MStB QMMJB&W <&BW~MB^
VOLUME VII. CIIER AW. SOUTH-CAROLINA TUESDAY. MAY 3, 184.'. _= NUMBER 35 ' |
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rdered out.
IT The nost 4gr must H- pai' mi letter* to the
til ?r >tn the '?i<irj -ss of t li o*fi i .
f >MiTOK!( \ run: f m scour* in p;o-.
** T'?i* l?':??t. tH?* t?MI?af'? ^ ? "!! r:*|'v
at first did k*l hv ?n? v ?i? i* M-v-r
theles* i* in i?*h r?''iva!?'<S an I ?1
Last fill, we hid i pi' 'Sat was tak n
with the srnur* ha<llv. We tr*??d vari-ms
remedi* * fur it with hut li'llr () ?e
daV we threw over to it two or ihrw to
matoe* which it cat rearlilv and which
we found gave ' rdi'-f. By fallowing
thi* course a few d*vs ?t wax fiialh
cured."? Maine Farmer.
We last fall had a Berkshire shotn
which was brought to leath's door hv a
protracted diarrhea, or looseness r?f the
bowel*. Suspecting that derangement
of hilious secretion was the cause of the
diarrhea, and knowing that tomatoes
som-'tim s correct slight h liirv derangement
in the human patient, we tried it
for a short time with the pig. but without
oy sensible benefit. We then gave him
about 20 grains of calomel in a tomatoe,
which operated well; and frotn that time
he began to improve, and finally recov.
ered, though slowly. We saw by the
tymptom$ that he needed another dose of
ralone', hut we could not make hitn
swallow it in any of his food, of which by
the way, at that time he took very little;
sod we did not drench hirn. He formed,
from the single do-e, as strong an aversion
to calomel as many biped patients do.?
He never could he induced to taste a
tomatoe after the one in whirh he swallowed
the calomel.?Ro. Fa*. Gaz.
TltK AYRSUIRK CATTLI5.
There appear.*} to us to berarryinj on at
the present hm* a discussion with record
to the merit* of Ayrshire*. which is con.
ducted in a apirif that i* any thinjj but j
commendable, While one party eon.
fend* that they are comparatively value.
ieaa. or if of anv value, that thev rnav he
jf produced by a cross hv a Durham bull
upon native cows hy ih* thousand, the
other, perhaps. claims more for tben? than
Ihev are entitled to. and indulge* in too j
u Arr^.1;,.. A?
|II'firIV ?1.?|I II T v?| |V?;||I|VV |tr
we think very highly of the Ayrshire
breed, end believe them equal to any
other for dairy purposes sol Iv ; end for
tich portions of our country where the
natural presses, of nutritive kinds, do not
plentifully nhonnd. or where *he artificial
ones are not successfu'ly and extensively
cultivated in connection with roots, that
Jhev are preferable to the Durham*. inas.
much as they are* not such deep feeders.
But for all the purposes ? < heef. so far as
ixe and early maturity are concerned,
where the raw material for raising and
faitttniu*; are aSundtnt. so far as our p\.
perienee, and oVs rvation ones. th~re is m?
other breed which can compare *.vitt? ihe
Durham. We mav add too. thai *e have
seen deeper milker* among the Durham
co-vs than in mv oth t rae??hoth of fuil
bloods and grades. W?? sold a few ye;?r?
sinec, a three v.ear old Iu11 blooded D ir.
ham heifer. which. with her first calf,
gave 21 qiarlsof >ni'k luilv f'?r several
weeks. * :i?l in'i.vi .| 1 i!f- h'o< if.J e w
whose pedigree o-? the paternal line
traced back to 177 ? ?i glo-i >u v?vir ?
whirl*. wh ' ? fris'i. w ?-i! I j.v i) -j ??ru
a day. Tnese, however. at?? sc?g if .r
instances of deep in tilling, a ?I <!.? 1 g
to establish atiy claitn? ??t* MtiiM-rioriiv foi
the race. Oil the other hand. wr?.?wtwo
three vear oM Ayrshire heifers, ioiuortcd
bv R. D. Shepherd. Emj. which, with
their first calve*. gave. respectively, *-20
.and 24 quarts of inilk a day. These !o??,
we take it for granted, were rare specimen*
of th"ir hre?d, and do not establish
.a rule. We have noticed this root roveray
to express our regret, that agricultural
w discussions should not he carried on in
the kind feelings of brothers. It may
possibly he tolerated in political partizans
to call uglv names, and indulge in v tuperation.
hut their example should he
avoided by men engaged in the cultivalion
of the earth ?American Farmer.
