D.W.SIMS, state prlyteh. COLUMBIA, S. C. MAY 22, 1829. Vol. -No. 21.
? .v ><>wy;'i .
Hi 111 ' 1 ~ "
VUBU8IIED KVr.UY FRIDAY MOKM.N(i.
'I'KRMS? it ?e Dollnri ptr annum, ]>nyn'>U ?
mdrawer, or f'aur Dalian yaj/aLle at the end of
the ytar.
. i I) I'KIL Tlii EMFJYTS in it r ltd atiht vsvatralti.
The following rucrohr i? mi fnlrr?lln|r, and so
melancholy, and. detail* an evil ao <!i(Briilt of
remedy, thai long nt it i*, we think it oor duty
to republish it. The miseries detailed, could
not and cannot lake place in agricultural dlt
tricU. They am tho miseries of large town*
md homo manufacture. Tho tnan who ran
suggest nn?spedicnt mode of rolir vinof them,
will bo a benefactor to hit country.
ritiladtlphi*, Mtirih ??>, I8C9
?? Tho subterllirr*, a commltt<? appointed hjr I
ibr tuwn meeting uf tin- cllisent of tho t iiy and
t"uiity of Pfiiindolji'iia, o<i tho 21st nit , loeseer
'.nn whether lb'?? who ara ahlo and willing to
work, cart in general procure employment j what
it tlio effect nnoii tho comfort, lutpplneit, ??nd
moral* of the females who depend on tlielr woik
foi a ?upport ( of tho low rate of Wage* paid to
?'nt e.ln?* o( suefety ; to What silent the iiiUViing*
<?1 tha fioor aro nliiihuUMe to those low wage* ;
nod nhm it the etf-ct of lienevolent or aitisl?nt
rocietif ? on the industry of the laboring poor ;
beg leave to report:
'?Tiiet they have attended to the duties confi
i!ctl to them with a dun tenia ot their important ?
not merely t? the comfort, huppinCM, and mc>rnl?,
.?I that distressed, inti-reUinx, and numrnui |>or
:'mn ?>f our population, olmta cn?o net partieu
arly refered to them, hut to tho character of the
'?ommunlty .it lar*e. which i* deeply invnlvrd in
< In- question of the jnttlce done to Ilia* elatr, and
the cure and attention beitnwed on their welfare
" Tint they aie convinced, from n careful e*
nininnlion ol the subject, that tho wages paid to
twamMrvttrt who work in t'leir own apartment*:
to (pooler? i to tpiniieri; to folder* ot printed
book*; and m many cum-* to thoie who take in
?w n*hlnjr, arc utterly iniuh quote to their inpport,
?vi ii if fully employed, partienlailv if iht-y huve
rld'iditn unal'lo to aid them io lltrlr indmtiy, a*
? i often the case , wherein, tho work I* ?o jaeca
limit that they are often unemployed, sometime*
for n wlmla week together, nnd very frequenth
?one or two days in each week. In n;?ny raw,
no tinall portion of their 'imn in upent in ?erkini'
jmd waiting for work, and in Inking it home
wlirn donn
" "lint, in lite different branches ntiove jp^cirt
rd, indu*trimi!f and expert women, nn'neumber,
? ?J with families. and with steady employinrnt,
e^nnnl average more than a dollnr and a quarter
ptr week ; that their room rent It gem rally fifty
rent*, ?ometinu*? titty two and a liuif re lit t; and
fuel prubably co*?s iihout a ^tarter dolli.r per
week, on nn average through tho year. Thut,
in thr r?fo of itoceating employment, (a enxsthnt
rarely occurs,) three remaiiw lint about half a
dollar per work,or twenty dollars per annum,
for food and clothing ; ond nuppoting only elgH
weeks In tho year unemployed through slckrets,
W'4ut of work, or attention to chifdien, (and this
t . ? * -
n iikiucidiv imcumi'ini,i <iic nmount ol luod
and clothing irould it rtdurrd lo Ihf moil minr:t
'>lt pillatirt of tirlttn dollar/ pt r antrum Can we
Wiindrr a: the harrowing ittis>-r\ nmi d'nlitM that
f revail mini,* ti>i? rlnrr, under *ucli a df|ili'ra!it<'
oflhinK? ?
