VOL. II. MIANNIN(G, CLARENDON COUNTY, S. C.. WEDNESDAY. AUGUST 18 1886. NO.36.
.10)1IN@ON 1SL.D U
A PEN PR*TURiE OF TUE i T Ot -
ERN PHi-O.
The Pirate of Ltke Erie-e 'e
Lake Stenmer by a GU;d o '
pathizer--The Failur eur V.'Thr I.
Chief of the Crewa. Elc.
(Frzm the Mt-a c--s*_*'A--n.)
Johnson's Island, now an historie so(t.
lies four miles from the cit'y of Sn 1usy,
Ohio, in the midst of as beatiu '
sheet of water as can be found on
lakes. Seen ac >ss the ba w i
green slopes relieved by thea p.
white limestone, it presents a lovely pie
ture. The highest is perhaps I.*f;* t
above the water level, and -is
center of the island, which is oxe nie
long, a half wide, and contains 3 -eres.
In the days long since departed, it
covered with a magnificent growth of
oak and maple, and was a favorite resort
of the Indians, who then thronged all
the lake shore. The waters which wash
its shores were alive with I)Lck bass,
pickerel and perch, and continue so to
this day.
The soil is full of Indian r s and in
one corner is an old Idlian burying
ground. 3Iany weird legends of Indianls'
ghosts are still extant, and would otar
telling. For years the island was owned
by one Bull, and it was called fter hini.
The first custom-house for ths port Was
located on the island at one ,ime, ad
the foundations are still to be seen. In
18K2, F. B. Johnson bought the proper
ty, and still owns it. In 151A depot
for Confederate prisoners was wanted IJ
and the government leased the islad,
which at once sprang into notoriety as
Johnson's Island. At that time but lit
tle of it was under cultivation, and the
improvements were of the most primi- I
tive character. W. T. West, of this
city, was awarded the contract for build
ing quarters for prisoners and guards,
and from that time, until the close of
the war, it was the scene of constant
activity. January 1, 1862, Company A,
of Hothmans Battalion, took possession
for the government; later Companies BIb
C and D, same battalion, were added,
and in 18G33 six miscellaneous companies.
The whole was erected into one hundred
and twenty-eighth 0. V. ., in the latter
part of 1863. The first post connander
was Major W. S. Pierson, afterward
brevet brigadier general. Colocel Chas. 1
W. Hill, General Tarry and Major Lee '
were successively his succesors. he6
troops on the isand were ehnsted spe
cially for this particular *service, and
some of them moved ther fanilies to
the prison, and soon a schocl-house and
church were erected
April 9, 1862, the first instalPment of
prisoners arrived. These mn were
nearly all privates, but as the gre'-t se
curity of the prison became knon, onlI
officers were sent to the island. Froim
the first arrival until the close of the
war there was a constantly varying num
ber of Confederates on the island. tome
times as high as 3,000 were under guard,
the total number confined aggregating
15,000. Many dit d, and soon a little ceme
tery of some 400 graves was cstablished
in a beautiful grove on the eastern end
of the island. Comrades of the deceased
whiled away days in carving elaborate
wooden head boards for their dead com
rades, and some of them, executed with
ordinary pocket cutlery, still remain ex
quisite examples of amateur talent. For
some reason, the defenders of a lost
cause have never, with two or three ex
ceptions, given the place any attention,
and but for the kindness of the G. A. R. I
Post, the lonely burying spot would be
lost in a mass of undergrowth.
As Canada filled up with Southern
sympathizers, it was deemed best to!
bring additional troops to the island,
and to erect strong fortifications, the
ruins of which still remain in almost
perfect condition. Even the magrazines
of the forts aire in such a state of pre
servation as to admit of minute explora
tion. From time to time rumors of an
attack from the Canadian shore were
heard. It was said that a strong force
would come from Canada, release the
prisoners, and seizing the ammunition'
and cannon of the forts, form an invad-1
ing army to burn Toledo, Sandusky,1
Clevelandi and the lake ports.
The warship Michigan was put on1
guard and every precaution taken to
prevent surprise.
THE PIRATE OF TLAE EP.IE.
That there was a good foundation for
the various rumors, was subsequently
proven by the capture and execution of
John Beall, sometimes spelled Beale.
He was born in Virginia, being a native
of Jefferson county, which was inthe
famous Shenandoah Valley, Charles
town, where John Brown was executed.
is the county seat. He was a large land
owner, and possessed of a classical edu
cation obtained at the University of
Virgi.ia. At the breaking out of the war
he organized C Company, Second 0. V.
'., which later became a part of Stone-'
'wall Jackson's famous brigade.