? ??
Fr??tn the Maine Farmer.
here's thk biugkst hoo.
I The following whieli ha* been handed
I to us by Win. C. Fuller, Esq-, was re|
ceiverl from his friend JnmeMin, it will
snow you what a Kennebec pig will come
ft to when ft a on York county corn. Mr.
gg Fuller sent xo Mr. Jameson, a pair of
K-; P'S*- Tho ?ow was obtained in Read||
field, and *n dp t>ot Hnow what breed it
was. The Roar was obtained of Capt.
Francis Prrley of Winthrop, and was a
gran Ison of the Berkshire boar importer!
hv ('apt. Lombard of Wales, and is now
owned by Joshua Wing Esq..of this town.
Its mother was a mix of Bedford, Maeksy
a oil some other strar.is, we don't know
f ?L a
Willi.
Cornimiville, March 24 1*42.
I have killed lh?* hoar pig, which I hud
ft1* yrm, to day. Uti weighed when alive.
10 V) pound*. When dressed the tn?-?t
j weighed 905 pounds. Caul and hear!
weighed 33 1-2 pounds. Whole weight
j 942 1-2 ii?s. Loss in dressing onlv 00 12
I pounds. What thi?-k of fha! / Can vnu
jhe.il it in Kennebec? He hud no extra
1 keeping till last S<"->temhi-r ; nt bushels
j of |Mit.i'<vs and luo bushels nwn -al lu-fe. I
three ??f them t-vo weeks, all through the
spring ail sun-iie.r?I fed I hern hit
jiwe-e a div ? urx-d the potatoes and
| I'll uietl wi.'i wafer ar?! .nine milk.?*
S " ?? S p!:*iiihiT I ha*" Mven hi ? corn
| it.i!! !i-v .!?? him weigh
I >1 ? | ' v * W- ? .... a
*r? > .! tiog i i > . j \ ?i
h either like him i ?! out I k-* ?h ..
so we:l 4'ld sold her. She h i m ? ?
J JAMESON
MU.srvKD SKKD
Mr. E litor :--Plea.se allow me to call
the attention of inv brother la-mer*. to
the culture of White Mustard seed. I
once raised about one fourth of an acre
several years in succession, and found it
' ' '. LI P I .
to yield on lairi suuunie i-?r ?:m, sm?wi
nhi?u* the samp time, as many bushels to
the acre, or in the same projwrtion as
wheat, when not infested with the weevil.
The seed required, is, ten quarts to the
acre, and is worth '?n an average three
dollars per bushel. The seed therefore
rests much less than wheat. The preparation
of the land in all respects, and
sowing equal. The mustard seed brings
in the market double the money that wheat
does, f close hv asking why we do not
raise more uf it ? I think there can be
no answer given, only that father did not.
and how long will we Yankees be contet t>
cd to hear that ? ?
A. B.
N. B. The odor of the muafaid when
in full bloom, is very great. I suggest, if
sown near wheat if the flavor might not
he so disagreeable to the weevil, as to
cause hiin to take leave of absence ?
Maine Farmer.
From the American Farmer.
MEANS or DESTROYING TIIE C'URCULIO
Tiie following plan for destroying the
Curculio, is from the pen of one of the
most eminent nurserymen in our conntry,
who is distinguished alike for his
uractieal irood sense, and scientific attain
| ments.
The CurcuJio is one of the greatest
enemies of the plum; indeed, in many
sections of the country, the whole crop
is frequently swept off hy its attacks.?
when its habits are well known, however,
a little care will enable us to rid our gir
dens of these insects, so destructive to
stone fruit.
TV Curculio is a winged insect, which
emerges from the ground about the time
the trees are in blossom, and punctures
the fruit almost soon as it is formed
depositing its eggs in the the tender skin
of the swollen germ. Wnen the fruit
has reached one third of its ??ize, if we
observe it closely, we shall discover
the scar of this puncture made nv the
insect, in the shape of a semi-circle or
small crescent, about a tenth of an inch
iu hreadth. The egg has now taken the
I larva form, and the latter is working it*
) wav gradually to the stone or kernel of
! flic fruit; as soon a* it reaches this point.
