Taking t ??? Out o wSL' ? *. .... va ' '*' ' '.' "*>: ??v?.* U -^' ^ " <-.:i 7"f-^J.. "S ! '/> ' :? " j? . - ' | . * * . ? By BERNAR . * Reuruited from T ^1 ? ,'" . , " [The February issue of-the Atlani Buddlestou dealing with the general t ^ which Mr. Huddlestoa called An Ami ,phrase teas put into the language fcj , ?v alose pf the 'World Wbr through itsi Buddleston's article came nrihe aire Z, Mtatf-dTdha War Industrien Board .at and* (at he writes ue), since it seeme idea, induced him to invoke prorlici - * hensionmf taking the profit out of vx . world. To thig end he responded to i i the Page School at International Beta \> he establish a course of lectures iher plan in detail. Iat*r he will proceed I universities in Oroai Britain. France <- with Mr. Baruch that thd subject eat it was natural^ forjhe Xttontie tiFlu'r KuiroRf or tim Atlantic Nowriit*.J ? * V' 1 * * I ' > V'j ' A-'lU ' .. " i ' Z I ?f( PTnr ?M oner desrr\\>cd OS Pl? ^ ?U'i most proflt^Nf In^hstry. It nheds only a scant examination of history to learn that sther countrlss wars open to the same indictment. 4 The method* of th?? Robber Barons ? did not pass with ths and t feudal r , * . Iftrin. Annexation br conquest did nt MM*. Hut when America entered the World War Pr?aldMt~lVUioD tuthcrcd dOCtril>? t liat shall always tor arm 72=?-: - ?.??mm tftft never a foot of territory would be-, added to edr boundaries by - force. ?>.1; rt; So, oe America baa taken the lead dowprd making Impossible national _ iproflt through war, it too may be _i_ America's privilege to point the, way toward making Impossible individual profit through war. To take the profit . 'c, ? ^a??at of war la to take a long step tof~ "wrard creating an economic deLeatar: 'tlon Of war. The experience of the Tin 1 ted States In the World War at?l_i _____ fords a basis for the belief thst the' ^ 1 ' pilfl aimn aiifinni is iiiwtiial? in } '' fact. It is more than a belief?it la a ! ~ ' nrtainty. altbougb not widely known. - The world Ts sych a busy place,-and the radius of human activity lias beep mm greatly enlarged because of modern ?- Inventions, that It laTlot strange that N *V" *" ' there aril bat few people who are era' ? . versant with what -maa- saintly hot ? I' . effectively taking place in tKlincbail? " try lb the mobilisation and use of Ite material resources In the World War ?a process that would hava veniual*? alt ImnMMf MVlflla ? IM*r* r* fltrcnrth to flron to the public adV Hewj of Mmtrial aobtiaatloa md? I a by totfc fraiMnt Iferdiat ud Ffoaldoat Ooolidoe?Mr. Ooolldgo ro ?o*tly ae b?t Octobor la lib Omaha L_3_ U mo?eh to tho Amorleaa Leoloa?by aThri iui m mi mi mmw! a i part of tho rot alar aaUooal war *4 - ^ ? Prtiailn tho President's rococt ( clear exposition of this sabjeot, seme j iatrli of pohlftc interest bad been o% , . gaadorod hp aa oxfhaace of letoora be| """ two-bp Owoa D. Young (of Dawoa plan ft tease). '* behalf of tho Walter Htaoo | ' Sago School of Jatoraatloaal Solabloat, tad the writer. . Tho eorre?? ogiidsass recalled .fa tho ootahlUhaaoat of locta'roa at the Page School dot Johaa Hopklaa Ual-rerelty) ea this -l-; tkoap. Prerlepfly tho AfleaHe Ifoalh1 |p pptatod aa artkOa hy Blaby Hcddlo. cbaa, who poiated eat -tfcat Baropo aaw | aaoat atrldoa toward poaoo ta tho . American idea of "Jakla* tho prott cat of war" ta a systematic way. His toaolo rdfertaee was to the plan "of tho >Wv ladcalrtee Boar a. ~feeourcss of * ooaatry aliM -.? "v"": ?rarcrred to a# tfct W?: UV) ~ : ; -fftwri fj) aaityi It) mala'1 | . ?hun ?r food: ?) notorial re wwm (Including raw materials, manufacturing