During the latter part of 1864 all the
cities. on Lake Erie were greatly agi
tated. The streets were patrolled, and
every possible precaution taken against
an invasion from the North. The whole
border was convulsed. Ohio had sent
thousands of soldiers more than her.
quota to the front, and none were left to
guard her unprotected lake front. It
seemed a practicable scheme to send an
expedition from Canada to 'uatter down
the lake ports, and sp'read destruceion
throughout north Michigan, Ohio,
Pennsylvania and New York. Jacob
Thompson was in Canada, and to his
fertile brain all sorts of plots wr
charged. The only ezr vessel on the!
lakes was the Miehigani, carrying~
eighteen guns. Her regular station and
winter quarters have always ban' at the
port of Erie. It was ag'reed that if she
were captured a very sma~'lilubdy of mpen
could with but little dhiculty~ r-avage
the frontier. In the early part of Sepo
tember, 18M4, she was iyiug bet..ee
Johnso's Island and Sandrey.~ Thet
air was usually full of rumors at tuhi
time. The Knights of the Gioldeni Cir
,cle, in Indiana, were reported. to be. in
the plot to seize the island. Man citi
zens of Sandusky were suclpected.LLaur-I
:ally the prison islana wias thle ce.nter of
all thought.
A steamer could cross fronm Canada mn
.o fGw aours Tr. winter the ie formed l
sufficiently strong to allow an army to
Iareh from Sanduskv to the island.
The Carly September days dragged slow
y along, full of fear and trembling. The
!Zh ;oroved tp be the day of fate. The
il Parons, a passenger steamer ply
w anduskv and Detroit,
1g t ut-in-Bay, left Detroit ear
: The first stop on
1: rt river was at Sandwick, a
s'a!! Canadian town. Here a quartet,
a men came on. At Malden, a short
ist.::. fther down, a score more
Warded the steamer. Several of the
.n c.-arrie large valises, but the most
een-sp icuous piece of baggage was a great
-fshEned trunk, secured with ropes
d seemingly very heavy. Still there
was uting? at all suspicious about cith
7r tie Men or their traps. At other
oints dowin the river passengers were
kn un 1uil w fhen the Parsons came
toth (hoek :i elv'. Island. some four
t i m Sandusky and ten miles
rom the islaind, she had an unusually
Large passenger list. The clerk happen
-d to be in charge of the boat, the cap
tain being off: for the day. When the I
boat had got clear of the island, and was
Eully on her way to Sandusky, four men <
tcpped up to the clerk, and at the point <
>f revolvers compelled his surrender. i
[he trunk was burst open and relieved 1
)f its load of revolvers and bowie knives. I
[he boat carried no armament, and had
Jut a few hands to work her, and the (
ask of securing possession was trifling. t
L-nder the direction of the leader of the
!oiospirators. they cruised about idly for
--ne time, then put into Middle Bass
Esland. As she lay here the Island t
Queen, passenger packet, plying betweeni
he islands and Sandusky, ran alongside,
aid threw out a plank to discharge her i
>assengers. Instantly she was seized by 7
he plotters. who fired volley after vol- i
ey, but did no damage. Captain Orr, N
>f the Queen, attempted to cast off the i
-ope, but was prevented. The engineer <
efused to obey the orders of the cap- I
ors, and received a severe wound in the i
heek, from a revolver fired by some un- c
nown party. The passengers, includ- i
ng fifty one hundred day men, on their e
var to Toledo to be mustered out, were
>ut in the hold. Captain Orr was close
y questioned as to the situation in San
lusky, the numbers of strangers in the
itv, and the excitement existing, but he
.islutelv refused to talk. The number
>f people on board was too great, and
t was decided to put the women and
hildren ashore, together with the one s
nuldrea day men, who were paroled. t
:he Queen was then taken several t
ailes out to sea and sunk. From the ]
wsettled conduct of the raiders it was
vident to Captain Orr that some part of f
he plan had miscarried. The man in s
ommnand was Beall. His appearance i
vas such as to excite remark, .more espe- t
i tdl as his followers were a particularly f
acan looking set. This was strikingly t
he case in the person of John Burley, y
who was second in command. The fol- 1
,wing programme is outlined from a
ocuient in the Confederate archives. a
)repared by Jacob Thompson.
3eall was to lead the water part of the f
cheme while a man named Cole had
harge of the land end. Cole was to ;
ither overpower the officers of the
iichigan, or to throw th-em off their i
nard. At a given signal Beall was to y
team rapidly in and capture the ship. (
A cannon ball sent screaming across
he island was to be the signal for the v
,000 prisoners to rise and overpower r
heir guards. Sandusky was to be sacked -
nd Toledo, Cleveland and Buffalo were 1
o suffer a like fate. The prisoners were r
o go to Cleveland and from that point, t
tealing horses wherever they could, ,
ash across the State to Wheeling, W. I
Ja. But Cole failed, and so did the plot t
o capture Johnson's Island. Beall at .
ast saw the game was up and started for a
he islands. The boat was urged for- f
rard at a terrific rate. She stopped long s
nough to land her captain and crew t
.nd then proceeded to the Canadian t
hiore where she was sent to the bottom.
