' J? vm tvs' HSHf
VOLUME VIII. CIII5IIAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, TUESDAY, JANUARY 5:4, 1843. NUMBER 11.
ISy M. MACLEAN.
T?rm?:?Published weekly at three dollnra;
year; with an addition, when not [i ml witliii
three mouths, of twenty per cent per annum.
Two new subscribers iiiny t.iko the paper m
five dollar* in advinco; ami ten ut twenty.
Four subscribers, not receiving tlieir paper:
in town. may pay a yo ir'a subscription Willi tut:
dollars, In advanco.
A year's .subscription always due in advance
Panars not discontinued to solvent subscriber!
in arrosrs.
~1iloi rtisements not oxcooding 1 Minna inserter
fir ona doll ir the first time, and fifty cents eacli
tbsequant time. For insertions at intorvuU ol
two w :rlta 75 cents al\or the first, and a dollar
if the intervals aro longer. Payment due in
a lvmco for a Iverlise.in -nis. Winn the nuinher
of insertions is not marked on the copy, the
a Irertise mint will bo inserted, and charged ti 1
ordered out.
O" The postage must he p.iid on letters to the
c?lit??r on the business of the nfliee.
y?am i ? tt?r. -. , ^jpw^aarvff.r rcwn'vxi*
KKC'KM AM) KXTK.V'IVU M VKLINO IX
SOUTH CAlloLiNA.
Communicated for the Farmers' Register.
Columbia, S. C., Nov. 30, lb 12.
Peak Jsut:?It a (fol ds me great plea,
sun; t?? comply with your request, to furnish
you with a statement of my mailing
operations during tin; lirst year, and the
result of liii'tu h%> far us it lots been ascertained.
I eoiniueneed in November lust to m irl
my plantation at Silver Itlulf, on Suvuii.
mih river. There is no mail on the place.
I procured it from S.iell III it) on the same
river, and had to tioat it I'd miles up the
stream. It requires eleven prime hund.s
to man the lioit I use, and when the river
is 11 t too high they make two trips a
week, loading ami unloading themselves.
They bring about I 1(H) husiieU at a loud.
Tun marl is landed ul u spot helovv high
water murk, and during to,-, vviio'e crop
season two other hands and two carts are
constantly engaged iti iiuuhng it ?> a place
of security on the top of the bind'. At
other times it is linuied directly from the
landing to tin' lieivis. Ttiere are however
Id hands and 2 mules lust to lite crop.
My boat, winch is a common pole hoist,
was txi.lt chiefly by my own people, and
cost Ilia about S'JOd, including their fiber.
There have been incidental expenses
to the amount <d about $2d'd this
year. During the year ending oti l!u>
ftlli id November, there were bo trips
made and about 93,Odd bushels brought
up. I tlm.k I can siii ly calculate on
bringing up bushels per annum
hereafter, wito lin: same force. I men.
tion these l ifts thai timi urn; m i\ form
Ins own est1111i te ol the cost of procuring
mail iirider similar circumstances. M.
C ilculat'on is (hut it costs tno about two
cents a bushel dehyercd on my blutl*.?
To one having in.irl on Ins own premises
nearly tin: whole o| tins expense would
In: saved. 1 am enabled, by omitting to
open new land, to haul nut and spread
tins marl, without interfering witli ullie.r
nl?.ntation work, or lessening tin: number
ot aercH planted per hand, in hauling
out I have noi been ahle to do as much
as they do in Virginia, Mr. [tiidin, the
a ii 11101 of the marling system, hauled "J 4
loads of hj htishels with each cait per
day a distance of b47 yards ; I have done
inn iiuiu over n.hi as wen. i usi; mules
however, ami In till being level curried 0|
bushels ul a load. I to.Hid tin: imi.c-s
could not stand trotting li.u k with the
einpt V Cilit. I lie ni.trl weigas about iO.j
11 el. per hushed. .My land whs hud oil' hi
squares, so til my to an acre, and u loud
dropped in each squire. It was spread
hy hand; each nc^'io lulling his srpiare,
and carrying Ins mail on a hoard or in a
small tray. A prime fcliow can spread
mi acre m a day. Ilui it is a hard task,
and counting the gang round I have not
averaged over hull si it tier for each workcr.
The marl sprtuds hot when damp.
It will then yield to the hand, and lumps
are in general easily erushed.
Shell libit!" is it hold elitfon Sivnnnah
river, over 200 feet high and in some
pliees nioro lliiiil 101) feel perpend.Clllar.
