor
, the honor of this Stale, lor the character J
of her sister States, and for the stability of ;
cur popular instilutious." I
Accordingly, when th? Convention met,'
one cfits most decided acts was the following
resolution, piss.d on the 21st of Nov. 1
ember, 1837 :
" Resolved, Tiia* it is the sense of this '
Convention, that a cli irier only granted eno'er
an act of Assembly t > a bank or o'her .
private corporation is, when accepted, a
contract with the parties to whom the giant;
is made. And if such charter be unduly !
granted or subsequently misused, it may be
avoided by the judgment of a court ofjustice
* in duo course of law and not otherwise, unless
in pursuance of a power expressly reserved
in the charter."
The obligation of the State Legislatures :
1? fulfil nl! their engagements made with j
foreigners, and the nnxicy ofindividuals to 1
pay their foteign debts, being thus es'ab- J
lished, the next care was to enable both to }
comply with their contracts at ns little sac. :
rifiCe as possible. !t was due (o foreigners j
that every debt should be paid ; i: was due !
to ourselves to make the ukm oi our re-1
sources in the settlement. Now these re. 1
sources consis'ed mainly in the public se- !
curities, and the-s'aple productions of the !
Country. The shock of suspension wou'd j
of course sink both to the lowest point of:
depression, and it seemed expedient :o save j
them from sacrifice by two measures up. '
plicable to each.
There Can scarcely be any form of so- ;
curify more safe than the pecuniary engage- 1
mentsof the States. They have a tuost
luxuriant soil, vain ible products, infinite na- '
tural advantages, untiring industry in de? '
veloping them. They have every thing j
hut money ; and for that they are able to pay,
and willing to pay, much more than the less i
ptoduciive industry of Eufope can afford i,
to pay. Their loans, too, instead of being !.
wasted in wars or extravagance, go to the I;
direct improvement of the borrow ng States; j
so that there can be no b< t'.er application cf ,
fiie means of any European capitalist than >(
to double his income by American invest- I
ments. Yet all these requ re knowledge,!,
local information, the means of exciting',
confidence ; and it was thought most ex_ !'
pedieni to establish an American ogvncv in (}
* i '.i... i
JjoncJon, as me common ceuiru anu mo j
general support of all American securities, i
where, in addi ion to the appropriate bust- j ^
ness of the Bank itself all the public and I j
corporate stocks of the States might find j jf
shelter and protection. jj
In hke manner the derangement of the f j
currency placed the staples of the South en- !
tirely at the mercy of the foreign purchas- j e,
er, who could have dictated the terms of j |
sale to the prostrated planter. It was J '
thoughf proper to avert that evil making ad- j ^
vances on Southern produce. This had i
two effects. The first was, to provide re- ;
mittance to pay its own bonds in Engl md ri
issued to New York merchants in their ex. ?
treme distress : for, as the Bank could not !
of course pnrchase these staples, it made '
advances upon them in the Soutli, icceivir.g
in exchange bills on Europe.? ( cc
The second clTeet was, to introduce i tin
into the market u new competition, and i ^
thus prevent the unconditional subjec- j .
ion of the planter to the foreign purchas-;
<_r. These advances were maoc not, as ui P'
-o ,r:uiv piJfccoa! se."!M'i;v
of trie merchants, which the confusion of all j f
private credit would have rendered too haz- j t
ardous?but on the actual shipment of the ! j
produce to an American hor.se in England,;
willing and able to protect American prop..;
erty from the reckless waste with which it j
has been too often thrown into the market j
with an entire disregard of ail American in- j
tercRts. The combination of these causes? j
the application of * apital on this side, and
the prudent reserve on the other?has saved
to the planting interest an amoun j
which i: is difficult to estimate below ten or! j
fifteen millions of dollars. I believe, too,)
that nearly one-half of the commercial J ,
debt of this country to Europe has been j (
paid by tho mere difference between the ac- f
tual sales'of the securities and the prices j
they would have realized had ihey been
thrown unprotected itro the hands of Euro- ,
peans. Tncse measures were essentially |
of a temporary na'ure ; they w<:r.; measures \
of emergency, adopted in the midst of a <
! public calamity, and to be discontinued ,
I with the nccessi y which caused them. A? <
. soon, therefore, as the capital and in iustry j
j of Urn country had lime to subside into i |
' their accustomed channels, these opera ions j \
j were relinqu shed, art J now t:ioy have to- i i
| tally and finally ceased. i
! Iff. During these movem-nts, it became .