Iany of the islanders, fearful that the 'j
>lot would succeed, had, during the day, a
testroyed much of their property. The e
xcitement which next day followed the t
s:. sure of the plot was wonderful, and s
oi :he time overtopped the Presidential I
ampaign which was then at white heat. r
['hree months later Beall wa captured f
tear the Suspension Bridge., at Niagara e
'alls, and locked up. It was discovered t
hat an attempt was being made to bribe 1
he turnkey, ii3,000 having been offered f
iim to re:ease Beall. The prisoner was a
hen placed in confinement at Fort la
.afavette. One J. S. Brady appeared I
or Seall at his trial. The defendant r
vas charged with being a spy; with at- r
empting to wreck a Lake Shore train, c
or the purpose of robbery, and with the r
elonious seizure of vessels. Beall's de- f
ense was weak, he admitting very much ,
hat was charged against him. One of c
he features of the case was a manifesto e
rom Jefferson Davis, declaring that the i:
ets on the border were committed by r
~is orders, and should be recognized as t
awful acts of war. Beall was declared s
ruihyv. and General D)ix approving the i
entence, the prisoner was ordered to bei
:xecuted on Governor's Island, the resi- a
lence of the late General Hancock, a
Eebruary 1$. 18(05. The night before r
lie day set for his death, Beall wrote a ,
:ouching letter to his brother, in which
10 claimed that he was unaware of hay
aig committed any crime against society. 2
P'resident Lincoln at the last moment!a
~ranted a respite until February 24,
vihen the prisoner was executed, without a
~howing the slightest sign of fear.
'The plot pertaining to the shore was
mirusted to Major C. H. Cole, who, the
>ctter to conceal his p~urpose, was figur
ng as a Titusville, Pa., oil merchant.
His tirst step) was to obtain an introduc
ion to the oileers of the Michigan.
This done, the rest was an easy mat -
er~. as he was furnished with plenty ofr
noney by Thomnpson, and the officers t
vere always w illing to spend a pleasattc
venin ftrer tedious dily life on the
rme. iht after night they gather
ni " tihe pallors of the. West House,
ere th1ey enjloyed, at Cole's expense,
c ot lganit suppers, the choicest
sie ad eigers. and no guests were ever
1orecioyally enteraLined.1
For a. time eve ry thing' went smoothlyt
atil (ole. thinkiug his plans w':re so<
aerfetly made and so near success,
~rcw careless and in a short time thec(
,uspicion of Sandusky people wasif
rused and his movements wereclsy
vtetcd.clsy
When the 19th of September arrived,
the olicers were once more invited to <
mmi~annd everything was prepared for Ii
them. The wine had been drugged and
when by this means they had becn ren
dered helpless, a signal had been arrang
ed to notify Beal that the time for thE
attack had come and evervthing wai
ready.
But in the meantime Cole's actions
Ind movements had been so closely
watched that suspicion had grown into a
!ertaintv. and in the very moment of
mccess he was arrested by order of the
zommander of the tlichigan. Captain
Carter.
Among Cole's accomplices in Sandus
y was a woman named "Annie Davis,"
vho was a "most captivating creature."
[n order that he might make good his
scape at his examin.tion. Cole impli
ated some of the most prominent citi
,ens of Sanduskv.
For some time Cole was held as a
risoner on board the Michigan. He
vas then removed to the island, where
ifter petitioning a number of times for
>ardon, lie was transferred to Fort
afayette. In September, 1865, he was
,ranted a release, and is now supposed
o be resident in Texas.
Onto the island there came during its
>ccupancy about 15,000 prisoners, most
>f whom were exchanged, while others
ook the oath of allegiance. Two, Car
>in and McGraw, were shot in retalia
ion for executions in the South. Nich
os was hung as a desperado and a spy.
)ne was shot in an attempt with others
o scale the stockade, with ladders made
>f boards taken irom their quarters.
)nc, by one of the guards, for getting
ver the "dead line." Two hundred and
wenty died of disease. One, a Union
leserter, was shot, and six, including
lajor Styles and Captain Gusman, for
efusing to take the oath. Lieutenants
IcBride, Robins and Cole, together
ith H. B. Esteps, a Union deserter,
rere also shot. The prisoners remain
ug September 7, 1865, were sent by
rder of the war department to Fort
4afayette, and the island was directly
bandoned as a military post, the dis
harge of both prisoners and troops hav
ag been constantly going on from the
arrender at Appomattox.
THE CONFEDERATE TREASURE.
,n Interesting Event That Foilowed the Fall
of Richmond.
rom an .\rcle by Gtn. DI'ke in Aui:tu Bivouac
on the F.41 of itichrond.)
It was determined that we should re
ume our march that night for Washing
an, Ga., one or two days' march dis
int, and orders were issued by General
reckinridge that we move at midnight.
Lbout 10 o'clock I received a message
rom General Breckinridge that he de
ired to see me immediately. I went to
is quarters, and he informed me that
Lie treasure which had been brought
iom Richmond was at the railroad sta
ion, and that it was necessary to pro
ide for its removal and transportation.