! the fruit falls from the tree, and the the
worm now leaves it in a few da vs. ami
; ti.ul us way into thu !<?ose sod ol the tree.
! fl re it remains ;jn:iSI the enduing seaj
son. when it etn -rges in a winged form,
land hoi in j deposited its egg to provide
for the perpetuity ?! !? spocics, perish.
0*.
A - it is faun I that the f !;ir !??ir>. tho i^h
r? ^ Ii is.??t is flo' ;t VerV MU^atorV
o *; r m *? *1 * to lo-'troV it i'. o m: f'ifii
tr?* not wthoii' e{n'*:i?-\, though the
. .' io'ihwi :o ?;r-hTr l.< .n:?v no* receive th?*
Si ,-? A' trie i- u: when ? fills
*
;V?? ?l i'.) it i1 " *'?rvn. i*"t* *
; > I ?f* V 1 ,r t
s- ? ; !ia% (MI ti, i :? \
?'ihII il?t 'Irnv, t* ivj' i
nail gardens, tt i* "i:ftj ie:?t too tner ii
fuller) fruit ewry morning. dinu * the prio
I of its fill from the tree, ami throw it
n the hog p -us, when the whole will be
speedily consumed. I i larger oreh irds
where it is practicable, th" n-?gs may (the
trees being protected ) he turned in for
the short time in the season while the
fruit is drnping, rikI they will most efloc.
tually destroy tho whole r.p:e of insects
of the current season. Indeed, in large
plutn orchards, this practice is found a verv
effectual remedy for the attacks of th?*
('urculio.
In siri.*tll(gardens that hayc come under
our noiiee formerly much trouble with the
attacks of this insenet, where the praeticrj
i of gethering the fruit and destroying it
daily for a short period, has been pursued
the insect failed to make its appearance
for a couple of years, and the trees have
borne abundant crops of fine fruit. In
addition to this, wc would recommend the
application of clay about the roots of
tdnm trees in vorv light sandy soil.
r~ " r T
'* " **
If is sometimes the case that th* plum
will he many year* in coming info hearing,
where tlie richness of the anil induce* Inn
i great a luxuriance of growth. When this
| is the case, the ground should he partially
removed from the rfK?t*. which should he
| pruned or reduce I m nuinher one fifth or
one fourth, and the soil replaced. This
shoo!? he done in the autumn, and will
I r.iivlv fail in bringing about n profusion of
j Mum in I) J Is and a good wop of fruit.
r ; A J-D d
Nettbirgh V. Y.. Frh. 1^41.
F'mi 'he .l/ani** I'trniff.
. a *aEVR<T!VK "F TUK W'KfVJL l\ WMBlT. j
Mr Hmlhka:?Gr ' l?m> 1:.ik h.** r.
tsim*<j i'i tinK frrrfion of * ti*? St a f f f r ? ?**?*' :
V"ir> t'V *!?? 4 r*:mnly ha* h '/*n i
fn -nd?s.igges'ed, i ;i. hv "it c?rifir/f 1
and uS'fui trmml, I)-. L?> t.-ri <?f StngervnN* 1
!'?ip frit dy ?. *n??|e.?#ibaii ?h #. S ?'v wt>r rig
' ry<* \v,rli 'h I <??we-l 4 q:nr?* l??? nf j
s i :rr.-s ? wlie ' I ?st *>i?tntjr, a-'d then t<? u *t
?ti?- i?r veiitiv"'. { pow??d th?* b??id??re ?f .tie
ti Id [wiihk1< i*i v rilth. wi'h twelve qii?r|w|
<?t y. The ?r-ult w*-, th*? wu*?vd? w re i
v ??*ir- il mi ttf ry?* iti n mv-rr a* 'n
???. , <(J a fi,ij n<* in in* "*lv every li?*? There
A-Tf mi <vr. v 1j <ii :lie wheat, ami 1 t >mk
fh- r?* <va.? no! a rj i i t of rve gr >wn in a bun
.'r-d l?u*h?d* of wheat. My np?ghh??r<
were apprised ofinyde?ngi? of wing the rye,
j I nt the*1 wk-' want ng n th" fai?h. an.I their
' gram a??wn at t e ?uiie {nn<? i?uffer?*d very
materially. CALVIN CHAMBERl.\!N.
what COXSTlTUTKS a wiikat soil.