P. ofessor Vanuxem, who examined it
some years ;ig >, 's -e Fanners' |{ -gister,
vol. ru. o. 70. and also vol. v > AttT \
' i ' ?;
discovered 14 varieties of marl, var\inv
in quality from 37.2 in 93.4 per cent. of
carbonate id" Iiiih*. {n iimi" ttm m arl I
have excluded tlio inferior as mucli a
possible, and have not found the vcrv
best in any ureal quantity. I tested the
quantity <d carbonate of lime in one spa.
einien taken at random frutn each boat
load brought up this summer, and tumid
the average <?l 3-1 luads to lie (12 8 per
cent. varying Iroin r?l to 77. In every
specimen tin re. was a small proportion of
of oxide n! iron, and rd.iv ami sand, us.
tial!y in a'.iout equal qnaatitn s. Torre
were, no doiiht, other component p:rts
which I did not ascritain ; hut 1 satisfied
myself that there was neither gypsum
nor iiiaoncsia^ 1 no marl |>rcHRntu various
ii^^naranci'K, being in color white, brown,
olivr, yellow, an<l violet, aii^jr^conaist,
mo ft
I hard limestone, and it is doubtful whoth- ! <
; er nnv of the marl here will make limn, J I
? though it is an excellent ciMiient. Much J I
' j of that which I have used has henn cut ; l
t from the face of the dill' with pick-axes, j ?
: It falls down sometimes in Hue grams, i i
' j sometimes in masses. At every handl- i
j ing it breaks up finer, and exposure to I
. the air assists disintegration. 1 do not i
I hum or pound it, or use any preparation |
I ' whatever, hut spread it as I get it.? I
i i Where it was spread last winter, an oh. i
. server would readily discover it,and lumps jj
I as large asan egg, and occasionally much i
! lari'cr are to lie seen. A nu?r.. im?fr l?>
r-. ~ I "} I "
however, would not notice th.it the I.m l v
hid lieen marled. At every working it n
is more and more mixed with the soil. p
But I imagine it will he several years i,
before it is completely combined with it, h
and until tUen the full efl'eet of this marl jy
j cannot he known. A dili'erenee was ap. 1
I parent in this crop between the effects of
I that spread earlv in February and that a
' spread in the latter part of April. 7
I l?y the 22d of April last, I li id marled t
175 acres at the rate of 21)0 bushels to i
j the ucro. Of these 1 planted 50 acres in v
| corn mi the 17th March, 50 acres in cot. s
i ton on the 10th April, and 75 aeres in I
: cotton on the 22d April. Titeso three I i
I cuts are in the same field, and adj uning, i|
he. tig sep irater! only hv (urn.rows, yet the | j,
soils vary considerably. I:i tlie earn, I | n
j laid oil' four sep irate acres along the turn- n
I row, as nearly equal in quality as possible, n
The one supposed to he the best was left
without in irI. The others wer ' marled it
I
1 with one, two, and three hundred bushels ,j
' respectively. It was all of trie same i 3
hunt load, and contained 51 pu cent, of I u
| carhor.ate of lime. Tins land has been | y
[ 111 cultivation more thin one hundred 1 i,
! years. I li ive pi anted it m\s?df 1 1 of the i ,.
j last 12 years, and sowed it in ?,ats the tl
other year, f have given it tlireo light |
: coats of manure, the last in 1 ;>. It i-? j,
ja light, gray, san.lv soil, of which the j
following was the analysis before mar- j |
j ling, v iz. |//(
Water lost at !1110 degrees 2 per cent, j e
j Yegeta'iic matter .3 p
' S.lici. G ?
Alumina -.11 11
Ovale of iron 2 a
Lou 3 ,,
10:>
This out was in cotton last year, and
! my expect ttion was that witli ?:<>:n:a>? i
i seasons it wo del produce 12 bushels of
: corn pi-r aero. Ami li id I not kept tinl
tininiirlcd acre as a test, [ slum! 1 have j
set down ail ovr that quantity to t!* * ! ,
credit oi tin; marl. The corn came up j j-(
badly, and Miiii red b\ the hints. The j
lour experi m?- itt a I acres wire cultivated
i <:(
! precisely as the rest ol the cut, and were j
, dotitieu.siied only hy the posts which i ,
marked I lie corners of each acre. Front
. n
| the liist luiweyer the marled corn exhi'ot. j (|
' ed a different anpra'ance. Ii was stouter
! !t
; and nt a nr.ich <l??o|>or ?*??|ur. As llir ? y
season advanced, ti.e ditleriMico became-..
i greater. The mailed corn was asdaik a i
' i ii
{ green as swamp cor t usually is. 1 tie ..
