VOL. 11. MANNING, CLARENiDON COUNTY, S. C., WEDNESDAY. SEPTEMBE 88N
.1ACK, TIlE 1BUSI! a N( i
A THRILLINI STOR OF 1iM
The Stranac Eperiecua of.I an i
man Who Went GoIJ 1h:li'i in a
Where No Man Could Ca! ll l irt- Siffe.
(From The Atant c I
Reading in your journal an - i
headed "A Bushranger Iuterviewca,
savs a writer in Chambers', recalls to v'y
memory a str -incident which co
curred some y ago to my own broth
er, when on his way from svd3V to the;
gold fiels, and for the acur
which I can vouch.
At the time of his arrival in *n alia
the country was in a state of I a
reign of terror existed, caused by the
daring outrages committed on parties on
the journey to and from the djggings.
Robbery with violence, ezscorts shot
down, and large consignments of gold
carried off, were of daily occurrence.
The bush was infested by a gang of des
perate bushrangers. mhose leader, under
the cognomen of "Jack," seLut to bear
a charmed life. For years he h ' evaded
all the efforts made to capture him,
though the military had scoured the
bush. No sooner was an outrage perpc
trated than all trace of the perpetrators
was lost, as if the ground had swallowed
them. He had a perfect knowledge of
the most secret movements of the par
ties he attacked. 'He seemed ubiquitous,
outrages occurring in such rapid suc
cession and so far apart. Such an air of
mystery hung about him that a super
stitious feeling mingled with the mortal
terror he inspired. He was represented
by some persons who had seen him as a!
fine, powerful-looking man, with nothing
forbidding in his appeamnce.
Even the mad thirst for gold could not
induce the bravest person to undertake
the journey alone. The gold-seekers
traveled in large cavalcades, well armed,
and determined to fight for their lives
and property; one of these parties my
brother joined. He was a hantdseme
young fellow, all fun and love of adven
ture, and he soon became a general
favorite. The "track"-for there were
no roads at that time--ran for the great
er distance through the brush, some
parts or which were so dense as Searcely
to admit daylight. Every man was weil
armed. My brother had brought with
him a first class revolver, purchased in
London. This he kept with other valu
ables carefully hidden on his person, his
other belongings being stowe Lway in
one of the wagons. When they
bivouacked for the night, care was taken
that it was an open space, where a good
lookout could be kept, to make sure
against a sudden surprise. The wagons
were placed in the middle, sentries
posted, and scouts placed so that the
flight of a bird or the fall of a leaf could
not pass unnoticed. All were on the
qui vive. For some days all went well,
- nothing unusual or alarming occurring.
They were-then well into the builsh, and
consequent!y, if possible, more vigilant,
believing that even a mouse could not
i:trude itself among them.
One morning it was found that during
the night they had been, spite of all their
vigilance, mysteriously and unaccounta
bly joined by a stranger, who stood in
their midst as if one of themselves. No
one couldimaginehow orwhencehe came,
and utter astonishment prevailed. He was
a fine, portly man, from thirty-five to
.forty years of age, with an open, pre
posseing countenance and good ad
dress-one who, under other circemn
stances, would have been an acquisition
to the party. Not in the least taken
aback or abashed by the scant welcome
he received or the undisguised surprise
hi resence created, he came forward
boldly and told a most plausible story to
the etfrect that he was a stranger making
his way to the gold nields; that, notwith
standing the stories he had heard in
Sydney of "Jack" and his comrades, he
had ventured so far alone, but as he got
farther into the bush he lost heart and
determined to join the first party he met.
It looked strange that he had no lug
gage of any kind, not even provisions or
anything to indicate that he was bound
for a long journey. He made no attempt
to account for Iiis mysterious appear
anc~e, entered into. the arrangements of
the cavalcade, and made himself quite at
home. iEvery man among them, with
the exception of my brother, believed
that no one but "Jack" himself could
have taken them by surprise, the gener
al belief being thtit could only be from
personal experience the terrible bush
ranger derived the perfect knowledge he
dislayed when making his raids.
The party agreed that the wisest course
would be to await the progress of events,
watch his every movement, and let him
see that they were prepared to sell their
lives dearly, if driven to do so.
The stranger seemed to have an un
limited supply of money, and to be gen
erous about it, pavPa bis way freely.
He took atc o-'' - brother, and the
liking was maig in diggers' parlance,
they bcae.... .es, chummed, walked
and smoked t .:her. My brother found
him a well-intrmed, agreeable compan
ion, a vast improvement on their rough
associates; and he seemed thoroughly to,
enjoy the society of the jovial young~
Irish gentleman. A sincere fniendship
sprung up between them, notwithstand
.ing the disparity in years.
i'he other members of the party be
came very anxious, fearing the man
would tate advantage of my brother's
unsuspicious, trusting nature to obtain
information that would be useful to hin
when forming his plans for the attack
which was hourly .erpeeted-i~n fact
looked upon as imminient. Nor were
their fears allayed when, after a little, he
would leave th'e beaten track and wlk.
into the bush, remaining away for hours,
and returning at the most unexpected
times and phaces, showing a thorough
knowledge of the bush and all its intrica
cies and short cuts qite inconsistent
with the story he had told on joining.