fecll It lee. transport** . t*on. fuel aad power); aad ft) moral* Th* Intelligence with which the grot . " dhur are directed aid co-ordinated aa ' whole will detenulae the lifth. the morale of the cotamaftity. la the war emergency It early heaama. eTMeat lp thoea who were hhprfced with the responsibility of iwUllilu the reaoarcaa that, there * wan a )uat seattment *mon* the W* Hs ? - vde age?n?t prnh(eering. Prodleering . ailaht be willful and profit making might bo lawoluntary: hat. whaterer , v . Ha form, there wan a Jnat dptermiaatlon it ahould oeaee. So tt became ; t , aeceeaary to fix prices where the sap ply was limited.- - r Wherever the gorenfmeat created a shortage by Ita demands. prices were . gxed. n?**only<7er-ay^ lhppw^woild ^hnrj^en ^of paeehja^S lap reeelta of the war and the leak of hapwledge of the rariova lnatruaaeata et deotrnottoe which were he In* 4a he Profit I >f War ; j P M. BARCCH j he Atlantic Monthly - . < ^ "" 'j 'lo for 1925 carried o^jtoper try Mr. Bisley mhfeet of "taking the prvtt out of war," trivan Plan fat. Prate." The first-quoted] r the War Industries Board toward the if arte to eliminate dll tear profits. Mr. j lirtow orMff-Brmatd M. Parueh, 0hOio td administrator, of the non-profit plan, { >fts nsod for material and labor, %nd Anally thirt was the fsisrtah qusst for labor and supplies on Impart of ths munition makers?all competing for labor, money, materials, transportation, fuel, power, and each Insisting on *tbe: greater importance of. Its actlrity. All this while the ikbor supply"was being lessened by the flow of men into the Amy.; While an endeavor was being made fa hrln'r order out of rh^oe thf. grmmt undertaking had to go on, Men. shipa, munitions, food, material, had .to be provided, Old org^nirstlQiiB. bureaus and traditions had to be met and changed, but not destroyed until the ^Svnr was set up.'' The wonder of It all Is, not that there were so many mlsfitic trxrr that mfdnrtt*# %ar-acoo pllshed.* : : ; -i-v r- " " I jiw %we iiniv rnirn*u me w?r.. prices were at their peak, and tending ! higher because of the war's insatiable ' demands. The problem was not alone f to. secure the materials and labor and to stop the eoafusioir. but to do It Ifit' sueh a war that the morale of the peo* pie would be maintained. The prices of some things, like eteel and copper, were fixed far below prevailing rates, and the wages of labor iw those ladue? ! tries were standardised. The more highly organised an industry, the easier It was to arrange. Order did not commence to appear until the Administration did l|n?iM. Itch dei nartmsnt salt?ed Us reonlrements through n central anthorUaUre body. This was called the War Industries Board, controlling and directing all j materials and sserdlftttig through its ehninann lbs whole system of goo- r UJ .I.IIU. .mi lU. ! mmmm v?* PfiJ Mil jt ?u m*M by MmtlH rNfli MMtih of theyaar lilt. Briefly, this bo*rl eadearored to mokMixe the Induatriea of ioirVi ao that the Agbtiag (ore** of tba Alltof ill associated natlona could draw (rooi ik* United Blotea?the loot re* err oh- of Men. materia}* and moody? the J blags needed for lbs winning of s tlie' war at lb* tlaaithe tblaga von needed and with the least dislocation of industry and tho least dikturhance of the Hellion population. . ' 1 i ,l The War ladoatrlae Board woe or- r ^^toe^wyg"1^alSirr>tS ehalrauca. meat her* la oharga of sarioae aetlrfUoa. hareaa chiefs and aub rdlaato workers.. It sarreyed and sought to arraaga the whole iadaajlrial war field under tljgi plenary power* conferred by the Freslieht and the Co a greea. Hoar, wall It did this lag hary for othgrs to teU. What It did Is the heile of the plaa-J aaa here draw lag. -V " ' It waa comparathrely easy to ix price* and I* dletrihote material*, and Indeed to atdhfnae tho wagoa df tabor In tkoae ladaatiriee la which prl.cea wtrr nirg. lie i*aor aituanon. now?