" l 'ur.t it It n mcM lamMil-.Mc fnel. tl;t.t among
ll.e nimion thu* 1 ground liillio ni>ii!r liy turhiii
(??Irqunfp art* i<i lie lomtd ni'in'" a of wi
aiili ?niatl children. who, hy ihe untimely
il'.nll' uf tlifir liUifMnl', nn'l l!io*e i^vhimii ol
fnilull' t.? human nftVir* me liul.le, have
hi "ii gradually reduced from a stiita of comfort
?u'! tflltin cr lo penury, ami thrown upon the
world with in other d< |M'nilnm e thioi their iiiin
die* to ?ttpport tbrin?#tvc# liinl thpir off?j>rii*
?? 'Hint although It ?? frrely admitted th it ?teat
!i !r?? nud i ov?rty aritc from the lmliif? ol di??i
nation and Intrinf mnrr of ?o>no hii*linnd?, and
their ?ltnnieful neglect to make llinl pr ivWinn lot
their wive* and children width I hey are liownd to
In hy ilte law* of God nnd man, (and w Incli^ il it
deeply l.i tin r? grelted. tha Inw* do nol duly en
force.t yet we feel antlified tl.Kt thn?a dcplotiil
iii'l pvrniiiout luiliilt do not produce linlf lit
vrrriclKiliHiii to which nicrito: iout fnmale* lire
??ihjeele<l m this city, of wlilc.h tlic irrnlitr por
thiii ar'nc? fr<un tin- otlirr Mnirce which wn have
dated, and which pWot Imfore till* cla%? tint id
n-.rnatire of helping, applying to the over*eer? of
the poor, ilcaling, or ifarviitg. We might add
ao"t!irr, hut wtforlwr.
" rin.I llio ffrnci of di?'re?i and tiifTiiiu;
v.l.Ji-li we have wltiir??rd in ?.nr vailnns rhili In
the i*w idling* of women w ho depend on their hi
linr for nuppoit, rr.*ultitm f.oni irmdeipiair waf?-?,
hi>' nfllin in?'?l affliciinjj kin I, and ran vearrely he
iH'lirvi'il IimI hy thn?c hy whom they have Iwen
V'irtd. Wo have found case* of women w !;?????
hnrh.itiit* have lici n lor week* il'naided hv arci
(Il nil. or hy iinknr?i pro lin ed hy wotknt? on
rniiitli "I'roonded |?y iieiliftimii* tnla?mata, win
have had lo support llmir hildmnd and three m
"our thildun hy ?poolln>;4t HO cptit* perhmnfred
sk? in?, hy *|<itininc al n? low a rate of roiitpimif
?ion. hy wit>hiii'4 and roiijh dryine, al S?? or 25
?-rid? p? r dozon, or hy mukin^ ?liiri? and pant*
iimui* at l'.'4 rrul^ eai li.
?? I liil it i? a ;?r#al error to ?up|Ki*P. a? i?too
frtipienily ?iii?po*pd, thai rvety (ier?on in lhi?
rfrninu'itty, ?lile nml witling |n work, r*n pro
i-utn riupioyiiK'nt s hi llii-ir aie many perron* of
|tnili ?e*t ?, morn p irlif-nlarlv h m^tle<, ho are at
a'l limt i partially, and Irnpiently wholly, nneni
p'oyed, llioiiali Hiixiott to prortire emp'oynienl
There i* I'liniot ulway% a |?reat deflfn-ienry of fill
{.loyineiit for fnnal? < ? lilrti i* lite rlik t rei?oo
why ihMr wage* i?rc mi dl<prop<nliooed lo llio?e
of m-dr < '*
'I lie r*>infnliif?n then proeeett lo ??a|e 1'iivt -?ti
i w Uteh i* ?omew hat prevalent, *i*. tlia'. I" tie- i
?'i>'.ent luriel es ptodtlre ulli'iie;* aril i|l*>ii'ation,
t? williont fnuiidation *. Ina?mtltdi a* Ihnr dt ?