This question is one of pregnant im.
port, and calculated. if followed up. to
leoiiht ii i kI inl<> an interminable lab.
rinth of inquiry m??l di.-quisition. So in.
| terminable, indeed, do we consider it, that
j did we feel ourself competent to the task
j of pursuing it whither it would carry us.
I we would turn from its pursuit, under the
belief that, for all the practical purposes
of husbandry, the tracing it through its
'r sinuosities would he labor unnecessar.ly
thrown away. Th object of this article
being of a far less ambitious nature, we
shall be content with snowing what, in
practice, has been found to produce good
i crops of wheat, both by chemists and
j prac.ical farmers. Accoidiug to the gen.
eiallv received opinions of intelligent
agriculturists, clayey soils resting u;?on
limestones, or clayey nnd calcareous loams.
are the host adapted to the profitable
i growth of wheat. This opinion, is dfttfbt*
less, correct, and jusiified as well by the
observation of practical men as by the
theory of the scientific; for in almost all
such soils those minerals and salts are
present, in some of their forms, which
rondure to the healthful vegetation of the
plant, and the perfert maturation of its
grain. We are aware that, in the main,
it is upon such soils the host and moat,
produetive crops of wheat are usually pro.
dured; hut certainly this does not settle
the point, that other and less appropriate
soils, may not he profitably devoted to its
ultiire; lor the instances are inuuierable
where ii|)on soils, in which sand largely
predominates. heavy crops of this grain
have her.i prodored. To one of these
instances it shall he our business now to
.*all the attention of the reader, and we do
s?? with the greater degree of pleasure,
because it is one in whi-h, by the skill
and notable management of the proprietor,
the physical inaptitude of the soil
has been successfully overcome; in
which, by artificial appliances, its natural
delects have been remedied.
We allude to the farm of Earl Slimson.
of G.i I way. Saratoga County, New York.
By the analysis of Dr. Steele, its soil coii.
<:sts of
Water, 8.5
Animal and vegetable matter. ]'i 5
A lumine (or clay ) 115 .
Sdiccous sand, 54
I !?rho:iali>ofllme. 3
Soluble salt*, 1
Oxuie of iron, 1
9^ 5
Loss I 5
100.
II re then. is .i s..il i which xan l pre
' lorrtinfi.'cs farce'u an i which h\- romm- n
n J
consent. :i*?re?.?l>lv to the usual hitcimh.
" , 1
j Mo.a df III.* tcfltl UIIIO If lar-t)- rs. It Wo:il I
h/ ilt'Moritiriul* d a san?fv soil. ft is. \?
, ihitik ?t|*,ii soil as uiikv farriers *woti! I
co-? *!'* I?*. ?xo ihj be ;. || I ?o tf|a Ias| !>o U
| vi| i a * :ii-?'i**r.?T|i?tr ?*ro|? of w ?!
be n'? .iliM' l. a.i.l V**t ill ? !a{ ? ?! as
. iy a pp.: to lu. upon a supcrfieial
v.ioii'iatio!! ol i s component parts, it
y.?*l Is iiot o ?'y 4 ??il hut excellent crops
of wheal, as w? 11 as of every thing fdse
. frown upon it. The why and the how
J will he apparent to tin* intelligent reader,
when we come to unfold the treatment to
which it is subjected by its judicious own*
... ii. .J
j nr. Having laid down an ei.iignmneti
| system ??f improvement for himself, he
! ndlows it out with unflinching pcrseverI
i " r
ance. and. as a necessary-consequence.
reaps the iiencfitsof ms happily conceived
and well executed plans. Having premised
this much, we will now state in
j what his s\stem of management consists,
j la the first plti.e he manures his land
,j hut once in six?years?and his rotation
! of crops is this:
1st year Wheat manured,
2nx u Corn?plastered.
1 * 31 " Flax. Rye, or Barley,
i 4(h *4 Clover and Hrrd t? graiw, (limofhy.)
i 5 h " Clover and IIurdV<jra*a, (timothy.)
dth " Pauture.
i We have ^id that he manures bw
>% J , * ,; C" xl
land hut onre in fix yenrs. and the render
I may probably be inclined to suppose thnt
that in n very heavy on'-; but -uch is not
the fact, rs we shall now show.