*?r, bertmt IterMNtifliy difficult, ; particularly whan Camera) Crow tier foil ad It aMMMry to withdraw man for. the proposed nwapaltn of 1P19 > after 4,000,000 mMHn had already Wan tafcah. Modi has beea nM about tha proCtearing of labor. It Js IS unjust Mta gabion., It hi oaty fair to shy thai this condition waa primarily brought about through tha Ipeaperieaee of tha orgaa(sat {on wlthla oar, own goTeraaseaU) departments gad by tha farioaa bidding of aiaaJtfdhi^aaakara aad ablp builders for serrlrea. That situation, together with thfjulafraaail prices of tha things tbat liWor had to buy with tha result* of Ma wort. atade It Ua^l an*** inn WOVE mw ni WMM. 8p It Mwi avldant that tfca arte# A * 1 j > *t program k*4 to go far* 3|*V??4 th? Ww IMmtrlw Board, aboutbar-AiBdMlta WIT-WIHHS^ eaading w4th a rataaaiga to fta the "prieat of all tho baate tfcta?a that labor bad to bay. Bowa'bad prarlouaty boaa ?**d. 1 i|??k of tabor fa a a?ek broader than manual iy>or, for taabbOto, fevarnmaa t am?loy*oa. ?f?' aaatobal aiaa woro^tdaa abla to atoat tbaattaaUoa tba* labw fta tbo aarratdof aaaaa. Mr tkt Wt?ctk? aad an ^ ^ m ^AatfbW wa OTJMP. ? "'alBBI <9 &V .' ^ ?u^:... 1 V - - '^V, v^'V . ' ' V ' ? THE FIELD, CTWWAT, & C , r tbo AmI pldSaSSPtftrw" War DO 1MB Or corporation or Instil" tion could raloo money without th? approf si of the Csplul leoaee Com?'" to? pf the Treasury Department, * I* ' committee In turn would not perw't the korroetii of ritoaoy tnlat the nee to which It wmh|o be pot Tb'>* the City of New York wee not permit ted tp spend $8,000,000 foir the batW In* of echOols. The CMtjr.at-Bbilsd*1 phis pas prevented from making ^ro^eroem# that in petfiaUmn ?oui^ have been necessary, hat la mar tin>" were npt. Various states, conotie-t and-cities, and a vast number of Prl vate concerns. Were denied tke Wf of money and materials for parposce not aocoesery for the winning o' (he war. Kach part of tke rommaa}ty had to adjust Its wants to the wjbole *f??inderrtklok. . * . * V"T" K'-y""'. in * There have been a great mavy bill* -introduced Into Congress on lis ?ubJectof Industrial mobilisation. soute sponsored by great organisations JlVe the American Legion, aid others b? newspapers and publicists. But It Is surprisinjubow little knowledge - there was on the part of those who drew up the bills of the practicability and fes* slbiltty of so mobilising our resource* that It would be Impossible. to makr s?-mtich profit In war. as la time of peace. Tskl Into coaplderiatlon the fact that the following things Were being done in ltlS:? Oeueral Orowder.who was in charge of the War Industrie* Board wherein could obtain addtttorrst meir uerdrrt for the Arm; In France-wlth ths|ei.?t possible dislocation of tbe war ma kin,: industrial civilian machinery, and we. were la the procees of replacing maid labor with women. By-a system of priorities tbe Board was allocating to our own Army and Nary, to IbfAHire and to the essential war Industries the things they required, ft wan making .priority-rulings as to transportation, and they were being folk)wed"out brtbe Railroad Administrator, The rue! Administrator distributed fuel only or the rulings of the War Industries Board. The Board was engaged in disentangling and removing the man? conflicts' and competitive efforts !ft Tolrod tn