' important to unders'and distinctly the course |
! of the Government. In my letter to )ou of j i
: the 6ih of April lust, I stated my " convic- ,
! * tion that there cou'd he no safe or porma- jj
ncnt4 resumption of specie payments by the : j
banks unt ! the policy of4 ihe Government j i
| towards them was changed.M Ti.is change j (
was soon and happily made. On the 3:>tli j
; of May, the specie circular, requiring pay-j |
rnpn's m co:n in the Kind offices, was re- ,
pealed by Congress. On the 25th of Juno, I ,
the bill called the sub-Treasurv, requiring |
i coin in all payments to the Government, i
j wns negatived* In the month of July tin; .
; Govrrnmont ogivcd to receive au nntscipa. (
i ted payment of the bonds of the hank to the
; the amount of b 'tween four and five million* |
; of dollars in a credit to the Treasurer on (
i the books of the bank, and arrangements |
were made for ihe more distant public dis
burscmcnts in ihe notes of the hank. Th *so |
arrangements, as honorable to the Excu,
tivc officers as they were beneficial to toe (
public service, brought th Gov. rnment into ;
efficient co-operation lor the re-es'ablish- [ t
ment of the currency, an 1 opened the way j (
to a resumption of specie payments. Th3t i i
resumption accordingly took place through- [ I
out the Mulle States on h-1 13m of August, 1 (
and in many of me Southern and Western ! !
v I
S a cs soon after. j [
V. It remained only to aiJ some of the ;
SouthwesternS ates lor t ie same object. :
Their activity in extending their pub ic nnd I
priw.lt; imj moments had made them dob. j (
tor States, and depreciated their currency ' <
by its excess. I5'U thr,v had abundant re- j |
sources and perfect willingness to p.?y ; and i i
a'l that was nee led seemed io be n longer j r
period to recruit their exhausted ni a is, so i
as to derive from the approaching crops*, by t
a short anticipation, abili y to meet their u
engagements, i lie tJanlc ol the United ! a
States lias used its utmost endeavors for j ii
tint purpose, by making advances to t?se j
amount of many m llions to the banks in ! t
these States ; a i of whom will, it is presum- J
ed, by the mon'li of January, resume spe- j
cie pnynieuts, and thus complete the circle
of resumption throughout the whole Union. ;
And now upon reviewing the events j
which followed the suspension, it is a j
source of great gratification to see that all j,
that it was designed to do has betn done. | (
It was proposed to protect the character ' {
of the country from the first shock of the J p
suspension to efleet the honorable discharge i v
of our foreign debt wi ll the least sacrifice of j
the property of the debtors?to vindicate the ]
good faith of the S:ute Legislatures?tod is- Q
courage all premature attempts to resume r
--bu\ by a cautious delay for those State? ^
which were less prepared, accomplish a un:- ,|
versa! resumption. All these are done, and ; r
the troubles of the country have happily i t,
ceased. Ia
Of llio future it is difficult to speak ; u: ! c
in that future, the Bank of tho United S a es, J
will no longer occupy its past positions j n
The Batik of the United States had ceased j p
to be a national insti ution in 18-33, and j ]j
was preparing to occupy its new place as a : p
State bank, when the troubles of 1837 '
forced it in some degree back into its old ; n
position ; and it then devoted all i s power to 1 ^
assist in carrying tho country unhurt j p
through its recent troubles. Having done ! t|
this, its extraordinary duties ceased. For; rj
the future, it abdicates this involuntary poiv-jv
er : It has no longer any responsibility to ; [3
the Union. It has no longer any.contro-1 R
versics with the Government or the Union. ! ;i
ft now desires only repose, an I it will take j j,(
s rank hereafter, as a simple State Institu.