One thing struck my; brother as
strange, but without exciting any sus
picion on his part. 'When walking' to
gether he would suddenly stand, become
quite excited, and say: '-Oh, it was here
such an outrage occurred-" "It was on
the spot on which we arc standing that
the escort was shot down and a large
consignment of gold carried off. They
did fgM like demons." He seemed to
t te ratest picnsure m givi
:im:: details of the dilferent outrage
h ad occurred, aid always Spok
.S I i 1,;ha been an eye-witness. u
gh was my brother's belief i
'eW frieLd that eVen1 this did no
si::W hi1" faith
V ewit hi a lew days of the jour
. n, the stranger suddenly an<
(cipectedlv declared his inten
tiol of parluig comlpany. He offered n<
c na'ati as to his reason for doing so
11-i4h ;.i through he had seemed anxi
aus to unpress it on them that he in
tk::ded to go the entire way to the dig
,ings wi them. No questions wert
:ik;er a general and hearty leave
tk:g, which, however, did not inspir
'ehl cn.idence, as they were still withi:
ran.e of au pssible attack. He asked ml
brohLer to take a last walk with him, am
the way into the bush further tha
ie had ever brought him before, and
lo itance from the beaten track
The first words the stranger said were
;Mate, don't you cariy a revolver?"
The answer was: "Yes, and a first
class one. Not such as are got out here
I brought it from home."
"Show it to me," said the stranger,
love a real good weapon;" and withou
the siightest hesitation my brother hand
ed him the revolver, which he examinei
carefully, and saw that the chamber
were loaded. He remarked that it wa
the "prettiest weapon" he had handle
for a long time.
IIe walked a few steps in advance
and, turning round suddenly, he pre
sented the revolver at my brother's head
calling out in a commanding tone
"Stind!" his countenance so changed a
scarcelv to be recognized.
At last my brother felt that he stoo
face to face with the terrible bushranger
but did not lose his presence of mind.
For a moment there was a profount
silence, first broken by the stranger say
ing: "Is there anything on earth to pre
vent my blowing out your brains witl
your own weapon, placed in my hand
of your own free will? The wild busl
round us, I know its every twist ani
turn. The man is not living who couk
track my footsteps through its deptis
where I alone am lord and master
Speak, man! What is there to preven
me?"
With a throbbing heart and a quick
ened pulse my brother answered: "Noth
ing but your sense of honor."
The man's face brightened, and hi!
voice resumed its friendly tone, an(
handing back the revolver, he said: "W<
stand now on an equal footing. Yoi
hold my life in your hands, as I hek
yours a moment ago. Yes, boy, an
our own fortune too, but I trust you
s you trusted me. I would not hurt i
hair of your head, and I have spare(
others for your sake. How, you wil
never know; but they owe you a deel
debt of gratitude. You are a noble
hearted fellow; and through the rest o
my stormy life I will look back witl
uleasure on the time we have passed to
gether. But mate, you are the greates
fool I ever met. 1 brought you her
to-day to give you a lesson which I hopt
vou will bear in mind. You are goin
amongst a rough, lawless crew; never. ai
long as you live, trust any man as yol
have trusted me to-day. Where you ar
bound for, your revolver will be you
only true friend; never let it out of you:
own keeping to friend or foe. You at
far too trusting. There was not a mar
but yourself among those from whom I
have just parted who did not believ<
from the moment I joined them that :
was Jack, the bushranger. Well, mate
I am not going to tell you who or wha
I am, or how or why I came among you
but of this rest assured, that you hav<
no truer friend. You will never knov
what I have done for your sake. Nowi
mate, good-bvye forever. We will neve:
meet again inthis world, and it is bes
for you it should be so." Then leadin,
him back to the track by which he couk'
rejoin his party, he wrung my brother'
hand, turned and walked qui'skly int<
the bush, leaving no doubt upon m;
brother's mind that the friend he had s
loved and trusted was indeed the dreadc<
bushranger.
Tihey never did meet again.. M,
brother came home to die; and unles
my memory deceives me, Jack was she
dead in a skirmish with the military.
Boys a Preng of War.
The good old ladies are now beginnin,
to tell us that war is an inevitable fact c
the near future. How do you know
Simply because all, or mostly all, of th
babies born this year are boys. Thisi
an unfailing presage of war, as ever
sensible thinking man ought to know
It is, of course, a very good thing tha
we are advised of this fact in ample tim<
to trim our sails. Everything will g<
up-that is, everything eatable and sale
able, and we must begin to store awan
and garner up at once. The shodd:
clothing manufacturers, and the ingeni
ous persons who make coffee out of pea:
and hard-tack out of pine blocks car
now go to work at getting ready supplier
for the army. Perhaps there may be
eneral exodus to Canada when this mali
surplus in the baby line becomes known
but we have lost so many prominen
citizens to the unfortunate DLominio.
that we arc grief hardened. I hope tha
the boy-baby sign doesn't mean a cim
war; we have had enough of that. Bu
when the girl babies outnumber th<
bos it will be plainly understood tha
another sort of war is surely foretold
the domestic war. This life is one un
ending strife.-Cleveland Sun.