labor add MllKIIIIJI mil m previously oconrrert because of lack of any coordinating agency. It w%s allneating power and making regulations for tbe hitching np of scattered unttfc' of power. It was changing munitions orders from congested to less congest ed districts. It had actually carried Into effect- an order that no building involving $3.r.OO or more could .he undertaken without the approval of the War Industries Board.' No steel, no cemeat. no material of any kind con id be ueed for any purpoae whatsoever unless the War ladlpgfrlae Board per stUnd It No steel company eeuld aeB over flta tens of steel unless ap proved by the Director < of StenL The: Treasury Would not permit the yalhiag President'taoued sa order that Bo ?e? mandeering should ha dees /by tbe Army, Navy. Shipping Board jbr fleet Admtnistratloi wlthpetjbe approval of the cialrnaam of the War Industries Board. Every raw material 'Industry, and Indeed lMreetieally every industry in the eeuptry, was-organised through appointment of committees. end soae of thesps tadeetrtts would do a*y hagh neee except aadar the rullnga promnV i* arary IMwtr; was rapidly proceeding. These rulings wara mad* known through tbo laauauaTof eaclal bulletin* at Irfagnlaf intervals and waft distributed by the; prahe. Wa wefW aidMvarikg la srgaago .It aa that tha g Ming farcan wara ta receive. tboaa things which tbayaaadad and aa mart, aa tbat whatever waa not aa> taally reoatrod at tba front wan laft ta ctvMlaa aaraoaaa. ludaetrles went curtailed, bwt aarar d?trwraA: abapt, aaa of man, moaay and materials'*a> rapidly being brought . Into exactly^ tbat condition which ! have previously* atatad to be aacaasary la cut of aa? othar war. !?. ?2 ^Wa to this, the Prea;ge,t la tM fatara hk? the authority t<> ax prices and distribution of material# aad labor, roat. and. tbo use of mas power, transportation, fuel and all the things nacooaary for tho Conduct oT tbo war, aay riaa In prices will ba pre anted, area la an i Id pat ion of *?r. There are many who claim that war 4a caused primarily by the deaire of profit. i am sot one of thoee. Bat if thdre la anything In tbte contenting this plan fir ill re more the possibility of anybody urging war aa a meant of making, proflta. BVen If there are no met who deaire war aa a meant. of .making .profit, the fact that proflta' would be * lean la waf than In peace, aad wealth and reaourcea wou 1.1 be directed by the*government, neigh' hav# tone active deterring influence om men of great reaoareeg. Instead of being passive. they might become active advocates at peace. ;? " < "There are many people who are, for j various reasons, afraid to discuss the i subject during peace time ana.prefer to wait for war. Tbere oro also aoibe great maautactarera who oppose any" ach plan beeaafe they wera seriously Interfered with daring the war time; l?deear to remain the object a of eenobdoos attaek began daring tkp time tbat the aocoooltlob of tbb Potion made It Imperative to ooatrol activities and protta. dosaa armpa war# prominent manufacturers, who said: "Toll us what tbo governaaent wants and w^ taut AH tbo orders. bat don't lalorfaro alth tbo ank of tbo pah of oap prod, act tfcof the- goT?r?we?t fleet net. want to now" .That was, nath{absbi* rraoldoat *HiP>iafirpod tkot Mir * * . > ? > v* .. # . - * ^ V ,;,r ;y.? ; ' . . > V; '' '*. " .' . . : Lr', ' <"!. ' -4 . ~ : r:r" . . : :V r - i-' ' .4^ ?v ^ THUftOAY. APRIL I. IfM^ C> anthem provjdedthat ?Wf(?r turer*. Jobber* reUlltri of liM? ( uld mmke and sell llWM only of a specified quality at a fixed price, ef fectlve July. 1919. No