ion,devoted exclusively to its o.vn special j ja
toncerns. j
I r juice, too, tliat this new posi.ioii of, m
he bank absolves me from many cares j jn
rnd duties. In the general confusion of < a]
>ublic affairs during the last two years, it! (j,
las been my lot to be more prominent lhao ' as
ny own inclination prompted, and often in,
0 assume a station which would have belter
itted others. But public calamities justiiy m,
lie apparent forwardness thev require, as
reat dangers are best met by defying VV?
lent. My task is now ended, and I glad- | W{l
r withdraw from these responsidiih'esJ JCS
arrying with nte the only satisfaction I | n|)(
ver sought in them?the consciousness of! to ,
avi g .one my <'u.y to the country as a | pja
Dot. ?i. With great regarJ. yours, J ,j0J
;c. out
N. BIBLE. Ba
To the Hon. John* Qcincy Adams. tj1;j
Washington. the
TflE MAIL CONTRACTS. j [jJe
This being a subject which so much con- it \
rns both the interest and convenience of niai
e public, and one which has, in some 'y r
;ices caused no little complaint and ex. enc
1 was
cmcnt, we make room for the follownig e(j f
pers. The first is from the Post Master and
n^ra' 'o two of the m'Tiibors of ','?n2resc ' "?'cd
rom North Carolina, and ihe other from j!
he President of tl?J Fredericksburg and 1
Richmond It tilroad.
l'rorn the Raleigh Standard.
Post Office Department, > j
Dec. 14?u, 1833. ]
Hon. M. T. Hawkins, and )
II jn. YVm. Montgomery. $
IIjusj of Representatives.
Gen'lemen :?i have just received vour
otter of t:tis date in which you say :?
" Wo have been informed that the daily
nail 4 service fiom the Roanoke to Ralegh
is to b.* discon'inuod, and tri-weel;ly
service substituted in its stead, faom some
ioint on tin Wilmington Rail Road, &c."
In reply I have the honor to state, that
the information given you is unfounded in j
ran, and vvholy misrepresents the intuitions
of the Department. As stated to ono j
you 6Drne days ago the Depnrment has |
ao thought ol depriving Raileigh or Fay- '
Mieville of a daily mail.
From Railegh south to Augusta Geo.
[he bids for carrying the great mail, after!
trie 1st of January next, were, under both |
the regular and supplemental adveitise- j
mcnts, so cxliorbitant in the compensation !
asked , as to forbid their acceptance.?The i
bid of the Gaston and Rnileigh Rnil Road 1
Company was deemed not unreasonable.!
and was accepted ; but that company re. ;
f.s d to enter into con tact, unless the De. j
partment contracted also wi lithe Rail Road ,
3 mpanics in Virginia with whom ihey !
20 nect. Tno b ds ol those Companies I
weie inn Imissible in amount and tramelled ;
by c mditions to which the Department j
coui i not lawfully accede. The Depart-j
menr was compelled by these circumstances
to turn its a tention to the Wilmington Road j
for means to transport i:s great mail, and '
an arrangement for that purpose was soon j
effected.
The manner in which the daily mail is j
[o be sent to Rileigb. and Fnyettevilo is j
Ibe only matter, not adjusted. If, .is is now ,
probable, a contract shall be made with the
Virginia Roads, it is the purpose of the Depntm
nit to offer a suitable compensation
o the Gaston and R uleigh Rail Rul Road i
Conipanv, to carry a d tily mail, at a price
is libertd as the reduced weight and imporancc
of tne moil will justify. If they reuse,
the Department will send the mail j
cnmi> nllinr nnml On tllft PPOat lillri ! I
>u: from what point or by what means of ;
lonvey mce it cannot decide, until the cost |
?nd all collateral circumstances shall be |
cnown. IL promises the people a daily j
nail; but docs not intend to comply with ?