Ie instructed me to procure a suilicient
umilber of wagons to remove it, and to
etail a guard of fifty men under a field
flicer for its protection. He further in
>rmed me that there was between $500,
00 and $000,000 in specie-he did not
now the exact amount-the greaterpart
old. I must, he said, personally super
itend its transfer from the cars to the
-agons. This was not a very agreeable
uty. I represented that if no one knew
ist what sum of money was there, it
ould be rather an unpleasant
2sponsibility to impose on the party
ho was to take charge of it. I woull
ave no opportunity to count it, nor
ossible means of ascertaining whether
ac entire amount was turned over to
ie. He responded that all that had
een considered, and bade me proceed
>obey the order. I detailed fifty picked
ien as guard, and put them under com
iand of Colonel Theophilus Steele and
>ur of my best subalterns. I obtained
Lx wagons, and, proceeding to the sta
on, began at once the task of removing
ae treasure.
It was in charge of some of the former
reasury clerks, and was packed in
loney belts, shot bags, a few small iron
bests, and all sorts of boxes, sonme of
aem of the frailest description. In this
bape I found it loaded in open box cars.
stationed sentries at the doors, and,
ammaging through the cars by the
int light of a few tallow candles, gath
red up all that was shown me, or all
at I could find. Bather more than an
our was consumed in making the trans
er from the cars to the wagons, and
fter the latter had been started off anrd
ad gotten half a mile away, Lieut. John
s. Cole, one of the officers of the guard,
ode up to me with a pine box, which
1ay have held $2,000 or $3,000 in gold,
n the pommel of his saddle. He had
emained after the others had left, and,
arreting about in a car which we thought
re had thoroughly searched, had dis
overed this box stuck in a corner andi
losely covered up with a piece of sack
2g. On the next day, General Ereckin
idge directed me to increase the guard
o 200 men and take charge of it in per
on. I suggested that instead of compos
ag it entirely of men from my brigade,
should be constituted of details from
ll five. I thought this the best p~lan to
llay any little feeling of jealousy that
aight arise, and insure a more perfect
igilance, as I felt persuaded that these
etails would all carefully watech each
ther. My suggestion was adopted.
>eary the en tire guard was kept con
tantly on duty, day and night, and a
aajority of the whole escort was gener
lly about the wagons at every halt,
losely inspecting the guard.
At the Savannah River, MIr. Davis or
ered that the silver coin, amounting to
ne htuidred and eight or ten thousand
ollars, Ue paid to the troop~s in partial
ischarge of the arrears of pay due them.
hie Quartermasters of the several brig.
des were engaged during the entire
ight in counting out the money, and a
brong of soldiers surrounded the little
abini where they were dividing "the
'ile" into their respective quotas until
arly dawn. The sight of so much money
cened to banish sleep. My brigade re
eived $32 p~er cap~ita, oflicers and men
haring alike. General Breckinride was
aid that sum, and, for the purpiose, was
e~rne on the roll of the brigade. On
hie next day, at Washington, I turned
ven the residue of the treasure to Mr.'
1. H. Clarke, acting Treasurer of the
onfederate States, and experienced a
celing of great relief.
SR. .XidwlAe tells of a dog that can (cunt.
uit it can't equal a cat in running uip a
:olumn.-Teura linf/a. And many p~eo
)lC have senen asnake that is an adler.
ALL .ABOUT THE CROPS.
The Cropm in the State. the Cotton Crop, at
the Crop4 in the United Statem.
The State Department of Agricultu
has received 257 special reports, covei
ing every county in the State, on ti
conditioi of the crops, and furmish
the following summary of these report,
COTTON.
The unfavorable seasons in June an
July retarded the growth of cotton. Th
excessive rains caused vigorous growt
of grass, and the crop was greatly ir
jured in removing it. The reports c
August 1st show that the plant is sma
and poorly fruited. A slight improve
ment is noticed on some of the red cla;
lands over condition on July 1st, but o:
light, gray sandy soils the condition i
reported lower than for the previou
month. In some localities the crop ha
sulfered for rain. The reports, with fei
exceptions, are unfavorable.
The correspondents generally concu
in the opinion that a larger yield than i
now anlticipateI will be realized if th
fall is late.
The condition on the 1st of August is
In upper Carolina, 62; middle Carolina
66; lo wver Carolina, 73. Average for th
State, #7.
CORN.
Upland corn, where it has been we]
worked and fertilized, is reported in fin,
condition, but in some sections the cro]
on sandy lands has been injured by ex
cessivo rains.
In many places the crop on bottom
was totally destroyed by the sprin,
floods, and only a part of these land
was replanted.
The condition is reported in uppe:
Carolina at 65; middle Carolina, 74
lower Carolina, 83. Average for th<
State, 74.
RICE.
The reports on the condition of ric<
are generally favorable, except wher
it has been injured by the freshets. Ii
Georgetown county, one of the corre
spondents estimates that one-half of th<
crop has been destroyed. The conditioi
is reported at 84.
OTHER CROPS.
The condition of the other crops i
reported as follows: Sorghum, 85; su
gar cane, 89; peas, 80; Irish potatoes
91, and sweet potatoes, 91.
( otton in the South.