Perfectiy S'atidled.
A widow in a town in the interior o
this Staite made her appearance at the
otlice of the gas company the other da:
and asked if it were true that electrie
lights were to supersede Las in all th<
public lamps. When answered in the
aira tive she continued: "I own ga
stck, and I want to know if this movi
won't reduce dividends?" "Most assur
edly not, madam," replied the Secretary
"But there will be much less gas con
sumed." "Exactly; but what has th<
quantity of gas consumed to do with thi
gas uill?" She went away without an
swering the query, but perfectly satis
tied.-Wall Street News.
"You atre a regular dude," rudely o1
* rved a on mnt an expenisivel;
reestran ger in the theatre lobby, th
oter nig~ht. "Wronig, my friend," replie<
ine stranger, politely; "I make dudes
rm a taior."
y A TALKAi'oT CIl IMEN', Ti*TH.
s iRv Dr. Thsonns .1. Vnhe C, of snrtnnburz.
)-outh ( arolina. a Gradatte in Utw.itry and
t Medicin.
It is a ad fact that in spite of the
numberess dentists and doct o-s, tooth
ace is very largely on the increase.
1 Thousands o1 teeth are extracted annual
- ly, which by a tinmely care might have
y beev preserved. Not one man in ten has
perfect teeth; rot one woman in twenty
but suffers fron the many bad effects
- arising from this evil. Unfortunately the
. strong white teeth of our grandfathers
cannot be handed down to us as a gooa
ly heritage. The strength and durabili
tv of each iudividual's teeth depend in a
la ge measure o., the faithful, persistent
en'orts of the in thers towards that end.
eelig as.Ulred that no appeals made in
i behalf of the little ones will be made in
vain, I wish now in as -dmple a manner
US possible to call the attention of inter
ebted mothers to a few facts concerning
their children's teeth. A small amount
of knowledge and a vast amount of per
severance on the mother's part will save
the little ones much suffering.
In the first place, I will speak of the
time of formation. As early as the sev
t enth week of fotal life, the formation of
- the temporary teeth begins. The growth
is carried on through various stages, un
s til at birth the twenty decidous or baby
s teeth are all in an advanced condition,
I and the germs of twenty-five of the per
manent set are in a state of development.
It is therefore very necessary that all cx
pectant mothers live on such diet as will
furnish a sufficient quantity of tooth and
'.bone forming material. As lime is one
' principal element of tooth structure, it
is highly important that it be furnished
I in abundance. Nature, always ready to
supply her children's needs, is very gen
erous in her supply of this element, it
i appearing in milk, eggs, vegetables and
- fruits, and more especially in the various
. grains. In the fine white flour, in sugar
and butter, which form the diet of so
s many delicate women, not one particle
of lime appears. Graham flour, oat
1 meal, cracked wheat and honey, abound
I in tooth food. A mother should there
fore diet herself according to practical
common sense rule, and not according
t to a capricious appetite, remembering
always that the health and comfort of
- another helpless human being is depend
- ent solely on her faith.Nlness in per
forming nature's simple requirements.
A diet of milk, eggs, fish, oysters, meat,
with Graham flour prepared'in the many
delicious ways, should satisfy any moth
er, while such food will double her own
I strength, and prove of incalculable bene
fit to the unborn child. Lime water is
very beneticial at such periods; as it
' often relieves the indigestion and heart
i burn from which so many suffer, at the
I same time refurnishing the much needed
lime-salts directly to the system. It can
be easily and cheaply made by putting a
f teacup full of uns;acked lime in a half
gallon of water, stir thoroughly, and
-allow it to settle. When this second
t water has become clear, pour it off into
bottles, and it is ready for use. A table
spoonful in a glass of milk or water
cannot be detected by the taste, and it is
very beneficial to prospective mothers.
Mothers should protect themselves from
all skin diseases, such as smallpox, scar
r let fever and measles. During this
r poriod they invariably render the teeth
of the child grooved or pitted, thus
making them more liable to decay. For
the same reason children should be pro
tected from such diseases until after the
eruption of their teeth.
When about five months old the child
t begins to cut its teeth, as the phrase
.goes. There is no absolute rule as to
Sthe time. Usually the lower teeth pre
.cede the upper of the same class, and
generally come in pairs. The order and
e time of eruption may be seen from the
t following table:
,Two central incisors, No. 1, between 3
i and 8 months.
Two lateral incisors, No. 2, between 7
y and 10 months.
,Two canines, No. 3, between 12 and
S16 months.
i First molars, No. 4, between 14 and
20 months.