'?.!l?Mt)? f'* are (hli dy for wi?r>: door liy i1
*\otii?n, ai i! for food nnd rlvtlitn^ forrdtlte?!
* ?petniinu.tied uieiinnd w omen, nnd tloil'ilule t.h'd
i'.n ii. '1 io j ?outirule tt'ireport liy Mat'iiit :
?'Tlirtt ntiui. M-ti* |ti of? of the lndu?lry of tin
r'?"n ?!nr!i |mm> I f..? ???? port npon their la
\or, nnd of th< iitjii i.ri of ihe dentittrlatloft* let
??lied acaiii't litem, ini:?Kl hr produced, lull wi
?hall nififioe ?tir???l^?r?. to tao, one n? retard'
indct, III* i.i!,rf fi'f r,', Iriimli'i 'ihefirtl it.
'il* thou*: ltd- r.t :in n w Iir? ei/eily ?eek for IhImii
on <nifi!i, often i;i |iet|i i hii it lituii'i' iir, w il'
?'ei>'|. itnrlni* them m it- f?f ; t'm ? mini, thr
ftel. thai iVom ltVM?|o | >nti ?? mnrii haveweik'y
I nilinl tLr*>, four, ?}*. ?i?'it, ? r ten * |ita'i <
end /.i'tl? iiWjt waiti .1 I >r ??!-? at ti e 1*r<?? Veil'
A"'< room* f.'t ?? i-5( 1 i;ii H wn* *?????? ?>
(hut Ikfy could not procure nor* than enough to
?mp'oy thmwlvcr two, ihm, or four days in ?
vwck. These In o Ixrti alone ou^ht to sattle Iki*
<|u??tion bttrondlbo power cf cavil or npp**l<
" For evil* of iIm Mixtliudt and iuvrtoniey of
tlioM under which tho women nifTer, who deptnd
on theh labor for support, il It diflBcull IoiUvik *
remedy A complete ww?y i? perhaps l?p?*?'
jjc?ble. Thay may however, and wo ho|*? will
l>? mitigated. Tint mitigation mint wholly d?
nend on the humanity anil sense ol jutilce of ihnw
by whom they are employed, who (or lb? honor
ri human nature, Il ii to be supposed, h?vn not
I*'# l**rt of the feet, that the wages they have
been paying were Inadequate to the purchase of
food, raiment, and lodging , and who, now that
the real atate of the mm la made manifest. will
probably, a? they certainly ought, Increase those
wage*. Although the great and increasing com
petition in trade, readers it n?trt?irjr to u?e ritld
-oonorny in the espense of producing artlrles for
market, it enn nover |Mli>tte. far lots Jostlr'y. the
oppreMtnn of the ill f*i?d |ieoplc engaged in the
production, hy Hhut" l*h?-?rs larre fortune* ait
made,and their employers onablud tollvn hi eas<
and opulence.
?' It U p? Mtiitirlv inrmnlKsnt on those wralllty I
ladles, wlm employ srnmitresirs or w?li>'rwn
niriti and who on^bt to feel ivmpMl'.y fur the
sufTrrlnes of tlielr #?*!, to give them such w#?<
a* will not only yield them a present support. I>ut
ennhle them to make provl?ion for tiroes of
?Itkrnvs or vraruily of employment. It is painful
to ?tnte, tint r^pnl for truth obligee u? to stale,
llial In lhi? rerpret fiifficlsnt attention if not gen
erally paid to 111* ???; ed rule of '* doing unto oth
er* a? we w ould have others do uoi* uv" A mod
erate* legree of nltmtioi, to lliit rule, would anni
hilHe n eient portion of the distrcst ol many hun
dred* of ?ulTerin* females.
" One Important menns of mit igating the
distress of thU ilnss, would he, to increase
as far an possible the diversity of femnlo em
ployments, by which that competition which
nas produced the pernicious reduction of
wages should br diminished.