His dreusing. per acre, consists of 5
: toads of barn-yard manure, and 3 of loach
ed ashes. It is not stated whether tnese
are double or single horse rart londs ; let
is. however, suppose thcrn to bo ilouhle.
I and that the rart is of the capacity of
| 40 bushels. If we do so, this will give us
j two hundred buiheh hf ham yard manure.
I and one hundred an i tiren'y bushelx of
I fenched ashes as his dressing. and wh'*n
j ir !." considered, *hat this is ill the irnnurp
i the land got* for the j?i of 0 years,
| except I lie plastering ?f fh?* corn. at the
rate of 5 perks ?o th acre, and the drop
iniogsof the stock on the pas'ur^ the sixth
v nil must hi- v i ling o i?!m t, M,at t' e
quantify is most inn I -rate indeed.
As t" his nil*'hn| o| preparing his
Sfniinil f r llw* hIiphI rrnp, ami mode of
applying the manure, itshalfhr our pur
OM*- |||,'? to Sjlfllk
\f<er ploughing in his chiver-lev, he
.pr-ils the m mure of ho h kinds evenlv
nn the ground, and either htrrnws. or
I plough* it it by a rerv light ** ploughing,
say n??t exceeding 3 inch**
in depth. In ploughing in the
lover ley, he takes care to have
the sod turned Jlit. and before putting on
the manure to have the fiirrough* irr.ll
rolled, so that the vegetable body turned
under shall be distutbed as little as pnssi.
hie by tilc subsequent processes, to which
the ground is iuhjected in the course of
preparation for, and the seeding of. the
wheat crop, lie deems the surface np.
p! ration of the manure bettor than that
of turning it under the sod, and that,
though much may he lost by gaseous escape,
still he gains more than he loses.
He prefers leached ashes to unleached.
and considers lime the next best tnanurw
that can be applied.
Wheat, it will have been perceived, is
the first crop in his rotation. This he
usually sows in<the autumn, at the rate
of 2 bushels to the acre, which is harraicetl
in. Hi* aver -ge crop is from 31) to 40
bushels to the acre on fields of from 5l) to
60 acres.
Of Corn his average yearly product is
about 5.000 bushels, and for ten years
prior to 1832 had yielded above 100 bushels
to the acre. He plants a small 8 row.
ed variety, on the ground whereon ho
grew wheat the previous year, in hills 2
feet 8 inches each uav. b-Hving 4 stalks
in a hill. In each hill at the tune of
drooping the corn, a small portion of plas.
ter is put. and as we have before stated,
at the rate of 5 pecks to the acre?and
this is the only manure.which it gets.
Potatoes he plants on the outside of
his corn and at the same distance and as
it. At the second hoeing of his potatoes,
he takes pains to open the top of each hill
with the foot, and to put a hoeftil of dirl
directly on the centre, bv which means
the sun is admitted to the potatoes, and
contributes as he conceives to promote
itioironiu/lh it i-i .1 vera(rr arrcaMe vi?*M.
j 11(1 II -I ??? t?. - - . - w, - w
in * rrop of 2.000 bushel*, is nbout 500
bushel*.
Flax with him is a valuable crop, yielding
besides 20 bushel* of seed per acre,
nhout 400 pound* of fl.ix. i*ofopin.
: ion that flax rnav hp grown mine in mix
year*, under his system, on the name
ground.
Barley or Rye, in hi* rotation, usually
follow* corn. The former he considers
' (he b?"?t rrop with which *n lay down hi*
grass land.
Laying doim gra*.i. ? \n laving down
grass, Mr. Sl'inson sow* his grass seed at
the lime he sow* hi* R irley, early in I he
spring, at the rate of 3 b* or clover seed
and 1 gallon of tiinothv, or herd** gra-*.
a* the eastern folk* call tiruothv, to the
j aef. Hiseropof grass averages 21-2
! foes to the nere.
j VV.. have thus given the vi??w*. and the
praeijre under them, of one of the most
sto'rtntsfu! fflMiww in >h<* St?ile of New
' Voifc, and it will remain for !?<' reailrr In
deter.nine in hi* own mind, in *hat hi*
^ f - .u... \r.
own practice* umurs iroin ?!i^? ?. ....