,. Second molars, No. 5, between 20 and
s 3 months.
t The child is in possession of all of its
temporary or baby teeth, twenty in
numnber, by the time it is three years
old. I wish just here to impress upon
mothers the importance of preserving
Sthese baby teeth until the permanent.
f teeth appear. A child should never be
o allowed to suffer with toothache. Such
suffering, in almost every instance, may
s be directly traced to the ignorance or
- neglect of the mother. In the first place,
strict cleanliness should be observed.
t As soon as the little teeth appear they
should be washed daily, by wrapping a
i soft rag around the finger, and rubbing
- them very gently up and down. As soon!
as praticable, use a soft camel's hair
- tooth brush. Immediately on the ap
pearance of any decay or spots, a dentist
should be consulted and the child's teeth
should be placed in his care. Should
he be competent and faithful, not one of
.the baby teeth would be lost until they
fall out, whole and sound, according to
nature's method, to make room for the
larger permanent teeth. It is not a
dentist's whim nor mere theory that
t many evils are the direct result of pre
I maturely extracting a child's teeth.
t Without them a child cannot properly
amasticate its food, and thus inctigestion,
t with its train of discomfiting evils, is the
result. If the nerve is killed, the ab
- sorption of the root is arrested, and in
tlammnation and guimboils cause the con
tinual annoyance to the child. Often
this dlead tooth becomes an obstacle in
the way of a new tooth, causing it to
come out where it can best find room,
thus spoiling the beauty of the child's
- teeth and face for life. As before stated
the permanent teeth are already formued
and are quietly waiting in different
stages of development, at the root of the
baby teeth, nature's time for their ap.
e yerne TIhus it is that the permna
.nent teeth are very dependent on the
care of the first teeth. After a child is
. two and a half years old he should be
etaken to the dentist twice a year, so tha
any incipient decay may be checked by
- having thie teeth filled with some of the
many soft materials now so widely used.
If the dentist is careful and competent,
and the mother firm and watchful, little
trouble need be feared from toothache,
-net only during childhood, but even in
e after years.
.The cactus is at present the fahionaible
corative plant.
'L.hat Is said of the Laing ad of the Dead of
ote Party.
(Frm the Wa.'rbury A.erican)
What remarkably good, patriotic men,
are a number of distinguished Demo
crats now that they are dead, and can
never again be candidates for the suf
trages of the American people. There
was Seymour-in life a copperhead who
truckled to mobs; and in death one of
the kindest-hearted of gentlemen, with
a ci-aracter above reproach. whose fame
is heritage New York should ever cher
ish. There was Hancock-in life "a
good man weighing 20 pounds," the
tool of designing politicians; in death a
brave, gallant soldier, without fear and
without reproach, honored and respected
by all who knew him. And there above
all was Tilden-in life "old usufruct,"
the "sage of Cypher alley," whose name
was a synonym for low, disreputable
cunning in orthodox Republican politi
cal circles, "who stole the livery of the
court of Heaven to serve the devil in;"
in death a patriot who, in whatever he
did, acted only and purely from an in
tense love of country, never a self
seeker, and whose final deed in leaving
the bulk of his great fortune for the
beinefit of the people was but the crown
ing act of a career of disinterested pa
triotism. We can see the historian of
the future, as he compares what was
said of the great leader, living, by his
political opponents, with what they said
of him dead, moralizing for the benefit
of generations yet unborn on the short
sighted habit of lying, so soon to be con
demned out of his own mouth.
We can even see the future historian
sitting down to review the first year and
a half of Grover Cleveland's administra
tion. Beside him will be a great mass of
clippings from Republican papers, con
taining editorials on him while he was
yet in power. They will discant on the
size of his neck and any little personal
habit that may be turned into ridicule.
Ti.ey will speak of his hypocritical de
sire to appear to carry out his pledges to
the civil service reformers, while in real
ity he was prostituting the public service
to carry out the designs of a Cxsar's
ambitio'n for a second term. Th"- will
show the imbecility which has cha- --
ized his State papers, and the blunders
he has been guilty of in trying to pass
himself off as a party leader, etc., etc.
Then the historian will turn to these
same papers-we hope many years in the
undiscovered future-for editorial com
ments on Cleveland's death. He will
ind this same period of his administra
tion characterized as one in which an
earnest effort was made to serve the pub
lic faithfully. All through it will be
noted the conduct of affairs was treated
with unestentatious business common
sense. Honest money was upheld and
national credit strengthened; our rights
abroad were maintained without bluster;
the spoilsmen were kept at bay by strong
efforts and the tone of the pnbhe service
raised; appointments to oflice were on
the -hole exceptionally good.
All that has thus far been hinted at was
well said the other day by the poet lau
reate of the Republican party-John
Greenleaf Whittier. Coming foith from
his retirement to lay a tribute on the
rave of Samuel J. Tilden, who was of
ll the Democratic leaders of our day the
most bitterly and unjustly maligned by
the Republican press, Mr. Whittier
closes with these words:
"Then let us vow above his bier
To set our feet on party lies,
And wound no more a living ear
With words that death denies."