mv extortionate or exhorbitant demands of
iidJers for the s Tvice, be'ihey Rail Road j
2oirjnnies or private individuals. Nor!
lo 's it in'Ciid to be frightened into com- ;
vliance with such demands by any excite- j
nent which balers for the service, or others, }
mty be able to get u*. by misrepresenting ;
ts views. It believes the permanent inter- i
ssts of the people secured, by resisting sjch
ittempts upon its funds, although it may be |
iccompanicd by some temporary incouven. j
c?ne<\
You are authorized to make any use of ;
his letter which you mav think proper.
Very tespect fully your
Obedient Servant !
AMOS KENDALL.
From the Richmond Compiler.
The following statement will show the I,
latere of the difficulties between the Peg? 11
Jfliec Department and the Southern Rail.,
toad Companies, in regard to the trans- |
loriion of the mail, and the condition in ; ,
vhich the negotiation now stands. '.
By the Act of Congress passed July, j,
838. every rail ro'd within the limits |
if the Uni ed States is made a po*t j ]
oute, and the Post Master General is j
) " cause the mail loj be transported : (
hereon, provided he can have it done on j.
casonab'e terms, anu ^ paying more mm i,
iventy five per centum over & above what ! c
similar transportation would cost in post ! (
oaches." ! (
The Iranspot'ation of the mail by raii i *
oad is to be atluast twelve miies an hour, j (
' rom the termination of the Rail Road [ ?
no in North Carolina to Augusta, the c
'o-.t Master Generul endeavored to get a
le mail carried in post coaches s?ven : r
liitsan hour, hut was unable to get pro- j (
csilsto carry it at that speed (or a less | v
rice linn 8275 a mile per annum. Ifto:c
lis vers added the 25 per cent, for ihc 'p
die ence to speed between the seven and c
v. Ive m'lcs, it would make 8343 75 cents, p
ut the proposition of the Southern Rail , \
oad Companies was to carry it (or 8300 q
mile, being the pi ice for rail road trans* 6
artntion n rth of Washingion city. ' n
The Post Muster General objected to n
king as a criteiion tiie sum asked for car- )S|
*ing the mail south ofthe rail roads, seven t|
iles sn hour, because be bad declined muk- ; s|
g a contract for that speed, and he objected j
sotoibo compensation paid to the Rail j g
>mpa?jies north of Washington being taken j s{
a goide. Between Baltimore and Wash- ! si
gton it was admitted that tiie compensa- | ai
m was 812,000 a year for carrying the
nl forty miles; but there, the Post Mas- at
General said, were two moils a day to a
:icn it was answered that the second mail 1 u-j
is a mere local mail between the two cit- j
, Jike the second mial be:ween Kichmond ) jg
J Petersburg, and uot equal in importance
tlie western mail which it was contim-!jf
led to carry from Richmond to the junc- I
a w th the Louisa Rail Road, with- i
: any additional compensation. Between I M
Itimore and Philadelphia it was admitted j
t there was no second daily mail, and j pn
compensation $27,500 a year for a dis. j I in
ce of a few miles, more than n'nety, hut j in?
mail was said to be heavier, to winch nei
vas answered that the additional weight j thi
de but Utile difference, and was certain- I agi
tot near so material as the great differ- j go
e in regard to hours. There the mail:
; carried in the day time, at certain fix-1
lours, agreed upon by the Department;
the Company. Here it was to be car-.
n? any imur which might be prescribed J Vc
V
by the Department whether (lay or n'ght.
This was doemeJ a very material nifFereoeo i
?so material, that the Southern Rail Road i
Companies expressed a perfect willingness
to tuke the mail for I he ?237 50 cts. offered
by the Department, if it were carried
by them in tne day time.