The following is the New Orleans Na.
tional Cotton Exch.inge crop report fo
the month of July:
Returns have bceen complete from al
parts in the belt and our revision of th<
acreage, based on county reports, is com
plete. Much fiect worl has been accom
plished during the month of July, re
sulting, however, in the abandonment oJ
some lands, which were beyond re
demption, and the thinning out in vari
ous localities of stands from cleaning up,
but from present indications this aban.
donment is not calculated to alter om
acreage basis. Berhaps no season ha
shown to a greater extent than thi
the advantages of thorough cultivation,
for where this has been the case the
difference in the outlook of the crop iE
very marked.
Glancing over the belt, we find that
the two Carolinas have continued on the
downward scale. Alabama has madE
considerable improvement. Georgia,
MIississippi, Louisiana and Tennessee
show some advance, while Arkansas has
added greatly to her former good condi
tion. Texas, however, has just about
held her own and fears are expressed in
this latter State of a threatened drought.
In some localities worms are mentioned.
The bulk of the crop east of the 31is
sissippi is, however, backward, and
therefore dependent upon favorable con
ditions from now on for the maintenance
of present prospects.
The condition of the crop by States is
as follows: Virginia, 80 per cent.; North
Carolina, 76; South Carolina, 71; Geor
gia, 80;' .Eorida, 84; Alabama, 82; Ten.
nessee, 91; Arkansas, 97; Mississippi,
84; Louisiana, S2; Texas, 98. The aver
age for the belt is 85.4, agis 83.5 last
month and 97 last year.
Crop HReports fromt Washino.~ton.
Spring wheat returns at the Depart
ment of Agriculture for August 1 show
an improvement in the condition in
Iowa. A small decline ini Wisconsin and
Nebraska, and a heavy reduction in
Dakota. The causes of deterioration are
drought and chinch bugs. Heat has been
excessive in many districts that have
produced a fair yield notwithstanding.
T'he harvest is two weeks earlier than
usual, and the quality usually good ex
cept in sections where a heavy loss from
blight has occurred.
The general average of condition is
reduced from 83.2 to 80.1. At the time
of harvest last year the average was 86.
Pat-+ of the ioss last season occurred after
August 1. As the present harvest is al
ready nearly over, with improving
meteorological conditions the final esti
mate cannot be much further reduced.
The present average is ninety-seven for
Iowa, instead of ninety last month. No
less than twenty-five counties, each pro
ducing from two hundred thousand to
one million bushels, report the condi
tion at one hundred or over. In MIin
nesota there is an increase from seventy
eight to eighty. The reduction in Wis
consin is from seventy-five to seventy
two; in Nebraska from eighty-three to
eighty-two, and in Dakota from eighty
five to sixty-two. Winter wheat previ
ously harvested not reported this month.
COTTON.
The cotton crop has suffered from wet
weather in all the States east of the 3Iis
sissippi and in Louisiana. The average
condition has been reduced from eighty
six to eighty-one.
The avei-age for Virginia is seventy
five, North Carolina seventy-four, South
Carolina sixty-seven, Georgia eighty,
Florida eighty-six, Alabama sev-enty
seven, 3Iississippi seventy-nine, Louisi
anasevnt-fieTexas eighty-eight, Ar
There has been slight adv-ance in Arkan
sas. The decline is heavy in the Caro
linas.
COIN.
There has bjeen a heavy decrease in
the condition of corn since July 1. The
aver-age, which was then ninety-five, is
reduced to eighty-one. The heaviest
decline is in Illinois, Wisconsin and
States west of the 31ississippi. In the
Eastern and Mliddle States the condition
is well maintained. 1t indicates a crop)
not much exceeding tweenty-two bushels
per ncre, thongh future conditions may
increase or decrease on the ultimate
yield.
mNOr. enors.
The average of spring rye is eighty
eight.
. There has been no material decline in
oats, theaverage being eighty-seven.
Barlev has maintained its condition,
and nearly an average crop is assured.
The condition of buckwheat averages
1 ninety-four; tobacco eighty-two; pota
e toes eighty-eight.
THE FAMOUS "BLXE LAWS.
f
Something About SomeAincient Eiine:tments of
Old Con.ecticutt.
Y (Frim the Bo-Con Poc:d)
These laws were enacted by the peo
s plc of the "Dominion of New Haven,"
s and became known as the Blue Laws be
cause they were prir.ted on blue paper.
They were as follows:
The Governor and Magistrates con
r vened in General Assembly are the su
preme power under God of this inde
O pendent dominion. From the determi
nation of the Assembly no appeal shall
be taken.
No one shall be a freeman or have a
a vote unless he is converted and member
of one of the churches allowed in the
dominion.
I Each freeman shall swear by the
a blessed God to bear true allegiance to
this dominion, and that Jesus is the only
- king.
No dissenter from the essential wor
3 ship of this dominion shall be allowed
to give a vote for electing of magistrates
5 or any other oflicer.
No food or lodging shall be ollered to
e a heretic.
No one shall cross a river on the Sab
bath but authorized clergymen.
No one shall travel, cook victuals,
make beds, sweep houses, cut hair or
shave ol the Sabbath day.
No one shall kiss his or her children
on the Sabbath or fasting days.
The Sabbath day shall begin at sunset
Saturday.
Whoever wears clothes trimmed with
gold, silver or bone lace above 1 shilling
per yard shall be presented by the
Grand Jurors, and the Selectmen shall
tax the estate X300.