Will not those words of one who has
never faltered in devotion to any great
cause or in support of the Repachican
party with which he has been identifled
from his birth, strike a responsive chord
in many hearts? There is little gained
by indiscriminate abuse of the living.
The public discounts it and makes up its
own mind about its truth or falsity. It
accomlishes no good party end except
to keep alive feelings of intense partisan
ship in breasts where in any case they
would never die out.
Why not, then, be fair in criticising
the living? When must our criticism be
followed by eulogy at the bier?
In a~ Ennk.
A gentleman greatly interested in col
eting statistics of crimes and crrnnmals,
once visited a penitentiary for the pur
pose of questioning the convicts with re
gard to their ocupations before entering
upon a career of crime. This was rather
iicult to effect, owing to the rigid en
forcement of the rule forbidding conver
ation with the prisoners. He (lid, how
ver, manage to put a qluestion or two to
one low browed convict.
"What was your occupation before
yon came here?" whispered the statistics
"I wvas in a bank," was the reply.
"Did vou take a clerkship?"
"No, I took a jimmy."-Texas Sift
ings.
A Chinese Prodni~on.
It is a curious fact, unknown to the
vast majority of people, that the first silk
hat was made about fifity years ago; that
like so many other articles which are
common and of every day use, it was of
Chinese origin. The story runs that a
French sea captain on the coast of
China, desiring to have his shabby beav
er hat rep~hiced by a new one, -took it
ashore, and as they had not the materi
al, they made nun a silk one instead.
This, it appears, happened in 1832, and
he cried. the hat to Paris the samte
year. Here it was immediately copied,
md in a few years became a regular
style.
P'ued:,ient, in old Tue..
The following brief record is reprinted
from the 11artford, Conn., Coiunt, un
der date of Septeiaber 7,l17l:
ILAumtou:, September 7.
Last week Davi.id Canmpbell and Alex
ander Pettigrew were indicted before the
Smuirior Court, sitting in this town, for
breaking op~en and robbing the house of
Mr. Abiel Abbot, of Windsor, of two
watches, to which indictment they bo:h
plead guilty, and were sentenced each
~o thenm to receive fifteen stripes, to
have their right ears cut off, and to be
branded with a capital letter B on their
foreheads; which p)unishment was in
flicted on them last Friday. Pettigrew
bled so much from the amiputation of his
VIEWS OF SOUTHERN MEN.
EXPRESSIONS OF OP!X N HW$ *. rI.fl'
TIE ADMiNiTn.ATION.
iow the Ne;:roes Have Been Daird by the i c
publicnn Poiiticians-Dihenant he E vents al
the Day at a Famous Re-ort.
(Letter to the Ncw York S:tar.)
WHITE SUnrrrn SPI s, W. VA.
August 27.-In ante-bellum days the ne
gro in the South bore the same relation
to financial questions of the planter as
do to-day the bonds and stocks of the
Northern man. In those days the plant
er hvoothecated his slaves with the
banker or cotton factor, as the case
might be, for ready money advanced. It
is true that the crop returns usualy paid
the loan, and the collateral was rarely
sold. WhLen peace was declared, that
system was forever dead; but the uned
ucated blacks were slow to realize the
fact, and the memories of those old days
lingered fresh and painfl for many
years. The carpet-baggers who overran
the South with all the destructiveness of
seven-year locusts, were quick to note
the negroes' fears, and equally quick to
impose upon them. Mahone and his ilk
did not hesitate to have the colored
preachers threaten the members of their
respective churches with excommunica
tion if they dared vote the Democratic
ticket. During the last Presidential cam
paign the ne oes were told, and actual
ly believed, t t the election of a Demo
cratic President meant their immediate
return to bondage, the separation of
families, confiscation of their property
and deprivation and destruction of all
that a man, be he black or white, holds
dear. By this rank imposition on their
credulity the Republicans were enaled
to poll nearly the full negro vote.
President Cleveland, by his manly
course, has done much to kill sectional
ism, engender kin31y feelings between
the Southern Democrats and the negroes
and weaken the power of the Republican
party. The Southern negro is a close
and shrewd observer. To quote the lan
guage of Mr. Valentine, the Virginia
sculptor, "he is constantly watching the
white man as though to learn his
thoughts."
To-night the Star correspondent had
an interesting conversation with Walker
Lewis, the head waiter at the Springs.
He came to the Springs in June, 1830,
with Governor Floyd. He was a slave
then, owned by Judge Nicolls, of -ir
ginia. Since that time he has sp.ent
every summer here, and his winters have
been passed in Washington and Dalti
more. Lewis is a shrewd, keen obrerver
and an unusually intelligent negro. In
speaking of President Cleveland, he said:
"Mr. Cleveland is greatly admired by
the Southern negroes, and by his
methods has done much to turn them
from the Republicans. His appoint
ment of Matthews in place of Fred
Douglass and his refusal to withdraw the
nomination, although he has not been
confirmed, has especially pleased us.