The criterion of compensation fixed on
by the Post Master General was 'he average
cost of transportation on the great mail
line wes\ That average he said was $190
^ o
per mile, to which adding 25 per cent.
made tin? 8237 50 offered by him. The
Companies thought ir would be fairer to
take ns a criterion :bc cost of mail transporiution
seven miles an hour, in the same
section of country with ihe rail roads, instead,
of taking as a guide the pay in the
western countn. But they said fuither, i
that if the western lines were resorted to as j
a guide, they thought tliat portion of it)
should he looked to on which theexpedi-j
tion was greatest, and for which the compensation
was highest. Between Frederick
and Cumberland, a distauce of ninetyone
miles, Ihe compensation was 8281 per
mile, and if to this were added the 25 per
cent, for the difference in speed between
seven and twelve miles, it would make S3511
a mile per annum, instead of $300, the
sum charged.
Besides the question as to the par icular 1
rate of compensation, there were otherj
questions in regard to the connections for;
the travel. An important line of travel to J
the South, to wit: That from Charleston j
by way of Wilmington to Gearysburg near
the Roanoke has not hitherto been a mail i
line. Gearysburg is tho point at which j
the Portsmouth intersect* the Petersburg j
road : to this point there are two competing ;
routes for the travel from. Baltimore ; one J
by the Bay steamboats and Portsmouth road,
and the other through Washington, Freder-1
icksburg, Richmond and Petersburg. ' As !
it was important to the companies that the
travel should get from B.dtimon by this j
route about as soon as by the other, and
the travel could go no faster man the mail, |
i was deemed important that the mail j
should not be detained at the post offices on I
this route any longer than might be necessary
to assort. Ii was therefore asked 'hat |
the mail should not be deiumed in W ishing-!
iugton oity more lhan an hour and a half, i
nor in Frederioksburk or Richmond more j
than half an hour, nor in Petersburg more ;
than an hour. It was stated however that
if the department were to contract
with the Wilming'on company tor a
daily mail between Gcarsburgh and Wil.
mington, any stipulations in regard to ihe,
time of detentions might be dispense! with,
for in that case the Wilmington company \
woulJ have to connect with ihis line for the j
mail, and connecting with it for the mail,
would of course connect with it for the trav-1
el.
Whilc'tlic department objected to making !
the stipulations which were nsked, it has in j
(act, made a contract with the Wilmington j
Comp ny for u daily mail from Gearys-j
burg to Wilmington, and thus removed the |
greatest obs acle in the way of an arrange-!
ment. Since that contract the Rail Road J
Companies have been willing to' refer the |
mere question of compensation for die mail j
service to arbitrators to say vvh-1 mr the !
compensation should be S30J p' r mile, or!
$*37 00, or an intermediate sum. But be. !
ing informed that the department would be |
not Willi,it fri rofi.-r the nuestion. and the !
......D ._ I ? ? j
great inconvenience that tbe public would !
?uj>tain if deprived of the mail facil.ties that
the Kail Roads offered, being s'rongly;
urged upon them, they have under the in. j
lluencc of this consideration agreed to ac_ J
:ept the sum of 8237 50 offered by the de- i (
jartnient, provided the connections for the j
travel can be preserved. On this subject, i1
he only difficulty now existing is between 1
Fredericksburg and Washington. In Sep. ?
ember last, a new stage and steamboat j |
company was formed, which purchased out i
he properly of the former company at val- i
iation. Tnis new company has at very !'
:onsiJerab!e expense put upon the line a (
ine steamboat and new stages and has 1
contracted for an additional omnibus at 1
Washington, and made other arrangement {
or having n good line. This expense has 1
leftii nnrnunicred under an expectation of* I c
:onnocting with (lie rail road for the travel, I
iiid there are strong considerations of prop- 1
iety to induce the company to preserve *
he connection with them.?In this there
roul J be great awkardness, if the mail were arried
in coneection with a different com- J
any. It appears, however, that while the
ontracls between Fredericksburge and the "
beanoke are kc[)t open, that between "
V; 'shington and Fredericksburg has been P
losed, and given to two individuals who 1
late ?t to be their purpose to establish a
ew line. It is hoped that arrangements | P
lay yet be made by which the present! ?
lage and steamboat company may get' 1
ic contract for the mail between Freder.
burg and Washington at the price which
ie department formerly offered them. w
hould this be done, the companies have 01
ated to the department, that it may con- la
dor the offer of $237 50 cents, a mile per "
mum accepted.