"The committee hope they will be par
doned for touching on a subject analogous
to the objcct of their appointment, although
not drmbrared in its term*. It U tn recom
mend to the most serious consideration of
the benevolent class of their fellow citizens,
the establishment of.'a society for bettering
the condition cf the poot ;* by encouraging
habits of order, regularitv, and cleanlinc-s
in their pet sons nnd apartment*; by instrut t
ing them in the most economical modes ? f
cooking their food; by inducing them to send
their children to school, and, when ni rived
nt n proper age, tn bind them apprentices to
useful trades, and to lod^e the little surplus
of their earning, when they have any sur
plus, in the saving fund: bv enabling them
to purchase fuel nnd other necessaries at
reasonable rates; in a word, by inculcating
on them those principletand that kind of c< n
duct, which arc calculated to elevate them
in their own estimation, and in that of so
cictv nt large. Societies of this description
have produced the most salutary effects en
Uic comfort and morals < f ihc poor in vari
ous part? of.CJreat Britain.
"And while* the. committor press on the
Immune and wealthy part ot the c munity,
the propriety of aiding in a greater degree
than heretofore, (l?y their own exertions and
through the various benevolent societies that
exist among u?, and whose funds hi p at pre
greatly reduced,) to alleviate the distress
?if the numerous widows njtd orphans, nnd
the really deserving poor- and helpless of
every description, tliev would likewise sug
gest to housekeepers and heads of families
the propriety of seeking out and employing
in the situation ot domestics, in their several
families, destitute femalex, who, hy the
frown* of fortune, have been reduccet to dis
tress. Hundreds of this description arc to
Me found within the precincts of the city nnd
liberties who, if properly encouraged. would
he grateful for the means of employment
thus afforded them, and who might profit by
the precept and example set before them
in the houses of respectnblo citizens. l'er
hnps there arc few ties, in common life,
more binding than those that arc found to
exist between a benevolent master mid mis
tress, and n faithful female servant, who has
grown up under their own cy and un
der their carc nnd protccticn, and that ?lf
llieir descendants.
" All of which is respectfully submitted."
Mat hew Carry,
l\<jhrrt Smith,
Jmrfth H'atoon,
Char It? Af. Dufunj,
/friijuwhi 1'ncker,
?f. .1/. t at ft,
C,e^rt;r Hmtrick,
What a pis '.tire of civilized society is here!
What a leswm f.-.r the legislator and the
economist! When we exult in the proa,
pciity and applaud the political institutions
of our country, chastened be our exultation
and qualified our praise' I.et us pause be
fore scenes like this; and before we congratu
late ourselves on what is d m , let us exam
ine what remains to do.
The following letter appeared in thr Unit
ed State* (f.ireite of tne 27th April, and
evince*, at the lenst, mur.lt goodness of heart
in the writer. The editor el the (iazettc, in
oiling hit leaders attention to if, remarks,
"This Is the age ?if whit? exertions. Tie
spit it that is abroad must work out perma
nent and extensive good; lessening in an emi
nent <1? ^rcc the amount ot prevent ills ami
oi. tree ting those errors in the opinions and
pi if tiers of so< iety that would work out fit
?urc evils." Mitv the anticipation be justi
fied!
"/ n I'llcr from si? intelligent sn<l re*
|i???-1*?'lii'ly ?f the writer ot
i'ic |>njr< <>ti ills I'ul/li * imrilic* of Pliil?<lel<
phi i
" flow, indeed, you are on th* right road;
tTiis is the true political economy of which
we nave all been so long in search, and nn
| which such volumes have been written.
I'll . Is the true philosopev's mnnr, from
|-\hich pure gold will spring. I have nil
I !,'.en j.? i mi ided tha: men never inyl a
right understand ingof the nature of the diflr
cultics which surround Their attempts at re
formation. They never discovered where
the pressure Iny. In consequence of this
ignorance, hospitals, prisons, treadmills, and
houses of refuge have been multiplied, and
charity after charity has sprui
tivc. Give woman bread,
?better enough J or her child
/irlton* toUt be turned Into
your homes of refuge wilt
tebooit.