Then, too, he has acted liberally, and
given men offices when they had nu
right to expect them, and has not disturb
ed capable men in oftice simply because
they were Republicans. The appoint
ment of Postmaster Pearson. of New
York, is an instance. It is undoubtedly
true that at the time of his election many
of the colored people believed they
would be returned to slavery, but they
now recognize that the statement was
simply a Riepublican lie, and it has dis
gusted them. MIr. Cleveland is almost
unversally liked, and his course since
taking his seat has been such as to win
many colored voters to him. My race
does not say very much, but we have
frequent secret meetings and discuss the
otical question, and .i know he is pop.
lar with the colored people. With the
increase of education we are becoming
more independent, and the time is not
far distant when we will vote as we think
best, independent of party. We are
waking up to the fact that the Demo
crats are not mortal enemies, but that it
is as much to their interests as ours that
we should receive education and vote in
telligently. In Rtichmnond the Democrats
pay as much attention to our schools as
to the white schools, and eual advan
tages are being afforded our children to
obtain education."
"How is General Lee regarded by the
colored people?"
"He is very popuiu-, and if he should
receive the Democratic nomination for
Vice-President in 1888 he would greatly
strengthen the ticket. In fact, Cleve
land and Lee would sweep the South,
and I have no doubt that Mr. Leo would
run well in the North and West. He-i is
a thorough gentleman and finished
scholar, and a man of immense personal
magnetism. I know the colored p)eople
would be glad to have him nominatedt."
In speaking of the feeling of the Mis
sissippi negro toward President Cleve
land, State Senator J. B. IDoothe, of
Jackson, said to the Star correspon~denit:
"It is undoubtedly true that in nmy state
President Cleveland will receive many
negro votes if renominated without any
persuasion thereto. He is very popul
and the administration is most heartily
endorsed. Of course there are some few
who believe in the doctrine that to the
victor belong the spoils, but they are
mostly disappointed oil ice-seekers. Tfhe
intelligent Democrats approve of his
p)oliev as to Federal oliees, and his re
fusal" to turn competent lieptulicaui
oiicials out merely because they :are e
publicans has been the mer us of wmng
over many colored votes."
"How is the tariff question viewed i
Mississippi?"
"The free trade feeling is rapidly
growing, and many of our we:dltident
merchants favor the aboltiou u1 th
tariff for revecnue only, andt the substa
tion of direct taxation. The. vie tX L.
is best expressed in the ! angua ge of
gentleman with whom I was convecrs'
a short time ago. lie said he hm~a
~oght a silk dress for his vif at - a
yard, and the duty on it w~t over.a p
yard. A direct income tax wou'ld meet
our views."
'Have you heard any expression of
opinion as to the second place on the
ticket in 1888?"
-"The South would undoubtedly like to
.kave either Secretary Lamar or General
'Lee nominated. The latter gentleman is
mpoba the ore popular, and would
earry more weight with the negroes.
WhiWe should like representation on
the ticket, however, the South has a
rCater interest in obliterating every
feeling of sectionalism, and to that end
wouId probably not urge representation
ou the ticket ats strongly as it otherwise t
would. The one great desire of the
South. colleeivelv and individually, is to I
have Xorthezn nen recognize that we I
are American citizens, and have as great
-an interest in the preservation of the s
Union as they have. For many years we T
irae been most unjustly represented as c
barbarians. ready to stab the Northern V
man in the back. For the feeling thereby
engendered in the North we have not
and do not blame Northern people, for
we recognized that they formulated their I
ideas from the maliciously false state- d
ments made with a purpose by Northern 1
i Republican papers. We have remained
quiet, believing that with the increase of a
commercial relations and the mingling of a
Northern and Southern men this would b
be corrected. This has, in a large mea- P
sure, come to pass, and the presentation J
of Southern questions in a fair, unbiased t
manner by the Star will materially aid t
us. Heretefore we have not had a'New I
York paper that we could place faith i 1
and look to for just treatment. All that i
we ask is that when we are right we be t
defended, and when wrong rebuked. 3
iThe World, while read in the South, is 0
not generally liked, because of its sensa
tional and unclean style and the charac- 3
ter of its editor. The Herald is regarded i
as a weather vane, ready to point in any
direction. The Star is liked for its clean- e
liness and bright, fearless discussion of
vital public questions."
TilE NATIONAL GRIDIRON. C
f
Points of interest Regarding the American T
Flag.
(From the Virginia (Nev.) Enterprise.)