. lodder was palled on llie ;t I Angus', and t .
, after hanging two d i\s and a half on the .
( . I
j stalk in dry and rather windy Weather, i
weighed as follows : i
? I ii
Increase. Per ocnt. j p
Until nlod acre 230 lbs. j ..
i M.tried, at 1 tjJ bushels 233 *' 33 lbs. Id ! ?
t " " 2)1 " 31 I " 01 " 25 il '
! " 3) J ' 231 " 11 4.4 11
, it
I lie corn whs gathered on the 2-flh of (i
Odnhcr, hcin<r h timi^lily <li y ami li.ivinjr <
m.tr11ttU as much as it wo ild in tin: 111<I. j
i Turn! appeared to be little or no ?!11i* r- i .
I '1
*tien i:t |t<*iiif ol snun Iness. l! was shuclt. | .
ed clean ami mea-ured in a lt.it ml. 'i'nc j ^
iiiiiii irlcil corn slicllcil out 2 quarts l\ssj(|
to the bairel llinu the in tiled. Tile to!lowiri"
was ;!u; result :
I
Increase. Per ecnj
Unmarled aero 1? bush.
Marled, at 1 HO bushels 21 " -1 23 5 j
I " " 2 )J 21 " 1 23.) I
3jJ " lei" I i
From this it would iippcar that l(ld M
bushels ol mail was ;is eflicae.ous as 2 > ?, '
and perhaps hi such land as this .snc.li tnav "
lie the fact. It appears iilsn probable that ! "
! 1PM) hiisbels to tin: acre is too much. I i ,l
I oualit however to state that tins last acre I v>
i had a slight sink in the centre, and lit it '
j I ho slopes ai'ouud it are much tlunnei '
than the avurajji) Ian I. Tuese con-dilute '*
. - ' l'i
ahoiil one-tilth of the acre, ami were evi. j
lenity injured t?y Il?o marl, ii was :i I
li.nl selection lor (he hoavicst mailing;
; Unt at til*; 111ii<! it was mailt! I did not i
, :suppose, j'i?I ? ???? by tin! rati s at which!
they marled in Virginia, that JIUO hiialicU
would injure any land. Mv tear now i? I
lit it 2?K) Iniilsels may prove too mneli lm
soil like tins; ami I have; neeoiiliii^lv
ileierni'tieil to put only .oil hush?!s on
the aero herenltsr, ualil 1 see its furliiei
1 effect*. 'I' I is has linen a remark 11#! |
' /productive season for corn. I think tin
unmarlcd aero in this cut made at least j
[ft busdiol'imore thnn it would have doa.~ ;
ftf an Kufagc year. I presume the marl.
done ho likewise. But
fair to
:>l' the four bushels increased to lite pecumrity
of the season operating ??n ilie marl
1 am wholly unable to decide. Supposing
lie increase from the season to ho the same
m the marled and uninnrle l land, and deluding
5 bushels from the produce o!
:?ich acre there will lie 33} per cent, in
avor of tin; ten best m tried acres. T.iis
lowevur is a>l conjecture. Toy average
ier acre ot this wnole cut was Im bushels.
I lie measurement ol' all leil the expert,
ueutal acres was made however by wagpin
loads according to the usual plaiituout
estimate, in winch llieic is a liberal
llnwaiicc lor shrinking, tSitr. Had the
iiiole been measured in luu same man
n-1 ux IIIU i:.\|iUI lllicm.ll (ICMM Wl.T(J| lilt;
>ro.iuc<: would have appeared greater. 1
uve had tins cut planted m corn oiicc
eforo, hut having been absent tins whole
ear, no nccmiiu of it was preserved, and
do not know what it produced.
1 selected also ami laid oil'separately 4
i i os of cotton along the turn-row of lite
.') acre cut of cotton. At the tune 1
nought tlicin nearly eipinl in quality, and
he one supposed to he the beat of these
.us left tiuui tiled, and 1, 2, and tldU b11liels
of inn l spread upon llie oilier luree.
t turned out however that the acre with
(H) htislo ls was Ulterior to tin: average ol
lie cut, while the other two were far sner.or.