" Whatever of waste amyBMenec ap
pears In the females of thj^Hpcr clams,
certain it is that these vJfW%re not the
besetting sin of the poor. Poor women are
always frugal ami industrious; I have ob
served them very narrowly, and I cm with
confidence say, that they are far more in~
dmtriou* and moral tban men of tbelr own
clau. Of ten fa millet, each one only able
to afford one room u* a abetter, eight of the
?women thai I be frugal, Industriout, and or
derly, exhibiting the ttrongett tolicUttdefor
the welfare of tbelr children, white tlx oj Uhe
men thall be wortc than even encumbrance*
to their %aire*; so that, according to my esti
mate?and Mrs. C. will agree with mt?the
? liflereiicc between the two sexes Is as eight
to fr.iir. I do not know whether In country
towns, or'cvcn in the country itself, tiie din
proportion be not more glaring*. Two things
jm?hicr this inferiority in the male poor,
riic most obviouH oik- is the utter idleness in
which thev spend their evening*, particular
ly the long evening!! in winter, aind the rainy
and waste days; nud the other Is the disic
spect in which they arc brought up to show
to women. A drunken, la*y, selfish man of
this class will always feel that he is master,
let In* wife be ever v> much superior; and,
inferior an be think* her, he exact*** much
of her as if she were bis equal. Many men,
rich as well as poor, have this same base
sentiment with respect to women. I have
heard nianv sensible humane men reason in
this way, when contending for higher wages
for men: 'That men arc obliged to labor
out of doors in hot sun* anil in storms, sub
jected to all the evils that viciwotude of
weather creates.' This is nil vety true, but
still they live longer, and are not ?ul?jcct to
i>o many petty diseases as women nie. And
farther, 'that menennnot labor in the even
ing, as they are exhausted with the hard
labor of the da\ * In summer this xxcusc
nuv appear plausible: but is fto) tins the
case too with women.' Is it not as f?rcat la
bor to stand at a wash tub and ironing tabla
all dnv, nnd then sew and attend to house
hold duties in the evenings??tts whitewash
clean paint, and scrub, and, worse than all,
to sit frpm !>lx in the morning until ninu in
the night at her needle, with maybe three
or four children around hei ? This woman,
thus described, goes to bed as weary as'her
iintrmntl, i>*;t altlio* Mie may and docs led
equal fatigue, in her sleep asjsound as |iis?
I can answer the men, tliat very few wo
men, having young children, know what a
pood night's rest is. It is to thin cause that
we must look frr thr haggard and broken
looks of so many females of thr poorer clav -
ca. Hut to return to the main point of my
argument, seeing that women labor equally
with the ntPQ?that their life is of no longer
duration?showing an equality of sufll-ring?
that their necessities are as great (for 1 will
not allow that the clothing of a poor woman,
firofiirly clad,isof lesscost that amaii'?| and
that they ore fifty pcrccnt more moral and
industrious than the men?they nrc fully en
titled to nn equality of wages. It is only in
Cochin China, that the wage# of women arc
eoual to the men's; hut there the women do
nil the hard labor. Nn rule, you know, can
be laid down as a guide unless it work both
way?;one/>rom/?irn/ reason assigned for the
disproportion of men's wages is 'that t!ie\
have families to support.' Mas not a wo'
1 man, a widow, a family to support; and if
she labors two-third* ot twcit)-four hours,
I if the not entitled to a? murh <i* will *u/i/,ort
I herur/f and her children? Y< u have stun k
1 out n new path, and will soon get at the root
! of thr evil. I d'? not know a greater s< rvice
: tint you can render the country, than to
j raise the price of temalc labor. The very
' moment a woman hns in her power to iced
land educntc her children, that moment
crime will lessen in the world."
I That our leaders imagine not that the
j suffering* and oppression-. of ilie labouring
classcs are confined to Philadelphia, or even
j to any of our great eitien, I have copied for
them from the pages of the Mechanic's I'ree
i Press, the following communication:
To ilifl F.rlitor* of tlirt Mechanic'* f'rre Prrn.