So far as the company is concerned, the P1
nount of mail pay is in any po:nt of view,
very small matter. It is not $22 for the ?
ip, and but little more than would bo re.
ived from Ave passengers. The subject
? P i#w*?*/M?tQnrtn /?111 rv H tT ^ I il\? 1
(Jilt; UJ lliljiwi vificxiy LCwdusv ui liiu j
convenieuce that the public would sustain i
die mail was not can ied on the rail road. j a"
I m
From the Columbia Telescope. |G
r. Johnston : of
By my special request, Dr. EJlet.the able
jffcssor of Chemistry of the South Caro- L;
a College, has furn shed the accompany- pr<
r answer, upon a subject inseparably con- for
:ted with the interest and prosperity of inf
9 State generally, but particularly the p'<
rieultural portion. Will you have the act
odness, sir, to g ve it publicity.
Very respectfully, !r''
JOHN DOUGLASS.
prt
So. Ca Coleege, Dec. 19th, 1838. lie
<jt Si/ ? 1 *ro
I cheerfully comply with your request
that I would commun'e.uc a simple method
ot detir.n n ng the nature and relative
value of marls and calcareous deposites
generally, for agricultural and otrar purpose?.
During the present session of the Leg.
islature oppoitunily has been afforded
me of examining many guch specimens
from very different parts of the State, and I
have no hesitation in saying that their value
in agriculture renders them of more importance
to its welfare, than almost any
other mineral treasure which could be discovered.
Not a few of them, too, are sus.
ceptible of easy conversion into lime of good
quality, for agricultural purposes.
There is too little uniformity in the ex.
ternal character of these maris to enable
us to detect them. They vary much ir
color, passing from almost pure white t(
differeut shades of grey, yellow and browr
?occasionally they consist to a greater 01
less extent of shells or their fragments
connected by foreign matter, but more frequenily
they exhibit no appearance of organic
origin.
The simplest mode of determining the
nature of such a substance, is to drop a
fragment of it into a small quantity of dilute
nitric or muriatic acid, when a rapid offer
vcsence takes place and continues until
the mass is eit!icr entirely dissolved or the
undissolved portion remains as a fine pow.
der. This efTervcsence is due to the es
cape of carbonic acid from tho carbonate o
lime, wh'ch is the valuable constituent ol
the marl, and its amount and violence wil
serve for a rough estimate of the quantit)
of that subs:ance present.
But a much closer approach to accuracy
is easily attainable, and requires no meant
which are not like to be found in even
planter's house. All that is necessary is u
little muriattc acid, which need not be pur'
?a good pair of medicine scales, and c
very thin and light six ounce vial* To ma!t<
the assay, a portion of the marl reduced tc
fragmets about the size of a pea is to be
thoroughly dried before the fire and on*
hundred grains accura:ely weighed out.
In the nex. place the vial containing
about an ounce of muriatic acid and an
equal weight or water, is to be placed it
one of the scal-s and accurately counterpoised.
To tho counterpoise a weight ol
100 trains is .added. The vial of acid be.
ing now removed from the scale, the fragments
of marl are to be added to it at intervals
until the whole has b en introduced.
To prevent small portions of the liquid
from being thrown out of the vessel during
the eflervescnce, it s.muld bo inclined at an
ang;c of about 45 dog re -s.?When the effervrsence
has entirely ce.;s d, the gas
above the liqui I is to be removed by gentty
blowing into it two or three times with a
b 'Hows, and the bottle aad its contents arc
to be returned'' to t'u- scales. A loss of
weight dse tot tc carbonic aciJ w iich has
escaped in a gaseous form, will be observed.