1 was deceived by liie stalks
rown the year befoie. l ite two lirsl j
ainetl acres lienig somewhat rolling, and
to year a wet one, they produced us
ood cotton as the other two which were !
at. The unio n led acre was not much
I any supeiiur to the one in.tried with {
J J it isaels, save Unit there Was a spot
ncre fodder stacks had stood in 1 *3*5 -i? I
, winch produced nearly doii.de the cot- '
.ii of any oilier spot of the same si/.j in ]
iluer iicir, and added probably dd I is. to |
lie auioiiht gathered lioui that acre.? j
"he in u l on tnoe acres co.ilaineu, like i
_ |
sal on the emu cut, an average oi i;l ;
er cent, ol carbonate of lime. Tins .
nid is of the kind commonly known ;.s !
wlu'li) so.I, ami was clearly at least as !
aily as the corn cut. Ii was certainly i
limed hy the lml ans in 1710. Tin. !
blowing vvast.be analysis of it before
ruling, for which, as well as for liie an. j
ivsis of tiie corn cut, 1 am indebted to j
in kindness of Prof. Fillet ;
W.ati r at 11.10 degrees 3
Veiretalilo matter - A f?I
Si'n: i ** 1 i
A! 1'iiifiii .... 14 o I
Ox.do ot iron ... 4
l ins cut was nut p'antcd until the 2'2J |
pid, because it could nut In.* marled in*- |
>re. A dry spell occtirri tj? nn Mediately j
ftur, at tin; end of two weeks \civ little |
atlon luid t onto up except in the in tried i
r;ri; in which there was about half a 1
and. .My overseer hoeotninjf alarmed 1
1 1 in absence replanted tin.' whole, and 1
irevv out the whole sued wi.erever it had !
ut emnu up. Tins was done 0:1 tin G?h J
I in, mj that the crop ot this eat dates!
om that period, winch is at least a {
ninth later than I should have preferred,
or my u.xperitMicw is tliat im 'iv c??tto:t9 t
Uu earlv corn, ss almost always the nest, i
eotisider the two weeks s art wiueii one j
.ill* the unniarled acre obtained in tins',
istance as of considerable enbsi quunee j
> it. These ear!) stalks couli lie dis- '
uguislied until the hulls login to open. j
'no d;(i' rent:e h/tween tire muled and ,
nnriried cotton vv as as obvious as it was!
1 too corn. The leaf too appeared !
roidcrand the stalk stouter from 111 |
rst. Toe following; was the production !
f 111 ei four acres. I st itu (lie pdodtic- 1
on of all, though that of the 1 ami VMM i
us'iels acres ought nut to he Compared j
illi Ili tt of tin* other two, on ae.*o int of
n: relative inferiority of the sod.
'lie 11 ri 111:11 led acre Till Ihs. in the seed,
lirluddoat lOdhu. H Hi ? ?
o at villi) o llll>3 41
' at 300 " 13 l*J o
The dillereiiee between tlm iinmaried
ere :nul lleit vvitli HIMI bushels ot marl.
Ms 17.7 percent. in favor of ibo filter,
i ivo i!<l hive been (jri'alcr perhaps any
liter year liian tlii?, whieh lias been alnist
as favorable I?>r cotton as corn. I in*
viT.ijn* product inn i?l the whole 7") acres
-as 000 lbs. per acre. I have bail tins
nl in ci I on 10 of (lie last 12 \ear? ; in
orn 1, ami in oils 1, and tne lollnwine
la statement nf lis prodncliun of cntlnn
r (> nf tiio 10 years; that of tin; otlici
ears lint having lieen preserved.
633 av'ijc p. acre in seed 731 l!>s. manured lightly.
*31 " " " 761 "
63> " " " 9 il " inanarcJ lightly. j
13 i I'll"
61) " " " |'J7 "
611 " " " .730 " manured.
51! " " " 96i> " hi irlvd.
Tne oilier Oil nere cul nf marled land
LT.1W >! .Ill? l III I*. ll tllll llll llll. tll-l. I,...I
' I M" "
v. iiiic u;? m uuod Ciiihs and was a line j
land. This is also a li^s! ??rav sod, Willi
ss clay thai; Clus mulatto laud, an I less
and lli.in this coin cut. It is prnlnihly a-.
hi as either, and has liccn cultivated in
nucli tim sumo way. Although planted
10 i|;i\ later than ? ?? *? of a t ft. II i, < nd
j :*flisr nil of them except the 7"> acre cut
i il so'm appeared to he the oldest cotton
j and ccrtninlv matured the earl est of any
Inrnodiawl v after the cold weather, nhutu
j the 1st August, tlm ri-t commenced in it
i ami by the2f)th of that month it had tin
j appearance of a field after frost. Form-,
: small bolls, and even the leaves dropped.