In response to a communication of in- I
quiry we give the following, compiled I
from the most authoritative and reliable t
sources. In the beginning of the Revo- S
lution a variety of flags were displayed r
in the revoted colonies. After the bat- I
tle of Lexington the Connecticut troops s
displayed on their standards the arms of 0
the colony with the motto: Qui transtulit s
sustinet; and later, by act of the Pro- s
vincial Congress, the regiments were dis- C
tinguished by the various colors of their w
flags. It is uncertain what flag, if any, A
was used by the Americans at the battle s
of Bunker Hill. The first armed vessels s
commissioned by Washington sailed un- ii
der the fiag adopted by the Provincial I
Congress of Massachusetts as the one to t
be borne on the fiag of the cruisers of 1
that colony-"a white flag with a green 1
Pine tree." The first Republican'flag t
unfarled in the Southern States-blue, 1
with a white crescent in the upper cor- e
ner next to the staff-was designed by f
Col. William Moultrie, of Charleston, t
S. C., at the request of the committee of a
safety, and was hoisted on the fortifica- f
tions of that city in September, 1775. h
The official origin of the "grand i
Union" flag is involved in obscurity. At 0
the time of its adoption at Cambridge t
the colonies still acknowledged the legal s
rights of the mother country, and there
fore retained the blended crosses of St.
Georg- and St. Andrew, changing only
the fieId of the old ensign for te tir-b
teen stripes emblematic of their union.
The color of the stripes may have been
suggested by the red flag of the army, it
and the white flag of the navy, previous
ly in use. Congress resolved, on June
' , 1777 "that the flag of the thirteen
United States be thirteen stars, white in
a blue field, representing a new constel
lation." This is the first recorded legis- 0
lative action for the adoption of a nation- f
al flag. The thirteen stars were arrang- c
ed in a circle, although no form was pie- ,
scribed otlicially. The flag thus adopted g
remained unchanged till 1794, when, on g
motion of Senator Bradley, of New r
York, it was resolved that from and after $
Mlay 1, 1795, "the flag of the United d
States be fifteen stripes, alternate red u
and white, that the union be fifteen a
stars, white in a blue field." This was
the flag used in the war of 1812-14. The
act made no provisions for future altera-g
tions, and none were made until 1818,
although several new States had mean
while been admitted into the Union.
In 18163, on the admission of Indiana,
a committee was appointed "to inquire ti
into the expediency of altering the flag." fi
A bill was reported on January 2, 1818, a
but was not acted on, which embodied b
the suggestions of Captain Samuel C. b
Reid, a distinguished naval officer, who e
recommended the reduction of the d
stripes to the original thirteen, and the e
adoption of stars cequal to the number of a
States, formied into one large star, and a n
new star to be added on the Fourth of f,
July next succeeding the admission of c&
each new State. On April 4, 1818, a bill b
enmbodying these suggestions, with the 1
exception of that designating the man- p
ner of arranging the stars, was approved li
by the President, and on the 13th of the n
same month the flag thus established n
was hoisted over the hall of Representa- e
tives at Washington, although its legal t)
existence did not begin until the follow- '[
ing Fourth of July. iz
Il 185, when Congress passed a vote tI
of thauks to Captain Reid, the designer t<
of the fiag, it was suggested that the c4
mode of arrangement of the stars should a
be prescribed by law, but the matter was w
overlooked. The stars in the unions of n
fags used in the war department of the u
government arc generally arranged in a:
one large star; in the navy flags they are w
invariably set in parallel tines. The blue IL
union of stars, when used separately, is b
called the union jack. The United States ir
revenue flag, adopted in 1799, consists n
I M epniua stripes, alternately w
rd and white, the union white, with the r;
national arms in dark blue. The union cs
ued wart.ely constitutes the revenue b
nitn. ~ he imericainyacht flag is like b
he national 'ig wi ~th the exception of e:
th n 1"'en, wie is a1 white foul anchor a
in cicleof1, stars, in a blue field. tl
-.t 'ular iicience.
si
ailii geto:.t mc yesterday: "I ^
yrw ngon Tenth street, near the il
e1o iuling, this afternoon when I i
m ': ' riht aed' colored man. His tI
..w11 -eaakbly clear, and some.-t
in ntheir sloe-black depths made me P.
tin ha t a singular thing a blue eyed U
dake3 vould be. Then 1 wondered if T
uchi a comenon could exist, and, g
strange to v, whbile I thinking about it, ~
I passed anro. er negro, one of whosev
ey es, through some trouble or other, had f
become a genuine blue. It certainly was U
. mo+ snar. coindence. +-ke it all di
MAKING OLEOMARGARINE.
low the Stuff is Concocted and What Some of
the Profits Are.
(From the Philadelphia Times.)