I 6 amount is determined by lho weight
necessary to restore the equilibrium, and
from it the quantity of carbonate ol lime
n the hundred parts is easily culcacd by
the following rule Multiply the loss of
weight by 100 at d divide by 44. The
quotient is the answer.
This whole process, which is of very
easy performance,and occupies not more
than fifteen minutes, will give a result sufficiently
true for all practical purposes.
Very respectfully,
Your obd't. serv'
W. H. FLLETT.
Tnc following resolutions have been
a Jopt-'d by the House of Commons of North
Caruh?a ar.d sent to the Senite for concurrence.
It is expected that they will also
pass that body. The majority in the
House of Commons was 7.
Whereas we believe that a great crisis
tas arrived in the poli'tcal history of our
country, on th? issue of which we conceive
he safety of our free institutions to depend :
ind whereas we consider it our hounden doy,
as the Representatives of the fieemen of
Vorfh Carolina, to express in calm and
dispassionate language our opmions on the
jreut questions which hn\e been for some
imc,**nd some of which still are agitating
he public mind.
Resolved therefore, That this General
\ssombly do condemn, in tnc most deciled
manner, that act of lite Senate of the
Jnited States, expunging the records of that
ody, as a palpable violation of the plain
tterof the constitution, and as an act of
I
arty servility culculu'ed to degrade tie
liaracterof the Senate.
Resolved, That Resolutions ought to bo
assed by the Senate of the United States ;
ondemnatory of that act, and ie$cinding the
lesolu'ions authorizing it to be done.
Resolved, That this General Assembly
o consider the Sub-Treasury system,,
'hich th:s Administration is endeavoring to '
siablish, as another item in that series of
ital experiments of lh?s and the past Ad* j
tinisiration whichnnre the muin source of .
lat derangemf ut of the Currency and i
ostration commercial credit, which has
:en so severely felt of late in every branch
'industry, and which, if sufiernd to become
law, will, by its tendency to augment
xecutive power, to unite tlie purse and
e sword in the hands of the Exeduiine, j
id to destroy thfe credit system by the ex. ,
lion of specie in the Governont dues, uit?- j
ately change the real character ot our i
overment, and [dace in peril the liberties i
our country. 1
Resolved, That we consider the Public i
mds of the Uni:ed Stales as the common
?tin States, and that we there-11
-'I""-' -J " ?
e condemn the I ue act ol Congress,allow. i
r scttiers on the Public Lands the right of '
semption at the minimum price, as an j
i of gross injustice to the old S ates i
lich origini illy ceded them, or who con- I
mted a common fund for their purchase. 1
Resolved, That we believe that the most
>por and equitable disposition of the PubDomain,
is to divide the proceeds arising i
in their smiles ammg the several S a cs t
of ti e LJnnn, according to the ratio of the
federal population.
Resolvtd, That we do most so I?mnly
protest i'g iii st the wi st -ful extra*agonee
of the present A limn str ition, and - their
pjofliga:e expoi dit ire of the public money,
which n< t only creates a demand for
heavy taxation in order to meet jl.e ex or.
hitanl appiopr a ions of the General Go*,
er: m nt, I ut wi ich tends to the corruption
of the pi h ic morals and the degradation of
of the national ci aracter.
Resolved, Tnat the power and patronage
of the Execunve Department of the Federal
Government have increased to all
I alarming extent, and ought to be diminish
od.
Resolved, Toat our Seaators in Coogress
} will represent the wishes of a majority ot
\ the people of this State, by voting to carry
) out the foregoing Resolutions,
i Resoked, That the Governor of this
r State be requested to forward a copy of
? these Resolutions to each of our. Senators
. in Congress, with a request that they lay
them before the Senate of the Uoited States*
and one to each of the Governors of the
i several States of the Uoion, with a request
that they lay them before their respective
i Legislatures.
' The following resolutions were also
adopted in the House of Commons, the
. R-high Star says, by a decided majority.
f Resolved, That each of the United State3,
f being a party to the national compact, pos'
sesses an interest in the public land propor'
j tioned to the federal population of each, or,
in the terms of the compact, according to.
r the usual respective proportions of the gon5
eral charge and expenditure.