one who did. net have a card of the War laduetrtea Board la bia window could aell ahoea, and only the standardised aba? riylrt he wold. No jobber or manufacturer would aoll ahoea to anybody wfio did not-have thin card. The ahoea ware to be stamped zClass A. B or C and had to be of the quality prescribed and ' *uld Ja the price fixer applied to every agency of Inflation . before the hurtful process, started. An intelligent control of the flow of men.' money and materials would ho'Trtiposed, instead of having, the blind panic heretofore ensuing on the first appearance of the frantic demands of war. The Draft Board would have be, fore it the ruling* of the" priority committee, together with the estimated : heeds of every business sad profs** ion la it* relationship to the oondsct I of tho war. and men would be n*teet>~ ed accordingly^ The Draft Beard 1 could more Intelligently decide; with the advte* of the priority committee, many* of the problems with whir> it would, befaoediThoolBUt Jw jml sending of men te the trenehue who WsM Mllld W mtff IMiWPHd W tat*. pot MOMMI7 to the winning m the ?ar w??II bo oartailed. Tho Draft Board woaM tare that InformstioB before it. The prices of iir tltm belac Im4, the price Axing ^ompiittoo would ntake any ifimry adjustments, mm was does daring tho war. Uader the syetaea need in 191< these prices wore made public and sdjaatod every tbree oaths. ao that any conaamor or pro dacer Bad his day in ooart whoa ho ooaatAorsd prices nafhir. Thooo who aoiplalnod that during tho war prions wore too high .had this ready roeoarae da hand. w mi wtwit ?I1 n? iuinm?i the country would hava been mobilised tay the tonMlloa of eenMutlteoe re#reMtutlvc Of -eech MaMry ee woo low tar the World War. / Over tkcm would bo plocod ? government director or commodity chief. Tfcevar loils jgosprnmeot doyntHf^rrwouid appoint committees repraeenllug their requirements, ap tbot on mm oommlttoo tfco resoorees of ttao nation would bo foproaontod-and on ttao ottaor Iho demands of ttao NiicaoMt. Ttao govcmaaopf direstor would otand taotwooo to decide. In conjunction with ttao priority committee, to what deportment supplies etaonld go. Money would be "controlled and dt* rootled like any other resource. "Taking the profit out; of war** la not synonymous. with "conscription of wealth," aa It la sometimes regarded; The latter to o. theoretical project, prohibited tay our Constitution, contrary to the spirit of oegjoclal and political Institutions, and knpoesible in practice; - Taking the prollt out of wdr W mn orderly nod scleatfflc development of the economics nod conduct of~medera war, necessary to ttao etaecttve mobilisation of national resources and Indispensable to equalising the hardens of war among the armed and -efvttUia population Bom of asp* rlence and proved by practice. It remorse pome of the moot destructive .concomitants of modem war?tlfseoefusioa and waste Incident to war time folattdn. Title term "conscription or freshta,** need tay as tetany. has .create* -a hope among those of socialistic tendencies, and- a ftanr among those who, like me. believe to our system bas^d wpon peraonel Initiative and reward. Of a tak Im' ii* wunst. without?nevmenl- Or i* wV St?U. Nattbar |k? hop? or til* fwr If Jvstltad by tha tmtom MMtUfi b*f*U raaialaa* acby nr moMT^boM bl ToVtrolW a"* 6\ recta* la a Mlioul *m*rgmncj. * a' Ml iMi bo p?r?ln?d to ? * hla waaay u ht wllkw than ha akotttd ba parnlttad to mm tb? praMaatfMi a# M| wis*. Oil ar tbMaij luit?