A Times reporter yesterday penetrated
he mysteries of a margery factory and
rhat he learned of the process is told
tere. The principal incredient used in
he manufacture of the oi is beef's fat,
If the best quality, the manufacturers
ay. The fat is bought by the load,
rheeled into the wash-house in a hand.
ar, dumped into tanks of ice-water,.
rhere it is allowed to soak. It is then
tred into a trough, through which it is
hot into a hasner, which grinds it into
marrow or pulp, which is forced into a
ettle containing a steam jacket and
ouble bottom, through which hot water
continually run. After the pulp has
een melted and boiled in the kee for
number of hours it is run oft into
nother large kettle, in which it is again
oiled, after which it is run off into a
umber of small kettles, where it is sub
acted to another boiling and mixed with
he chemicals used in the production of
he oil. After it has been thoroughly
3ixed and boiled in the small kettles it
Srun off into a large square tub, where
is allowed to cool. It is then run
brough a cleaning machine, during
rhich process the sterine is pressed out
f the oil. The sterine comes out in
iin cakes and closely resembles tallow.
t is sold by the oleomargarine manu
wturers to lard manufacturers, who use
to brace up their lard in warm weath
r. After the sterine has been extracted
de oil is in proper shape for salting. It
then placed in a heating room, in
,hich the temperature is from 90 to 100
egrees, where it is allowed to stand for
ve days.
( MA IT LOOK LIE GRASS BuTE.
Chemicals are used to heighten the
right golden color of the oil, annatto
emg the principal chemical used for
sat purpose. After the oil has been
abjected to the heating process it is
ady for the churn. The churn is run
y steam and is a large tank with a
pigot at one end, through which the
leomargarine runs after it has been
ifficiently churned. One hundred and
sty quarts of milk are used in each
urn, which, when mixed with the oil,
ill produce 1,500 pounds of butterine.
Iter the oil and milk have been
afficiently churned it is run through the
igot into a large square tub, where it
es in a liquid state until it is congealed
y being mixed with cracked ice. It is;
ien shoveled out of the tub on to a
mg table, against the wall, where it is
berally salted and allowed to lie until
ie salt is absorbed. It is then made up
ito pounds and stamped, wrapped in
overs and boxed up for sale. The
Letory is kept quite clean, considering
1c character of the work performed,.
ad the process of manufacturing the
ncr grades of butterine is not particu
6rly offensive, as comparatively good
iaterial is used. But the manufacture
f tallow from the commoner fat is at
nded by a disagreeable odor, which is
ekening.
A MistFACTUREB's CLAM.
The proprietor of the establishment
Lys that oleomargarine is a great deal
etter and healthier than common but
r and that he uses it on his table alto
ether. Before it is thoroughly salted;
has an oily, greasy taste, and the sight
it piled upon the tables, absorbing
hatever particles of dust may be float
ig around, is not inspiring and im
resses one strongly in favor of the com
ton butter. According to the new law,.
eomargarine manufacturers ivill in the
iture be compelled to pay a tax of two,.
mnts on each pound manufactured,;
;amp their goods oleomargarine or but
~rine and discontinue the use of annatto
r coloring purposes. They think it
ither hard that the law should treat
temn so harshly, merely to please the
airymen. They claim that the farmers:
se snnatto to color their best butter
ad that they frequently purchase the
Leo oil to mix with their commoner
rades.
CrematIons at Pere La Chaise.
Next month the Parisians will be abre
>burn their dead in four .crematoiy
irnaces, which have just been finished
Pere La Chaise. These furnaces were
egun last November, and have been
arried on to completion, so that by the
ad of August at latest those who in
ying express the wish to be cremated.
mn be there reduced to ashes. There.
ill be first, second and third class cre
ations. Poor and rich will be on a,
>oting of absolute equality. The price
2arged to those who can afford for the
urnmng of a corpse will be 15f.-or, say,.
2s. The furnaces were constructed on.
lans by MM. Barrett and Formice. A.
rge portico is in front of a dome, be
eath which are placed the crematory fur
ices. They have the appearance of very
egant ovens. Three hundred and fifty
tousand francs was the price they cost.
hey are, according to the Corini system,
tuse in Rorne and Milan. It was found;
tat the heat of the Siemens furnace was
>o intense. Instead of reducing the
>rpse to ashes it subjected it to,
kind of vitrification. The cost, too,.
ould be 200f., instead 15f., to cre
ate with a Siemens furnace. The
aclaimed bodies at the hospitals which.
e not used for anatomical purposes.
ill be taken to the crematory at Pere.
a Chaise. Sculptors, goldsmiths and
:-onze casters are already busy design
.g urns, of which an assortment in
arble, bronze, gold, silver, zinc or lead
ill be kept at an office of the cremato
r.The relatives of the cremated dead
.n buy these vessels, and cause them to
Sremoved to funily vaults, or to as
1ilding which the city of Paris is to
-ect. There could be no greater boon to
large city with overcrowded cemeteries
an the furnaces of Pere La Chaise. I
.not conceive anything more disre
'etful to the dead than the way their
'mains are treated here, even when a
-st-class burial can be provided, if th'ere
not a family vault in which to place
em. Buying a grave is no simple mat
r. The delays are endless, and the ap
ication for one must go through many
u-eaus before official consent is given.
Lien there are other formalities to be
>ne through. Meanwhile the corpse is
a, charnel house, called a provisional.
.ult, at a cost of 1f. a day. The re
oval thence to the grave, which must
~in masonry at the sides, is acause of
mnger to the public heahth.-Paris Di.
itch to the London Daily News.