S imeon. Few (.'jnncw there are, it ni'hl
l?f conee.ied/who pretend t?? manure ni
. ill, who, we sh uiM premium, use It"*"
r11.?:>11r*> than liiM'n. Then i?? what is
h:s s?r*eeju iTo is i?< n quest if?n
w.rthv of all consideration. Wo nee
hiin fmrfii ng a i*our<e of mix ve.irs rotation,
a id hi that |m riod taking off his land
al least three exhausting crops. ?nd Ml ill
Hud his soil. light. ami predominating in
sand as it does, in a in* tilling its fertility,
and in an average of ten years yielding its
30 and 40 bushels of wheal In the aero,
and giving above 100 bushels of corn in
' an average annual crop of 5.000 bushel*.
'I'Iwm ?rp ealculaled lo awaken in
i ?? ' - -
our rninds ihe desire !*? know why these
things nre ik?. Is it because he leaves his
manure near the surface, to lie acted upon
! hy moisture, heat and nir, and there net
! as a luhoratory for the generation of carbon,
and those o*her gases friendly to vegetation
? Is it because, by the application
periodically, of ashes, which doubt,
j less abound in charcoal, the raw material
I for the manufacture of carbonic acid g??
iii always present for I he use of the growing
vegetable*? |* it jn part nscribable
to bin depasturing his grass fields the sixth
year, and thus securing to it valuable
supplies of those nutritive matters, in
which, the feces and liquid discharges of
stock are known to abound? Without at.
I ?.l * -t *
- r * -id
tempting to *ot'!e either of these qieatio^s
niir.?elf, it may not bo ami** to suggest, j
whether the results of Mr. S?irtison'* coin* I
hineri application of ashes awl ha'rn yard
minim*. should not encourage other*
who, like, him, have soils wherein sand
predominates, to emulate h a e.xn "pie?
And whether any who have such land*.
?ho.ild be deterred from attempting the
cultivation of * heat, wherever nshes can
he procured, without costing l*?o much?
To us it would appear, that where ashes
are not obtainable, out seawers! and marl,
or lime are. that the use of such mixture
wool I oe ail excellent substitute, as sea
weed, in its process of decomposition,
j would throw out gases, simitar in rnmpo.
J si < ion an I effect, to those m hich in ashes
I exert their best jofl lenca upon vegetation;?Amrr.
Farmer
* -? Kroiu
tiiti F. r ccm' Ita^iilrr.
KKMAKKS OX TlIK MAKING PRK3KKVING
AND APPLYING OK XAXUBKS.
To the Fc-itnr ot the Farmers' Register.
Sandy Point February 26, 1842.
In 111.5 January number of the R-gis
l?T is an, ** Ks*ay on the making, the
preserving. ami the ap dying of manures.'
on which I would take the liberty of mak
< ... 1. n . * .l
in?? u lew remarks. ri?in? over in? |
,#rvli uiaarv observations of the writer, I
will begin with hi* stable management
I am not a aware that ^ny fanner or own
er of a horse. who pays a duo regard l?
hi* own interest, the health and corn for
of hi* horse, or to the most ecpnoinicn'
mode of making manure from that source
i* in hnv douht a* to 41 how long thi[.stable]
litter ought to accumulate be for
it is removed." and that i* that it shout
be removed every day. The writer o?
the essay is, however, "of the opinion tha
it ought to remain until bv its great li?*a'
it endangers the health, of the animal '
If stable inantire, by its accumulation
and consequent and unavoidable fermen
tarion, should become at all offensive o?
deleterious to.'he health of the horses them,
selves, that delcteriotisjjendency must lain
operation from the moment such an
accumulation commences; nor can tint
.1 ._ ?u_ t 4,i.
iniUJI provr m?re injuno'i* hi mat iiroitn
or more entirely doatruejiye to tho com
fori of I ho liorxo, h nd certainly none mon
slovenly on tne part of the farmer, that
the too frequent habit of many in allowing
manure to accumulate in the stable
The essayist's plan of keeping '-tliesta
Idea clean, not by throwing out of freal
litter." is something like concealing film
hv a eoaf of paint, and has nothing tha
I know of to rrcommend it. Bv the es
sayist'* own admission, the health ot the
horse is endangered by the practice, ann
I know from experience that it is not the
most erono nical mode of making manure.
and tl at in scarcely any other posi
! lion will stable manure become sooner fir*.
fangrd and injured. In Loudon's Kn?dy.
cloptB'lia of Agriculture is the following
remark. " The dung should lie removed
[from the stable] if possible whnllv w j*h
out the afnhle as soon as dropped: for the
exhalations from that are aUo ammoniacal.
and eoii?equ fitly hurtful. To thi>
cause alone, we inav attribute many dis.
oases, particularly the great tendency sta.
hie horses have to become alferted in the
I eyes."