] Most persons who saw it thought it had
! been cut off one half. I think myself it
suffered to the extent of one-fourth at
i least. B it I have undo on this cat this
! year 8 i() l!>s. of seed cotton, which is
( nearly 53 percent, more thin I ever hid
made on it before. Tite following is the
average of its pro iucl ion (in 4 other years.
1933 av'gc p acre in seed 533 lbs. manured,
j 1831 ' " 'ttr
! 131J " ' " 3jd "
j 1^11 " " " 3tit> " manured lightly.
I 1812 ' " ' 81J " in tried.
I think llli* injury from the rust nrarlv
or quite equal to tin; benefit derived from
i the favorable smsuh. And tliit the in.
I crease from the mail was greater o:t this
j rut than on any other, because t!v earlii
est marled and most seasonably planted.
J The rust here was more injurious than
I hi any other field, and I ini*r111 have at.
j trihuted it to the n-arl, hut that the To
aeiecut also marled safihred least of all.
i I am inclined to think dial the most ad|
vanned cotton was most aiVected, and the
| youngest least ; and that uinl had no to.
I llucnce one way or the other. It is wor
| thy of remark, that while all my other
cotton sufl'eied from lice and the worm
j hoth, neitlicr made their apjv arancc on
| the marled land.
I I have troubled yon with this lengthj
ened detail of my operations, because this
being th.e liist serious experiment w.th
| mar! in S nr>!) (Carolina (thai I know i.f),
it may be interesting to liaise who have
this earth within their reach, to kuo"
the paillculurs. From the facts I have
stated, etch one can firm his opinion on
nearly ex good data as ( can niv own ?
I ran only add that my expectations for
the first yea' have been fully answered.
I did not calculate on any of those magic
a I results w h ich agricultural experimenters
so often look for, and so seldom real,
i/.e to the full extent. I regard an in.
crease of "2tt per cent, as a very handsome
ream, and it it only does as well another
\e.<r, I shall at all events he repaid for my
luhor even if tne beneficial ctfect of tie*
marl ceases then. lint the experience
of all who have used it is, that it continues
to improve the soil every year, until
thoroughly disintegrated and combined
wilii it ; aiul tli it with proper culture it
iii'Vrr deeiini'S liom its maximum. Under
IIksi! circumstances, atul with these
iti)|>i I shall continue inysclt (< prosecute
tint business vijj[inoiislv durino the
summer. I nave hauled mar! over 1th)
acres, and nave now at my landing enough
to cover 3Ui) acres mure. Mv great regret
;s thai 1 did ii..t engage in th> business
sooner. i have long known Shell Bluff,
ami for soMie years had heard of Mr.
II till i's successful introduction of marl
into Inn culture of Virginia. Hut I had
not read Ins ? I'j-sav on Calcareous Manures,'
iior examined S'.udl I'lull", until
the summer o! 1 ~. l 1. The idea of obtaining
mar! from tliai spot was lii-l suggest,
ml to me by my friend Mr. 1 >ici;enson, of
tieorgia ; and nfier a ear< fui ptrusil of
Mr. Knilin's Us-nv, and .an analysis ol
marli there, i determined to try (lie ex
permit tit. I have, during the course ol
i;, received ur.irli cncouragriut til and i -Iliable
practical information fro n Mr.
Huilin himself, to whom, in common vv.th
ail other licnctici.irn s ol this ineslnn ih!e
treasure, I owe a debt of giati*. udu which
cannot in; ?a-ny ? m-.l.
I am, my dear s.r,
\ V1111 great regard and esteem,
Y>> ir ?.t <*<!ict 111 servant,
J. II. II AMMONO
Hon. NVhitrmausji l>. Skabuouk,
Pre.s't of (In Stale .4:\r. Soc.
" NATIVR." AM) Ollir.lt I'ATTI.K.