^hfl^ia ; V . x tJK-* ' ' : - ' , ; :: . :' ' ' . ' . . ; -I. , ;.: - . . ? If .. . -V . .. , their tralael capacity to the taski that supplied the sinews of the whok freat undertaklag. The patriotism the onseigafcaeaa, the thorough goini ^deyoiiortlgnd dUtiJULUllhed capaclt! that marked their teilaome labors da; after" day, month after month, hart made them lit maths and comrades u the men in the -trenches and on th< seas " Tfiere are many then who are afrak thet the adoptJfe of-this plaaby.Con gress would give an iingitus*lo sftftfrl lam or comraunittB -STTTSovivtism ? whatever they, may call It, because they say, "tr you show It can be dam .la wartime there will he a Armani that tt be done ta- peace time," I cannot he done la peace time. Then can be no great undertaking withou a strong moving cause. In peace tlm< the moving cause le^pereonal lnitiatiV< end payment-tor-services performed -The substitute for thet in war time 1 the ootnmon danger. _ . The War Industries Board erne th foremost advocate of., price'fixing am distribution, and It had great power 1 this field, but--when (he Arm is tic cams it recognised that peace cond tions were belny 'restored, and It wa the Drift to change the war4ime orde il-i * x? I a. ?ALT" ?' - - ~a ox mingi nun gg mw 10 rn?-pald On-lplrtti? * ; . _ ) ual Preparation for Qafherlng ?f^ ? - Forces at Pleuaton May 11-18 I Conditions favor a distinct adrsaee ; x r I OB the. part of Southern Baptists is V b..[4III along many lines, according to r inforroatl6u Mt+HKl My the liaad'* ! quart ere" of the Co-operfUve Program , I Commission of Southern Baptists. . t This bodr. 'obargsd .hr--4ha" Booth- . a . am Baptist Conveiitlon.and varhm* t i stats conventions with providing' adea j quads' support for foreign; missions., S'l horns missions, ministerial relief sad ( j,Baptist schools,- hospitals and liP;' * i pbsnages, is soaking to so "increase I ^slwiliear ^ ., i.m ~9 tka Am* | ?UU 0MIUIIUV IU? SUVVMSV W0 sew B ' J. '^1. .1 II I 1| II. I I t I ; ? T" ... fl A y?'W^ F : 53 lgM| P- f K- 4 " m i J ML t??_ 11 1 W k I * kk. ' Wk w ^ P9P ^]# JrJ ? - ' s . ' . i1 '" * *: ' ' , '. 1'; ;.'f'" _~ 7 ? nomination as to provide adequately "for all these enterprises through a '* . regular budget.' In this connectiom ! the Commission is seefcing to enlist ... j as nearly as possible every member . a! Aiun *kun)i In mabliur lr April, whin every one of tlio nearly t 4,000,000 WhitO Baptists of tho South _ will ba asked to moke as geaeroae ' an offerlag as possiMo to tho whole Co-operative Program, this money to he distributed proportionately among " "the ieren general canoes emhraeed ? __ ? therein. * , Convention Preepeets Geo# ? In-the erent this April fagatheoa tag attains the goal est for It, ft ? . ri will make it possible for tho variewe r South wide Baptist eaterprteee to. ropost groot relief la tbotr. ftaaaelal ' ?? p situation to th? Sou there Baptist Convention at lis sosaioa la Hooetoa, Texaa, May 11-19. Tho efeamlttefc on program fay this ' year's convention.^ la tha hops of gftrII lag that seiaioB tha largest pesalhls ? spiritual emphasis, hhs arrrfbfed for ' a special soayoa of-grayeraad war ? ahlpla tha CMmtloft udnorlaa at Houston for Tuaaday arenlng, May "T t 11th, praeodtaf tha opaalog of tkft f Coaptation on Vodaaaday atom in?. B At thia praliaslaary aorrftoa J. Vra* f gcholfHsid >T Btrmtnghaia, Ala . wiH '* r -Ux^^k Af U(u Hill k.A tha- prayar UMI Dr. H. R. * IIolcoMb of IIimMM; U.. wttl y praaeb a b^iaf ? rma*. AMttor tm \ noratloa f thto yaar'a^CoaVamtioa parata* ??? araaint MMlw #?tH a krtaf HTM by a ra?raaa?tat!ra - , .-; .- ; | v.- . rV"-^/!p 'V ' ?? ;? 1 1 N,|,J *" './ r'* ' iiii*"'^.'- + : +* . r."-;v