The* essayist gives tie preference !??
the feeding of cattle in pens, and subsequently
states, " here mso, grf.it dearth*'
ne*s (Might to be observed* which can
casilt be secured by frequent supplies of
fresh Inter " In pen feeding, with the
most ample and frequent supplies of litter,
I have never yet b> en aide to Keen re that
amount of cleanliness so desirable to the
health and comfort of the animals so fed.
Cattle on h Iiuiii there is no demand made
either on their labor or produce, may
thus he kept in tol? aide plight ; hut milch
I rows and working oxen ran never be
; subjected to this 'mode of feeding with
| hem tit to themselves or profit to their
j owners; nor do I think that a larger ?r
j eq ml amount of manure ran he made by
j pen feeding, than ran he made by the
same number of cattle stall-fed, daily
cleaned, and fresh littered, I believe, by
the experience ?>! Ihiwe who have tried
both mo?fes, the pref. retire is given, in
point of quality if not quantity of manure I
to that from s'ail led cattle.
The essayist's mode of feed'ng hogs is
not such as I think would suit the judicious
hog hreoiter. Fdlhy as the general
i i... ..i* ik.. k.?. ?... I.. i... i,
KHUH* "I lilt' Hir m j?r, ??
is an animaltli.it is greatly benefitted by
cleanliness in keeping, and evpiiully in
feeding. As a manure raiser, the hog is
certainly n valuable animal, and wi I
amply repay his o* ner for plentiful supplies
of litter, and for having his sty or jh ii
frequently cleaned out. The supplying,
however, of hog |muis with "in-raping* "f
roads; ditches. <!ke. , or of rich deposiles of
mud," is 1 think, at best of ilotihilul c.
cotiomy; and in a majority of instances
the labor of hauling and dc|H?siling such
materials in the j?ons is unnecessary, if
* ?j ..c
lint injurn nil. II me irepiwiiw ??i muu,
dtc., are rich, why not haul them at orch
to the field* lo be manured ? The fermention
n cituer of them in the hog pen*
cannot ie attended with nnv bene til, un1
le<H th?-\ contain a large proportion oi in%
ert vegetable matter, approaching lo the
nature of peat, which in (hi* climate very
rarely occurs. In the Farmer*' Maga
zinc, vol. xv? p. 3M, are the following
remark-: " Making compost*. ther, of
rich will of this description, with duntf or
lime, mixed or separate, is evidently, to
sny the least of it, u waste of time and
labor. The mixture of earths of this de.
scription with dun# produces no altera*
tion in the component parts of the eartii
where there is no inert vegetablesubslan*
ce* to he acted on; and the mixture of
earth full of soluble matter with dun?
and miirkliine. in a mass together, had
(he wor*- effect*, the quicklime decompn.
sing an I uniting with the soluble matter
.?f the earth at well at that of the dung;
thus rendering bothiin every caw, lea*
efficient a* manure*, than if applied sup*. *
rately from the quicklime, and even the
quicklime itself inferior aa a manure for
certain soils, than if it had never been
mixed with the dung and earth at art "
The essayist's the<?ry, * that hq jidf
are quite ax necessary, and even more My. UW
m exciting and hastening the decempoai*
lion of tho litter than the noli'ds are," .5
appear* to me unqualified. That tnoia*
ture i? necessary to induce fermentation
cannot be doubted; hut it is- equally cer?
tain that an excess of moisture is dealrnc.
live to and afford* to the farmer the Heat ?jj
mean* of checking and preventing injur.
i'?ua fermentation.
I On the preserving of manure*, the e.-K*;
snyist observes, " Aaa general rule,, tna.