Messrs. (.1 jyl.tr, I if* 'J ticker, ? 1 have
read. Willi great interest, lie* first volume
ii| I lie Tra n-.ii e I it his n! the New \ oi k Agrieiiltuial
.Soetelv; mid with imnn of the
papers tliereio enntained have I lieen
inure pleased. (Iian vv t h the one on "Neat
(.'attie," liv Henry S. Katidall, in vvhieh
;ire in iiiv useful suggestions hi regard to
the improvement of our entile, and the
produetioii o| a lueed or lin-eds suiteii to
our elnnatc and purposes.
.Mi. 1J. teais I tin t too mam aie "too
prone to underrate our native slnrlt."
| which ho thinks "litis produced animal'
that would sulV? r Idle l?y comparison w itli
those ol anv oilier hood." In some re.
mi.ii lis on Mr. It m.l.ili's ideas, li\ Mr.
Wm. ||. Sol'1:1111. in liio Sept. No. ol Ii 1 <
Cultivator, is 1I10 hollow 1 no rather ultra
I'X |)l e.sslnll J "III! [ ^l I". It J IllilV M'lecl
I (if Im-sI [ol 11 if mi 11 v o si or I. J 11 Iiij oil noses,
and liri'i'd I lie 111 until lie is of the ii^o ol
I Mian, and inv word lor it, ho wii! never
j breed a boast that 11 grind pelge would
condescend to |>ut his hand iijion."
Thorn may ho a diilicull v, I confess. in
deriding such 11 pinpo.-ution. In tlio tir.sl
place, I lit* i>rfmtsf$ should ho iindoistnnil
i) rd 1 'I'iiI ' h V I hi* pa r| o s Tint, tin's,
, 1 in "native stark?" Here is the grand
, J point ; ami they may ni well dispute
! about the merits of British sheep, or anv
I other species of animal which embraces
I varieties very widely different in their
( ! characters, as to attempt to decide that |
j matter <> t:I this point is se tied.
1 ( If .Mr. Randal! is to he allowed, (".rid
< tins is obviously his intention.) to take
; such nnnnals as Mr. Host's fat ox ns specimens
of the scrub or "native" breed, it
; apnears to mo he would he under no no1
t cessilv of breeding till he is tiireu score
years and ten, before be could " produce
: an animal that agondjulge would conde*
' .-cen l to put ins hand upon." VVIule on
. mv late trip to the Hast, I saw tins ox of
, Mr. Rust's. He is truly a most superb j
| animal. He has, both in shape and color, |
| all the lending characteristics of a Hi re.
i lord ; his shoulders arc well set, his chime
] full, hack short, loin and bins n-ru wi.l,.
{ rump long. legs clean ami sinewy, ami lie
| is considerably heavier linn any other J
: animal I ever saw of so little hone and |
. oil*..I. At the time i saw him, Mr. Host '
thought Ins weight could not he loss titan
; 3.70U pounds ; and it had been nsocr- i
j tamed hy repealed weighing, that his gain
; was at least three pounds per d ?y. Not
; withstan linjj Ids immense weight, he was,
' from the justness of his proportions, veiv |
I active. When l>u?g do.vn, lie would get
' up as quick as a sucking call".
I saw the man who said lie raised this
I o\ ; ami the history which lie gave of hint,
| was that the hull which sued hint was
"p trt 11rrtjurd." In tms. both he an I
j Mr. Rust agreed. I cannot sec why tins
i statement need be doubled ; for accord.
ing to an account which Mr. Bcmcnt has
j published, some Hereford^ were intio
J dm;od into t!n> pai t of tlie country several
1 \ ears ago. IJot history ami tradition out '
| of the <| lostion, it appear* to me there j
; would he as much propriety in tubing an
I animal which should show all the [> ir>?:i. j
! pal points in shape and color of an bull
proved Snort Horn, as a specimen of the [
i native stock," us there is in taking this'
ox as such. An example of tins kind
' would probably lie regarded hv the advo*
I rates of t!;o rfuorl Hoi ns us not altogether 1
' lair.