Whoever brings cards or dice into the
dominion shall pay a fine of ?5.
No one shall eat mince pies, dance,
play cards, or play any instrument of
music except the drum, trumpet or jews
.harp.
No gospel minister shall join people
in marriage. The magistrate may join
them in marriage, as he may do it with
less scandal to Christ's Church.
When people refuse their children
convenient marriages, the magistrate
shall determine the point.
A man who strikes his wife shall be
fined ?10.
A woman who strikes her husband
shall be punished as the law directs.
No man shall court a maid in person
or by letter without obtaining the con
sent of her parents; ?5 penalty for the
first offense; ?10 for the second, and for
the third, imprisonment during the
pleasure of the Court.
Gotham's Roofs.
The roofs of New York are very inter
esting. Much that would never have
been suspected by a stranger in the
streets goes on upon the aerial platforns
above the heads of the masses. From
the Brooklyn bridge I have seen that
topmost stratum of the city fairly alive
with people on a fine autumn evenig.
On one roof were to be seen some shop
girls waltzing to the music of a concer
tina in the hands of a young man seated
on the raised wall top between that
house and the next. On another was a
merry party of children filling the upper
air with the melody of their singing.
Over yonder were two lovers, hand in
hand, talking earnestly, and so in one
place after another were to be seen per
sons wiser than their fellows, seeking
the quiet and comparatively pure air
.above the uproar and stagnant asmos
phere of the lower stories and the streets.
A year or two ago being invited to dine
with some Cubans I had met in their
own land, I went to their address in the
neighborhood of the Central Park, and
was shown up by the servant-where do
you suppose? Tfo the roof.
The Cubans understand the science of
taking every advantage of the open air.
If they do not do so on their native isle
they would all cook, like so many loaves
in a baker's oven. I found the roof
where this family had gathered a place
uniqune among the housetops of New
York. An iron frame work enciosed the
great sheet of tin, and from its posts
was hung a pretty awning of blue and
white striped canvas. In hanging bas
kets and in great pots were broad-ieaved
tropic plants, and two or three birds ini
pretty cages swung among the 1lower.
A complete set of furnitm-e all of can
or wicker work, excep~t the table, com
pleted the appointments. There wer
rockers and easy chairs and settees of
split cane in which to loll and lounge~
and read and sewv. There, in a deligh t
ful breeze that kept the ribbons of the
ladies all a fluttering, was eaten a dinner
that I would not have exchanged for any
that was served in any hot and stifly
dinning room in the city on that night.
\vhat WVas Hlanging on Hi.' Le.
"Say, mister!" exclaimed a newsb1oy,
as he stood on the shady side of Third
street and addressed a wecll-dressed
oung man who passed along the street;
"dere's something hanging to yure lL
The young man stopped. Wit. hais cane
he brushed down his trouser-. No(t nu
ing the expected artice, ai thread, or
something of a similar charater,? hoe
nervously drew his hand ov er tegar
ment and eyed the trousers' heg very
suspiciously. "Is it still ther', my
boy?" asked the young man. "Btnr
life it is, don't you see it hanging to
yure leg?" "No," replied the youn
man; "what is it?" "Whyli it's yure
foot; ain' that hanging to yure leg"
St. Paul (.obe.
I't is unlaw'ful for any persoo in i
State between the tirst dayx of A p~ril an' I
irst day of November to catch,. kill ori
jure or pursue with such intent, or to i
or1 exp)ose for sale any wild tuirkey, par
ridg-, dlove, woodeoek or heasa. ~im:
o* imaprisonmenlt for vio lation.
The deer seasoni opens on the first of
Sentember.
RECoLLECTlONR OF MR. TILDEN.
I' hy lie a Not Popular in South Carolina
.,ome Facts About the Campaign of 'Seventy
(F. W. D. in The Sunday News.)
The "Sage of Grammerev Park" was
not a favorite in South Carolina. In
dc.d, so far as there was any feeling on
the subject, it was one of distrust and
averion. This was due to the manner
in which South Carolina was treated by
"ir. Tilden in the campaign of 1876.
3Ir. Tilden had no expectation whatever
that this State could be carried by
the Democrats, and was averse to the
strai litout movement. There were
(1ectoral votes enough in sight, he
thought, to make him President, with
out any help from South Carolina, and
there is good authority for saying that
Mr. Tilden had no doubt of the result,
"if South Carolina would only keep
quiet." But South Carolina determined
to make an heroic effort to throw off the
political yoke, and what in the begin
ning seemed impossible was, in a short
time, well within the bounds of proba
bilitv. It should have been evident to
cvery dispassionate observer that noth
ing was beyond the reach of the white
people of South Carolina, united as they
were, and ininated with one purpose
and one hope. Nevertheless, Mr. Til
den gave the South Carolina Democracy
the cold shoulder. This caused consid
erable irritation in the State, and engen
dered the idea of voting for Hayes and
Hampton. By this plan a considerable
number of colored votes was obtained
for General Hampton, the Democratic
candidate for Governor, in exchange for
white vo+_s for the Republican candi
date for President. The Democracy of
the State felt that they were deserted by
the leaders of the National Democracy,
and made the best bargain they could on
their own aa.ount.