Gentlemen? As your paper appears to
have for it* objects the diffusion ?f a know
ledge of the real situation in which the la
Iroring classes of the community of this great
nation are placed, and w hereunto th<* exist-,
ing state o| arrangements have a tendency]
relative to these i lasses, it may be in accor
dancc with it to record the present situation
of Home of these in the factories in the neigh
[ borhood of Ilaltim'>r<\ I extract from my
note Irook, on a pidesti inn 'nir to Vtiginia,
the following
lit he-, ft'* Ml/;*, si/iril 4, jr:o.
" Having spent tin' nftern?"!i in jieiam
bulating the muRhbot h?M>d of tiiis interesting
place, which Iroin ttie number ot cotton ami
other factories in its immediate vir.initv, fill
ed with machinery and a vast throng i f pe??
ple all busily employed, impresses tl?e mind
with the idea that here is the fountain from
which flows an immeasurable stream of
wraith to fertilize the community, and glad*
den thr. heartsnf this free and happily situa
ted people. H iving examined the rapid
progress making in clearing away nil obsta
cle# for thi construction oC the rail road on
)he southern tmn'i of the river, where the
workmen occasionally amuse tnem<clvr*hy
tos:.iog high In the air rocks weighing many
hundred* of pound', I returned to tV* t.v>?
ern. whew, lr being Saturday ovrr.I.ig, some
of trie people from the nciftit'oorinir establish
ments seemed to have called for tlie purpose
of hearing and relating the new* of the place.
And from these I heard the following rela
tions. That at the union factory the work
pcop1*l?ad for some day* part turned out
pfcalnivt'.an *order from the president of the
eompAtijr for a i;encrri reduction ot wages
of fiom twelve aid a Tmlf to fifty per cent,
from the previous prices Riven, and that the
work people should be locked in from clay
light till trie Jtime of quitting lnl?or at night,
with the exceptions ofIwenly-fivc minutes
each, to be allowed inr *fco *?? eating,
and returning from breakfast and dinner.
These oppressions caused twelve out of thir
teen mulespinncrs to leave, and seek em
ploymrnt, as they said, in less despotically
conducted places. A number of hJinds em
ployed in the carditis and weavitt* room,
likewise promptly quitted their work{as al
so some of the machinists though their wa ?
ges were not altered, rather than they would
Kobmit to lie incarceratcd in a prison house,
like convicts, six days out of seven of the
w<ek. Among those who are obliged to
submit to and comply with the mandate ot*
this relentless ruler Co fa free fieoftle J arc a
number of female*, ancf tlic children of wid
ows, who have been induccd locate here for
the purpo&c of getting work and subsistence
Tor their families; and whose previously
scanty pittance being thus abridged, will
heap additional misery on their already
heavily oppressed shoulders. I could not
ascertain whethertht business of the factory
haviiiR been unprofitable was the cause ol
the reduction ot the pvicc of lanor, but one
thing struck me, that that could hardly be
the ease, since in tlic machine making dc
partment there was an unusual briskness of
demand. Although the people could not tell
me whether the Union Factory's operations
had been productive to the itockholdcrs do
ring the present year just ended: they said
that the Poivhuuan Mtrtory, whose year
endrd abo.:t the last of December, 1828,
had m.idc a clear Haiti during that vcar of
.<50,000. Twenty thousand dollnrs of which
they had nppropiiated to puichasc addi
tional machinery, and thirty thousand was
divided among the stockholders. This fac
tory works fifty power looms.
" It was stated llu?t the Savajrc Factor)
in couiciiit nrr with if* nnmt, has been lor
some time passed, by the /ock-tifi iy*reni
being rigidly enforced, converted into a pri
son house or bnstile, where if any person
without wishes to speak with one within, b
making application Jo tiic storekeeper, at!
mittancc is granted into a lobby, 011 the
ground floor, and a messenger sent for the
person wanted; or the message is carried,
and nn answer brought if the case admits it;
or, as W often practised hv none wnm?n nn
the spot, when they want to ask a question
of one within, they knock at an outer door,
give the name of the person wanted, who in
sent for, when they may he allowed n brief
communication through the window.