Your reviewer, Corninpntafc.r, in the '
Oct. No. of the Cultivator, in his remark-: ;
on Mr. Soth-im's expression, given above, '
, says Mr. IJakewull made a similar expori- '
j nient in {England to that proposed by Mr.
j Randall, ' and it is presumable with no I
! lu ttci cattle to begin with than Mr. Ran- j I
I dall might probably timl among what is j i
j railed the native breed' in Now York." j |
Now it may ho pretty near true that j
1J ikewcll began to breed with cattle i I
which were not better tlian those winch ,
I some have railed jutliic in tins country ; ,
j hut from the best evidence to lie bad, ii j
! seems to me certain, that the animals with i
j which IJakowell began to breed, were not !
i only vers ge.nl in themselves, bo! belonged J
j to a race w hoso supciior excellence hud j
been long acknowledged. I'nal under 1
i bis master mind they attained stiii higher
improvement, is neither denied nor doubt- j
od ; but that the origiiuls were altogether ] ;
superior to our common cattle, ts tdain. it '
| wc mltn11 testimony on tins subject. | i
The lir>t great advantage winch Mr. i
B,.keWi?ll possessed over any one who 1
j kii<*lit attempt a similar experiment, con- I ;
linni?j himself to the common cattle ol* I
this countiy, was the fixed character ol'; i
his stock. Tlu-ii leading points had been j i
lliesiwne, without admixture, as far as w o ; i
learn, for ages. lici.ce he might calett. ' i
late on a certain transmission of the quali- j ,
lies possessed hv those lie ti .st selected, I
licrcdil.il :! v, to their offspring. 'I'ue on j i
gim.is o| our common cattle have been :
brought ;ri>111 almost every country and j
district limn which tins country iias ever
received emigrants. These animals, no j
heterogeneous in liu-ir chaiacter, have i
generally heen bred in an indiscriminate, j
najiha/.aid manin-r, until tney have, in
nitjsl casts, lost nil muikcd fcs -iiihluncc ,
to inv distinct l?rt eil. j
Vouatt.in the uotken nritisu Cattle,
gives a very interesting account it the'
stock Iioiii which Mr. IJakew.dl made ins
tiim:11;.| .selections. I!micr tin: iic.nl <?1"I
tins Cong Horns," he s.i \ s : * to tin:!
district ol Craven, a feiiile coiner ol' tiie i
W.. . I? . I i- v i i . . i
<->1 XViUIll" ui J Ol K'iSti! i'. llilMIC finil T1 : t
I r* ?-?
Lancashire, ami sep-i rated I'rom Went.!*
mori-land childly by ti c westi r:i moo: i i
lands, men* has been lio:o tin; earliest re- I
cords ol iii itish a^i iciillnre a peculiar and ' i
valuable breed of cattle." At |>aan l-d>'
is eivcn a portrait ol a Craven hull, "sup- j
{posed to bear about bun many ?f tue J
characters ol the old breed." Tim por- i
trait convejs an idea id a most c.\ci liml !
animal ; one ol (lie best in liie boob ; tiie j
bridv and limbs indication siiiprisiny '
stren"th, with n iicll, mellow coal ol
! hair.
In 1720, it is staled licit a blai Usmitii j
i by the name ol Withy, i oiniiieiict.il tlit*
w ork ol improv mi* the I raven callle, witii
1 some cmvs wliicii be procured from fiJir (
Thomas ( icslev. " Soon alter ibis," savs
Mi. ^"ini'.l, "Mr. Webster, ol" Canlev, {
ncat Coventry, distinguished bimsi it us a
iiiicili r. lie. ton, worked ii(>?>ii Sir
; Ttioinus (irrslt'V sj-tndr. He was at ? ? :i- !
siilerahlc trouble i;i procuring hulls from 1
Lancashire and We.-!ninri.!aiiil ; and lie is
1 sin | to have had the best stock ?.f cuttle ;
i then known " At 11)1, 102, it is'
; ?,.i t, " improvrmei't lew! hulcrto been i
at wni'ited to 'v: ;/ioi!ticf:d !>v ? , , ting IV.
? f> i|n i'"< ! >' k i .n
I
try, nnd crossing them with mains of an
alien lirewl. Mr. Bake well's good sensd
led hiin to imagine that the object might
he better accomplished hv uniting the nu*
pcrior kranches of the same breed, than
by any mixture of foreign ones. On this
new and judicious principle he started ?
He purchased two Long Horned heifers
Iroin Mr. Webster, nnd he procured a
promising Long Horned hull from Westmoreland.
To these nnd their progeny h?
confined himself." * * * "Many
years did not pass before his stock was
unrivalled for the roundness of its form,
the smallness of its hone, nnd its aptiludo
to acquire external fat, while they wcro
so. .1! ? c r 1 : - '
""..tiniii ia 01 iouu id propoi uon 10
their size."
Tlie object in making those quotations
is lo show (lint the ancestors of Mr. Bakeu
oil's stock had liecn considered excellent
long before he began hiscarcei as a breed*
ur.