Resolved, That those States in whose
favor Congress has not made apftfopriatiors
of the public domain for the purposes
of education, are entitled to such appropria.
tions as will correspond, in a just proportion,
with those heretofore made in bihalf
of other Stab's.
Resolved, That this General Assembly
do condemn, in the most decided manner,
> the bill now before Congress, proposing
1 to graduate the price of the public lands,
1 as an atlemp* in disguiseto cede them to
the States in which they lie, at a mere nomif
nnl nrinp.
Resolved, That oar Senators and Repre.
sentaives in the Congress of the United
, States be requested to urge the claims of
North Carolina to her portion of the pub'
I.c lands, and to vote againts the bill now
I before: Congress, proposing to graduate the
1 price of the same.
1 South Western Railroad and Railroad
Rank.?The Chaileston Mercury gives the
| following acccu it of what the Legis'a ure
* did at its recent s :ssion for these insti.u*
tion .
Is An Act to amend the Act providing
for ne guaranty of the State to a loan of
tuo millions ot dollars. This Act provides
hat this guaranty should be given from
time to time, in proporton to the amounts
paid on the stock of the Company, without
I waiting until a suffiei 11 amount s tall le
j p .id to secure the entire lo m of $2,000,000.
j B a mther provision, the contract made
j in London for the socond million, has been
, confirm ?d. The greatest facilities will
' thus be oTered to the Company for commanding
funds from ab oad, in aid of the
: coutribu ions which may bo made at
I home.
| 2 . An Act to permit the increase cf
tl e rates on the Charleston and Hamburg
j Rail Road, so as to enable the Company to
j put the Road in compl< to order. This
' measure is rendered the more necessary
; from the great increase in the business of
J the Road, and the inability of tho Com pa.
I l . C ... _!l .U- J.. .
ny nMi ciojore iu tmuspun an niu piuuuc
(and especially Cotton) which has been of.,
f r d, at the low rates heretofore 1 mi ted by
ti e Charter. The con*emplaled * ranje*
ment with the Post Office Department, for.
< a*ryiog ;he great daily Western Mail oil
' the Road, in conjunction with a daily line
| of Steamboats from Wilmington, gives pe.
' cu!iar importance to the subject at this:
timrt.
3d. An Act granfingto the Rail Road
Company such vacant lots in the Town of
j Columbia, as may be necessary for the use
: of ihe Road, their depositories, &c.
4th. An Act providing/bra subscription
on the part of the State for ten thousand
Shores in the Rail Road Bank, being the
i same number ofShares held by the State
j in the Road.
5th. An Act granting to the Rail Road
Bank the privilege of establishing branches
and agencies throughout the State.
? It. A Resolution authorizing the ap?
pointment of a Commission on the part of
th* State, to repair to Kentucky to meet the
Legislature of that State, in relation to tho
measures requiring the co-operation of that
State.
RALEIGH AND GASTON RAIL ROAD.
We have been favored with information
concerning the progress of this Road, which
the public will be pleased to find keeps pace
with the gen-ral solicitude for its success^
(t appears that there are 42 miles of the
Raleigh and Gaston Rail Road in full ope.
ration; ten miles more are cdtoplcted,
with the exception of nailing on the iron
plates, which operation can be completed,
in a few days after the iron is in place; tho
iron is in Petersburg and is coming out ?s
rapidly as the great press of business on the
road will allow.
The graduation of the road is compltte
to Tar river, a distance ol 55 miles from
Tar river bridee is well ad*
UlftOlUUl A HW ...
vanced. The two abutments and two
piers arc completed ; the other two piers
are nearly so. The superstructure of the
bridge, which is of wood, is nearly all
framed ready to be raised.
Of the distance between Tar river and
Raleigh, all the portions of which thegradja:
ion of the roadway is incomplete, token
together, are less than five miles \ the titn