Towards the end of the canvass Mr.
Tilden seemed to realize that he had
made a mistake, and promised to con
tribute the enormous sum of $5,000 to
the Democratic campaign fund. A draft
for this amount was accordingly made,
and was discounted by one of the
Charleston banks. Mr. Tilden, how
ever, failed to provide for the draft, and
it was ultimately paid out of money
raised in South Carolina. This story
concerning the draft and its fate comes
to ine from an unimpeachable source.
It will be remembered that General
Hampton was elected by a majority of
1,1:34, while Colonel Simpson, the can
didate for Lieutenant-Governor, had a
majority of only 139. The majority for
the Republican electors in this State was
964. It is very evident from these fig
ures that the electoral vote of South
Carolina could have been secured by
Mr. Tilden, if he had sustained the
Democracy of the State in their efforts,
and had given them, in the canvass, the
assistance they desired, and to which
thev were entitled. But he did not
realizc this fact until too late.
After the election it was proposed to
buy one of the Republican electors.
The whole history of the negotiations
will probably never be known, but it
seems to be reasonably certain that one
of the lot offered to cast his vote for Til
den and Hendricks for the sum of $50,
00). One of Mr. Tilden's agents came
to South Carolina to look over the field
and ascertained that this could be ac
complished, but the money was not
forthcoming. 'Mr. Tilden relied upon
Oregon, and let South Carolina go. The
Repulicans heard, in some way, of the
negotiations which were in progress and
were considerably alarmed. It is said
that, when the Electoral College met,
one of the Republican electors took a
pstol from his pocket and announced,
with an oath, that he would blow out
the brains of any elector who ventured
to vote for any other persons than Hayes
and Wheeler. C. C. Bowen was credited
with this exploit. At all events, the
electoral votes of South Carolina were
given to the Republican candidates.
MIr. Tilaen, as I have shown, literally
threw away the election. South Caroli
na's electoral votes would have given
him a majority, without the vote of
Louisiana and Florida of which he was
robbed by the Returning Boards. Be
sides this, he earned the ill-will and dis
like of the people of South Carolina by
his attitude towards them at the time of
their successful struggle for deliverance
troma Radical misrule. The feeling of
the peole was well expressed, four
yars later, by Gen. James Connor, who
was in the thick of the political battle of
18763. When the effort was made to
foist Tilden upon the Democracy in
1~88, General Connor said openly that
it was better to be beaten wit Bayard
than to win with Tilden.
There was never any doubt of 3Mr. Til
ien's ability, especially in money-mak
ing, but in South Carolina he had but
iewv enthusiastic admirers, for the rea
sous I have given. There was always an
dlea that Tilden lacked nerve in a politi
?al crisis. Is it to be supposed for a
unment that Hancock would have al
towed himself to be defrauded of the
Ures idenev as Mr. Tilden was? Not a
uit of it.' General Hancock would have
p) posed any comp~romiise of any sort,
mnd would have appealed, if necessary,
:o the people of the country to place
aim in the ollice to which he had been
lected. It was the conviction that Mr
ilden lacked courage that made South
~rn members of Congress willing to
~eqiisce in the Eight-to-Seven Electoral
~ommission Bill.
There was hope for South Carolina
ma Louisiana umon the installation of
Nlr. iiayes, and the two States made the
neust of the situation. MIuch, too, as
M~r. Haves has been abused, it should be
e:aemmbered that it was during his term
>A oilice that the Southern States began
.n earniest their recovery from the ills
mad losses of the civil war. There was
ittle room for improvement during the
9rant era. When King Stork gave
>dace to King Log there was assurance
p ace an order, and the Southern
stater moved forward with a rapidity
*vhichP was surp)rising to even their own
. 1 ' months all the D emiocratic
Sfrihe Presi~dency since the war,
he .x:pt tin of Clevelanid, have died.
en. t M leln d!ied Ocit. 29, ISS3.
n. Ilancok died Feb). 10, 1886.
1nTir Neymur iedn Feb. 12, 1880.
au .oe Tide died Aug. 4, 1880.
A. T. A. Henidricks died Nov. 25, 1885.
There are two D~emocrats living who
myve been candidatcs for the Vice-Presi
.--IkPeto11and EuFnlish
WHAT CHEWING GUM DOES.
Doctors Declare that It Causes Serious Bron
chial and Other Troubles.
(From the New York Star.)
In the thousand and one shops sprinkled
through the narrow streets of this city,
where youngsters buy lollipops, where
boys invest their savings in base balls
and cigarettes at a penny apiece, and
where the young ladies of the tenements
purchase the latest yellow-bound litera
ture, there is always for sale a substance
known as black chewing gum. Whether
it is done up in spangled tinfoil, or re
splendent in gaudy tissue paper, or
decorated with parti-colored ribbon, it is
still black chewing gum. It is made
generally out of refuse gum arabic-stuff
that cannot be used in the apothecary
shops, and is flavored variously with the
cheapest of cheap extracts, licorice, win
tergreen, peppermint, or, more usually,
one of those poisonous flavorings that,
are compounded from acids. The manu
facturers cut a huge slab of the gum into
quadrangular pieces about the size of a
domino. In cool weather the bits are
friable and break easily; when it is.
warm, they have the consistence of a
piece of idea rubber.