! rnirea ought always to he used, or at least
placed in a situation to he used, aa aoon
a* thoroughly made;" and subsequently
occur the terms, "pmperly made,"/Tally
made." I would ask the w.iter. when I*
manure thoroughly, properlyrfairly, fully
iiuHuT fin thi?i noml mm>k ilivi>railtt 1/
I opinion prevail*; If I, from sortie expert*,
nee. might venture to give an opinion,
I would snv that the slighter the degree <?f
fermentation which takes place before,
oanurc is applied, as a general rule, the
ujtter In colder climate*, the bringing
n of an incipient fer men lit lion in manure - ,
lefnrc its application to the soil may Be a -r. \
leairahln object; but in this climate the ?
llffirulty appears tn me to he. with the :
judicious farmer, not in obtaining or fg...
dating but in preventing fermentation.
On this subject, and tor the climate ofEngland.
Davy apeak* *a follows:
A alight incipient fermentation is pp. . &
doubtedly of use in the dunghill; fW by i
neqns of it a disposition is brought on in. 't
he woody fibre to decay and dissolve,,
when it is carrjed to the land, or ploughed ^
into the spil; and woody fibre i* always iol.
/real excess in the refuse of the farm.
Too great degree of fermentation is/
however, very prejudicial to the compose manure
in ?he dunghill; it is bettor that
here should lie no ier inert fa I ion At all b?t?.
r'ore the manure is used, than it should bp
carried too far. This must be obvious
I rtim u. liaf Km? fi.u>n nlri>ailv ?tlil?ui in thi?
lecture. The excess of fermentation;
tends to the destruction end dissipation-,
it the mast useful part of the . manure;; r .
ini the ultimate results of this process
are like those of coiiihtiMtiott.
It is a common nracltce amongst fart,
mer* to suffer the farm.yard dung ta>
torment till the fibroin* texture of the veg*..
cable matter is entirely broken down,,
and till the manure becomes perfectly
old, and so soft as to be easily cut by lite
spade.
" Independent of the general tVoretiis.
al views unfavorable to this practice founded
upon the nature and composition of
vegetable substances, theie are many arguments
and farts which show that it is
prejudicial to the interests of the farmer.
During the violent fermentation
which is neressaiy for reducing farm yard .
manure to the slate in which it is onlicd*
short muck, not only a large quantity.,;
fiuid, but likewise of gaseous matter,' is
lost; so much so. that the dung is reduced
one-half,or two thirds in weight; and the
principal clastic matter disengaged is carbonic
acid, with some ammonia; and
both these, if retained by the moiuture in
the soil, as has been stated before, are ca?.
I table of Incoming a useful noutisbment
! of plants."
I 'J'he e*sat ist's observation on the best
i mode of npidying manures, " that he has
| come to the conclusion that the applies'
<* -. j ^ _ . j :__
lion 01 ronea manure as % iKp-iiiwmg,
and the con ran and unrolled to be immediately
ploughed under," is contrary to the
experience and practice of many inteilt.
Kent and observant farmers. The shor*.
I teat manures are doubtless (he hest adap.
i ted for winter and apring application, for
any hoe crop immediately fnllowing#For?
example, the application of coarse littcrt,
iNiicfian straw or corn-stalks only partial*,
lv decomposed. to a field previous to plan*. - \
ting corn, will rniw serious impediment
in the Miha? quent culture of thecrop, antfrwiihout
any appreciable benefit to this QCT
the following crop. On Ihe other hanf??
the application of such manure, and ajget
itfdry straw, leaves, 4c., whtck Hitk*
undergone no previous for mentality
as a top- Ireasing on clover, is arret*
ded with the bappiewt effects, both to
clover and succeeding wheat or c<uw
crop. I l ave seen finely rotted mapuce,
dry S'rnw from the stsck. and dry aid
-* ' C-. ? *L.? M'AA/I. ,nnl Alt If
^*ni i rvow ir* in iiiv w*%m ~ w
c'6. ?*r mdn by ?de, and the (real r??u|tl >
w e from Itw covering of dry vlravr. J
h* t aUo xeen young wltem l?*p dreand
I mih |iin? Iwxveg (on marl?>djgbi?d) tv;th
benefit* which, though of cwme le*a j|l
degree. wer? an intinrtly marked a* 1
hive ever *een from the a. p'irattVf? of
rolled .-thb'e or farm pen manure. Nqflni >.
erou* au h ntira might be quoted ?n .
port of using manure an ?vu,-r? t|f ?
;
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