" It was stated to he the intention of the
rest of the facttgics in the neighborhood to
follow this example, and thereby demon
strate to some thousands of people the addi
tions, that the proscnt system of monopoliz
ed manufacturing labor-saving machinery is
likely to add to the liberties of the working
people of th*s boasted free country.
" About 25 or 00 years ago the effect* of
this lock u/i nuMtrm was well illustrated by a
large factory in Manchester, (England,) tak
ing fire, while the manager was absent with
the key in his poikvt, and the people at
work; numhtrs of whom threw themselves
from the lofty windows; some into the adja
cent dam. ot bets were smashed to pieces by
the (all upon the stones, while many were
[crushed to death under the fallen fiery ntins.
jComment is from me unnecessary; only 1
I may observe, that first appearances are
[sometime* liable to deceive, unless cautious
iiupiiiies arc instituted.
SCRUTATOR.
T)n. IIosack's Mkmoir of Dk Witt
Ci.inton.?-This anxiously expected work
has at last made its appearance, in n most
beautiful dress.?The frontispiece isa splen
did engraving (by Duraml) from a bust of De
Witt Clinton (by Coffee,) beneath which is
a far r.imi'.r of the hand wiitingofthc great
statesman. We have mmnarcd this with
several outogrnphs of l)e Witt Clinton, in
our possession and w confidently pronounce
it to be very faithfully executed. The en
graving bears an accurate resemblance to
the nobly formed head of the original,par
ticularly in the firm and haughty lip, and the
rapacious brow. De Witt Clinton had the
haughtiest month, and proudest forehead,
we ever saw in mortal man. Nature gave
him a face and figure corresponding t<* his
capac ious and exalted mind. His firmmte
was always imposing. The second plate
is a pillar of fame, whose summit is lost in
the clouds, and whose base is supported by
the genius of America, in the shape ol a
beautiful woman. At the base of the col
umn is a head of Clinton; and ascending
in the order of time, we find the heads of
Stephen Van Rensselaer, Cadwalli?der D.
Co'ih n. J. Foreman, Thomas I'^hly, Jonas
I'latt, General Schnyler, George Clinton, J.
Hawley, Chistonhcr Colics, J.Smith, I'l
ktiinh Watson, (iovcrueur Morris, Govrru
cr Colden, and Washington. It is a splen
did groupe. The third plate is a map of the
nort tern and Western (Canals of the state of
New York, with a pofile of the levels of the
Grand I'.rie Canal.
Doctor Ilosack's discourse is chnractcri
seed by his usual fluency r f style. lie is one
of the most rapid writer* in this country,
nnd he par.sci fiom one subject to another
with great ea#e. He begins with the r.ners
try of De Witt Clinton, his birth, education
Sc'c. lie then proceeds in regular aider tc
his marriage, connexion with Mftsotuy, lit
c.r?ry character, i -?? Canal Commi*
|*ioncr,&c. &c? hi* death, and funeral ob*
sequic*. The memoir to fall and lucid* oe*
cupying 132 pages of the week, the remain
ing 393 page* contain a great variety of
documents, illustrative of the principal
events in the lite of Clinton..-^'. F. Aftr
nlng Courier.
THE TARIFF.
! A letter hmbcrn addressed to the editor*
j* V?c ^,?w.^ork Evening Foot, from Boston
. ? <n?t,tnt? containing th? following
statements: That the effect? of the "Ame
rican System" now begin to unfold them
selves; that so great hat been the investment
?J. ' ???dI labour In manufactures, that
All are injured bv the competition, and by
that want of skill which attends so great a
rush into a new business, without experience
or economy; that there have been numerous
failures in New England; that there are not
five factories there whoso stock would sell
at par, and average of cotton would not ex
ceed 30 or 40 cents, and of woollen* much
? This is an unplensatit picture, if it be
nn ncrurate one; but w?* cannot vouch for
the accuracy of the statements.