It is surprising how much of this
black chewing gum is used. A little
girl gets hold of a penny somehow, and
she cannot get to a shop quick enough
to buy some of it. She chews and chews
and chews on it, her jaws working as
regularly and vigorously as those of a
Fourth of July orator. If she has a
wish to show particular favor to her
five-year-old sweetheart, she gives him a
morsel. The young ladies who devour
the yellow bound novels devour gum,
too. They place a fragment of it be
tween the hindermost of their pearly
teeth, and while their souls go out to
Elvira in her prison, or their hearts flut
ter in sympathy with Edgar de Mont
morenci in his attempt to carry off the
heiress, they don't forget to chew that
gum. Young beaus, the leaders in tene
ment house society, chew it, too; for the
men who make it advertise that it per
fumes the breath and lends the mouth
the odor of a new-mown field, also that
it aids digestion and clears the voice and
isa harmless and beautiful substitute for
tobacco; that it is, in fact, a penny bit
of ambrosial food for the gods.
It isn't. The physicians of Amster
dam, N. Y., have just declared in solemn
conclave that the practice of chewing
this black gum is most harmful and
pernicious. They have traced directly
to it innumerable cases of sore mouth
and sore throat that they have treated of
late. Their brethren of the medical pro
fession in New York agree with them,
and not only condemn black chewing
gum, but all chewing gum of whatever
color.
The physician who has charge of the
throat dispensary in one of the largest
hospitals in New York said a few days
ago: "Day after day patients, nearly all
girls between 8 and 18 years of age,
come in here and complain that it hurts
them when they swallow, or else that
their mouths sting when they drink any
thing warm. On examining their throats
I find the delicate mucous membrane
marked here and there with little in
flamed patches. In nine cases out of ten
it is caused by chewing gum."
-'Why is the gum hurtful?"
"The flavoring is usually poisonous,"
replied the doctor, "and by its constant
presence, in however small a quantity,
it sets up an inflammation. But the
habit is otherwise pernicious. The un
tiring motion of a gum chewer's jaws
provokes a superfluous flow of saliva
just as if there was alwayE a pinch of salt
on the tongue-and wears out the saliva
lands. Gum chewing retards digestion.
fa woman fills her stomach with water
or saliva she drowns the gastric juices;
also the interminable attrition wears out
the teeth, and foreign flavor by degrees
renders the breath more and more dis
agreeable. The practice is bad in every
way." _________
In a Chewing-Gum Factoryi.
A day or two ago my wayward feet
carried my body into the suburbs and to
a chewing-gum factory. There I got
some idea of an industry that thrives on
penny sales and the remorseless energy
of American jaws. In the place I saw
half a dozen huge blocks of marbly gum,
or petroleum wax. Each weighed about
one hundred pounds, and was almost
like pure pentelican stone, dear to the
old sculptor's eye and hand. And it was
absolutely clean and odorless. A few
weks ago the stuff lay in one of the
huge tnks near the oil wells of Penn
sylvania, a dirty, greenish brown fluid
with the consistency of bad mud and the
smell of a glue-factory. Then it was
rude oil, but since that it had been in a
turmoil and through "stirring times"
and chemical processes. From it had
been extracted a lot of kerosene, almost
as much naphtha, not a little benzine,
plenty of tar and a lot of valuable, but
technically named, afairs that are out of
reach. Anyway, the gum wax was left,
d it was it thatlIsaw, clean as anideal
armer's bed-chamber, and as ordorless
s a civil service reformer's record. Be
ore it became the chewing-gum of our
[riends it had to be melted, flavored,
sweetened and "put up" in fanciful
ara. Then the one hundred pound
block would appear in five thousand
penny cakes, and I am told that five
bandred of these one hundred pound
blocks are used in each week of the his
ory of Columbia, "the gem of the
>ean," etc. It's tough-the fact, not
he gum.-Cleveland Plaindealer.
No "Clas~seN" in Cremations.
Another thing they manage better in
Erance. Any one so fortunate, or un
fortunate-as the case may be-to die
t the end of August, can direct his
~ast-off coil to be disposed of by the
inple and natural method in one of
our cremnatoriums costing 350,000f.
Price, 12s., with absolute equality, as is
nost fitting in the accompaniments of
leath. There are to be no "classes" in
:remation, at any rate. Already artists
tnd goldsmiths and bronze casters are
areparing to surround the new method
vith the old picturesque and beautiful
tssociatons, and the Parisians are thank
ul, as they well may be, for the boon
hat is offered them.-Pall Mall Gazette.
The most serious drawback we know of
s a fly blister between the shoulders.
Never spread an ill report about your
iighbor until you know positively it is
rue; and don't do it then if he is a great,
l:n1 bier than yu are.