In what I have said, I disclaim nny intention
to uwlorrnti? (ho native stock,**
but have been influenced only by a w ish
ihnt the public may besot right in mutters
of fact.
SAN FORI) HOWARD.
Albany Cultivator.
From the Southern Planter.
CriNKA GRASS.
Along with sonic grass roots, for which
wo arc indebted to the public spirit and
politeness of .Mr. Garr.ctt, we received
the following note :
Messrs. Rotts & RtrnrooT:
(Jcntlcmen,? 1 now send you (he Guinea
grass roots which your .North Carolina
friend requested you to piocurc for him ;
and, with your permission, I will avail
myself of ties occasion to publish onen
more what 1 think of this grass, as I find
(hat some of my good friends havo attributed
to me opinions which 1 never en.
Icrtnincd. Not that I consider llieso
opinions nl nil important to nny of my
brother farmers ; but having once published
them, and perceiving that some persons
have thereby been induced to make atrinl
t?f the Guinea grass, I owe it both to thcin
iml to myself lo guard them, if I can,
from forming an erroneous opinion on Iho
subject*
The good friends to whom I allude,
have called it " my favorite grass," prrfeiring
this, I presume, to the somewhat
mder term? hobby," all hough it means
pretty much (ho same thing. But tho
truth is, that if I must have a hobby?
like most of my brethren?it shall neither
be uf grass nor straw; and ns to the grasses
( have been content to rank them us those
)\ i v i? ruimo i* lm ? " . . ? - ?
^ v.*..,x, .. .iw mu ? vi iim m r.A|iuiit:nrt' in
liit ir culture. What I formerly said of
the (lumen grass [ still think; ami it is,
that it will produce a greater weight of
green food?counting the lour cuttings
which it will certainly hear, at an nverngo
weight of between two and three feet, in
high, dry Innd, of ordinary quality, than
any grass of which I have any knowledge.
1 infer from this, it will yield a greater
quantity of such food, oil high, dry land,
ul mil/ quality. I have also said, that it
will stand drought better than our other
r?i.isses, that horses and cattle eat it very
freely, for 1 have scon them do so. How
it wuulJ compare with other grasses in nu.
trilive properties 1 do not know, as none
nf them, 1 helievo, have yet been analyzed
in this country. It n certainly n coarse
grass, if suffered to reach a greater height
tic fore cm ling than I hnvo mentioned,
and therefore less suitable for hay than
tho grasses commonly used for that pur*
pose. It is also hard to extirpate, but not
more so than the red lop, winch is generally
preferred to all others, for very wet
laud. From ull these facts, then, which
I have noticed tor four years, I deem my.
s?.ll" uutliori/.e.l to say of the Cluineu grass,
, ? u i u ? t ?
in.ii iii mi ii';;u. in v, mm even sanely soils
uf oiditiary quality* such qs arc unlit for
11ticr clover, orchaid grass, timothy, rrd
tup. or meadow out, :t u ill produce n much
[ n-atcr weight of green food than anv of
litem ; that it will stand drought much
I Killer, and liiat horses and entile cat it
freely. lJ.it in ail situations whero tho
climate andstnl me well adapted to clover,
nre.iir.id grit*#, and timothy, it might con.
lent any fanner to cultivate no oilier
lunds. Stiil, the knowledge of their ex.
ctdlenre siiould not prevent small ex pern
incuts with other grasses ; for our maxim
shonld he, that there is no stopping place
for those who wish to acquire a thorough
know ledge of husbandry in all its branches.
Let your friend then, proceed to make a
small experiment with the (lumen grass
roots, which I now scud you for hiin.?
I 'hoy should he honed in the enrtii until
the ground ceases to freeze in tiio spring.
Then cut the roots into pieces two or thrco
inches long, and plant them hi well prepared
land, between two and thrco inches
deep. Let thu rows ho twelve inches
a pail, and pluco the cnliings in each row,
at the distance of l ight or nine inches.
I'iie plants will require woiking tho tirst
year; hut alter that they will occupy the
ground to the e\'Li.-i>n of any other
grow tti, and u ill hear cutting at least four
l.oo.w 1 ,o.r I .. "
. . ...... in Will! Bill Hllll I Cltl II II VO
tiiiiUi'. Willi sincere wishes for the auc>
cesa of your pa;?e r.
I remain, genttamen,
Yi.hi ol.ecliont servant.
<V' FTT