Connected in part with the subject of the
tnrlff i? an article which has just appeared
at Boston, in the 32d No. ot the " ChrUtlun
/ixamlnrr." It is commcndcd in the high
est terms by the Boston Commercial Ga
zette, and the New York Evriint Post,
both of them Anti-Tariff*papers?and from
the allusion in these papers, we should sup
pose the article to come from the pen ot
Mr. Channing.one of the most highlvfrifteil
writers in New England, or in the United
States. His reputation abroad is pre-emi
nently high.?Be the author who he may,
he is certainly very impressive, if we may
judge from the specimens we have seen?
and the interest of his theme is calculated to
cnll forth all his powers. It is upon tho
subject of the Union of these States; taking
h?H text from the rrcfnt correspondence be
tween Mr. Adams and several federal citi
zens of Massachusetts. He tour lies upon
the course and character of the Federal Par
ty? the conduet and standingofthcSupremc
Court of the United States. He dwell* em
phatically upon the mishiefs which would
arise from the dissolution of our coufedei-nt
ed government. He dcplcts in glowing co
lors the benefits which result from this un
ion?and points out the Rreat rules which
nrcncressary for preserving and perpctuat
our ?ystein. He comes at length to the fol
lowing views, which we lay before cur read
ers, and which will give them a spec imen of
of the whole article. They come in as a
very appropriate Appendix to the copioua
extracts we have iust made from the Edin
burgh Review, and apology for the People cf
[America:?[Richmond Cnmfiiler.
| "The principles of legislation now laid
j clown, seem to us to have an Important bear
ing on two great questions, whifli hnvc ul
re.idy agitated the cnuntrv, and which, we
fear, bode no'good tn the Union. We refer
to the restrictive system and to internal im
provement. The first, which proposes to
protect certain bmnr.hcs of domestic indus
try, seems to us singularly wanting in that
simplicity and impartiality, which, as I have
said, should characterise our legislation. It
cannot be understrod by the mass of the
people,and it will certainly divide them.?
In the first place, the restrictive system in
volves a Constitutional difficulty. We of
this region, indeed, generally conccde to
Congress the right of limiting trade in gene
ral or of annihilating; particular branches of
it, for the encouragement of domestic indus
try; but the argument for a narrower con
struction of the Constitution is certainly spe
cious, and certainly strong enough to give
to those on whom a tariff"inny press heavily
the consciousness of being wronged. In the
next place, the general question of the ex
pediency ot restriction must be allowed by
its advocates to be a difficult one. The
growing light of the age certainly seem to
oppo*c it, and the statementsand reasonings
by which it is defended, even if founded, in
truth, arc yet so intricate and open to ol?
jection, that vast numbers even ?'f <he en
lightened cannot lie satisfied of their validi
ty. But supposing restriction to be admitted
the question as to its extent, as to the kind*
of industry which shall be protected, n? 1.1
the branches of trade which shall be sacr!
fictd, this nuestion is the most perplexing
which can lie offered to popular di??ussion,
and cannot fail to awaken cupidity, jealousy
and hatred. From the nature of the case,
the protection must be unequally extended,
..or ean any wisdom balance the losses to
which different States will be exposed. A
restrictive tariff is necessarily a source of
discord. To some portions of the country it
must be an evil, nor will thev suffer patient
ly. Disadvantages imposed ny nature, com
munities will hear, but not those which aro
brought on them by legislation. We have
Indeed variouso(s!ectionstothc whole system
of protection. We believe it to b? decep
tive throughout. We also oppose it, on tho
ground that our country in adopting l?, aban
dons its true and honorable position. To
this country, above all others, belong, as its
urimnry dut^r and interesr, the support of
liberal principles. It has nothing in its in
stitutions congenial with the maxims of bar
barous ages, with the narrow, monopolising,
restrictive legislation of antiquated despo
tlims. Freedom in all its forms, is our life,
strength, prosperity; and every system at
war with It, however speciously maintained,
is a contradiction to our characters, and,
wanting harmony with our spirit, must take
sometlun#, however silentlv, from the ener
gy of the institutions which hold ut togeth
er.
A* citizens of the world, we grieve that
this country should help to prolong prejudi
ces, which even monarchy Is outgrowing;
should, in imitation of medling despotisms,
undertake to direct the industry and capital
of th* citizen, and especially should lota